FSD3001 EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2015 · EVA Survey on Finnish Values and...
Transcript of FSD3001 EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2015 · EVA Survey on Finnish Values and...
FSD3001
EVA Survey on Finnish Values andAttitudes 2015
Codebook
FINNISH SOCIAL SCIENCE DATA ARCHIVE
The bibliographic citation for this codebook:
EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2015 [codebook]. Finnish Social Science DataArchive [producer and distributor], 2018.
This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 (18.3.2015) of the data.
Finnish Social Science Data ArchiveFIN-33014 University of Tampere
FSD User Services:[email protected]+358 40 190 1442
Aila Data Service Portal:https://services.fsd.uta.fi/
Finnish Social Science Data Archivehttp://www.fsd.uta.fi/en/
$ Koodikirjoitin.py v36 @ 2018-07-20 14:34:43.336000 $
To the reader
This codebook is part of the data FSD3001 archived at the FSD (Finnish Social Science DataArchive).The dataset has been described in as much detail as possible in Finnish and English.Variable frequencies, variable and value labels, and missing values have been checked. If neces-sary, the data have been anonymised. The data and its creators shall be cited in all publicationsand presentations for which the data have been used. The bibliographic citation may be in theform suggested by the archive or in the form required by the publication. The bibliographiccitation suggested by the archive:
Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA): EVA Survey on Finnish Values andAttitudes 2015 [dataset]. Version 1.0 (2015-03-18). Finnish Social Science DataArchive [distributor]. http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi:fsd:T-FSD3001
The user shall notify the archive of all publications where she or he has used the data. Theoriginal data creators and the archive bear no responsibility for any results or interpretationsarising from the reuse of the data.
The codebook contains information on data content, structure and data collection, and includesa list of publications wholly or in part based on the data, according to publication informa-tion received by the FSD. The second part of the codebook contains information on variables:question texts, response options, and frequencies. The third part contains indexes.
Variable distributions presented in this codebook have been generated from the SPSS files. Dis-tribution tables present variable values, frequencies (n), frequency percentages (%), and validpercentages (v. %) which take into account missing data. All distributions are unweighted. If thedata contain weight variables, these will be found at the end of the variables list. In some casesfrequency distributions have been substituted by descriptive statistics. Categorised responsesto open-ended questions are not always included in the codebook. Distributions may containmissing data. The note "System missing (SYSMIS)" refers to missing observations (e.g. a re-spondent has not answered all questions) whereas "Missing (User missing)" refers to data theuser has defined as missing. For example, the user may decide to code answer alternatives ’don’twant to say’ or ’can’t say’ as missing data.
The codebook may contain attached files, the most common one being the questionnaire.
Contents
1 Study description 1
1.1 Titles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Subject description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.3 Structure and collection of the data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.4 Use of data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2 Variables 5
3 Indexes 91
3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
3.2 Variables in alphabetical order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101
A Questionnaire in Finnish 111
i
Chapter 1
Study description
1.1 Titles
Titles and data version: EVA Survey on Finnish Values and Attitudes 2015
Titles and data version in Finnish: EVAn kansallinen asennetutkimus 2015
This codebook has been generated from the version 1.0 (18.3.2015) of the data.
1.2 Subject description
Authoring entity
Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA)
Copyright statement for the data
According to the agreement between FSD and the depositor.
Depositor
Haavisto, Ilkka (Finnish Business and Policy Forum)
Date of deposit
11.2.2015
Keywords
businesses; decision making; European integration; health services; leadership; occupationallife; parliamentary elections; safety and security; taxation; well-being
1
1. Study description
Topic Classification
Fields of Science Classification: social sciences
CESSDA Classification: economic systems and development; political behaviour and atti-tudes; social behaviour and attitudes
Series description
The data belong to the series:
EVA Surveys on Finnish Values and Attitudes
Since 1984, the Finnish Business and Policy Forum (EVA) has conducted biennial surveysstudying changes in Finnish attitudes, values, and perceptions of the present and the future. Theseries, formerly known as Finnish National Attitudes, aims at measuring and analysing citizens’views on Finnish society. The data allow a detailed empirical analysis and systematic follow-upof change in public opinion. Each dataset contains both new themes and recurring themes withquestions repeated over the years.
Themes covered include democracy, market economy, welfare, environment, society and poli-tics, Finland’s international position, economic depression, economic growth, Finnish identity,and views on the future. The surveys are funded by EVA and have usually been carried outby Yhdyskuntatutkimus. The FSD collections also include surveys on values and attitudes ofcorporate executives (for example, FSD1091), in which some of the questions presented in thisseries have been repeated.
Abstract
The main themes of the survey were leadership, work, taxation and security of Finland.
First, the respondents were asked to what extent they agreed with a number of statements relat-ing to, for instance, political parties and the political system, science and technology, employ-ment, economic growth, taxation, changes in society, health care, environment, entrepreneur-ship, public services, Finland’s foreign relations, NATO membership, regulation of alcohol,social services, national debt, etc.
Regarding the parliamentary elections of 2015, the respondents were asked what the new gov-ernment should focus on (e.g. lowering taxation, increasing funding for education, crime pre-vention, cutting public expenditure) and how well certain characteristics and descriptions (e.g."patriotic, always promotes Finland’s interests") applied to the four prime minister candidates(Antti Rinne, Juha Sipilä, Timo Soini, Alexander Stubb). Opinions were charted on why Fin-land’s capacity for decision-making has been poor. Reasons mentioned included, for instance,the inexperience of decision-makers, politicians’ fear of media reaction and negative publicity,shift of decision-making to the EU, and the strong role of bureaucracy.
Regarding taxation, the respondents’ opinions were surveyed on statements about tax policy(e.g. "On the whole, taxation in Finland is too high", "Taxation should not be lowered if it leadsto weakening social security and public services") and which taxes should be increased and
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1.3. Structure and collection of the data
decreased. Views on the likelihood of certain future developments in occupational life wereinvestigated. The respondents were also asked which ways of increasing the amount of workdone in Finland they regarded acceptable in order to finance the welfare state (e.g. increasingweekly working hours, raising retirement age). Self-perceived health status and use of privateand public health services were surveyed as well as opinions on the quality of health services inFinland.
The respondents were asked how well certain characteristics/descriptions applied to Russia (e.g."good neighbour and associate", "centralised dictatorship"). Relating to the European Union,opinions were charted on Finland’s EU membership and the currency change to euro. The re-spondents were also asked whether the EMU membership and the euro were advantageous ordisadvantageous to Finland in the economic situation at the time of the survey, and whether theywould have voted for or against Finland’s EU membership if a referendum had been held at thetime of responding.
Background variables included the respondent’s gender, year of birth, region of residence (NUTS3),basic and vocational education, economic activity and occupational status, industry of employ-ment, political party choice if parliamentary elections were held at the time of survey, member-ship in a trade union, self-perceived social class, and number of inhabitants in the municipalityof residence.
1.3 Structure and collection of the data
Country: Finland
Geographic coverage: Finland
Analysis or observation unit type: Individual
Universe: People aged between 18 and 70 living in Finland, excluding the Åland Islands
Collection date: 9.1.2015 – 22.1.2015
Data collector(s): Taloustutkimus
Mode of data collection: Self-administered questionnaire: Web-based (CAWI)
Type of research instrument: Structured questionnaire
Time period covered: 2015
Time method of the data collection: Longitudinal: Trend/Repeated cross-section
Response rate: 23%
Number of variables and cases: The data contain 189 variables and 2056 cases.
Sampling procedure: Probability: Multistage
The Internet panel of Taloustutkimus, randomly drawn from Finland’s population register, con-sists of people aged 15-79 who have entered their demographic and sociographic informationwhen registering to the panel and have given their consent to Taloustutkimus to invite them toparticipate in different surveys. Answering any survey is voluntary and participants can leavethe panel any time they want.
The sample for this study was drawn from among the Taloustutkimus panel members, to be rep-
3
1. Study description
resentative of the 18-70-year-old Finnish population (excluding the Åland Islands) in terms ofage, gender, province of residence, education, economic activity and occupational status, indus-try of employment, and political party allegiance (what party would vote for in parliamentaryelections). The participants completed an interactive online questionnaire using a secure con-nection provided by Taloustutkimus. Reminder e-mails were sent twice to selected groups ofnon-respondents and to persons who had completed only a part of the questionnaire. The origi-nal survey population was supplemented by sending survey invitations to an additional sampleselected from the panel. The total number of respondents was 2,056 persons.
1.4 Use of data
Related publications
Apunen, Matti & Haavisto, Ilkka & Sipola, Johanna & Toivonen, Sarianna (2015). Ken onmaassa jämäkin? EVAn Arvo- ja asennetutkimus 2015. EVA Raportti 1/2015. Helsinki: Talousti-eto.
Erola, Marko & Haavisto, Ilkka & Hokkanen, Eveliina & Kauhanen, Antti & Koskinen, Seppo& Malm Lindberg, Henrik & Makkula, Janne & Vihriälä, Vesa (2018) [verkkodokumentti].Työn uudet ehdot raportti. Miten avaamme työmarkkinoiden umpisolmut? Helsinki: Elinkei-noelämän valtuuskunta. EVA Raportti. https://www.eva.fi/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/eva_raportti_tyon_uudet_ehdot.pdf[viitattu 29.6.2018]
Häkkinen, Sini (2016). Pakko-ottoja vai avain sivistykseen. Suomalaisten mielipiteet verotuksenoikeudenmukaisuudesta. Turku: Turun yliopisto. Valtio-opin kandidaatintutkielma.
Penttilä, Katariina (2017). Ympäristöhuolen muutos ja sukupuolittuneisuus Suomessa 1986 -2013. Tampere: Tampereen yliopisto. Sosiologian kandidaatin tutkielma.
Updated list of publications in the study description at
https://services.fsd.uta.fi/catalogue/FSD3001?lang=en&study_language=en
Location of the data collection
Finnish Social Science Data Archive
Weighting
The data contain a weight variable with which the data can be weighted to represent the Finnishpopulation aged 18-70 in terms of age, gender, province of residence, education, economicactivity and occupational status, industry of employment and political party allegiance.
Restrictions
The dataset is (B) available for research, teaching and study.
