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Part 4: Human ImpactsPart 4: Human Impacts

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Human’s Impacts on Human’s Impacts on EnvironmentEnvironment

1. Cause of human’s impacts1. Cause of human’s impacts

2. Global changes2. Global changes

3. Biodiversity loss3. Biodiversity loss

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Human consumption caused Human consumption caused environmental problemsenvironmental problems

Water consumptionWater consumptionLand use demandLand use demandEnergy consumptionEnergy consumptionFood productionFood production

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World Water Supply World Water Supply

Water available for human useWater available for human use• Freshwater = 3% of total water on Freshwater = 3% of total water on

earthearth• Only 0.003% readily available Only 0.003% readily available

freshwaterfreshwater

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Water withdrawal by useWater withdrawal by use

Domestic purpose = 8%Domestic purpose = 8% Industrial purpose = 23%Industrial purpose = 23%Agricultural purpose = 69%Agricultural purpose = 69%

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Using dams to supply more Using dams to supply more water:water:

To capture an store water from To capture an store water from rain and melting snowrain and melting snow

To produce hydroelectric powerTo produce hydroelectric powerTo provide water for irrigationTo provide water for irrigationTo improve flood control systemTo improve flood control systemTo provide recreational activitiesTo provide recreational activities

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Disadvantages of dams:Disadvantages of dams:

Loss of water through Loss of water through evaporationevaporation

Cause of earthquakeCause of earthquakeEcological biodiversity lossEcological biodiversity lossDisruption of fish migrationDisruption of fish migrationReduction of nutrient-rich silt to Reduction of nutrient-rich silt to

river mouthriver mouth

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Land use demandLand use demand

Land on earthLand on earth

• 51% not usable land51% not usable land

• 21% usable land21% usable land

• 28% potential usable for cropland 28% potential usable for cropland and grazing landand grazing land

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Agriculture practices caused the Agriculture practices caused the increase of land use demand.increase of land use demand.

Urbanisation increased the rate Urbanisation increased the rate of land use change.of land use change.

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Energy consumptionEnergy consumption

Non-renewable energyNon-renewable energy• Fossil fuels, natural gas, coalFossil fuels, natural gas, coal

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Renewable energyRenewable energy

Solar energySolar energy• Active solar heating systemActive solar heating system– to absorb solar energy and be used to absorb solar energy and be used

directly and the rest can be stored in directly and the rest can be stored in insulated tanks insulated tanks

• Passive solar heating systemPassive solar heating system– to capture sunlight directly within a to capture sunlight directly within a

structure and converts it into low-temp structure and converts it into low-temp heat for space heatingheat for space heating

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Solar cell electricity generatingSolar cell electricity generating• Photovoltaic panels on roofPhotovoltaic panels on roof–Sunlight creates an direct current Sunlight creates an direct current

(DC) electric current and can be (DC) electric current and can be stored in batterystored in battery–DC electricity needs to convert to DC electricity needs to convert to

alternating current (AC).alternating current (AC).

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Geothermal energy from earth’s Geothermal energy from earth’s mantle can be usedmantle can be used• for space heatingfor space heating

• to produce electricity or high-temp to produce electricity or high-temp heat for industrial processes. heat for industrial processes.

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Wind energyWind energy

• The use of wind to produce The use of wind to produce electricity in the potential areaelectricity in the potential area

• The wind farms emit no heat trapping The wind farms emit no heat trapping COCO22 or other air pollutants and no or other air pollutants and no

need water cooling.need water cooling.

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Biomass energy is an advisable Biomass energy is an advisable energy option.energy option.

14% of the world’s energy 14% of the world’s energy 35% of the energy used in 35% of the energy used in

developing countries for domestic developing countries for domestic consumption (heating and cooking)consumption (heating and cooking)• Solid biomassSolid biomass• Liquid or gaseous biofuelsLiquid or gaseous biofuels

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Food productionFood productionFish productionFish production• 70% of fish catch from ocean70% of fish catch from ocean

• 1/3 of the world fish harvest is not 1/3 of the world fish harvest is not consumed directly by humans and is consumed directly by humans and is used as animal feed, fish meal and used as animal feed, fish meal and oils.oils.

Grain productionGrain production• Rice, wheat and corn are major grain Rice, wheat and corn are major grain

for 2/3 world population.for 2/3 world population.

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Livestock productionLivestock production• Meat production increased 29% Meat production increased 29%

from 1950-1996.from 1950-1996.

• Meat-based diet of people in Meat-based diet of people in developed and developing developed and developing countries has effects on resource countries has effects on resource use, environmental degradation, use, environmental degradation, pollution and disease.pollution and disease.

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Cause of human’s Cause of human’s impactsimpacts

DeforestationDeforestationOver harvestingOver harvestingOver consumptionOver consumptionLow efficient food productionLow efficient food productionUnsustainable technologyUnsustainable technology

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ConclusionsConclusions

What should human do for the futureWhat should human do for the future??• Reduce human populationReduce human population• Change of consumer behaviourChange of consumer behaviour• Reduce environmental problemsReduce environmental problems