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Funzionalit e applicazioni di droni in campo navale
Ing. Laura Occhiodoro
Il quadro normativo per la certificazione di Remotely Operated
Vessels
Rules for the Certification of Remotely Piloted Vessels
rev. 1 Implementation of the Code
RINA Services has published in 2015 the first issue of Rules for thecertification of Remotely Piloted Vessels
RINA Services during year 2016 has amended the Rules for the certification ofRemotely Piloted Vessels
RINA Services has certified the Unmanned Surface Vessel intended to beoperated by ARPA Umbria in the Trasimeno Lake for environmental monitoring.
RINA Services is in touch with some Manufacturers of Remotely Piloted Vesselsfor the certification of new prototypes
Rules for the Certification of Remotely Piloted Vessels apply to remotely piloted
vessels intended for research activities, specialized operations or experimental
activities. In the new rev.1 have been extended the typologies of activities such as:
surveillance of land or installations, environmental monitoring, agricultural use,
photogrammetric activities, bathymetric surveys, water chemic/physic/bio data
acquisition, sampling collection, current/stream flow measuremen, equipment
positioning etc
Pilot always present and responsible for navigation control
Some operations may be set to be done automatically. It is still under discussion
the implementation of the requirement for the automatic operation of the
Remotely Operated Vessels
Purpose of the Rules
Up to 10 meters length (Loa). In rev.1 has been added
a new categorization of the RPV These Rules contains
different requirements for remotely piloted vessels up
to 2,5m or 45 kg (man portable) and for remotely
piloted vessels of more than 2,5m and 45 kg (light and
heavy weight).
Operating on lakes and similar inland waters or in sea
only in sheltered areas. In the rev.1 has been added a
new categorization of the waters of operation of RPV
These Rules contains different requirements for
remotely piloted vessels operating in navigable or
swimming waters and remotely piloted vessels
operating in waters not accessible except by properly
trained personnel (such as water basin).
Fields of application
Speed up to 4 knots
Propulsion: batteries and traditional in water
propeller. In rev. 1 has been added the possibility to
have other type of propellers The use of air
propellers may be taken into consideration. The
propeller (in air and in water) have to be provided
with protective grid. Also other type of energy
source Other type of propulsion (i.e. hybrid
propulsion) will be evaluated individually taking into
consideration what required for this type of
propulsion in RINA Rules for Ships as far as practicable
and applicable for this type of vessels and their use
and area of operation.
Fields of application
Specific limitations may be given to the vessel
The possibility to carry cargo will be evaluated
The operations close to ports or other congested
areas are to be conducted in VLOS-Visual Line OfSight
Limitations
First issue
Rev.1
The Certificate of Compliance is to be intended as valid
for a single unit and the reference identifying the vessel
is to be indicated in the Certificate.
The Certificate of Compliance is to be intended as a
Type Approval valid for the model. If no significant
modifications are carried out on the model the Type
Approval has validity a of 5 years. If significant
modifications are carried out after the relevant
verifications a new Type Approval is to be issued. The
procedure of the renewal of the Type Approval has to be
agreed with RINA.