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Chapter 2
Variables
[FSD_NO] FSD study number
Question
FSD study number
Descriptive statistics
statistic valuenumber of valid cases 2056minimum 3001.00maximum 3001.00mean 3001.00standard deviation 0.00
[FSD_VR] FSD edition number
Question
FSD edition number
Descriptive statistics
statistic valuenumber of valid cases 2056minimum 2.00maximum 2.00mean 2.00standard deviation 0.00
5
2. Variables
[FSD_ID] FSD case id
Question
FSD case id
Descriptive statistics
statistic valuenumber of valid cases 2056minimum 1.00maximum 2056.00mean 1028.50standard deviation 593.66
[Q1_1] No party promotes issues that are important to me
Question
No party promotes issues that are important to me
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 157 7.6 7.6Agree to some extent 2 576 28.0 28.0Difficult to say 3 449 21.8 21.8Disagree to some extent 4 673 32.7 32.7Strongly disagree 5 201 9.8 9.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_2] Finland has gone too far into globalisation; from now on we shouldreturn our focus to national economy and politics
Question
Finland has gone too far into globalisation; from now on we should return our focus to nationaleconomy and politics
Frequencies
6
Q1_4
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 326 15.9 15.9Agree to some extent 2 682 33.2 33.2Difficult to say 3 369 17.9 17.9Disagree to some extent 4 504 24.5 24.5Strongly disagree 5 175 8.5 8.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_3] Finland’s ageing and diminishing population means that Finlandneeds to make immigration easier
Question
Finland’s ageing and diminishing population means that Finland needs to make immigrationeasier
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 97 4.7 4.7Agree to some extent 2 494 24.0 24.0Difficult to say 3 450 21.9 21.9Disagree to some extent 4 637 31.0 31.0Strongly disagree 5 378 18.4 18.4
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_4] Climate change is the biggest environmental threat of our time. Inorder to prevent it, every country must take immediate and effective mea-sures
Question
Climate change is the biggest environmental threat of our time. In order to prevent it, everycountry must take immediate and effective measures
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 625 30.4 30.4Agree to some extent 2 773 37.6 37.6Difficult to say 3 303 14.7 14.7Disagree to some extent 4 249 12.1 12.1
(continued on next page)
7
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Strongly disagree 5 106 5.2 5.2
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_5] Replacing people with machines and automation will cause perma-nent mass unemployment
Question
Replacing people with machines and automation will cause permanent mass unemployment
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 316 15.4 15.4Agree to some extent 2 657 32.0 32.0Difficult to say 3 376 18.3 18.3Disagree to some extent 4 556 27.0 27.0Strongly disagree 5 151 7.3 7.3
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_6] If Finns had a more positive attitude to entrepreneurship, the wholesociety would benefit
Question
If Finns had a more positive attitude to entrepreneurship, the whole society would benefit
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 863 42.0 42.0Agree to some extent 2 799 38.9 38.9Difficult to say 3 280 13.6 13.6Disagree to some extent 4 90 4.4 4.4Strongly disagree 5 24 1.2 1.2
2056 100.0 100.0
8
Q1_9
[Q1_7] Politicians and political parties should inform citizens much moreclearly than they do now of the kind of policies they would adopt after beingelected
Question
Politicians and political parties should inform citizens much more clearly than they do now ofthe kind of policies they would adopt after being elected
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 1257 61.1 61.1Agree to some extent 2 631 30.7 30.7Difficult to say 3 137 6.7 6.7Disagree to some extent 4 22 1.1 1.1Strongly disagree 5 9 0.4 0.4
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_8] I would be willing to accept a lower wage, if working hours wereshortened and I had more leisure time
Question
I would be willing to accept a lower wage, if working hours were shortened and I had moreleisure time
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 217 10.6 10.6Agree to some extent 2 528 25.7 25.7Difficult to say 3 560 27.2 27.2Disagree to some extent 4 452 22.0 22.0Strongly disagree 5 299 14.5 14.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_9] Economic growth is the only way to continuous well-being
Question
Economic growth is the only way to continuous well-being
9
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 214 10.4 10.4Agree to some extent 2 586 28.5 28.5Difficult to say 3 440 21.4 21.4Disagree to some extent 4 609 29.6 29.6Strongly disagree 5 207 10.1 10.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_10] In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largelyconvergent
Question
In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 83 4.0 4.0Agree to some extent 2 489 23.8 23.8Difficult to say 3 525 25.5 25.5Disagree to some extent 4 685 33.3 33.3Strongly disagree 5 274 13.3 13.3
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_11] Finland has to take quick measures to reduce its rapidly growingnational debt, whatever cuts in benefits and welfare it may require
Question
Finland has to take quick measures to reduce its rapidly growing national debt, whatever cutsin benefits and welfare it may require
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 312 15.2 15.2Agree to some extent 2 667 32.4 32.4Difficult to say 3 429 20.9 20.9
(continued on next page)
10
Q1_13
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Disagree to some extent 4 498 24.2 24.2Strongly disagree 5 150 7.3 7.3
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_12] High income tax reduces my willingness to work
Question
High income tax reduces my willingness to work
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 326 15.9 15.9Agree to some extent 2 538 26.2 26.2Difficult to say 3 357 17.4 17.4Disagree to some extent 4 567 27.6 27.6Strongly disagree 5 268 13.0 13.0
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_13] Finland should increasingly manage its relationship with Russiathrough the EU, not directly
Question
Finland should increasingly manage its relationship with Russia through the EU, not directly
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 117 5.7 5.7Agree to some extent 2 343 16.7 16.7Difficult to say 3 624 30.4 30.4Disagree to some extent 4 708 34.4 34.4Strongly disagree 5 264 12.8 12.8
2056 100.0 100.0
11
2. Variables
[Q1_14] Income disparity between different population groups has growntoo large in our country
Question
Income disparity between different population groups has grown too large in our country
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 733 35.7 35.7Agree to some extent 2 683 33.2 33.2Difficult to say 3 302 14.7 14.7Disagree to some extent 4 250 12.2 12.2Strongly disagree 5 88 4.3 4.3
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_15] It is likely that I will have to learn a new trade in the near futuredue to structural change
Question
It is likely that I will have to learn a new trade in the near future due to structural change
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 127 6.2 6.2Agree to some extent 2 262 12.7 12.7Difficult to say 3 575 28.0 28.0Disagree to some extent 4 470 22.9 22.9Strongly disagree 5 622 30.3 30.3
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_16] Alcohol problems are glossed over and downplayed at Finnishworkplaces and generally in society
Question
Alcohol problems are glossed over and downplayed at Finnish workplaces and generally insociety
Frequencies
12
Q1_18
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 485 23.6 23.6Agree to some extent 2 732 35.6 35.6Difficult to say 3 397 19.3 19.3Disagree to some extent 4 355 17.3 17.3Strongly disagree 5 87 4.2 4.2
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_17] Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline andrespect for proper values
Question
Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 701 34.1 34.1Agree to some extent 2 770 37.5 37.5Difficult to say 3 211 10.3 10.3Disagree to some extent 4 275 13.4 13.4Strongly disagree 5 99 4.8 4.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_18] Interest groups have too much influence on Finland’s political de-cision making
Question
Interest groups have too much influence on Finland’s political decision making
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 416 20.2 20.2Agree to some extent 2 687 33.4 33.4Difficult to say 3 470 22.9 22.9Disagree to some extent 4 380 18.5 18.5Strongly disagree 5 103 5.0 5.0
2056 100.0 100.0
13
2. Variables
[Q1_19] It doesn’t make a difference which parties form the governmentafter the next parliamentary elections, the present policy is not going tochange
Question
It doesn’t make a difference which parties form the government after the next parliamentaryelections, the present policy is not going to change
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 352 17.1 17.1Agree to some extent 2 719 35.0 35.0Difficult to say 3 263 12.8 12.8Disagree to some extent 4 471 22.9 22.9Strongly disagree 5 251 12.2 12.2
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_20] Finland should participate in international tax competition more,and lower income, corporation and capital taxes considerably
Question
Finland should participate in international tax competition more, and lower income, corpora-tion and capital taxes considerably
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 339 16.5 16.5Agree to some extent 2 632 30.7 30.7Difficult to say 3 489 23.8 23.8Disagree to some extent 4 413 20.1 20.1Strongly disagree 5 183 8.9 8.9
2056 100.0 100.0
14
Q1_23
[Q1_21] It would be good if the party system in Finland developed towardsa two-party system (a system of two leading parties, for example, a ’bour-geois’/conservative party and a ’leftist’ party)
Question
It would be good if the party system in Finland developed towards a two-party system (a systemof two leading parties, for example, a ’bourgeois’/conservative party and a ’leftist’ party)
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 109 5.3 5.3Agree to some extent 2 295 14.3 14.3Difficult to say 3 559 27.2 27.2Disagree to some extent 4 582 28.3 28.3Strongly disagree 5 511 24.9 24.9
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_22] It is fair that the foreign top experts persuaded to move to Finlandpay a lower income tax than ordinary Finnish citizens
Question
It is fair that the foreign top experts persuaded to move to Finland pay a lower income tax thanordinary Finnish citizens
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 43 2.1 2.1Agree to some extent 2 143 7.0 7.0Difficult to say 3 240 11.7 11.7Disagree to some extent 4 753 36.6 36.6Strongly disagree 5 877 42.7 42.7
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_23] Even though comprehensive social security and public services arecostly, Finnish welfare state is always good value for money
Question
Even though comprehensive social security and public services are costly, Finnish welfare stateis always good value for money
15
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 608 29.6 29.6Agree to some extent 2 890 43.3 43.3Difficult to say 3 248 12.1 12.1Disagree to some extent 4 243 11.8 11.8Strongly disagree 5 67 3.3 3.3
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_24] If taxes were lowered, I would be willing to give up some of theservices I receive from the state and municipalities
Question
If taxes were lowered, I would be willing to give up some of the services I receive from the stateand municipalities
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 237 11.5 11.5Agree to some extent 2 689 33.5 33.5Difficult to say 3 471 22.9 22.9Disagree to some extent 4 429 20.9 20.9Strongly disagree 5 230 11.2 11.2
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_25] Personally, I would be glad to pay more taxes than I do at themoment
Question
Personally, I would be glad to pay more taxes than I do at the moment
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 69 3.4 3.4Agree to some extent 2 244 11.9 11.9Difficult to say 3 404 19.6 19.6
(continued on next page)
16
Q1_27
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Disagree to some extent 4 717 34.9 34.9Strongly disagree 5 622 30.3 30.3
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_26] Instead of constantly raising taxes, the efficiency of the public sec-tor should be improved
Question
Instead of constantly raising taxes, the efficiency of the public sector should be improved
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 858 41.7 41.7Agree to some extent 2 803 39.1 39.1Difficult to say 3 288 14.0 14.0Disagree to some extent 4 90 4.4 4.4Strongly disagree 5 17 0.8 0.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_27] Being an entrepreneur in Finland entails so high payments andrisks that ’only a madman’ would want to become an entrepreneur infavour of a steady paid job
Question
Being an entrepreneur in Finland entails so high payments and risks that ’only a madman’would want to become an entrepreneur in favour of a steady paid job
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 491 23.9 23.9Agree to some extent 2 797 38.8 38.8Difficult to say 3 394 19.2 19.2Disagree to some extent 4 292 14.2 14.2Strongly disagree 5 82 4.0 4.0
2056 100.0 100.0
17
2. Variables
[Q1_28] A model based on freedom of choice should be adopted in publicprimary health care, where citizens can choose their place of treatment outof municipal health centres and private health care units
Question
A model based on freedom of choice should be adopted in public primary health care, wherecitizens can choose their place of treatment out of municipal health centres and private healthcare units
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 500 24.3 24.3Agree to some extent 2 754 36.7 36.7Difficult to say 3 366 17.8 17.8Disagree to some extent 4 326 15.9 15.9Strongly disagree 5 110 5.4 5.4
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_29] In the current financial situation, introducing tax cuts would dis-play a lack of solidarity because they would mainly benefit people withaverage and high income
Question
In the current financial situation, introducing tax cuts would display a lack of solidarity becausethey would mainly benefit people with average and high income
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 374 18.2 18.2Agree to some extent 2 643 31.3 31.3Difficult to say 3 532 25.9 25.9Disagree to some extent 4 360 17.5 17.5Strongly disagree 5 147 7.1 7.1
2056 100.0 100.0
18
Q1_32
[Q1_30] Unless the organisation and activities of the trade union movementare rebuilt on a totally new basis, it will not be able to promote the interestsof its members in the future
Question
Unless the organisation and activities of the trade union movement are rebuilt on a totally newbasis, it will not be able to promote the interests of its members in the future
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 279 13.6 13.6Agree to some extent 2 634 30.8 30.8Difficult to say 3 789 38.4 38.4Disagree to some extent 4 275 13.4 13.4Strongly disagree 5 79 3.8 3.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_31] I would be willing to take any job going rather than be unemployed
Question
I would be willing to take any job going rather than be unemployed
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 353 17.2 17.2Agree to some extent 2 693 33.7 33.7Difficult to say 3 413 20.1 20.1Disagree to some extent 4 352 17.1 17.1Strongly disagree 5 245 11.9 11.9
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_32] Even if taxation in Finland were to increase somewhat from itscurrent level, it would not cause significant harm to the economy and in-vestments
Question
Even if taxation in Finland were to increase somewhat from its current level, it would not causesignificant harm to the economy and investments
19
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 123 6.0 6.0Agree to some extent 2 558 27.1 27.1Difficult to say 3 580 28.2 28.2Disagree to some extent 4 562 27.3 27.3Strongly disagree 5 233 11.3 11.3
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_33] Recent events in the Middle East (e.g. ISIS) have increased thethreat of terrorism also in Finland
Question
Recent events in the Middle East (e.g. ISIS) have increased the threat of terrorism also in Fin-land
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 533 25.9 25.9Agree to some extent 2 858 41.7 41.7Difficult to say 3 346 16.8 16.8Disagree to some extent 4 261 12.7 12.7Strongly disagree 5 58 2.8 2.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_34] Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have no reason totake a negative attitude to this big neighbour
Question
Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have no reason to take a negative attitude tothis big neighbour
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 273 13.3 13.3Agree to some extent 2 655 31.9 31.9
(continued on next page)
20
Q1_36
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Difficult to say 3 396 19.3 19.3Disagree to some extent 4 536 26.1 26.1Strongly disagree 5 196 9.5 9.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_35] Finland has a responsibility to participate in international crisismanagement operations all over the world
Question
Finland has a responsibility to participate in international crisis management operations allover the world
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 181 8.8 8.8Agree to some extent 2 754 36.7 36.7Difficult to say 3 341 16.6 16.6Disagree to some extent 4 550 26.8 26.8Strongly disagree 5 230 11.2 11.2
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_36] I am interested in politics and follow it actively
Question
I am interested in politics and follow it actively
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 439 21.4 21.4Agree to some extent 2 845 41.1 41.1Difficult to say 3 214 10.4 10.4Disagree to some extent 4 402 19.6 19.6Strongly disagree 5 156 7.6 7.6
2056 100.0 100.0
21
2. Variables
[Q1_37] What is essential in public services is their availability to all citi-zens, not who provides them
Question
What is essential in public services is their availability to all citizens, not who provides them
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 616 30.0 30.0Agree to some extent 2 959 46.6 46.6Difficult to say 3 174 8.5 8.5Disagree to some extent 4 264 12.8 12.8Strongly disagree 5 43 2.1 2.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_38] I am so attached to my own region of residence that I would notmove anywhere else even to get a job
Question
I am so attached to my own region of residence that I would not move anywhere else even to geta job
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 317 15.4 15.4Agree to some extent 2 478 23.2 23.2Difficult to say 3 374 18.2 18.2Disagree to some extent 4 524 25.5 25.5Strongly disagree 5 363 17.7 17.7
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_39] Increased threat of Russia has already led to a growth in ’Finlan-disation’
Question
Increased threat of Russia has already led to a growth in ’Finlandisation’
Frequencies
22
Q1_41
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 127 6.2 6.2Agree to some extent 2 518 25.2 25.2Difficult to say 3 714 34.7 34.7Disagree to some extent 4 560 27.2 27.2Strongly disagree 5 137 6.7 6.7
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_40] It is good that right-wing and left-wing parties can be in the samegovernment in Finland
Question
