Fundamentals in Anaerobic Digestion

8/18/2019 Fundamentals in Anaerobic Digestion

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Fundamentals in Anaerobic Digestion

First steps in developing a project

Tom Knitter

SEI - Renewable Energy Information Office

22nd October, Tullamore


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SEI REIO - Background

• Created in 199, ba!ed in Clona"ilty, #e!t Cor"

• E!tabli!$ed to %romote t$e u!e of renewablere!ource! and %ro&ide independent information and

ad&ice on t$e financial, !ocial and tec$nical i!!ue!

relating to renewable energy de&elo%ment'

•

2(() *warded +e!t Euro%ean RE *gency by t$e EC


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Outline

•

Fundamentals in Anaerobic Digestion

– Utiliation!basics

– "ec#nical re$uirements

– %#ecklist developing a project

– Upgrading Biogas to Biomet#ane

• SEI&s grant Aid and provided In'ormation


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Biolog(

• ) digestion steps b( di''erenten(mes and bacteria *it#outo+(gen

• Bacteria in last step ,et#ane

'ormation. most sensitive – pH-Value (fatty acids), temperature

• "emperature – Mesophilic: 38 – 42 °

– !hermophilic: "" – #" °

Source / F0R


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%omposition Biogas

Average composition o'biogas

$ppm: %arts per millio&' - ol*: olumetric perce&ta+e

12 3 124222 ppm51S5(drogen sulp#ide

6 7 8 - vol4515(drogen

6 7 8 - vol4059Ammonia

6 1 8 - vol4010itrogen

6 1 8 - vol4O1O+(gen

1 - : 8 - vol451O;ater vapour

1< - )< 8 - vol4%O1%arbon dio+ide


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Biogas 3 an Energ( all-rounder

1

Source/ IEA


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FeedstockSource/ =erman Biogas Association


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Feedstock (ield

7 5ouse#old

)222 k;# el4!a

)222 k;# t#4!a


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Feedstock (ield

7 5ouse#old

)222 k;# el4!a

)222 k;# t#4!a

> %o*s ? 772 t!a

Slurr(

or

7) t!a 'res# =rass

silage

or

7> t!a 'ood *aste

?


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AD processes

• "emperature – Mesophilic

• 38 – 42 °

–

!hermophilic• "" – #" °

• Feedstock

– Mo&o-di+estio&• &e feedstoc.

– o-di+estio&• /eeral feedstoc.

• @lant design!S(stem – 0atch

• 1ara+e system

–

o&ti&uous• Mii&+, pumpi&+

• Digestion –

ry• ry feedstoc. (2" M)

– 5et• Mai&ly 6et feedstoc.


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AD processes

• "emperature – Mesophilic

• 38 – 42 °

–

!hermophilic• "" – #" °

• Feedstock

– Mo&o-di+estio&• &e feedstoc.

– o-di+estio&• /eeral feedstoc.

• @lant design!S(stem – 0atch

• 1ara+e system

–

o&ti&uous• Mii&+, pumpi&+

• Digestion –

ry• ry feedstoc. (2" M)

– 5et• Mai&ly 6et feedstoc.


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Biogas @lants


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Biogas plant sc#eme

Source/ 5aase


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"ec#nical re$uirements

•

ain %omponents/

– Sorting!screening s(stems ,organic *aste. – Digester – i+er!agitator –

@umps – Feeding s(stems 'or solid biomass – %ombined 5eat and @o*er ,%5@.

• %omponents must be suitable 'or 'eedstock


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Sorting!screening,organic *aste.


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Digester t(pes

•

Vertical di+ester – iffere&t hei+hts, diameter

– /eeral di+esters7sta+espossile

• %lu+ flo6 di+ester – Hori9o&tal shaft

– Hi+h or+a&ic loadi&+ rate• ry di+estio&

• omi&atio& plu+ flo6ertical di+ester – !6o (seeral) sta+es


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Digester t(pes

• 0atch system – 1ara+e

– o mii&+, pumpi&+

Source/ Bekon


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Agitators t(pes,%ontinuous s(stem.


