Gardening in a Warming World - Cornell Climate...
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Gardeningina
WarmingWorld
A climate-smart gardening course
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Howmightyousketchordescribeinwordsyourgardeningspace?
Figure 1. Pounder Vegetable Garden. Cornell Botanic Gardens. Retrieved June 1, 2017. http://www.cornellbotanicgardens.org/gallery/209.
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At the end of this course, you will:üBe familiar with the basics of climate change.üList current and future possible impacts of climate change on New York State.üIdentify ways to manage gardens to mitigate and adapt to climate impacts.
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At the end of this course, you will:üBe familiar with the basics of climate change.üList current and future possible impacts of climate change on New York State.üIdentify ways to manage gardens to mitigate and adapt to climate impacts.üUnderstand systems thinking as it applies to your garden system.
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At the end of this course, you will:üUnderstand systems thinking as it applies to your garden system.üBe familiar with the basics of climate change.üList current and future possible impacts of climate change on New York State.üIdentify ways to manage gardens to mitigate and adapt to climate impacts.üHave the tools to teach Gardening in A Warming World to others.
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Figure 2: Christopher Chase, 2003 . Retrieved 31 July, 2017.https://creativesystemsthinking.wordpress.com/2015/10/19/paradigms-are-made-for-shifting
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Figure 3. Cornell Cooperative Extension Dutchess County. 2016. Forest Management. Retrieved June 4, 2017. http://ccedutchess.org/environment/natural-resources/forest-management-1,
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Figure 4: Soil Food Web. Photo Credit: John & Bob’s Smart Soil Solutions. Retrieved from: https://www.johnandbobs.com/blogs/news/52693445-the-lasagna-method-dont-till-your-soil
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Figure 5: Woessner, Patrick. 2012. Introduction to Systems Thinking. Lausanne Laptop Institute. Retrieved 31 July, 2017. https://www.slideshare.net/pwoessner/systems-thinking-lli2012? https://www.slideshare.net/pwoessner/systems-thinking-lli2012
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Figure 6- Waters Foundation. 2014. Habits of a Systems Thinker. Retrieved 24 April, 2017. http://watersfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/habits-onepage2015.pdf#page=1&view=FitH,
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Whatisyourgarden?
Fuelingyoursystemsthinking.
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Figure 7: Landscape for Life. 2017. Curriculum preview. Retrieved 22 July, 2017. http://landscapeforlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Slide53.jpg.
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Whatchangesdoyounoticeasyoustriveforgardening
success?
Figure8.CornellCooperativeExtensionWayneCounty.
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Human-causedclimatechangeisaffectingNewYorkStateinmultipleways,including:•anincreaseintemperatures•extremeweatherevents(heavyrainfall,heatwaves,anddrought)• changesindiseaseandpestpressure
Fig 9. Cornell Climate Change. 2017. Retrieved 25 July, 2017. http://climatechange.cornell.edu/about/.
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Alltheseeffectsposerisksforourfarms,forests,gardenlandscapes,andcommunities.CooperativeExtensioniscommittedtoeducatingallthesestakeholders.
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Definingweatherandclimate
Figure 10: Marion Grunert, Max Planck Institute for Meteorology. (n.d.). Climate System. Retrieved 29 May, 2017. https://www.mpimet.mpg.de/en/communication/multimedia/figures/climate-system/.
•Weather istheshort-termvariationsoftheatmosphere(fromminutesto weeks).•Climate istheprevalentlong-termweatherconditionsinaparticularplace,overaperiodof30+years.
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Figure 11. Environmental Protection Agency. 2012. The Greenhouse Effect. Retrieved 31 May, 2017. https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climatechange_.html.