It is good that right-wing and left-wing parties can be in the same government in Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 415 20.2 20.2Agree to some extent 2 866 42.1 42.1Difficult to say 3 406 19.7 19.7Disagree to some extent 4 268 13.0 13.0Strongly disagree 5 101 4.9 4.9
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_41] It is fair that top professionals are significantly better paid thanothers, even if it increases income inequality
Question
It is fair that top professionals are significantly better paid than others, even if it increasesincome inequality
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 326 15.9 15.9Agree to some extent 2 759 36.9 36.9Difficult to say 3 327 15.9 15.9Disagree to some extent 4 471 22.9 22.9Strongly disagree 5 173 8.4 8.4
2056 100.0 100.0
23
2. Variables
[Q1_42] Basic income or the so-called citizen’s income is a bad idea, be-cause ’free’ money eliminates people’s willingness to work
Question
Basic income or the so-called citizen’s income is a bad idea, because ’free’ money eliminatespeople’s willingness to work
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 441 21.4 21.4Agree to some extent 2 536 26.1 26.1Difficult to say 3 377 18.3 18.3Disagree to some extent 4 445 21.6 21.6Strongly disagree 5 257 12.5 12.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_43] It would be fair if people who take good care of their health wereprovided incentives, such as tax deductions
Question
It would be fair if people who take good care of their health were provided incentives, such astax deductions
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 270 13.1 13.1Agree to some extent 2 571 27.8 27.8Difficult to say 3 484 23.5 23.5Disagree to some extent 4 472 23.0 23.0Strongly disagree 5 259 12.6 12.6
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_44] Finland should join NATO
Question
Finland should join NATO
Frequencies
24
Q1_46
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 269 13.1 13.1Agree to some extent 2 306 14.9 14.9Difficult to say 3 601 29.2 29.2Disagree to some extent 4 294 14.3 14.3Strongly disagree 5 586 28.5 28.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_45] The crisis in Ukraine and Russia’s increased military operationshave made my attitude towards Finland’s potential NATO membershipmore positive than before
Question
The crisis in Ukraine and Russia’s increased military operations have made my attitude towardsFinland’s potential NATO membership more positive than before
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 285 13.9 13.9Agree to some extent 2 606 29.5 29.5Difficult to say 3 406 19.7 19.7Disagree to some extent 4 317 15.4 15.4Strongly disagree 5 442 21.5 21.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_46] Taxation should be lowered so that highly skilled people and own-ers / big shareholders would not move away from Finland
Question
Taxation should be lowered so that highly skilled people and owners / big shareholders wouldnot move away from Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 363 17.7 17.7Agree to some extent 2 683 33.2 33.2Difficult to say 3 445 21.6 21.6Disagree to some extent 4 411 20.0 20.0
(continued on next page)
25
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Strongly disagree 5 154 7.5 7.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_47] In the future, Finland’s pension systems will collapse and the pay-ment of even ’already earned’ pensions will become impossible
Question
In the future, Finland’s pension systems will collapse and the payment of even ’already earned’pensions will become impossible
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 272 13.2 13.2Agree to some extent 2 611 29.7 29.7Difficult to say 3 600 29.2 29.2Disagree to some extent 4 385 18.7 18.7Strongly disagree 5 188 9.1 9.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q1_48] Limiting the availability or advertising of alcohol will not fix thealcohol problems in Finland
Question
Limiting the availability or advertising of alcohol will not fix the alcohol problems in Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Strongly agree 1 1361 66.2 66.2Agree to some extent 2 440 21.4 21.4Difficult to say 3 103 5.0 5.0Disagree to some extent 4 105 5.1 5.1Strongly disagree 5 47 2.3 2.3
2056 100.0 100.0
26
Q2_2
[Q2_1] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasisein its actions: Improving employment/reducing unemployment
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Improvingemployment/reducing unemployment
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 1417 68.9 68.9Should be emphasised more 2 491 23.9 23.9Same emphasis as now 3 113 5.5 5.5Should be emphasised less 4 5 0.2 0.2Should be emphasised a lot less 5 2 0.1 0.1Can’t say 6 28 1.4 1.4
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q2_2] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasisein its actions: Preventing the growth of national debt
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Preventingthe growth of national debt
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 971 47.2 47.2Should be emphasised more 2 661 32.1 32.1Same emphasis as now 3 283 13.8 13.8Should be emphasised less 4 63 3.1 3.1Should be emphasised a lot less 5 29 1.4 1.4Can’t say 6 49 2.4 2.4
2056 100.0 100.0
27
2. Variables
[Q2_3] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasisein its actions: Lowering taxes
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Loweringtaxes
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 406 19.7 19.7Should be emphasised more 2 604 29.4 29.4Same emphasis as now 3 617 30.0 30.0Should be emphasised less 4 222 10.8 10.8Should be emphasised a lot less 5 134 6.5 6.5Can’t say 6 73 3.6 3.6
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q2_4] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasisein its actions: Improving the level of social security benefits
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Improving thelevel of social security benefits
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 161 7.8 7.8Should be emphasised more 2 350 17.0 17.0Same emphasis as now 3 785 38.2 38.2Should be emphasised less 4 391 19.0 19.0Should be emphasised a lot less 5 284 13.8 13.8Can’t say 6 85 4.1 4.1
2056 100.0 100.0
28
Q2_6
[Q2_5] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasisein its actions: Promoting Finland’s NATO membership
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: PromotingFinland’s NATO membership
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 216 10.5 10.5Should be emphasised more 2 272 13.2 13.2Same emphasis as now 3 562 27.3 27.3Should be emphasised less 4 241 11.7 11.7Should be emphasised a lot less 5 603 29.3 29.3Can’t say 6 162 7.9 7.9
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q2_6] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasisein its actions: Increasing freedom of choice in health care
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Increasingfreedom of choice in health care
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 352 17.1 17.1Should be emphasised more 2 723 35.2 35.2Same emphasis as now 3 614 29.9 29.9Should be emphasised less 4 155 7.5 7.5Should be emphasised a lot less 5 114 5.5 5.5Can’t say 6 98 4.8 4.8
2056 100.0 100.0
29
2. Variables
[Q2_7] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasisein its actions: Increasing the funding of education
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Increasingthe funding of education
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 271 13.2 13.2Should be emphasised more 2 728 35.4 35.4Same emphasis as now 3 814 39.6 39.6Should be emphasised less 4 124 6.0 6.0Should be emphasised a lot less 5 38 1.8 1.8Can’t say 6 81 3.9 3.9
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q2_8] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasisein its actions: Stricter environmental laws
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Stricter envi-ronmental laws
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 237 11.5 11.5Should be emphasised more 2 479 23.3 23.3Same emphasis as now 3 636 30.9 30.9Should be emphasised less 4 345 16.8 16.8Should be emphasised a lot less 5 299 14.5 14.5Can’t say 6 60 2.9 2.9
2056 100.0 100.0
30
Q2_10
[Q2_9] Which issues do you think the future government should emphasisein its actions: Increasing labour market flexibility
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Increasinglabour market flexibility
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 429 20.9 20.9Should be emphasised more 2 791 38.5 38.5Same emphasis as now 3 528 25.7 25.7Should be emphasised less 4 135 6.6 6.6Should be emphasised a lot less 5 80 3.9 3.9Can’t say 6 93 4.5 4.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q2_10] Which issues do you think the future government should empha-sise in its actions: Reducing the problems of growth centres
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Reducing theproblems of growth centres
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 175 8.5 8.5Should be emphasised more 2 653 31.8 31.8Same emphasis as now 3 844 41.1 41.1Should be emphasised less 4 178 8.7 8.7Should be emphasised a lot less 5 62 3.0 3.0Can’t say 6 144 7.0 7.0
2056 100.0 100.0
31
2. Variables
[Q2_11] Which issues do you think the future government should empha-sise in its actions: Reducing the problems of rural and remote areas
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Reducing theproblems of rural and remote areas
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 550 26.8 26.8Should be emphasised more 2 760 37.0 37.0Same emphasis as now 3 520 25.3 25.3Should be emphasised less 4 94 4.6 4.6Should be emphasised a lot less 5 57 2.8 2.8Can’t say 6 75 3.6 3.6
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q2_12] Which issues do you think the future government should empha-sise in its actions: Preventing crime
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Preventingcrime
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 740 36.0 36.0Should be emphasised more 2 653 31.8 31.8Same emphasis as now 3 557 27.1 27.1Should be emphasised less 4 46 2.2 2.2Should be emphasised a lot less 5 13 0.6 0.6Can’t say 6 47 2.3 2.3
2056 100.0 100.0
32
Q2_14
[Q2_13] Which issues do you think the future government should empha-sise in its actions: Promoting immigration
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Promotingimmigration
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 77 3.7 3.7Should be emphasised more 2 248 12.1 12.1Same emphasis as now 3 698 33.9 33.9Should be emphasised less 4 353 17.2 17.2Should be emphasised a lot less 5 594 28.9 28.9Can’t say 6 86 4.2 4.2
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q2_14] Which issues do you think the future government should empha-sise in its actions: Promoting economic competition
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Promotingeconomic competition
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 244 11.9 11.9Should be emphasised more 2 608 29.6 29.6Same emphasis as now 3 797 38.8 38.8Should be emphasised less 4 168 8.2 8.2Should be emphasised a lot less 5 103 5.0 5.0Can’t say 6 136 6.6 6.6
2056 100.0 100.0
33
2. Variables
[Q2_15] Which issues do you think the future government should empha-sise in its actions: EU issues, taking a more active role in developing theUnion
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: EU issues,taking a more active role in developing the Union
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 140 6.8 6.8Should be emphasised more 2 468 22.8 22.8Same emphasis as now 3 853 41.5 41.5Should be emphasised less 4 280 13.6 13.6Should be emphasised a lot less 5 205 10.0 10.0Can’t say 6 110 5.4 5.4
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q2_16] Which issues do you think the future government should empha-sise in its actions: Foreign relations, being active in foreign policy issues
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Foreign rela-tions, being active in foreign policy issues
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 203 9.9 9.9Should be emphasised more 2 617 30.0 30.0Same emphasis as now 3 996 48.4 48.4Should be emphasised less 4 113 5.5 5.5Should be emphasised a lot less 5 40 1.9 1.9Can’t say 6 87 4.2 4.2
2056 100.0 100.0
34
Q2_18
[Q2_17] Which issues do you think the future government should empha-sise in its actions: Development cooperation, helping developing countries
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Developmentcooperation, helping developing countries
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 84 4.1 4.1Should be emphasised more 2 214 10.4 10.4Same emphasis as now 3 766 37.3 37.3Should be emphasised less 4 454 22.1 22.1Should be emphasised a lot less 5 467 22.7 22.7Can’t say 6 71 3.5 3.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q2_18] Which issues do you think the future government should empha-sise in its actions: Advancing economic growth
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Advancingeconomic growth
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 506 24.6 24.6Should be emphasised more 2 780 37.9 37.9Same emphasis as now 3 475 23.1 23.1Should be emphasised less 4 129 6.3 6.3Should be emphasised a lot less 5 71 3.5 3.5Can’t say 6 95 4.6 4.6
2056 100.0 100.0
35
2. Variables
[Q2_19] Which issues do you think the future government should empha-sise in its actions: Cutting public spending
Question
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Cutting publicspending
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Should be emphasised much more 1 463 22.5 22.5Should be emphasised more 2 526 25.6 25.6Same emphasis as now 3 502 24.4 24.4Should be emphasised less 4 276 13.4 13.4Should be emphasised a lot less 5 193 9.4 9.4Can’t say 6 96 4.7 4.7
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3A_1] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAntti Rinne: Skilled in economics, creator of new jobs and growth
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Skilled in eco-nomics, creator of new jobs and growth
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 80 3.9 3.9Quite well 2 645 31.4 31.4Not very well 3 608 29.6 29.6Not at all well 4 241 11.7 11.7Can’t say 5 482 23.4 23.4
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3A_2] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAntti Rinne: Unites the nation, builds peace
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Unites the nation,builds peace
36
Q3A_4
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 50 2.4 2.4Quite well 2 548 26.7 26.7Not very well 3 680 33.1 33.1Not at all well 4 274 13.3 13.3Can’t say 5 504 24.5 24.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3A_3] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAntti Rinne: Patriotic, has always Finland’s best interest in mind
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Patriotic, hasalways Finland’s best interest in mind
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 86 4.2 4.2Quite well 2 809 39.3 39.3Not very well 3 454 22.1 22.1Not at all well 4 164 8.0 8.0Can’t say 5 543 26.4 26.4
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3A_4] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAntti Rinne: Trustworthy leader, does not falter in difficult situations
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Trustworthyleader, does not falter in difficult situations
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 66 3.2 3.2Quite well 2 510 24.8 24.8
(continued on next page)
37
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Not very well 3 604 29.4 29.4Not at all well 4 250 12.2 12.2Can’t say 5 626 30.4 30.4
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3A_5] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAntti Rinne: Skilled in foreign and security policy
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Skilled in foreignand security policy
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 17 0.8 0.8Quite well 2 141 6.9 6.9Not very well 3 786 38.2 38.2Not at all well 4 504 24.5 24.5Can’t say 5 608 29.6 29.6
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3A_6] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAntti Rinne: Independent of interest groups and ’cliques’
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Independent ofinterest groups and ’cliques’
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 27 1.3 1.3Quite well 2 215 10.5 10.5Not very well 3 643 31.3 31.3Not at all well 4 617 30.0 30.0Can’t say 5 554 26.9 26.9
(continued on next page)
38
Q3A_8
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3A_7] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAntti Rinne: Able to represent Finland, even by international standards
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Able to representFinland, even by international standards
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 26 1.3 1.3Quite well 2 324 15.8 15.8Not very well 3 759 36.9 36.9Not at all well 4 443 21.5 21.5Can’t say 5 504 24.5 24.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3A_8] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAntti Rinne: Understands the everyday life of ordinary Finns
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Understands theeveryday life of ordinary Finns
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 175 8.5 8.5Quite well 2 867 42.2 42.2Not very well 3 377 18.3 18.3Not at all well 4 180 8.8 8.8Can’t say 5 457 22.2 22.2
2056 100.0 100.0
39
2. Variables
[Q3A_9] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAntti Rinne: Fair and just, able to see all the different sides of an issue
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Fair and just,able to see all the different sides of an issue
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 111 5.4 5.4Quite well 2 682 33.2 33.2Not very well 3 496 24.1 24.1Not at all well 4 195 9.5 9.5Can’t say 5 572 27.8 27.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3A_10] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAntti Rinne: Stands up for the weak and oppressed
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Stands up for theweak and oppressed
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 182 8.9 8.9Quite well 2 786 38.2 38.2Not very well 3 383 18.6 18.6Not at all well 4 168 8.2 8.2Can’t say 5 537 26.1 26.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3B_1] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateJuha Sipilä: Skilled in economics, creator of new jobs and growth
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Skilled in eco-nomics, creator of new jobs and growth
40
Q3B_3
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 369 17.9 17.9Quite well 2 845 41.1 41.1Not very well 3 257 12.5 12.5Not at all well 4 68 3.3 3.3Can’t say 5 517 25.1 25.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3B_2] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateJuha Sipilä: Unites the nation, builds peace
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Unites the nation,builds peace
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 272 13.2 13.2Quite well 2 909 44.2 44.2Not very well 3 283 13.8 13.8Not at all well 4 106 5.2 5.2Can’t say 5 486 23.6 23.6
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3B_3] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateJuha Sipilä: Patriotic, has always Finland’s best interest in mind
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Patriotic, hasalways Finland’s best interest in mind
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 332 16.1 16.1Quite well 2 942 45.8 45.8
(continued on next page)
41
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Not very well 3 190 9.2 9.2Not at all well 4 63 3.1 3.1Can’t say 5 529 25.7 25.7
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3B_4] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateJuha Sipilä: Trustworthy leader, does not falter in difficult situations