Type of Certification
Certification ofEquipment
Pollution prevention
The equipment fitted on remotely piloted vessels is
to be type approved by RINA or provided with a
certificate in accordance with other national or
international standards recognized by RINA
The vessel is to comply with the environmental rules
applicable to vessels operating in its area of
operations
Certification of equipment and pollution prevention
Surveys are to be carried out according to the RINA Rules
The equipment dedicated to the remote operation is yearly subject to:
visual inspection
electric and electronic verifications
Surveys for the issue and maintenance of the certificate of compliance
Hull
Stability
The hull strength is to be verified in accordance with ISO 12215 or
the RINA Rules for the Classification of ships made in composite
material, aluminium or wood, as applicable
Equipment for the service of the RPV: located above the deck in
the part of the vessel not included in the stability buoyancy or in
the WT hull
Hull is to be fully watertight with no openings
The operative apparatus: located inside the
deckhouse/superstructure as high as possible above the
deck/platform or inside the WT hull
The stability may be assessed using:
ISO 12217-1 for motor vessels over 6 meters in length
ISO 12217-3 for motor vessels of less than 6 meters Satisfy the ultimate survivability principle
The minimum stability and freeboard are to take into
consideration the presence of one person (rev.1 only for RPV >
2,5m or 45 kg)
Electric propulsion supplied by batteries (or hybrid)
The propulsion engines systems:
at least two
fully independent
An emergency shut off of the engines and all the equipment is to be foreseen on board
The emergency source for electrical power is to supply essential equipment (e.g
navigation lights)
The capacity of batteries is to be suitable for a typical mission and way back to the
harbor/land
The status of the batteries and the residual capacity of the remotely piloted vessel is
to be shown in the GCS-Ground Control Station
An alarm of the approaching discharge of batteries is to be given to the pilot
Propulsion
The navigability and maneuverability are to be tested by means of navigation tests
The test is to be carried out where the remotely piloted vessel is intended to sail (see new
operative areas) or in a similar environment
Turning test: into the current the anchor may be used, in the other tests the anchorcannot be used
Stopping capacity: the vessel is to be able to stop facing downstream in good timewhile remaining adequately maneuverable
The vessel is to be able to:
sail astern against the current
take evasive action in reasonable time
turn in a reasonable time
Maneuverability
Steering is to permit maneuverability required by the Rules
Powered steering system are to be so designed that the mechanism intended for steering
cant change position unintentionally
Avoid the spread of water-pollution lubricants
Power operated steering apparatus is to be duplicated
The steering systems: hydraulic or electric
Where steering and propulsion are integrated in the same system, a single failure is not to
put one of the two services out of order
Steering
Redundancy of controls is to be provided
A failure of the remote control is not to make the remotely piloted vessel exit the
SFZ-Sail Fence Zone
If the remotely piloted vessel goes out of the SFZ it will perform the following task:
1. The system sends a warning message to the GCS-Ground ControlStation
2. The system goes into Safe Condition
The pilot is to have the possibility to disable the function in case of special
procedures.
Requirements for remote control - 1
Controls of propulsion engine, systems for stopping and systems necessary to carry out the service of the vessel
The system for stopping navigation is to be independent of other control system
A failure of the stopping system is not to create the loss of the main control and command
system
In case of manually operated remotely piloted vessels, possible failures are:
1. Failure of Ground Control Station
2. Failure of the data link
3. Failure of the autopilot system
In case of failure, the remotely piloted vessel is to gradually stop in safety inside the SFZ
Failure in the remote control: system is to automatically switch to the Safe Condition
Automatic or manual device to arrest the navigation
Requirements for remote control - 2
Controls of propulsion engine, systems for stopping and systems necessary to carry out the service of the vessel
The data link is to ensure the execution of the functions of Command and Control
with the necessary continuity and reliability
The data link has to permit:
1. Command and Control of the remotely piloted vessel
2. Activation of the system to stop the remotely piloted vessel manually
The functioning of the data link is to be demonstrated in the electromagnetic
environment where its expected to work and together with the possible radio link
Radio link between the remotely piloted vessel and the ground station
Requirements for remote control - 3
Data link
The remotely piloted vessel is to have at least two links
In case of failure of both the main links, the remotely piloted vessel is to:
1. Stop operations and shut off the propulsion
2. If, after 60 seconds or less, the radio signal is not restored, the remotely
piloted vessel is to set itself automatically in the safe condition dropping
anchor when possible, otherwise keeping the position using the dynamic
positioning system
Requirements for remote control - 4
Data link
Structural fire protection: Attention is paid on the type of fire divisions to be ofcertified type depending on the vessel characteristics.
Systems: In the enclosed spaces, according to the fire risk and vessel dimensions, afixed fire-extinguishing system, may be fitted.
Fixed-systems to be remotely operated. For RPV of more than 2,5m and 45 kg a
portable fire extinguisher is to be fitted.
Fire protection
Safety systems
Safety system, visibility and indication, navigation lights and equipment
Electronic system capable of detecting static or moving
obstacles ( rev. 1 for RPV operating in navigable or swimming
waters that are not innocuous). When this system detects an
obstacle it is to:
1. Activate an acoustic alarm
2. Shut off the propulsion system
3. Reduce the headway
In case of failure of the system to detect the obstacle:
1. set automatically in the Safe Condition
The hull appendices are to be reduced
The remotely piloted vessel is to be efficiently lighted
Visibility and indication
Navigation lights, sound and equipment
Adequatly unobstructed view in all directions from
the remote position with the aid of the video camera
One submergible system is to be fitted to give
visibility under water
Rev.1 relaxations for RPV of less than 2,5 m or 45 kg
Navigation lights and sound are to be in accordance
with applicable Rules.