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Figure 12: U.S. Global Change Research Program. 2009. Climate Literacy: The
Essential Principles of Climate Science. Retrieved 31 July 2017.
https://www.climate.gov/teaching/essential-principles-climate-literacy/essential-
principles-climate-literacy
Greenhousegasestrapheatinatmosphere
• Watervapor• Carbondioxide(CO2)• Methane(CH4)• Nitrousoxide(N2O)• Ozone(O3)
Greenhouseeffect
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• 1.5oFincreasegloballyintemperaturessince1880• USaveragetemphasincreased1.3oFto1.9oFsince1895,most
oftheincreasesince1970• Warmestthreeyears:2014- 2016• Hottestyeareverrecorded:2016• Longersummers,warmerwinters• BusinessasUsual=+4oFto10oFby2100• Thelasticeagewas8oFcolder
=ARealChallenge*AdaptedfromClimateSmartFarmingpresentation,CornellUniversityathttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3qT8nMtpFI&feature=youtu.be
TheChangingClimate…
Figure 13: Temperatures on Earth as recorded by an infrared sensor on NASA's Aqua satellite. Credit: AIRS Science Team, NASA/JPL. Temperatures on Earth as recorded by an infrared sensor on NASA's Aqua satellite. Credit: AIRS Science Team, NASA/JPL. Retrieved 1 June, 2017. https://phys.org/news/2013-05-pressure-density-exoplanets-atmospheres-odds.html,.
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EverySeasonisWarming
Fall
Summer
SpringWinter
Figure 14: Kunkel et al., 2013: Regional Climate Trends and Scenarios for the U.S. National Climate Assessment: Part 9. Climate of the Contiguous United States. NOAA Technical Report
Winter Spring
Summer Fall
*Source:fromClimateSmartFarmingpresentation,CornellUniversityathttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J3qT8nMtpFI&feature=youtu.be
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Figure 15. Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. Greenhouse Gas Emissions. https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/ghgemissions/us-greenhouse-gas-inventory-report-1990-2014_.html
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Figure16.Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. Greenhouse Gas Emissions. https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/ghgemissions/us-greenhouse-gas-inventory-report-1990-2014_.html
Carbondioxide(CO2)
Methane(CH4)
Nitrousoxide(N2O)
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EPA’sclimatechangeindicators
Figure17.U.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.2016.ClimateChangeIndicatorsintheUnitedStates.https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-indicators_.html#explore
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Figure 18: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. Climate Change Indicators in the United States: Heavy Precipitation. https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2016-08/documents/print_heavy-precip-2016.pdf
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ObservedTrendsin1-dayVeryHeavyPrecipitation(1958to2012)
Figure 19. Karl, T. R., J. T. Melillo, and T. C. Peterson, 2009: Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States.
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Figure 20: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2016. Climate Change Indicators: U.S. and Global Tempterature. https://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climate-indicators/climate-change-indicators-us-and-global-temperature_.html
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Figure 21. Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences. 2011. Climate Change Facts: New York’s Changing Climate. http://climatechange.cornell.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/ny_changing_climate.pdf
• Invasive species• Earlier spring bloom dates• Longer growing season• Sea level rise• Storm surges• Changes in water level of the Great Lakes
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Mitigation (ofclimatechange):Implementingactionstoreducethesourcesofgreenhousegasemissions.
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Adaptation(toclimatechange):Theprocessofadjustmenttoactualandexpectedclimateanditsimpacts.
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Integrationoflocalknowledgewithadditionalscientificand technicalknowledgecanimprovedisasterriskreductionandclimatechangeadaptation.Local populationsdocumenttheirexperienceswiththe
changingclimate,particularlyextreme weatherevents,inmanydifferentways,andthisself-generatedknowledgecanuncover existingcapacity
withinthecommunity.IPCC2012:SummaryforPolicymakers,p.15
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Aninventoryofourgardeningpractice• Organicmaterialwaste• Soilhealthandnutrients• Water• Pollinators• Gardendesignandplants• Equipmentandmaterials
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•Gardenersfirsttonoticechangesinthelandscape•Vitalchangeagentsamongtheirpeers•Understandthetopicanduseappropriateresourcesforoccasionallychallengingdiscussions
Figure 22: Master Gardener Volunteers provide outreach to the public on important topics. Photo credit: Cornell Cooperative Extension Wayne County.
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Whyarepeersimportant?Mostindividualsdonotmakedecisionsaboutundertakingabehaviorchangeonthebasisofscientificstudiesoftheconsequencesofmakingthechange.