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Trustworthyleader, does not falter in difficult situations
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 222 10.8 10.8Quite well 2 719 35.0 35.0Not very well 3 351 17.1 17.1Not at all well 4 83 4.0 4.0Can’t say 5 681 33.1 33.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3B_5] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateJuha Sipilä: Skilled in foreign and security policy
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Skilled in foreignand security policy
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 27 1.3 1.3Quite well 2 263 12.8 12.8Not very well 3 771 37.5 37.5Not at all well 4 310 15.1 15.1Can’t say 5 685 33.3 33.3
(continued on next page)
42
Q3B_7
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3B_6] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateJuha Sipilä: Independent of interest groups and ’cliques’
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Independent ofinterest groups and ’cliques’
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 86 4.2 4.2Quite well 2 488 23.7 23.7Not very well 3 565 27.5 27.5Not at all well 4 291 14.2 14.2Can’t say 5 626 30.4 30.4
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3B_7] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateJuha Sipilä: Able to represent Finland, even by international standards
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Able to representFinland, even by international standards
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 129 6.3 6.3Quite well 2 677 32.9 32.9Not very well 3 527 25.6 25.6Not at all well 4 176 8.6 8.6Can’t say 5 547 26.6 26.6
2056 100.0 100.0
43
2. Variables
[Q3B_8] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateJuha Sipilä: Understands the everyday life of ordinary Finns
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Understands theeveryday life of ordinary Finns
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 206 10.0 10.0Quite well 2 841 40.9 40.9Not very well 3 372 18.1 18.1Not at all well 4 170 8.3 8.3Can’t say 5 467 22.7 22.7
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3B_9] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateJuha Sipilä: Fair and just, able to see all the different sides of an issue
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Fair and just,able to see all the different sides of an issue
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 230 11.2 11.2Quite well 2 838 40.8 40.8Not very well 3 308 15.0 15.0Not at all well 4 113 5.5 5.5Can’t say 5 567 27.6 27.6
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3B_10] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateJuha Sipilä: Stands up for the weak and oppressed
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Stands up for theweak and oppressed
44
Q3C_2
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 127 6.2 6.2Quite well 2 667 32.4 32.4Not very well 3 481 23.4 23.4Not at all well 4 172 8.4 8.4Can’t say 5 609 29.6 29.6
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3C_1] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateTimo Soini: Skilled in economics, creator of new jobs and growth
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Skilled in eco-nomics, creator of new jobs and growth
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 74 3.6 3.6Quite well 2 502 24.4 24.4Not very well 3 804 39.1 39.1Not at all well 4 353 17.2 17.2Can’t say 5 323 15.7 15.7
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3C_2] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateTimo Soini: Unites the nation, builds peace
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Unites the nation,builds peace
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 77 3.7 3.7Quite well 2 344 16.7 16.7
(continued on next page)
45
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Not very well 3 745 36.2 36.2Not at all well 4 680 33.1 33.1Can’t say 5 210 10.2 10.2
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3C_3] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateTimo Soini: Patriotic, has always Finland’s best interest in mind
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Patriotic, hasalways Finland’s best interest in mind
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 631 30.7 30.7Quite well 2 858 41.7 41.7Not very well 3 250 12.2 12.2Not at all well 4 147 7.1 7.1Can’t say 5 170 8.3 8.3
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3C_4] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateTimo Soini: Trustworthy leader, does not falter in difficult situations
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Trustworthyleader, does not falter in difficult situations
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 232 11.3 11.3Quite well 2 679 33.0 33.0Not very well 3 518 25.2 25.2Not at all well 4 310 15.1 15.1Can’t say 5 317 15.4 15.4
(continued on next page)
46
Q3C_6
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3C_5] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateTimo Soini: Skilled in foreign and security policy
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Skilled in foreignand security policy
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 96 4.7 4.7Quite well 2 484 23.5 23.5Not very well 3 676 32.9 32.9Not at all well 4 455 22.1 22.1Can’t say 5 345 16.8 16.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3C_6] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateTimo Soini: Independent of interest groups and ’cliques’
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Independent ofinterest groups and ’cliques’
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 210 10.2 10.2Quite well 2 670 32.6 32.6Not very well 3 464 22.6 22.6Not at all well 4 340 16.5 16.5Can’t say 5 372 18.1 18.1
2056 100.0 100.0
47
2. Variables
[Q3C_7] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateTimo Soini: Able to represent Finland, even by international standards
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Able to representFinland, even by international standards
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 59 2.9 2.9Quite well 2 282 13.7 13.7Not very well 3 728 35.4 35.4Not at all well 4 739 35.9 35.9Can’t say 5 248 12.1 12.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3C_8] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateTimo Soini: Understands the everyday life of ordinary Finns
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Understands theeveryday life of ordinary Finns
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 442 21.5 21.5Quite well 2 938 45.6 45.6Not very well 3 301 14.6 14.6Not at all well 4 169 8.2 8.2Can’t say 5 206 10.0 10.0
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3C_9] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateTimo Soini: Fair and just, able to see all the different sides of an issue
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Fair and just,able to see all the different sides of an issue
48
Q3D_1
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 204 9.9 9.9Quite well 2 651 31.7 31.7Not very well 3 536 26.1 26.1Not at all well 4 361 17.6 17.6Can’t say 5 304 14.8 14.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3C_10] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateTimo Soini: Stands up for the weak and oppressed
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Stands up for theweak and oppressed
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 382 18.6 18.6Quite well 2 889 43.2 43.2Not very well 3 310 15.1 15.1Not at all well 4 211 10.3 10.3Can’t say 5 264 12.8 12.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3D_1] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAlexander Stubb: Skilled in economics, creator of new jobs and growth
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Skilled ineconomics, creator of new jobs and growth
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 120 5.8 5.8Quite well 2 614 29.9 29.9
(continued on next page)
49
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Not very well 3 648 31.5 31.5Not at all well 4 418 20.3 20.3Can’t say 5 256 12.5 12.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3D_2] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAlexander Stubb: Unites the nation, builds peace
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Unites thenation, builds peace
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 69 3.4 3.4Quite well 2 437 21.3 21.3Not very well 3 736 35.8 35.8Not at all well 4 595 28.9 28.9Can’t say 5 219 10.7 10.7
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3D_3] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAlexander Stubb: Patriotic, has always Finland’s best interest in mind
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Patriotic,has always Finland’s best interest in mind
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 205 10.0 10.0Quite well 2 679 33.0 33.0Not very well 3 530 25.8 25.8Not at all well 4 395 19.2 19.2Can’t say 5 247 12.0 12.0
(continued on next page)
50
Q3D_5
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3D_4] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAlexander Stubb: Trustworthy leader, does not falter in difficult situations
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Trustworthyleader, does not falter in difficult situations
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 143 7.0 7.0Quite well 2 501 24.4 24.4Not very well 3 658 32.0 32.0Not at all well 4 451 21.9 21.9Can’t say 5 303 14.7 14.7
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3D_5] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAlexander Stubb: Skilled in foreign and security policy
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Skilled inforeign and security policy
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 442 21.5 21.5Quite well 2 776 37.7 37.7Not very well 3 363 17.7 17.7Not at all well 4 260 12.6 12.6Can’t say 5 215 10.5 10.5
2056 100.0 100.0
51
2. Variables
[Q3D_6] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAlexander Stubb: Independent of interest groups and ’cliques’
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Independentof interest groups and ’cliques’
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 68 3.3 3.3Quite well 2 347 16.9 16.9Not very well 3 627 30.5 30.5Not at all well 4 653 31.8 31.8Can’t say 5 361 17.6 17.6
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3D_7] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAlexander Stubb: Able to represent Finland, even by international stan-dards
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Able torepresent Finland, even by international standards
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 772 37.5 37.5Quite well 2 755 36.7 36.7Not very well 3 185 9.0 9.0Not at all well 4 176 8.6 8.6Can’t say 5 168 8.2 8.2
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3D_8] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAlexander Stubb: Understands the everyday life of ordinary Finns
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Under-stands the everyday life of ordinary Finns
52
Q3D_10
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 30 1.5 1.5Quite well 2 203 9.9 9.9Not very well 3 652 31.7 31.7Not at all well 4 951 46.3 46.3Can’t say 5 220 10.7 10.7
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3D_9] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAlexander Stubb: Fair and just, able to see all the different sides of an issue
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Fair andjust, able to see all the different sides of an issue
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 94 4.6 4.6Quite well 2 518 25.2 25.2Not very well 3 612 29.8 29.8Not at all well 4 502 24.4 24.4Can’t say 5 330 16.1 16.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q3D_10] How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidateAlexander Stubb: Stands up for the weak and oppressed
Question
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Stands upfor the weak and oppressed
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 32 1.6 1.6Quite well 2 204 9.9 9.9
(continued on next page)
53
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Not very well 3 652 31.7 31.7Not at all well 4 887 43.1 43.1Can’t say 5 281 13.7 13.7
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q4_1] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the fol-lowing: Decision-makers are too inexperienced
Question
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Decision-makers aretoo inexperienced
Frequencies
label value n % v. %To a very large extent 1 507 24.7 24.7To quite a large extent 2 822 40.0 40.0Difficult to say 3 372 18.1 18.1To quite a small extent 4 322 15.7 15.7Not at all 5 33 1.6 1.6
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q4_2] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the fol-lowing: Politicians are guided too much by self-interest
Question
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Politicians are guidedtoo much by self-interest
Frequencies
label value n % v. %To a very large extent 1 971 47.2 47.2To quite a large extent 2 749 36.4 36.4Difficult to say 3 203 9.9 9.9To quite a small extent 4 122 5.9 5.9Not at all 5 11 0.5 0.5
(continued on next page)
54
Q4_4
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %2056 100.0 100.0
[Q4_3] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the fol-lowing: There are too many political parties with diverging goals in Finland
Question
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: There are too manypolitical parties with diverging goals in Finland
Frequencies
label value n % v. %To a very large extent 1 468 22.8 22.8To quite a large extent 2 770 37.5 37.5Difficult to say 3 470 22.9 22.9To quite a small extent 4 295 14.3 14.3Not at all 5 53 2.6 2.6
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q4_4] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the fol-lowing: Politicians are afraid of polls, of being judged by the people
Question
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Politicians are afraidof polls, of being judged by the people
Frequencies
label value n % v. %To a very large extent 1 778 37.8 37.8To quite a large extent 2 798 38.8 38.8Difficult to say 3 307 14.9 14.9To quite a small extent 4 147 7.1 7.1Not at all 5 26 1.3 1.3
2056 100.0 100.0
55
2. Variables
[Q4_5] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the fol-lowing: Decision-makers have become alienated from the everyday life ofFinns
Question
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Decision-makershave become alienated from the everyday life of Finns
Frequencies
label value n % v. %To a very large extent 1 1027 50.0 50.0To quite a large extent 2 702 34.1 34.1Difficult to say 3 201 9.8 9.8To quite a small extent 4 116 5.6 5.6Not at all 5 10 0.5 0.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q4_6] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the fol-lowing: Politicians are afraid of media reaction and negative publicity
Question
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Politicians are afraidof media reaction and negative publicity
Frequencies
label value n % v. %To a very large extent 1 932 45.3 45.3To quite a large extent 2 763 37.1 37.1Difficult to say 3 260 12.6 12.6To quite a small extent 4 90 4.4 4.4Not at all 5 11 0.5 0.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q4_7] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the fol-lowing: Decision-making has shifted too much to the EU
Question
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Decision-making hasshifted too much to the EU
56
Q4_9
Frequencies
label value n % v. %To a very large extent 1 652 31.7 31.7To quite a large extent 2 632 30.7 30.7Difficult to say 3 369 17.9 17.9To quite a small extent 4 346 16.8 16.8Not at all 5 57 2.8 2.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q4_8] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the fol-lowing: The position of the Prime Minister is too weak
Question
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: The position of thePrime Minister is too weak
Frequencies
label value n % v. %To a very large extent 1 194 9.4 9.4To quite a large extent 2 416 20.2 20.2Difficult to say 3 694 33.8 33.8To quite a small extent 4 581 28.3 28.3Not at all 5 171 8.3 8.3
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q4_9] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the fol-lowing: Politicians attempt to secure populist ’quick wins’
Question
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Politicians attemptto secure populist ’quick wins’
Frequencies
label value n % v. %To a very large extent 1 782 38.0 38.0To quite a large extent 2 837 40.7 40.7
(continued on next page)
57
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Difficult to say 3 333 16.2 16.2To quite a small extent 4 87 4.2 4.2Not at all 5 17 0.8 0.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q4_10] To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by thefollowing: The role of bureaucracy is too strong
Question
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: The role of bureau-cracy is too strong
Frequencies
label value n % v. %To a very large extent 1 845 41.1 41.1To quite a large extent 2 662 32.2 32.2Difficult to say 3 380 18.5 18.5To quite a small extent 4 139 6.8 6.8Not at all 5 30 1.5 1.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q5_1] Taxation in Finland is too severe
Question
Taxation in Finland is too severe
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1157 56.3 56.3Difficult to say 2 392 19.1 19.1Disagree 3 507 24.7 24.7
2056 100.0 100.0
58
Q5_4
[Q5_2] Stricter income taxation of high income earners (progressive taxa-tion) is fair nowadays
Question
Stricter income taxation of high income earners (progressive taxation) is fair nowadays
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1157 56.3 56.3Difficult to say 2 459 22.3 22.3Disagree 3 440 21.4 21.4
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q5_3] Differences in financial circumstances between population groupsare evened out too much through taxation
Question
Differences in financial circumstances between population groups are evened out too muchthrough taxation
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 535 26.0 26.0Difficult to say 2 603 29.3 29.3Disagree 3 918 44.6 44.6
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q5_4] Labour taxation should be lowered and the tax burden on consump-tion increased
Question
Labour taxation should be lowered and the tax burden on consumption increased
Frequencies
59
2. Variables
label value n % v. %Agree 1 844 41.1 41.1Difficult to say 2 669 32.5 32.5Disagree 3 543 26.4 26.4
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q5_5] Tax cuts would increase tax revenue, as economic activity wouldincrease
Question
Tax cuts would increase tax revenue, as economic activity would increase
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1067 51.9 51.9Difficult to say 2 716 34.8 34.8Disagree 3 273 13.3 13.3
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q5_6] Taxation should not be lowered if it leads to the weakening of socialsecurity and public services
Question
Taxation should not be lowered if it leads to the weakening of social security and public services
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agree 1 1088 52.9 52.9Difficult to say 2 497 24.2 24.2Disagree 3 471 22.9 22.9
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q5_7] I feel my taxes are unfairly high
Question
I feel my taxes are unfairly high
Frequencies
60
Q6_2
label value n % v. %Agree 1 609 29.6 29.6Difficult to say 2 519 25.2 25.2Disagree 3 928 45.1 45.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q6_1] Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Earnedincome (wages and pensions) taxes should be...