Rev.1 relaxations for RPV of less than 2,5 m or 45 kg
Safety system, visibility and indication, navigation lights and equipment
Operating Manual
Maintenance
All remotely piloted vessels are to be provided with
an Operating Manual or equivalent document
The remotely piloted vessel operator is to estabilish a
proper maintenance program
Only the manufacturer or other organizatiod
recognized by the the manufacturer are autorized to
carry out maintenace of their remotely piloted vessels
Industry and Regulatory framework
Rules are at the service of the industry
New technologies require and stimulate the upgrading of the regulatory framework
Cooperation between regulatory bodies and industry has the goal to enhance
performance, reliability and safety of certified products
Forthcoming upgrading of RINA Rules
Forthcoming upgrading of RINA Rules:
From floating remotely piloted vessels to submergible remotely piloted
vessels ( autonomous undewater vehicles )
New requirements for automatic operation will be implemented
New requirements for rescue purposes
Industry and Regulatory framework
FUNZIONALIT E APPLICAZIONI DI DRONI IN CAMPO NAVALE
Il quadro normativo per la certificazione di Remotely OperatedVessels
VESSELCLASS
>10 m> 4 kts
> 2.5 m> 45 kg
ENVIRONMENTRISK LEVEL
waters not accessible except by properly trained
personnel
navigable or swimming
waters
POSSIBLERELAXATION OF
SOME REQUIREMENTS
OBSTACLE AVOIDANCE
RiversCreeks
Canals
QuerryLakes
Dam Basins
Alpin Lakes
Large Lakes
Very Large Rivers
Sea in Summer
A tailored rule ....
TechnologyQualification (TQ)
Innovation is the catalyst for growth
A novel technology is fit for purpose when it meets the specified
requirements for its intended service
in terms not only of safety, but also of functionality, reliability,
availability, performance and maintainability
Novel technologies are not adequately covered by established codes,
procedures and practices
Fill the gap: verify and certify fitness for purpose through Technology
Qualification
Why do we need Technology Qualification?
Mainly to satisfy banks and insurances
In the current credit crunch a novel technology is seen by investors as a
high risk
Technology Qualification: independent third party certification to reduce
this risk
Not only for banks and insurances
Novel Technology
No documented track record for a defined application
Application of both a proven technology in a new environment and an
unproven technology in a known environment
Classification from 1 to 4 according to the degree of novelty, which implies
growing uncertainties and complexity and need of deeper analyses and tests
TQ process [1]
Qualification basisCriteria to be fulfilled by the novel technology, in terms of:
Operational conditions and limitations
Functional requirements
Safety, reliability, availability and maintainability
WHEN THESE CRITERIA ARE ACHIEVED WITHIN A REASONABLE LEVEL OF RISK, THE NOVEL TECHNOLOGY IS FIT FOR PURPOSE
Technology assessment Division of the technology into subsystems and components
Assessment of the level of novelty
Identification of challenges and uncertainties
TQ process [2]
Risk analysis: to evaluate the level of risk Hazard Identification
Risk assessment and ranking (tolerable, reasonable, unacceptable)
Risk control options (engineering) Review of the design
Detection
Control
Mitigation of consequences
Escape, evacuation and rescue
Functionality Assessment
Technology Qualification Certificate
TQ certificate covers:
Safety
Fitness for service
Functionality
Verification of compliance with Client-defined targets
Present: Case by case basis
Future goals
Navigation authorization
Operation only in confined areas
Local Coast Guard authorization
Skills and licence of Operator, Remote Pilot and Remote
Observer
National regulatory framework for operation in national
marine sheltered areas
National Regulatory framework for the issue and
maintenance of operators licence and skills
Authorization as an additional ships equipment to be
used in emergency operations in national or international
waters
In Italy and abroad ....
Local Authorities normally ask the compliance to a technical rule for RPV or
proceed directly with the tecnical approval of the vessel.
RINA Rules for Remotely Piloted Vessels is applicable worldwide by all the
offices in Italy and abroad if authorized by the Local Authority of the waters
where the RPV is supposed to sail.
Other IACS classification society started the development of rules for
remotely piloted vessels (for now only air craft)
FUNZIONALIT E APPLICAZIONI DI DRONI IN CAMPO NAVALE
Il quadro normativo per la certificazione di Remotely OperatedVessels
Thank youfor your attention