Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes

8/6/2019 Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes

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FUNDAMENTALS AND TECHNOLOGY

TREATMENT OF LIQUID WASTES

E. Ravindranath

Department of Environmental Technology,

Central Leather Research Institute

Chennai 600 020


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ENERGY

biogas

FOOD

ANAEROBICWASTEWATERTREATMENT

Industrial, domestic

SLURRIESsewage slurries

s pon s

water forreuse

ANAEROBICDIGESTION

qu manure

SOLID WASTES

manure (solid)refuse

TREATMENTMETHODS

liquideffluents

water for

discharge

STABILIZEDSLUDGETYPES OF BIOMASS

energy crops

recovery of

fertilizers

NH4+ salts

PO43- salts

irrigation,fertilization

recovery ofelemental

S

conditioning

FOOD RAW MATERIAL

FOOD

LIQUID AND SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT


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AEROBIC PROCESS

H2O


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UNIT OPERATIONS

a) Physical unit operations

c) Biological unit operations


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Typical Flow Diagram of Treatment Plant


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Biological processes for wastewater treatment

Aerobic processes

Sus ended rowth Activated-slud e rocess

Aerated lagoonsAerobic digestion

Attached growth Trickling filter

Rotating biological contractors

Packed-bed reactors

Anaerobic processes

Sus ended rowth Anaerobic contact rocesses

Attached growth Anaerobic digestion

bed

Hybrid Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket


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Biological treatment systems adopted

ANAEROBIC

ep c an Anaerobic lagoon Anaerobic filter UASB

AEROBIC

Activated slud e rocess Oxidation ditch Oxidation pond Aerobic lagoon


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AEROBIC REACTOREnergy

Escapes

100 kwh Power

required

g

COD

10-20 kg

COD

20-40 kgSludge

185 kwhEnergy recovered

ANAEROBIC REACTOR

100 kgCOD

20-30 kgCOD

5-10 kg

Sludge


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ADVANTAGES OF ANAEROBIC

ow energy cos

Less bio-mass generation

Less solid waste to dispose

Less N&P requirement

ess space requ re Off-gas air pollution eliminated


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LAGOON

LAND AREA REQUIRED IS HIGH

PERIODICAL CLEANING REQUIRED LESS EFFICIENT


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Complex organic material

Acidogenesis

Fatty acids

(C>2)

Acetogenesis

AcetateH + CO

Methanogenesis Methanogenesis

Sulfate

reductionCH4+CO2 Sulfate

reduction

H2S+CO2

Flow Chart: Anaerobic Digestion of Sulfate Rich Waste


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HYDROLYSIS

In the hydrolysis step largeor anic molecules such asproteins, poly-saccharides and

fats are de raded into smalland soluble componentssu ars amino-acids fatt

acids) by enzymes excreted byfermentative bacteria.


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compounds are converted into a-,

compounds: volatile fatty acids, ,

butyric acid, etc., alcohols,

, , , ,NH3. New biomass is also formed.


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Products of the acidification step can

be converted into acetate, H2 and CO2by acetogenic bacteria. New biomass ism w . n n

rates applied in the treatment of

concentrations of the products ofacidogenesis and acetogenesis are only

present in very low concentrations.


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METHANOGENESIS

decomposition, the products of the, 2

and CO2, formic acid and methanol

CO2 as well as new biomass. In

-takes place.


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ATTACHED GROWTH ANAEROBICREACTOR

Upflow contact filter

Fluidized Bed Reactor


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Anaerobic Lagoon

Up flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket

UASB


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DEVELOPMENT OF ANAERPIC REACTORS

1. Septic Tank

2. Imhoff Tank

3. Single stage anaerobic reactors

.

5. Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor

6. Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket


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O U T L E T C H A M B E R

O U T L E T P I P E

I N L E T C H A M B E R

C O V E R S L A B W I T H M A N H O L E

I N L E T P I P E

F I G 1 S E P T I C T A N K

I N L E T P I P E

F I G 2 I M H O F F T A N K


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F I G 3 A N A E R O B I C F I L T E R S

B I O F I L M / M E D I AS E P A R A T O R

B I O P A R T I C L E

F I G 4 A N A E R O B I C F L U I D I Z E D B E D R E A C T O R


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F IG 5 U P F L O W A N A E R O B I C S L U D G E B L A N K E T

F IG 6 G L S S E P A R A T O R


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UASB


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UASB REACTOR

LD in UASB Reactor 5 5.5 m -

Sludge Production COD x 0.75x 0.08

rgan c oa ng ra e . - g m ay

Biogas yield 0.20 0.25 m3/kg of

COD removed Hood width 0.45m


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REACTOR

Flow 10MLD .

COD Conc. 700 mg/L

oa g ay


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REACTOR VOLUME BASED

ON ORGANIC LOADING

Vol. of Reactor :

------------------------------------3

------- = 4666 m3

1.5


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REACTOR VOLUME BASED

ON HYDRAULIC RETENTION

Vol. of Reactor :

ow x

x x

----------------

24= 4166 m3


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REACTOR

Area of the reactor:

Volume

----------Height

= 933 m2


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THE REACTOR

Area of the reactor:

Area 933

---------- = ------Width 16

Length = 58 m


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NUMBER OF REACTORS

Assuming 1:2 ratio Divide the length of the

eac or n o wo

Fix the length of the reactor as 32 m The length of the reactor may be in the

multiples of four

Size of each reactor: 3


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Design of GLS separator

Assume 4 m centre to centre gas dome

Assume 18% aperture length

Width of the Gas collector: 4 x 0.82 = 3.28 m Angle of Gas dome: 450


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Design of GLS separator

Overlap 0.15 mm

Width of Gas Dome: 0.45 m

Length of projection: 1.41 m


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FEED INLET ARRANGEMENTS


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FEED INLET POINT & DEFLECTOR BEAM


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RC


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WATERRECOVERY

NOTCONSIDERED

1. CONVENTIONAL LAGOON SYSTEM

IS CONSIDERED

IFI

2. FULLY AEROBIC SYSTEM

DISPOSED

3. COMBINED TREATMENT WITH UASBPST : PRIMARY SETTLING TANK

SST : SECONDARY SETTLING TANK(PROPOSED FOR CETP

AT PERUNDURAI)

:

SDWS : SLUDGE DEWATERING SYSTEM

SEP : SOLAR EVAPORATION PANS

(FOR WATERRECOVERY)

TAN NERY EFFLUENT T REATM ENT SYSTEMS


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CLRI, CHENNAI , INDIA

FLOW DIAGRAM OF PIL OT SCALE SULFUR RECOVERY UNIT


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SULPHUR RECOVERY UNIT


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Post Aerobic Treatment is required(one day polishing pond for sewage).

T m lif rm l v l in h reffluent maturation pond or chemicalr m n i r ir .


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THANK YOU

Fundamentals and Technology Options for the Anaerobic Treatment of Liquid Wastes

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