Question
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Earned income (wages and pen-sions) taxes should be...
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Raised a lot 1 7 0.3 0.3Raised a little 2 145 7.1 7.1Kept at present level 3 843 41.0 41.0Lowered a little 4 684 33.3 33.3Lowered a lot 5 308 15.0 15.0Can’t say 6 69 3.4 3.4
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q6_2] Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Cor-porate income taxes should be...
Question
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Corporate income taxes shouldbe...
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Raised a lot 1 82 4.0 4.0Raised a little 2 437 21.3 21.3Kept at present level 3 809 39.3 39.3Lowered a little 4 445 21.6 21.6Lowered a lot 5 121 5.9 5.9Can’t say 6 162 7.9 7.9
(continued on next page)
61
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %2056 100.0 100.0
[Q6_3] Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Cap-ital income (investment income) taxes should be...
Question
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Capital income (investment in-come) taxes should be...
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Raised a lot 1 433 21.1 21.1Raised a little 2 702 34.1 34.1Kept at present level 3 516 25.1 25.1Lowered a little 4 221 10.7 10.7Lowered a lot 5 78 3.8 3.8Can’t say 6 106 5.2 5.2
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q6_4] Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? In-heritance and gift taxes should be...
Question
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Inheritance and gift taxes shouldbe...
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Raised a lot 1 91 4.4 4.4Raised a little 2 214 10.4 10.4Kept at present level 3 575 28.0 28.0Lowered a little 4 504 24.5 24.5Lowered a lot 5 603 29.3 29.3Can’t say 6 69 3.4 3.4
2056 100.0 100.0
62
Q6_6
[Q6_5] Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Im-movable property (real estate) taxes should be...
Question
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Immovable property (real estate)taxes should be...
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Raised a lot 1 23 1.1 1.1Raised a little 2 198 9.6 9.6Kept at present level 3 960 46.7 46.7Lowered a little 4 515 25.0 25.0Lowered a lot 5 224 10.9 10.9Can’t say 6 136 6.6 6.6
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q6_6] Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? En-ergy taxes and excise duties on fuels should be...
Question
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Energy taxes and excise dutieson fuels should be...
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Raised a lot 1 50 2.4 2.4Raised a little 2 259 12.6 12.6Kept at present level 3 705 34.3 34.3Lowered a little 4 625 30.4 30.4Lowered a lot 5 344 16.7 16.7Can’t say 6 73 3.6 3.6
2056 100.0 100.0
63
2. Variables
[Q6_7] Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Ex-cise duties on alcoholic beverages should be...
Question
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Excise duties on alcoholic bev-erages should be...
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Raised a lot 1 411 20.0 20.0Raised a little 2 546 26.6 26.6Kept at present level 3 541 26.3 26.3Lowered a little 4 272 13.2 13.2Lowered a lot 5 235 11.4 11.4Can’t say 6 51 2.5 2.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q6_8] Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Con-sumption taxes (value-added tax, VAT) should be...
Question
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Consumption taxes (value-addedtax, VAT) should be...
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Raised a lot 1 40 1.9 1.9Raised a little 2 348 16.9 16.9Kept at present level 3 836 40.7 40.7Lowered a little 4 537 26.1 26.1Lowered a lot 5 220 10.7 10.7Can’t say 6 75 3.6 3.6
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q6_9] Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? VATon food should be...
Question
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? VAT on food should be...
64
Q7_1
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Raised a lot 1 12 0.6 0.6Raised a little 2 71 3.5 3.5Kept at present level 3 565 27.5 27.5Lowered a little 4 814 39.6 39.6Lowered a lot 5 547 26.6 26.6Can’t say 6 47 2.3 2.3
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q6_10] Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? To-tal tax rate, that is, collected total tax revenues, should be...
Question
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Total tax rate, that is, collectedtotal tax revenues, should be...
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Raised a lot 1 13 0.6 0.6Raised a little 2 372 18.1 18.1Kept at present level 3 776 37.7 37.7Lowered a little 4 606 29.5 29.5Lowered a lot 5 143 7.0 7.0Can’t say 6 146 7.1 7.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q7_1] How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnishworking life over the next few years: Terms and conditions of employmentwill be agreed locally/at company level
Question
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over the nextfew years: Terms and conditions of employment will be agreed locally/at company level
Frequencies
65
2. Variables
label value n % v. %Very likely 1 335 16.3 16.3Fairly likely 2 912 44.4 44.4Difficult to say 3 399 19.4 19.4Not very likely 4 348 16.9 16.9Unlikely 5 62 3.0 3.0
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q7_2] How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnishworking life over the next few years: Casual work and project-length con-tracts will increase
Question
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over the nextfew years: Casual work and project-length contracts will increase
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very likely 1 701 34.1 34.1Fairly likely 2 1171 57.0 57.0Difficult to say 3 144 7.0 7.0Not very likely 4 30 1.5 1.5Unlikely 5 10 0.5 0.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q7_3] How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnishworking life over the next few years: An increasing number of people willbecome entrepreneurs/self-employed instead of being employees
Question
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over the nextfew years: An increasing number of people will become entrepreneurs/self-employed instead ofbeing employees
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very likely 1 284 13.8 13.8
(continued on next page)
66
Q7_5
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Fairly likely 2 918 44.6 44.6Difficult to say 3 457 22.2 22.2Not very likely 4 340 16.5 16.5Unlikely 5 57 2.8 2.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q7_4] How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnishworking life over the next few years: People will learn to accept insecurejobs
Question
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over the nextfew years: People will learn to accept insecure jobs
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very likely 1 321 15.6 15.6Fairly likely 2 963 46.8 46.8Difficult to say 3 383 18.6 18.6Not very likely 4 290 14.1 14.1Unlikely 5 99 4.8 4.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q7_5] How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnishworking life over the next few years: There will be better possibilities tochoose what one’s duties at work are
Question
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over the nextfew years: There will be better possibilities to choose what one’s duties at work are
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very likely 1 75 3.6 3.6
(continued on next page)
67
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Fairly likely 2 345 16.8 16.8Difficult to say 3 543 26.4 26.4Not very likely 4 882 42.9 42.9Unlikely 5 211 10.3 10.3
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q7_6] How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnishworking life over the next few years: Ageing people will carry on workingto a significantly higher age than they do nowadays
Question
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over thenext few years: Ageing people will carry on working to a significantly higher age than they donowadays
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very likely 1 294 14.3 14.3Fairly likely 2 880 42.8 42.8Difficult to say 3 306 14.9 14.9Not very likely 4 430 20.9 20.9Unlikely 5 146 7.1 7.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q8_1] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to makeFinns work more/longer: Increasing weekly working hours
Question
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Increasing weekly working hours
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A very good way 1 87 4.2 4.2A fairly good way 2 428 20.8 20.8
(continued on next page)
68
Q8_3
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %A fairly bad way 3 814 39.6 39.6A very bad way 4 649 31.6 31.6Can’t say 5 78 3.8 3.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q8_2] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to makeFinns work more/longer: Making it more difficult to take early retirementor get disability pension
Question
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Making it more difficult to take early retirement or get disability pension
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A very good way 1 95 4.6 4.6A fairly good way 2 433 21.1 21.1A fairly bad way 3 851 41.4 41.4A very bad way 4 579 28.2 28.2Can’t say 5 98 4.8 4.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q8_3] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to makeFinns work more/longer: Raising old-age pension age to make people worklonger
Question
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Raising old-age pension age to make people work longer
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A very good way 1 98 4.8 4.8A fairly good way 2 536 26.1 26.1
(continued on next page)
69
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %A fairly bad way 3 781 38.0 38.0A very bad way 4 548 26.7 26.7Can’t say 5 93 4.5 4.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q8_4] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to makeFinns work more/longer: Reducing the duration of full-time education tomake young people graduate sooner, increasing working careers from thebeginning
Question
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Reducing the duration of full-time education to make young people graduate sooner, increasingworking careers from the beginning
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A very good way 1 679 33.0 33.0A fairly good way 2 968 47.1 47.1A fairly bad way 3 255 12.4 12.4A very bad way 4 77 3.7 3.7Can’t say 5 77 3.7 3.7
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q8_5] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to makeFinns work more/longer: Providing new financial incentives for older peo-ple willing to work longer
Question
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Providing new financial incentives for older people willing to work longer
Frequencies
(continued on next page)
70
Q8_7
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %
label value n % v. %A very good way 1 435 21.2 21.2A fairly good way 2 1014 49.3 49.3A fairly bad way 3 352 17.1 17.1A very bad way 4 138 6.7 6.7Can’t say 5 117 5.7 5.7
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q8_6] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to makeFinns work more/longer: Increasing annual working hours by shorteningannual leave entitlement
Question
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Increasing annual working hours by shortening annual leave entitlement
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A very good way 1 73 3.6 3.6A fairly good way 2 249 12.1 12.1A fairly bad way 3 734 35.7 35.7A very bad way 4 920 44.7 44.7Can’t say 5 80 3.9 3.9
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q8_7] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to makeFinns work more/longer: Increasing the working age population by pro-moting immigration to Finland
Question
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Increasing the working age population by promoting immigration to Finland
Frequencies
71
2. Variables
label value n % v. %A very good way 1 144 7.0 7.0A fairly good way 2 539 26.2 26.2A fairly bad way 3 472 23.0 23.0A very bad way 4 711 34.6 34.6Can’t say 5 190 9.2 9.2
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q8_8] How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to makeFinns work more/longer: Making it more difficult to get unemploymentbenefits
Question
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Making it more difficult to get unemployment benefits
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A very good way 1 300 14.6 14.6A fairly good way 2 563 27.4 27.4A fairly bad way 3 572 27.8 27.8A very bad way 4 480 23.3 23.3Can’t say 5 141 6.9 6.9
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q9_1] In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowa-days in the following: Waiting time to get a doctor’s appointment in munic-ipal health centres
Question
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Wait-ing time to get a doctor’s appointment in municipal health centres
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 81 3.9 3.9Quite well 2 754 36.7 36.7
(continued on next page)
72
Q9_3
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Quite poorly 3 656 31.9 31.9Very poorly 4 390 19.0 19.0Can’t say 5 175 8.5 8.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q9_2] In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowa-days in the following: Prevention of health problems, early intervention
Question
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Pre-vention of health problems, early intervention
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 34 1.7 1.7Quite well 2 415 20.2 20.2Quite poorly 3 932 45.3 45.3Very poorly 4 497 24.2 24.2Can’t say 5 178 8.7 8.7
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q9_3] In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowa-days in the following: Equality between citizens in health care
Question
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Equal-ity between citizens in health care
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 97 4.7 4.7Quite well 2 597 29.0 29.0Quite poorly 3 701 34.1 34.1Very poorly 4 502 24.4 24.4Can’t say 5 159 7.7 7.7
(continued on next page)
73
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %2056 100.0 100.0
[Q9_4] In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowa-days in the following: Waiting times for surgery and other kinds of sec-ondary care
Question
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Wait-ing times for surgery and other kinds of secondary care
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 36 1.8 1.8Quite well 2 455 22.1 22.1Quite poorly 3 782 38.0 38.0Very poorly 4 472 23.0 23.0Can’t say 5 311 15.1 15.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q9_5] In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowa-days in the following: Rehabilitation therapy after treatment
Question
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Re-habilitation therapy after treatment
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 29 1.4 1.4Quite well 2 600 29.2 29.2Quite poorly 3 630 30.6 30.6Very poorly 4 313 15.2 15.2Can’t say 5 484 23.5 23.5
2056 100.0 100.0
74
Q9_8
[Q9_6] In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowa-days in the following: Paying attention to customers’ concerns and opinions
Question
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Payingattention to customers’ concerns and opinions
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 48 2.3 2.3Quite well 2 526 25.6 25.6Quite poorly 3 824 40.1 40.1Very poorly 4 395 19.2 19.2Can’t say 5 263 12.8 12.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q9_7] In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowa-days in the following: Freedom of choice, possibility for citizens to choosewhere and by whom they are to be treated
Question
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Free-dom of choice, possibility for citizens to choose where and by whom they are to be treated
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 53 2.6 2.6Quite well 2 542 26.4 26.4Quite poorly 3 789 38.4 38.4Very poorly 4 369 17.9 17.9Can’t say 5 303 14.7 14.7
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q9_8] In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowa-days in the following: Services are located close enough
Question
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Ser-vices are located close enough
75
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 232 11.3 11.3Quite well 2 1125 54.7 54.7Quite poorly 3 425 20.7 20.7Very poorly 4 169 8.2 8.2Can’t say 5 105 5.1 5.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q10A] Which health services do you primarily use? Do you use...
Question
Which health services do you primarily use? Do you use...