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@umps t(pes


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Feeding s(stems


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%5@ Unit 'or Biogas

• odi'ied =as- or Diesel-engines – "; – 2;;; .5 i&stalled capacity – perati&+ imit alues of oi+as-compo&e&ts7lue oil(f*e* H2/, H3' !0, idatio& etc*)

– esi+& of the pla&t?


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Developing an AD plant

Developing a project is a long process

444

Operating t#e plant/ ;#at is m( motivation 'or installing!operating a plant ;#o is operating t#e plant ,1)!: supervision necessar(.

Source/ =erman BiogasAssociation


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• Availabilit( and amount/ – 5hat do @ hae, ho6 much do @ hae or ca& @ +etA – stale amou&t oer &et mo&ths, year(s)A

• =ate 'ee!price – /tale for the &et yearsA – osts calculated realistically

• Regulations ,AB@C *aste permit.

• ualit( – gas (ield!speci'ic gas productionC dr( matterC organic dr( matter

• "; - B;; .5 feedstoc. is &ecessary to operate a pla&t ialy (list 6esite?) – epe&di&+ hi+hly o& @&estme&t, +ate fee7price, ru&&i&+ costs etc*

Siing %5@ unit

Siing t#e plant and components!tec#ni$ue

Developing an AD projectFeedstock


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Indication Siing an AD plant

•

1 basic main parameters/ – Retention "ime: 3" – 8; days

• feedstoc. remai&s i& mai& di+ester(s)

• Volume di+ester diided y i&put per day – 3; t /lurry7day (app* #; .5), C! 3" days D B;"; m3

– Organic oading Rate: E 4*; - 4*" .+ oM7m37d

• Ho6 much or+a&ic dry matter (oM) added per m3 perd

• erload system7tech&iFue7iolo+y

OR ,kg oD!,m9 d.?

– 3; t7d ;*B; oM7t D 3;;; .+7B;"; m3 D 2*G .+7m3d

–

R" and OR depending on 'eedstock and plant s(stem

Organic dr( material added dail( ,kg oD!d.

0et volume digester ,m9.


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%#ecklist developing project

•

Starting @lanning ,e+tract.=et in contact *it# local aut#orities

public consultation

– 5hich pla&&i&+ re+ulatio&s7le+islatio&• Ce+ulated y local authority (pla&&i&+ permissio&)

– 5hat is the co&te&t of this permissio&7le+islatio&A

– %ossile locatio& of pla&t• Heat dema&d, heat usa+e (6hoA), reside&tial area

– %la&t i&te+ratio& i& eisti&+ farm7&et6or.7i&frastructure – 1rid co&&ectio&, dista&ce


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%#ecklist developing a project

•

Supplier!developer o' plant components plant design

– =perie&ce, trac. record, reputatio& (fi&a&ci&+?)

– /imilar7same refere&ce-pla&ts +et i& co&tact• ho6 6ell 6ere these performi&+ duri&+ the last yearsA

– /uitale eFuipme&t a&d desi+& for feedstoc. (cha&+i&+?)

– ompare supplier7deeloper• %rice, Cecomme&ded pla&t desi+&7dime&sio&

– >C, C!, di+esters• !rai&i&+s• 5arra&ty, after sales, mai&te&a&ce• Ii&d out perati&+ costs?


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Developing an AD plant

• Financial projection – ;#at is t#e availabilit( o' t#e plant ,up to G122 #r!a.