Mostpeopledependmainlyuponsubjectiveevaluationsofideasthatarenewtothem;andrelyonotherindividualslikethemselveswhohavepreviouslyadoptedtheideaorbehavior.
-AdaptedfromDiffusionofInnovations byEverettRogers.2003.FreePress.NewYork.
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climate.gov/teachingResources
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climatechange.cornell.edu
gardening.cornell.edu
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www.ucsusa.org
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www.nyserda.ny.gov/climaid
www.ipcc.ch
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ReferenceListPounderVegetableGarden.CornellBotanicGardens.Onlineathttp://www.cornellbotanicgardens.org/gallery/209,accessedJune1,2017
ChristopherChase,2003,https://creativesystemsthinking.wordpress.com/2015/10/19/paradigms-are-made-for-shifting/CornellCooperativeExtensionDutchessCounty.2016.ForestManagement.Onlineathttp://ccedutchess.org/environment/naturalresources/forest-management-1,accessedJune4,2017
SoilFoodWeb.PhotoCredit:John&Bob’sSmartSoilSolutions.Retrievedfrom:https://www.johnandbobs.com/blogs/news/52693445-the-lasagna-method-dont-till-your-soil
Woessner,Patrick.2012.IntroductiontoSystemsThinking.LausanneLaptopInstitute.https://www.slideshare.net/pwoessner/systems-thinking-lli2012?
WatersFoundation.2014.HabitsofaSystemsThinker.Onlineathttp://watersfoundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/habits-onepage2015.pdf#page=1&view=FitH,accessedApril24,2017.
LandscapeforLife.2017.Curriculumpreview.http://landscapeforlife.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/03/Slide53.jpg.AccessedJuly22,2017.
CornellClimateChange.2017.Onlineathttp://climatechange.cornell.edu/about/,accessedJuly25,2017
MarionGrunert,MaxPlanckInstituteforMeteorology.(n.d.).ClimateSystem.Onlineathttps://www.mpimet.mpg.de/en/communication/multimedia/figures/climate-system/, accessedMay29,2017.
EnvironmentalProtectionAgency.2012.TheGreenhouseEffect.Onlineathttps://19january2017snapshot.epa.gov/climatechange_.html,accessedMay31,2017.
U.S.GlobalChangeResearchProgram.2009.ClimateLiteracy:TheEssentialPrinciplesofClimateScience climate.gov/teaching/teaching-climate-literacy-and-energy-awareness
TemperaturesonEarthasrecordedbyaninfraredsensoronNASA'sAquasatellite.Credit:AIRSScienceTeam,NASA/JPL.Online at https://phys.org/news/2013-05-pressure-density-exoplanets-atmospheres-odds.html,accessedJune1,2017.
Kunkel,K.E.,L.E.Stevens,S.E.Stevens,L.Sun,E.Janssen,D.Wuebbles,andJ.G.Dobson,2013:RegionalClimateTrendsandScenariosfortheU.S.NationalClimateAssessment:Part9.ClimateoftheContiguousUnitedStates.NOAATechnicalReportNESDIS142-9.85pp.,NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration,NationalEnvironmentalSatellite,Data,andInformationService,Washington,D.C.[Availableonlineathttp://www.nesdis.noaa.gov/technical_reports/NOAA_NESDIS_Tech_Report_142-9- Climate_of_the_Contiguous_United_States.pdf
TemperaturesonEarthasrecordedbyaninfraredsensoronNASA'sAquasatellite.Credit:AIRSScienceTeam,NASA/JPL.Onlineathttps://phys.org/news/2013-05-pressure-density-exoplanets-atmospheres-odds.html,accessedJune1,2017.
Karl,T.R.,J.T.Melillo,andT.C.Peterson,2009:GlobalClimateChangeImpactsintheUnitedStates.T.R.Karl,J.T.Melillo,andT.C.Peterson,Eds.CambridgeUniversityPress.Onlineat
https://downloads.globalchange.gov/usimpacts/pdfs/climate-impacts-report.pdf, accessedMay3,2017.