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Municipal health care services 1 1072 52.1 52.1Occupational health care services 2 722 35.1 35.1Private health care services 3 262 12.7 12.7
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q10B] How healthy do you feel nowadays? Do you feel...
Question
How healthy do you feel nowadays? Do you feel...
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very healthy 1 504 24.5 24.5Fairly healthy 2 1156 56.2 56.2Not very healthy 3 292 14.2 14.2Not at all healthy 4 88 4.3 4.3Can’t/Don’t want to say 5 16 0.8 0.8
2056 100.0 100.0
76
Q11_3
[Q11_1] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your ownviews of the country: Good neighbour and cooperation partner
Question
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Goodneighbour and cooperation partner
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 88 4.3 4.3Fairly well 2 645 31.4 31.4Difficult to say 3 515 25.0 25.0Not very well 4 706 34.3 34.3Not at all 5 102 5.0 5.0
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q11_2] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your ownviews of the country: Major military threat
Question
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Majormilitary threat
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 328 16.0 16.0Fairly well 2 711 34.6 34.6Difficult to say 3 517 25.1 25.1Not very well 4 401 19.5 19.5Not at all 5 99 4.8 4.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q11_3] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your ownviews of the country: Developing democracy
Question
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Devel-oping democracy
77
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 17 0.8 0.8Fairly well 2 120 5.8 5.8Difficult to say 3 402 19.6 19.6Not very well 4 1042 50.7 50.7Not at all 5 475 23.1 23.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q11_4] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your ownviews of the country: Dictatorship with a strong central control
Question
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Dicta-torship with a strong central control
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 923 44.9 44.9Fairly well 2 779 37.9 37.9Difficult to say 3 248 12.1 12.1Not very well 4 84 4.1 4.1Not at all 5 22 1.1 1.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q11_5] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your ownviews of the country: Unstable and unpredictable
Question
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Unstableand unpredictable
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 765 37.2 37.2Fairly well 2 935 45.5 45.5
(continued on next page)
78
Q11_7
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %Difficult to say 3 217 10.6 10.6Not very well 4 113 5.5 5.5Not at all 5 26 1.3 1.3
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q11_6] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your ownviews of the country: Important business partner
Question
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Impor-tant business partner
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 771 37.5 37.5Fairly well 2 984 47.9 47.9Difficult to say 3 206 10.0 10.0Not very well 4 76 3.7 3.7Not at all 5 19 0.9 0.9
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q11_7] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your ownviews of the country: Unreliable contracting party
Question
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Unreli-able contracting party
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 328 16.0 16.0Fairly well 2 680 33.1 33.1Difficult to say 3 715 34.8 34.8Not very well 4 285 13.9 13.9Not at all 5 48 2.3 2.3
(continued on next page)
79
2. Variables
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %2056 100.0 100.0
[Q11_8] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your ownviews of the country: Russian citizens are pleasant people
Question
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Russiancitizens are pleasant people
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 350 17.0 17.0Fairly well 2 798 38.8 38.8Difficult to say 3 552 26.8 26.8Not very well 4 288 14.0 14.0Not at all 5 68 3.3 3.3
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q11_9] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your ownviews of the country: Developing quickly and becoming rapidly more afflu-ent
Question
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Devel-oping quickly and becoming rapidly more affluent
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 36 1.8 1.8Fairly well 2 271 13.2 13.2Difficult to say 3 639 31.1 31.1Not very well 4 947 46.1 46.1Not at all 5 163 7.9 7.9
2056 100.0 100.0
80
Q12A
[Q11_10] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your ownviews of the country: Unequal, wide income and welfare disparity
Question
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Unequal,wide income and welfare disparity
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 1214 59.0 59.0Fairly well 2 572 27.8 27.8Difficult to say 3 174 8.5 8.5Not very well 4 77 3.7 3.7Not at all 5 19 0.9 0.9
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q11_11] How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your ownviews of the country: Part of the European cultural sphere
Question
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Part ofthe European cultural sphere
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very well 1 96 4.7 4.7Fairly well 2 408 19.8 19.8Difficult to say 3 448 21.8 21.8Not very well 4 828 40.3 40.3Not at all 5 276 13.4 13.4
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q12A] What is your attitude towards Finland’s EU membership at present?
Question
What is your attitude towards Finland’s EU membership at present?
Frequencies
81
2. Variables
label value n % v. %Very positive 1 326 15.9 15.9Fairly positive 2 529 25.7 25.7Neutral 3 595 28.9 28.9Fairly negative 4 392 19.1 19.1Very negative 5 183 8.9 8.9Can’t say 6 31 1.5 1.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q12B] And what is your attitude towards the fact that our currency waschanged from the Finnish mark to euro?
Question
And what is your attitude towards the fact that our currency was changed from the Finnish markto euro?
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Very positive 1 499 24.3 24.3Fairly positive 2 477 23.2 23.2Neutral 3 477 23.2 23.2Fairly negative 4 303 14.7 14.7Very negative 5 257 12.5 12.5Can’t say 6 43 2.1 2.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q12C] Do you think that the euro and EMU membership are an advantageor disadvantage to Finland in the current economic situation?
Question
Do you think that the euro and EMU membership are an advantage or disadvantage to Finlandin the current economic situation?
Frequencies
label value n % v. %A great advantage 1 220 10.7 10.7An advantage to some extent 2 563 27.4 27.4Neither an advantage nor disadvantage 3 284 13.8 13.8
(continued on next page)
82
PSVUOSI
(cont. from previous page)
label value n % v. %A disadvantage to some extent 4 449 21.8 21.8A great disadvantage 5 255 12.4 12.4Can’t say 6 285 13.9 13.9
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q12D] If the referendum on Finland’s EU membership was held now,would you be in favour of the membership or against it?
Question
If the referendum on Finland’s EU membership was held now, would you be in favour of themembership or against it?
Frequencies
label value n % v. %In favour 1 970 47.2 47.2Can’t say 2 364 17.7 17.7Against 3 722 35.1 35.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[PSUKUP] The respondent’s gender
Question
The respondent’s gender
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Male 1 1193 58.0 58.0Female 2 863 42.0 42.0
2056 100.0 100.0
[PSVUOSI] The respondent’s year of birth
Question
The respondent’s year of birth
83
2. Variables
Descriptive statistics
statistic valuenumber of valid cases 2056minimum 1944.00maximum 1996.00mean 1965.94standard deviation 14.42
[PMAAK] The respondent’s region of residence (NUTS3)
Question
The respondent’s region of residence (NUTS3)
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Uusimaa 1 670 32.6 32.6Finland proper (Varsinais-Suomi) 2 200 9.7 9.7Eastern Uusimaa (Itä-Uusimaa) 3 0 0.0 0.0Satakunta 4 84 4.1 4.1Tavastia proper (Kanta-Häme) 5 82 4.0 4.0Pirkanmaa 6 212 10.3 10.3Päijänne Tavastia (Päijät-Häme) 7 72 3.5 3.5Kymenlaakso 8 55 2.7 2.7South Karelia (Etelä-Karjala) 9 53 2.6 2.6Southern Savonia (Etelä-Savo) 10 46 2.2 2.2Northern Savonia (Pohjois-Savo) 11 90 4.4 4.4North Karelia (Pohjois-Karjala) 12 56 2.7 2.7Central Finland (Keski-Suomi) 13 115 5.6 5.6Southern Ostrobothnia (Etelä-Pohjanmaa) 14 66 3.2 3.2Ostrobothnia (Pohjanmaa) 15 28 1.4 1.4Central Ostrobothnia (Keski-Pohjanmaa) 16 28 1.4 1.4Northern Ostrobothnia (Pohjois-Pohjanmaa) 17 126 6.1 6.1Kainuu 18 26 1.3 1.3Lapland (Lappi) 19 47 2.3 2.3
2056 100.0 100.0
[T3] Number of inhabitants in the respondent’s municipality of residence
Question
Number of inhabitants in the respondent’s municipality of residence
84
T5
Frequencies
label value n % v. %4,000 inhabitants 1 74 3.6 3.64,000 - 8,000 inhabitants 2 149 7.2 7.28,001 - 30,000 inhabitants 3 463 22.5 22.530,001 - 80,000 inhabitants 4 429 20.9 20.9More than 80 000 inhabitants 5 941 45.8 45.8
2056 100.0 100.0
[T4] The respondent’s basic education
Question
The respondent’s basic education
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Primary education (pre-1972) 1 251 12.2 12.2Lower secondary school (pre-1972) or comprehensiveschool
2 874 42.5 42.5
Upper secondary education (general) 3 931 45.3 45.32056 100.0 100.0
[T5] The respondent’s vocational education
Question
The respondent’s vocational education
Frequencies
label value n % v. %No vocational education 1 244 11.9 11.9Vocational course, other short vocational training 2 204 9.9 9.9Upper secondary level vocational education 3 501 24.4 24.4College level vocational education 4 466 22.7 22.7Polytechnic/university of applied sciences degree 5 204 9.9 9.9University or other higher education 6 437 21.3 21.3
2056 100.0 100.0
85
2. Variables
[T6] The respondent’s economic activity and occupational status
Question
The respondent’s economic activity and occupational status
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Higher managerial employee 1 56 2.7 2.7Lower managerial/professional employee 2 218 10.6 10.6Intermediate level employee (clerical, technical, ad-ministrative)
3 229 11.1 11.1
Worker 4 479 23.3 23.3Entrepreneur, self-employed, own account worker 5 140 6.8 6.8Farmer, agricultural entrepreneur (including forestry,horticulture, fishing etc.)
6 37 1.8 1.8
Student 7 146 7.1 7.1Pensioner/retired 8 538 26.2 26.2Housewife/house husband, homemaker 9 20 1.0 1.0Unemployed 10 154 7.5 7.5Other 11 39 1.9 1.9
2056 100.0 100.0
[T7] The respondent’s current or most recent industry of employment
Question
The respondent’s current or most recent industry of employment
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Agriculture and forestry 1 88 4.3 4.3Industry and manufacturing 2 472 23.0 23.0Private services 3 755 36.7 36.7Public services 4 701 34.1 34.1Not in employment 5 40 1.9 1.9
2056 100.0 100.0
86
T14A
[T8] If parliamentary elections were held now, which political party orgroup would you vote for?
Question
If parliamentary elections were held now, which political party or group would you vote for?
Frequencies
label value n % v. %National Coalition Party (KOK) 1 262 12.7 12.7Social Democratic Party of Finland (SDP) 2 223 10.8 10.8Finns Party (PS) 3 281 13.7 13.7Centre Party of Finland (KESK) 4 337 16.4 16.4Left Alliance (VAS) 5 161 7.8 7.8Green League (VIHR) 6 165 8.0 8.0Swedish People’s Party in Finland (RKP) 7 36 1.8 1.8Christian Democrats (KD) 8 32 1.6 1.6Other party or group 9 34 1.7 1.7I would not vote at all 10 117 5.7 5.7Can’t say 11 344 16.7 16.7Don’t want to say 12 64 3.1 3.1
2056 100.0 100.0
[T14] Are you a member of a federation of trade unions/professional or-ganisations?
Question
Are you a member of a federation of trade unions/professional organisations?
Frequencies
label value n % v. %No 1 1039 50.5 50.5Yes 2 1017 49.5 49.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[T14A] Which federation of trade unions/professional organisations areyou a member of?
Question
Which federation of trade unions/professional organisations are you a member of?
87
2. Variables
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK) 1 336 16.3 33.0Finnish Confederation of Professionals (STTK) 2 157 7.6 15.4Confederation of Unions for Academic Professionals(Akava)
3 307 14.9 30.2
Central Union of Agricultural Producers and ForestOwners (MTK)
4 32 1.6 3.1
Don’t know 5 185 9.0 18.2System missing (SYSMIS) . 1039 50.5 –
2056 100.0 100.0
[Q15] Which social class do you feel you primarily belong to?
Question
Which social class do you feel you primarily belong to?
