Gangguan Visual
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Transcript of Gangguan Visual
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GANGGUAN VISUAL
Dr. Ahmad Muzayyin, Sp.S.,M.Kes.
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ANATOMY
The ProtectiveStructures of theEye :
• The Orit• The !ids
• The Sc"era
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ANATOMY
The AnteriorSe#ment of theEye :
• The $ornea• The A%ueous
&umor
•
The 'ris• The $rysta""ine
!ens ( $i"iaryMusc"e
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ANATOMY
The PosteriorSe#ment of theEye :
• The )etina• The *itreous
&umor
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ANATOMY
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ANATOMY
The *isua" SystemPath+ays to therain:
• The Optic -erves (Optic Tracts
• The !atera"enicu"ate -uc"eus
• The *isua" $orte/
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VISUAL SYSTEM
Optics:
• The purpose of the eye is to rin#ima#e from outside +or"d ontoretina.
• 'ma#e is est focused on the fovea(has highest conc. of receptoree!ents"
• This is achieved y po+erfu" "enssystem 0cornea an# ens".
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VISUAL SYSTEM
• $ornea 1 conve/ "ens that rin#so2ect into focus ( supp"ies 34diopters
• !ens 1 adds additiona" conver#ence. The "ens can a"so thic5en0accommodation6 +hich adds a fe+
more diopters, supp"yin# a sum of 74diopters.
• Tota" 1 84 d
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Vision #ist$r%ance
• Emmetropia 0norma" vision6: cornea9"enssystem focuses ima#es on the retina.
• Myopia 0nearsightedness): cornea/lens
system focuses images in front of the retina• &yperopia 0farsightedness): cornea/lens
system focuses images behind the retina
• Presyopia 0o"d eyes;6: !ens e#ins tosti
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Lesions in Vis$a &ath'a
• Blindness/scotoma aecting only one eye = lesion in theEye (such as damaged retina or ophtha"mic artery6, theoptic nerve) or optic neuritis 0as in MS6, or an optic tumor.
•
Blindness/scotoma aecting diferent visual elds ineach eye = lesion at Optic chiasm
? itempora" hemi?anopsia 0"oss of tempora" visua" @e"ds6 1media" dama#e chiasm +hich means oss of crosse#*%ers 0$auses: pituitary tumor or aneurysm of A$A6.
? Bni"atera" "oss of nasa" visua" @e"d 0macu"ar re#ion6 1"atera" dama#e at chiasm +hich is a oss of $ncrosse#*%ers 0$ause: carotid aneurysm6.
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Lesions in Vis$a &ath'a
• Blindness/scotoma a
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Lesions in Vis$a &ath'a
• Blindness/scotoma sparing centra vis$a *e# in each eye(Mac$ar sparing +e!ianopia" 1 "esion invo"vin# Vis$acorte.
? Bsua""y resu"t in incomp"ete visua" "oss +9 macu"ar sparin#.
The macu"ar re#ion is disproportionate"y represented in the
corte/, so an incomp"ete disruption of function is "i5e"y to a""o+
some macu"ar vision to remain.
? $ommon vascu"ar "esions: P$A or M$A
? !esions:
? Superior Cuadrant Anopsia 1 /eo' ca"carine @ssure? 'nferior Cuadrant Anopsia 1 A%ove ca"carine @ssure
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Lesions in Vis$a &ath'a
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