PT REKAYASA INDUSTRI

Training Process Engineering EPCC

Natural Gas Processing

Jakarta, August 27th 2008

By:F.X. Agung Nugroho

Product Owner - SBU Gas

PII Training - Gas Processing

Where does the gas come from ?

Image Legend1. Salt cavern hydrocarbon storage2. Oil and gas reservoir3. Natural gas reservoir storage4. Transmission pipeline5. Compressor6. Gathering pipeline7. Emergency shut down valve

PII Training - Gas Processing

How it differs with other fossil fuels ?

Natural Gas C/H Ratio:

- CH4 : 0.25

- C3H8 : 0.375

- C10H22 : 0.454

- C6H6 : 1

PII Training - Gas Processing

“What do we get” vs “What do we want”Comp Raw Material Product

NA-Gas A-Gas Sales Gas LNG LPGC1 50 – 95% 50 – 85% -

C2 0.5 – 10% 5 – 15% -

C3 0 – 5% 5 – 20% -

i-C4 0 – 5% 1 – 15% -

n-C4 0 – 5% 1 – 15% -

C5+ 0 – 1% 0 – 5% - - -

N2 0 – 20% 0 – 2% - - -

CO2 0 – 50% 0 – 10% <5 % mole <50 ppmv <5 % mole *)

H2S 0 – 2% 0 – 1% <4 ppmv <4 ppmv <4 ppmv *)

H2O saturated saturated <200 ppmv <0.1 ppmv <20 ppmv*)

Other 0 – 1% 0 – 1% - - -*) determined by process condition of the LPG plant

PII Training - Gas Processing

Process Types in Natural Gas Processing

• Purification– From other phases (liquids, solids)– From impurities

• CO2

• H2S• H2O• Mercaptans (R-SH)• Carbonyl Sulfide (COS)• Carbon Disulfide (CS2)• Mercury (Hg)

• Fractionation– Lean Gas– NGLs– Condensate

• Liquefaction (LNG)

PII Training - Gas Processing

Overall Scheme of Gas Processing

GAS/LIQUIDSEPARATION

ACID GASREMOVAL

GASDEHYDRATION

REMOVAL OFOTHER

IMPURITIES

NGLRECOVERY/

FRACTIONATION

LNG LIQUIFACTION

GasFrom Well

Liquid HC/Oil

Produced Water

Sour Gas

SweetGas

Acid Gas- CO2- H2S

H2O

SULFURRECOVERY

Sulfur

Dry Gas

Other impurities- Mercaptan (RSH)

- Carbonyl Sulfide (COS)- Carbon Disulfide (CS2)

- Mercury (Hg)

LeanGas

THERMAL OXIDATIONTreated Acid Gas

Flue Gas

LNG

Sales Gas

LPG

Condensate

PII Training - Gas Processing

Gas / Liquid Separation

FeedGas

Inlet Separator

Inlet Cooler Scrubber

To Produced Water Treatment

Condensate / Oil

Condensate / Oil

Washing Column

To Produced Water Treatment

To Produced Water Treatment

Wash Water Filter Separator G/L Coalescer

To AGRU

PII Training - Gas Processing

Acid Gas Removal

PII Training - Gas Processing

Acid Gas Removal Technologies

Source: UOP

Carbonate

PhysicalSolvent

PII Training - Gas Processing

AGR - Amine Absorption

AmineAbsorber

Sweet Gas

Amine Lean/RichHeat Exchanger

Reflux Drum

Reflux Pump

AmineCirculation Pump

Amine Reboiler

Gas from G/L Separation

Acid Gas

Lean AmineCooler

Acid GasCooler

Make-UpWater

Amine Regenerator

PII Training - Gas Processing

AGR - Absorption with Physical Solvent

Source: UOP

PII Training - Gas Processing

AGR - Membrane

PII Training - Gas Processing

Sulfur Recovery

PII Training - Gas Processing

Competitive Range of Sulfur Recovery Technologies

Source: Shell

PII Training - Gas Processing

Claus Process

Source: GPSA Handbook

PII Training - Gas Processing

Liquid Redox – LoCat

Source: GTP-Merichem

PII Training - Gas Processing

Biotechnology – Shell Paques/Thiopaq

Source: Shell

PII Training - Gas Processing

Gas Dehydration

PII Training - Gas Processing

TEG Dehydration

Source: Natco

PII Training - Gas Processing

Removal of Other Impurities

PII Training - Gas Processing

Molecular Sieve

PII Training - Gas Processing

Merox Process

PII Training - Gas Processing

NGL Recovery / Fractionation

PII Training - Gas Processing

External Refrigeration

PII Training - Gas Processing

Turbo Expander Process – Recycle Split Vapor

Source: Ortlof

PII Training - Gas Processing

Turbo Expander Process – High Pressure Absorber

Source: CBI – Randall Gas

PII Training - Gas Processing

LNG Liquefaction

PII Training - Gas Processing

LNG Block Diagram

PII Training - Gas Processing

APCI Propane Precooled Mixed Refrigerant

PII Training - Gas Processing

Phillips Cascade Process

PII Training - Gas Processing Slide - 31

Engineering the future, building prosperity

Thank You