Frequencies
label value n % v. %Working class 1 470 22.9 22.9Lower middle class 2 273 13.3 13.3Middle class 3 708 34.4 34.4Upper middle class 4 225 10.9 10.9Upper class 5 21 1.0 1.0Do not consider myself as belonging to any class 6 359 17.5 17.5
2056 100.0 100.0
[PAINO] Weight variable
Question
Weight variable
Descriptive statistics
statistic valuenumber of valid cases 2056minimum 0.28maximum 29.77
(continued on next page)
88
PAINO
(cont. from previous page)
statistic valuemean 1.80standard deviation 2.02
89
Chapter 3
Indexes
3.1 Variables in the order of occurrence
FSD study number [FSD_NO] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
FSD edition number [FSD_VR] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
FSD case id [FSD_ID] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
No party promotes issues that are important to me [Q1_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Finland has gone too far into globalisation; from now on we should return our focus to nationaleconomy and politics [Q1_2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Finland’s ageing and diminishing population means that Finland needs to make immigrationeasier [Q1_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Climate change is the biggest environmental threat of our time. In order to prevent it, everycountry must take immediate and effective measures [Q1_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Replacing people with machines and automation will cause permanent mass unemployment[Q1_5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
If Finns had a more positive attitude to entrepreneurship, the whole society would benefit[Q1_6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Politicians and political parties should inform citizens much more clearly than they do now ofthe kind of policies they would adopt after being elected [Q1_7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
I would be willing to accept a lower wage, if working hours were shortened and I had moreleisure time [Q1_8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Economic growth is the only way to continuous well-being [Q1_9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent [Q1_10] . . . . . . 10
Finland has to take quick measures to reduce its rapidly growing national debt, whatever cuts inbenefits and welfare it may require [Q1_11] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
High income tax reduces my willingness to work [Q1_12] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Finland should increasingly manage its relationship with Russia through the EU, not directly[Q1_13] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
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Income disparity between different population groups has grown too large in our country [Q1_14]12
It is likely that I will have to learn a new trade in the near future due to structural change [Q1_15]12
Alcohol problems are glossed over and downplayed at Finnish workplaces and generally insociety [Q1_16] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values[Q1_17] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Interest groups have too much influence on Finland’s political decision making [Q1_18] . . . 13
It doesn’t make a difference which parties form the government after the next parliamentaryelections, the present policy is not going to change [Q1_19] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Finland should participate in international tax competition more, and lower income, corporationand capital taxes considerably [Q1_20] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
It would be good if the party system in Finland developed towards a two-party system (a sys-tem of two leading parties, for example, a ’bourgeois’/conservative party and a ’leftist’ party)[Q1_21] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
It is fair that the foreign top experts persuaded to move to Finland pay a lower income tax thanordinary Finnish citizens [Q1_22] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Even though comprehensive social security and public services are costly, Finnish welfare stateis always good value for money [Q1_23] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
If taxes were lowered, I would be willing to give up some of the services I receive from the stateand municipalities [Q1_24] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Personally, I would be glad to pay more taxes than I do at the moment [Q1_25] . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Instead of constantly raising taxes, the efficiency of the public sector should be improved[Q1_26] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Being an entrepreneur in Finland entails so high payments and risks that ’only a madman’ wouldwant to become an entrepreneur in favour of a steady paid job [Q1_27] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
A model based on freedom of choice should be adopted in public primary health care, wherecitizens can choose their place of treatment out of municipal health centres and private healthcare units [Q1_28] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
In the current financial situation, introducing tax cuts would display a lack of solidarity becausethey would mainly benefit people with average and high income [Q1_29] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Unless the organisation and activities of the trade union movement are rebuilt on a totally newbasis, it will not be able to promote the interests of its members in the future [Q1_30] . . . . . 19
I would be willing to take any job going rather than be unemployed [Q1_31] . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Even if taxation in Finland were to increase somewhat from its current level, it would not causesignificant harm to the economy and investments [Q1_32] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Recent events in the Middle East (e.g. ISIS) have increased the threat of terrorism also in Finland[Q1_33] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have no reason to take a negative attitude to
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3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence
this big neighbour [Q1_34] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Finland has a responsibility to participate in international crisis management operations all overthe world [Q1_35] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
I am interested in politics and follow it actively [Q1_36] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
What is essential in public services is their availability to all citizens, not who provides them[Q1_37] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
I am so attached to my own region of residence that I would not move anywhere else even toget a job [Q1_38] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Increased threat of Russia has already led to a growth in ’Finlandisation’ [Q1_39] . . . . . . . . . 22
It is good that right-wing and left-wing parties can be in the same government in Finland[Q1_40] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
It is fair that top professionals are significantly better paid than others, even if it increasesincome inequality [Q1_41] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Basic income or the so-called citizen’s income is a bad idea, because ’free’ money eliminatespeople’s willingness to work [Q1_42] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
It would be fair if people who take good care of their health were provided incentives, such astax deductions [Q1_43] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Finland should join NATO [Q1_44] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
The crisis in Ukraine and Russia’s increased military operations have made my attitude towardsFinland’s potential NATO membership more positive than before [Q1_45] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Taxation should be lowered so that highly skilled people and owners / big shareholders wouldnot move away from Finland [Q1_46] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
In the future, Finland’s pension systems will collapse and the payment of even ’already earned’pensions will become impossible [Q1_47] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Limiting the availability or advertising of alcohol will not fix the alcohol problems in Finland[Q1_48] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Improvingemployment/reducing unemployment [Q2_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Preventingthe growth of national debt [Q2_2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Loweringtaxes [Q2_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Improvingthe level of social security benefits [Q2_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: PromotingFinland’s NATO membership [Q2_5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Increasingfreedom of choice in health care [Q2_6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Increasing
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3. Indexes
the funding of education [Q2_7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Stricter envi-ronmental laws [Q2_8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Increasinglabour market flexibility [Q2_9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Reducing theproblems of growth centres [Q2_10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Reducing theproblems of rural and remote areas [Q2_11] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Preventingcrime [Q2_12] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Promotingimmigration [Q2_13] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Promotingeconomic competition [Q2_14] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: EU issues,taking a more active role in developing the Union [Q2_15] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Foreignrelations, being active in foreign policy issues [Q2_16] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Developmentcooperation, helping developing countries [Q2_17] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Advancingeconomic growth [Q2_18] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Cutting publicspending [Q2_19] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Skilled in eco-nomics, creator of new jobs and growth [Q3A_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Unites the nation,builds peace [Q3A_2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Patriotic, hasalways Finland’s best interest in mind [Q3A_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Trustworthyleader, does not falter in difficult situations [Q3A_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Skilled in foreignand security policy [Q3A_5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Independent ofinterest groups and ’cliques’ [Q3A_6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Able to representFinland, even by international standards [Q3A_7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Understands the
94
3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence
everyday life of ordinary Finns [Q3A_8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Fair and just,able to see all the different sides of an issue [Q3A_9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Stands up forthe weak and oppressed [Q3A_10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Skilled in eco-nomics, creator of new jobs and growth [Q3B_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Unites the nation,builds peace [Q3B_2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Patriotic, hasalways Finland’s best interest in mind [Q3B_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Trustworthyleader, does not falter in difficult situations [Q3B_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Skilled in foreignand security policy [Q3B_5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Independent ofinterest groups and ’cliques’ [Q3B_6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Able to representFinland, even by international standards [Q3B_7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Understands theeveryday life of ordinary Finns [Q3B_8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Fair and just, ableto see all the different sides of an issue [Q3B_9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Stands up for theweak and oppressed [Q3B_10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Skilled in eco-nomics, creator of new jobs and growth [Q3C_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Unites the nation,builds peace [Q3C_2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Patriotic, hasalways Finland’s best interest in mind [Q3C_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Trustworthyleader, does not falter in difficult situations [Q3C_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Skilled in foreignand security policy [Q3C_5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Independent ofinterest groups and ’cliques’ [Q3C_6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Able to representFinland, even by international standards [Q3C_7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Understands the
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3. Indexes
everyday life of ordinary Finns [Q3C_8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Fair and just,able to see all the different sides of an issue [Q3C_9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Stands up for theweak and oppressed [Q3C_10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Skilled ineconomics, creator of new jobs and growth [Q3D_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Unites thenation, builds peace [Q3D_2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Patriotic,has always Finland’s best interest in mind [Q3D_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Trustworthyleader, does not falter in difficult situations [Q3D_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Skilled inforeign and security policy [Q3D_5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Independentof interest groups and ’cliques’ [Q3D_6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Able torepresent Finland, even by international standards [Q3D_7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Understandsthe everyday life of ordinary Finns [Q3D_8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Fair andjust, able to see all the different sides of an issue [Q3D_9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Stands upfor the weak and oppressed [Q3D_10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Decision-makers aretoo inexperienced [Q4_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Politicians are guidedtoo much by self-interest [Q4_2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: There are too manypolitical parties with diverging goals in Finland [Q4_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Politicians are afraidof polls, of being judged by the people [Q4_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Decision-makershave become alienated from the everyday life of Finns [Q4_5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Politicians are afraidof media reaction and negative publicity [Q4_6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Decision-making hasshifted too much to the EU [Q4_7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: The position of the
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3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence
Prime Minister is too weak [Q4_8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Politicians attemptto secure populist ’quick wins’ [Q4_9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: The role of bureau-cracy is too strong [Q4_10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Taxation in Finland is too severe [Q5_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Stricter income taxation of high income earners (progressive taxation) is fair nowadays [Q5_2]59
Differences in financial circumstances between population groups are evened out too muchthrough taxation [Q5_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Labour taxation should be lowered and the tax burden on consumption increased [Q5_4] . . 59
Tax cuts would increase tax revenue, as economic activity would increase [Q5_5] . . . . . . . . . 60
Taxation should not be lowered if it leads to the weakening of social security and public services[Q5_6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
I feel my taxes are unfairly high [Q5_7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Earned income (wages and pen-sions) taxes should be... [Q6_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Corporate income taxes shouldbe... [Q6_2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Capital income (investment in-come) taxes should be... [Q6_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Inheritance and gift taxes shouldbe... [Q6_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Immovable property (real estate)taxes should be... [Q6_5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Energy taxes and excise dutieson fuels should be... [Q6_6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Excise duties on alcoholic bev-erages should be... [Q6_7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Consumption taxes (value-addedtax, VAT) should be... [Q6_8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? VAT on food should be... [Q6_9]64
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Total tax rate, that is, collectedtotal tax revenues, should be... [Q6_10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over thenext few years: Terms and conditions of employment will be agreed locally/at company level[Q7_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over the
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3. Indexes
next few years: Casual work and project-length contracts will increase [Q7_2] . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over the nextfew years: An increasing number of people will become entrepreneurs/self-employed instead ofbeing employees [Q7_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over thenext few years: People will learn to accept insecure jobs [Q7_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over thenext few years: There will be better possibilities to choose what one’s duties at work are [Q7_5]67
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over thenext few years: Ageing people will carry on working to a significantly higher age than they donowadays [Q7_6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Increasing weekly working hours [Q8_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Making it more difficult to take early retirement or get disability pension [Q8_2] . . . . . . . . . . 69
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Raising old-age pension age to make people work longer [Q8_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Reducing the duration of full-time education to make young people graduate sooner, increasingworking careers from the beginning [Q8_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Providing new financial incentives for older people willing to work longer [Q8_5] . . . . . . . . 70
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Increasing annual working hours by shortening annual leave entitlement [Q8_6] . . . . . . . . . . 71
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Increasing the working age population by promoting immigration to Finland [Q8_7] . . . . . . 71
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Making it more difficult to get unemployment benefits [Q8_8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Wait-ing time to get a doctor’s appointment in municipal health centres [Q9_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Pre-vention of health problems, early intervention [Q9_2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Equal-ity between citizens in health care [Q9_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Wait-ing times for surgery and other kinds of secondary care [Q9_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Re-habilitation therapy after treatment [Q9_5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Payingattention to customers’ concerns and opinions [Q9_6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
98
3.1. Variables in the order of occurrence
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Free-dom of choice, possibility for citizens to choose where and by whom they are to be treated[Q9_7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Ser-vices are located close enough [Q9_8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Which health services do you primarily use? Do you use... [Q10A] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
How healthy do you feel nowadays? Do you feel... [Q10B] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Goodneighbour and cooperation partner [Q11_1] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Majormilitary threat [Q11_2] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Devel-oping democracy [Q11_3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Dicta-torship with a strong central control [Q11_4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Unstableand unpredictable [Q11_5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Impor-tant business partner [Q11_6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Unreli-able contracting party [Q11_7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Russiancitizens are pleasant people [Q11_8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Devel-oping quickly and becoming rapidly more affluent [Q11_9] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Unequal,wide income and welfare disparity [Q11_10] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Part ofthe European cultural sphere [Q11_11] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
What is your attitude towards Finland’s EU membership at present? [Q12A] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
And what is your attitude towards the fact that our currency was changed from the Finnish markto euro? [Q12B] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Do you think that the euro and EMU membership are an advantage or disadvantage to Finlandin the current economic situation? [Q12C] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
If the referendum on Finland’s EU membership was held now, would you be in favour of themembership or against it? [Q12D] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
The respondent’s gender [PSUKUP] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
The respondent’s year of birth [PSVUOSI] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
The respondent’s region of residence (NUTS3) [PMAAK] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
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Number of inhabitants in the respondent’s municipality of residence [T3] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
The respondent’s basic education [T4] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
The respondent’s vocational education [T5] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
The respondent’s economic activity and occupational status [T6] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
The respondent’s current or most recent industry of employment [T7] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
If parliamentary elections were held now, which political party or group would you vote for?[T8] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Are you a member of a federation of trade unions/professional organisations? [T14] . . . . . . . 87
Which federation of trade unions/professional organisations are you a member of? [T14A] . 87
Which social class do you feel you primarily belong to? [Q15] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Weight variable [PAINO] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
100
3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
3.2 Variables in alphabetical order
A model based on freedom of choice should be adopted in public primary health care, wherecitizens can choose their place of treatment out of municipal health centres and private healthcare units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Alcohol problems are glossed over and downplayed at Finnish workplaces and generally insociety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