– ;#at is m( income• /elli&+ electricity7heat, /ai&+ heat• 1ate fee, alue fertili9er

–;#at are m( costs

• @&estme&t (3";; – "";; =uro7.5) – >oa&s, i&terest

• @&sura&ce, Jdmi&istratio&• perati&+7ru&&i&+ pla&t

– >aor, Mai&te&a&ce, spare parts, o&sulta&ts – /ampli&+, testi&+, mea&s

– %omparing income and cost in ct!k;#

• %#ecklist on *ebsite/

#ttp/!!***4sei4ie!Rene*ables!Bioenerg(!AnaerobicHDigestion 7


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Upgrading Biogas

• Upgrading to Biomet#ane – H4 co&te&t from ";-#; to G" (&atural +as)

• Utiliation – @&Kectio& +as-+rid –

Lsi&+ as a ehicle fuel (&atural +as e&+i&e) – riteria of product +as

• 5oe-@&de, calorific alue• H4, 2 co&c*, 5ater

• According IEA upgrading Biogas in earl(

commercial stage

• 5ig# amount o' 'eedstock necessar( ,app4 9;el4.


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Je#icle 'uel and production costs

@roduction costs li$uidbio'uels

Source/ F0RC eo %onsulting


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Upgrading "ec#ni$ue

•

%leaning and upgrading Biogas

– ;ater ,alread( AD.• 1as ooli&+

– 51S ,alread( AD.• har coal etc*

– %O1• /cruer

– 5ater – Jmi&e

• %/J (%ressure s6i&+ adsorptio&)


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•

=rant @rogramme Biomass %5@!ADH%5@/

– >au&ched a&uary 2;;8, uratio& =&d of 2;B;

– /upported !ech&olo+ies: 0iomass H% a&d JNH%

– @&dicatie 0ud+et of OPQRS

• =rant support/

– 1ra&t support of up to 4; of the Ieasiility study (H% pro+ramme)

– 1ra&t of up to 3; of eli+ile costs7@&estme&t costs

– ost cap o& eli+ile costs defi&ed i& pro+ramme

– @&dicatie +ra&t cap per proKect OUP SWXXWYZ

=rant programme Biomass%5@!ADH%5@


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•

Eligible projects& c#aracteristics ,e+tract./

– e6 iomass H%7JNH% i&stalled i& Co@

– %rimary e&er+y sai&+s (%=/)• Ior EB M5e %=/ ;• Ior [BM5e %=/ B;

– Hi+h efficie&cy H% complyi&+ 6ith =L H% irectie 2;;4787=

• Eligible costs ,e+tract./

– =Fuipme&t (e*+* prime moer, fuel supply, processi&+ a&d stora+e)

– Mecha&ical7electrical co&&ectio&s of pla&t items

– /pecified uildi&+ a&d ciil e&+i&eeri&+ 6or.

Biomass %5@!ADH%5@


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@rogramme details

Application =uide and Application Form/

Biomass %5@!ADH%5@/ ***4sei4ie!bioHc#pgrants

%5@ Feasibilit( Stud(/ ***4sei4ie!=rants!%5@!

In'ormation/ ***4sei4ie!Rene*ables!Bioenerg(!

Rene*able Energ( RDKD/ ***4sei4ie see LgrantsM

http://www.sei.ie/bio_chpgrantshttp://www.sei.ie/bio_chpgrantshttp://www.sei.ie/Grants/CHP/http://www.sei.ie/http://www.sei.ie/http://www.sei.ie/http://www.sei.ie/http://www.sei.ie/Grants/CHP/http://www.sei.ie/bio_chpgrantshttp://www.sei.ie/bio_chpgrants


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Furt#er AD in'ormation

• @rovided AD In'ormation

– %alculator• @&put7feedstoc., typical +as yields• alculati&+ mai& operati&+ parameter, +as yields, .5h el* !h*

– Cete&tio& time, or+a&ic loadi&+ rate

–

iterature '4 e+4 updated Englis#-5andbook

– %#ecklist developing a project

– =uide %onnection to t#e grid

– In'ormation Animal B( products

– Bioenerg( contacts!consultant listgetting registered

#ttp/!!***4sei4ie!Rene*ables!Bioenerg(!AnaerobicHDigestion


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%ontact

"#ank (ou

!om \&itter

/=@ - Ce&e6ale =&er+y @&formatio& ffice

L&it J, 5est or. !ech&olo+y %ar., lo&a.ilty

tom*.&itter]reio*ie;23-88 #323

Fundamentals in Anaerobic Digestion

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