Blood

BloodFunctionTransports substancesO2, CO2, hormones, waste, etc.Regulate pHRestrict fluid loss at injury siteDefense against pathogensStabilize body temperatureHematophobia = fear of blood

Make upIs a connective tissueHas 2 parts:Cells (rbc, wbc, platelets) = 45%Plasma (water, protein, amino acids..) = 55%

Hematocrit measurement of the blood volume by centrifuging a blood sample

Three types of Blood cellsRed blood cells (RBC) erythrocytes

White Blood cells (WBC) leukocytes

Platelets thrombocytes

Cells are made by hemopoiesis (in bone marrow)Cells are destroyed by phagocytosis in liver & spleen

Pg 382 1-3RBCsShape is a biconcave discThere are 5 million per cubic mmContain no nucleusLife span of 120 daysFunction of RBCsTransport oxygen and carbon dioxidePlenty of oxygen makes bright red blood oxyhemoglobinLow amount of O2 is bluish red- deoxyhemoglobin

Hemoglobin molecule that combines with oxygen

Iron is important to make hemoglobin

FormationTo make RBCs the body needs:Folic acidVitamin B12IronErythropoietin (kidney hormone) stimulates RBC production

Too few RBCs and you will have anemiaWBCsGeneral function is to protect the body against disease

There are 5 types of leukocytes (in 2 categories):Granulocytes (grainy cytoplasm)NeutrophilsEosinophilsBasophilsAgranulocytes (lack grainy cytoplasm):MonocytesLymphocytes

NeutrophilNucleus with several lobes

Active phagocytes forming 60% of WBCs

Present in pus of wounds

Life span 10 hrs.

BasophilProduces heparin and histaminesImportant in inflammatory reactionLess than 1% of WBC numbers

EosinophilMainly attack parasites marked with antibodies by releasing toxic compounds2% of WBCs

MonocyteLarger cell, horseshoe shaped nucleusBecome macrophagesAttract fibroblasts6%

LymphocyteNucleus is dark and takes up most of the cellDefense against invadersProduce antibodies30% of WBCs

Ranking WBCs from most common to least:Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas

Neutrophil 60%Lymphocyte 30%Monocyte 6%Eosinophil 2 %Basophil