And what is your attitude towards the fact that our currency was changed from the Finnish markto euro? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Are you a member of a federation of trade unions/professional organisations? . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Basic income or the so-called citizen’s income is a bad idea, because ’free’ money eliminatespeople’s willingness to work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Being an entrepreneur in Finland entails so high payments and risks that ’only a madman’ wouldwant to become an entrepreneur in favour of a steady paid job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Climate change is the biggest environmental threat of our time. In order to prevent it, everycountry must take immediate and effective measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Differences in financial circumstances between population groups are evened out too muchthrough taxation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Do you think that the euro and EMU membership are an advantage or disadvantage to Finlandin the current economic situation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Economic growth is the only way to continuous well-being . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Even if taxation in Finland were to increase somewhat from its current level, it would not causesignificant harm to the economy and investments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Even though comprehensive social security and public services are costly, Finnish welfare stateis always good value for money . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Even though Russia has its own problems, Finns have no reason to take a negative attitude tothis big neighbour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Finland has a responsibility to participate in international crisis management operations all overthe world . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Finland has gone too far into globalisation; from now on we should return our focus to nationaleconomy and politics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Finland has to take quick measures to reduce its rapidly growing national debt, whatever cuts inbenefits and welfare it may require . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Finland needs strong leaders who can restore order, discipline and respect for proper values 13
Finland should increasingly manage its relationship with Russia through the EU, not directly 11
Finland should join NATO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Finland should participate in international tax competition more, and lower income, corporationand capital taxes considerably . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Finland’s ageing and diminishing population means that Finland needs to make immigrationeasier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
101
3. Indexes
FSD case id . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
FSD edition number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
FSD study number . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
High income tax reduces my willingness to work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Devel-oping democracy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Devel-oping quickly and becoming rapidly more affluent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Dicta-torship with a strong central control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Goodneighbour and cooperation partner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .77
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Impor-tant business partner . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Majormilitary threat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Part ofthe European cultural sphere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Russiancitizens are pleasant people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Unequal,wide income and welfare disparity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Unreli-able contracting party . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
How does this characterisation of Russia coincide with your own views of the country: Unstableand unpredictable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Increasing annual working hours by shortening annual leave entitlement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Increasing the working age population by promoting immigration to Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Increasing weekly working hours . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .68
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Making it more difficult to get unemployment benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .72
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Making it more difficult to take early retirement or get disability pension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Providing new financial incentives for older people willing to work longer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:
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3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
Raising old-age pension age to make people work longer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
How good or bad a way do you consider the following to be to make Finns work more/longer:Reducing the duration of full-time education to make young people graduate sooner, increasingworking careers from the beginning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
How healthy do you feel nowadays? Do you feel... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over thenext few years: Ageing people will carry on working to a significantly higher age than they donowadays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over the nextfew years: An increasing number of people will become entrepreneurs/self-employed instead ofbeing employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .66
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over thenext few years: Casual work and project-length contracts will increase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over thenext few years: People will learn to accept insecure jobs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over thenext few years: Terms and conditions of employment will be agreed locally/at company level65
How likely do you consider the following developments in the Finnish working life over thenext few years: There will be better possibilities to choose what one’s duties at work are . . . 67
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Able torepresent Finland, even by international standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Fair andjust, able to see all the different sides of an issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Independentof interest groups and ’cliques’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Patriotic,has always Finland’s best interest in mind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Skilled ineconomics, creator of new jobs and growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Skilled inforeign and security policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Stands upfor the weak and oppressed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Trustworthyleader, does not falter in difficult situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Understandsthe everyday life of ordinary Finns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Alexander Stubb: Unites thenation, builds peace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
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3. Indexes
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Able to representFinland, even by international standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .39
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Fair and just,able to see all the different sides of an issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Independent ofinterest groups and ’cliques’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Patriotic, hasalways Finland’s best interest in mind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Skilled in eco-nomics, creator of new jobs and growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Skilled in foreignand security policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Stands up forthe weak and oppressed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Trustworthyleader, does not falter in difficult situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Understands theeveryday life of ordinary Finns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Antti Rinne: Unites the nation,builds peace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Able to representFinland, even by international standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Fair and just, ableto see all the different sides of an issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Independent ofinterest groups and ’cliques’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Patriotic, hasalways Finland’s best interest in mind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Skilled in eco-nomics, creator of new jobs and growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Skilled in foreignand security policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Stands up for theweak and oppressed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Trustworthyleader, does not falter in difficult situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Understands theeveryday life of ordinary Finns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Juha Sipilä: Unites the nation,builds peace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
104
3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Able to representFinland, even by international standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .48
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Fair and just,able to see all the different sides of an issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Independent ofinterest groups and ’cliques’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Patriotic, hasalways Finland’s best interest in mind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .46
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Skilled in eco-nomics, creator of new jobs and growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Skilled in foreignand security policy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Stands up for theweak and oppressed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Trustworthyleader, does not falter in difficult situations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Understands theeveryday life of ordinary Finns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
How well do the following describe the Prime Minister candidate Timo Soini: Unites the nation,builds peace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
I am interested in politics and follow it actively . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
I am so attached to my own region of residence that I would not move anywhere else even toget a job . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
I feel my taxes are unfairly high . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
I would be willing to accept a lower wage, if working hours were shortened and I had moreleisure time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
I would be willing to take any job going rather than be unemployed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
If Finns had a more positive attitude to entrepreneurship, the whole society would benefit . . . 8
If parliamentary elections were held now, which political party or group would you vote for? 87
If taxes were lowered, I would be willing to give up some of the services I receive from the stateand municipalities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
If the referendum on Finland’s EU membership was held now, would you be in favour of themembership or against it? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
In Finland, the interests of employees and employers are largely convergent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
In the current financial situation, introducing tax cuts would display a lack of solidarity becausethey would mainly benefit people with average and high income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
In the future, Finland’s pension systems will collapse and the payment of even ’already earned’pensions will become impossible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Equal-
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3. Indexes
ity between citizens in health care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Free-dom of choice, possibility for citizens to choose where and by whom they are to be treated75
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Payingattention to customers’ concerns and opinions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Pre-vention of health problems, early intervention . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Re-habilitation therapy after treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Ser-vices are located close enough . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Wait-ing time to get a doctor’s appointment in municipal health centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
In your opinion, how well or poorly does health care function nowadays in the following: Wait-ing times for surgery and other kinds of secondary care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Income disparity between different population groups has grown too large in our country . . 12
Increased threat of Russia has already led to a growth in ’Finlandisation’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Instead of constantly raising taxes, the efficiency of the public sector should be improved . . 17
Interest groups have too much influence on Finland’s political decision making . . . . . . . . . . . 13
It doesn’t make a difference which parties form the government after the next parliamentaryelections, the present policy is not going to change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
It is fair that the foreign top experts persuaded to move to Finland pay a lower income tax thanordinary Finnish citizens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
It is fair that top professionals are significantly better paid than others, even if it increasesincome inequality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
It is good that right-wing and left-wing parties can be in the same government in Finland . . 23
It is likely that I will have to learn a new trade in the near future due to structural change . . .12
It would be fair if people who take good care of their health were provided incentives, such astax deductions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
It would be good if the party system in Finland developed towards a two-party system (a systemof two leading parties, for example, a ’bourgeois’/conservative party and a ’leftist’ party) . . 15
Labour taxation should be lowered and the tax burden on consumption increased . . . . . . . . . .59
Limiting the availability or advertising of alcohol will not fix the alcohol problems in Finland26
No party promotes issues that are important to me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Number of inhabitants in the respondent’s municipality of residence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Personally, I would be glad to pay more taxes than I do at the moment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
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3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
Politicians and political parties should inform citizens much more clearly than they do now ofthe kind of policies they would adopt after being elected . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Recent events in the Middle East (e.g. ISIS) have increased the threat of terrorism also in Finland20
Replacing people with machines and automation will cause permanent mass unemployment .8
Stricter income taxation of high income earners (progressive taxation) is fair nowadays . . . . 59
Tax cuts would increase tax revenue, as economic activity would increase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Taxation in Finland is too severe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Taxation should be lowered so that highly skilled people and owners / big shareholders wouldnot move away from Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Taxation should not be lowered if it leads to the weakening of social security and public services60
The crisis in Ukraine and Russia’s increased military operations have made my attitude towardsFinland’s potential NATO membership more positive than before . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
The respondent’s basic education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
The respondent’s current or most recent industry of employment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
The respondent’s economic activity and occupational status . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
The respondent’s gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83
The respondent’s region of residence (NUTS3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
The respondent’s vocational education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
The respondent’s year of birth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Decision-makers aretoo inexperienced . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Decision-makershave become alienated from the everyday life of Finns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Decision-making hasshifted too much to the EU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Politicians are afraidof media reaction and negative publicity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Politicians are afraidof polls, of being judged by the people . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Politicians are guidedtoo much by self-interest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: Politicians attemptto secure populist ’quick wins’ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: The position of thePrime Minister is too weak . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: The role of bureau-
107
3. Indexes
cracy is too strong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
To what extent is the so-called lack of leadership caused by the following: There are too manypolitical parties with diverging goals in Finland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Unless the organisation and activities of the trade union movement are rebuilt on a totally newbasis, it will not be able to promote the interests of its members in the future . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19
Weight variable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .88
What is essential in public services is their availability to all citizens, not who provides them 22
What is your attitude towards Finland’s EU membership at present? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Which federation of trade unions/professional organisations are you a member of? . . . . . . . . 87
Which health services do you primarily use? Do you use... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Advancingeconomic growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Cutting publicspending . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Developmentcooperation, helping developing countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: EU issues,taking a more active role in developing the Union . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Foreignrelations, being active in foreign policy issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Improvingemployment/reducing unemployment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Improvingthe level of social security benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Increasingfreedom of choice in health care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Increasinglabour market flexibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Increasingthe funding of education . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Loweringtaxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Preventingcrime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Preventingthe growth of national debt . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Promotingeconomic competition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Promoting
108
3.2. Variables in alphabetical order
Finland’s NATO membership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Promotingimmigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Reducing theproblems of growth centres . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Reducing theproblems of rural and remote areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Which issues do you think the future government should emphasise in its actions: Stricter envi-ronmental laws . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Which social class do you feel you primarily belong to? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Capital income (investment in-come) taxes should be... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Consumption taxes (value-addedtax, VAT) should be... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Corporate income taxes shouldbe... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Earned income (wages and pen-sions) taxes should be... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Energy taxes and excise dutieson fuels should be... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Excise duties on alcoholic bev-erages should be... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Immovable property (real estate)taxes should be... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Inheritance and gift taxes shouldbe... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? Total tax rate, that is, collectedtotal tax revenues, should be... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Would you want to change Finland’s present taxation system? VAT on food should be... . . . 64
109
Appendix A
Questionnaire in Finnish
111
KYSELYLOMAKE: FSD3001 EVAN KANSALLINEN ASENNETUTKIMUS 2015
QUESTIONNAIRE: FSD3001 EVA SURVEY ON FINNISH VALUES AND ATTITUDES 2015
Tämä kyselylomake on osa yllä mainittua Yhteiskuntatieteelliseen tietoarkistoon arkistoituatutkimusaineistoa.
Kyselylomaketta hyödyntävien tulee viitata siihen asianmukaisesti lähdeviitteellä.
Lisätiedot: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/
This questionnaire forms a part of the above mentioned dataset, archived at the Finnish SocialScience Data Archive.
If the questionnaire is used or referred to in any way, the source must be acknowledged bymeans of an appropriate bibliographic citation.
More information: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/
Detta frågeformulär utgör en del av den ovannämda datamängden, arkiverad på Finlands sam-hällsvetenskapliga dataarkiv.
Om frågeformuläret är utnyttjat eller refererat till måste källan anges i form av bibliografiskreferens.
Mer information: http://www.fsd.uta.fi/
1.Jokseen-kin samaa
mieltä
Jokseen-kin erimieltä
Täysineri
mieltä
Täysinsamaamieltä
Mitä mieltä olette seuraavista väittämistä?
Mikään puolue ei aja juuri minulle tärkeitä asioita
Vai-kea
sanoa
Poliitikkojen ja puolueiden tulisi kertoa kansalle paljon nykyistä selkeämmin, millaista politiikkaa he harjoittaisivat tultuaan valituksi
Olisin valmis tinkimään palkastani, mikäli työaikaa lyhennettäisiin ja saisin enemmän vapaa-aikaa
Ihmisten hyvinvoinnin jatkuminen voi perustua vain taloudelliseen kasvuun
Korkea tulovero vähentää työhalujani
Suomen kannattaisi hoitaa Venäjä-suhteitaan enenevästi EUn kautta eikä kahdenvälisesti
Tuloerot väestöryhmien välillä ovat kasvaneet maassamme liian suuriksi
On todennäköistä että lähitulevaisuudessa joudun rakennemuutoksen vuoksi opettelemaan uuden ammatin
On samantekevää mitkä puolueet istuvat kevään eduskuntavaalien jälkeisessä hallituksessa, asiat/harjoitettava politiikka ei siitä muutu
Olisi hyvä, jos Suomen puoluekenttä kehittyisi kohti kaksipuoluejärjestelmää (kah-den johtavan puolueen järjestelmää, esim. 'porvaripuolue' ja 'vasemmistopuolue')
On oikein, että Suomeen houkutellut ulkomaalaiset huippuosaajat maksavat pienempää tuloveroa kuin tavalliset suomalaiset
Etujärjestöillä on maassamme aivan liian paljon vaikutusvaltaa poliittisessa päätöksenteossa
08 ........ 28 ........ 23 ........ 33 ........ 08
15 ........ 34 ........ 17 ........ 26 ........ 08
05 ........ 24 ........ 22 ........ 33 ........ 16
30 ........ 38 ........ 14 ........ 12 ........ 05
14 ........ 34 ........ 18 ........ 27 ........ 07
44 ........ 39 ........ 13 ........ 04 ........ 01
58 ........ 33 ........ 07 ........ 01 ........ 00
12 ........ 28 ........ 26 ........ 21 ........ 13
09 ........ 29 ........ 23 ........ 29 ........ 10
14 ........ 33 ........ 20 ........ 26 ........ 07
04 ........ 22 ........ 27 ........ 34 ........ 13
15 ........ 27 ........ 17 ........ 28 ........ 13
05 ........ 16 ........ 32 ........ 36 ........ 11
33 ........ 36 ........ 15 ........ 13 ........ 04
05 ........ 13 ........ 25 ........ 28 ........ 29
24 ........ 34 ........ 19 ........ 20 ........ 04
32 ........ 38 ........ 10 ........ 14 ........ 05
19 ........ 37 ........ 24 ........ 17 ........ 04
18 ........ 34 ........ 14 ........ 23 ........ 11
16 ........ 30 ........ 25 ........ 20 ........ 08
04 ........ 13 ........ 29 ........ 28 ........ 26
02 ........ 07 ........ 10 ........ 39 ........ 42
29 ........ 41 ........ 13 ........ 14 ........ 03
12 ........ 35 ........ 22 ........ 20 ........ 10
Kysymykset ja vastausten suorat jakaumat Arvo‐ ja asennetutkimus 2015 / EVA
Suomi on mennyt liian pitkälle mukaan globalisaatioon, jatkossa maamme pitäisi palata kohti kansallisempaa taloutta ja politiikkaa
Maamme väestön ikääntyminen ja uhkaava vähentyminen edellyttävät ulkomaalaisten Suomeen muuton helpottamista
Ilmastonmuutos on aikamme suurin ympäristöuhka, jonka torjumiseksi on nopeasti ryhdyttävä tehokkaisiin toimiin kaikissa maissa
Mikäli maassamme suhtauduttaisiin myönteisemmin yrittämiseen, siitä hyötyisi koko yhteiskunta
Työntekijöiden ja työnantajien edut ovat Suomessa nykyään pitkälti yhteneväiset
Maamme kaipaa vahvoja johtajia, jotka kykenevät palauttamaan yhteis-kuntaamme kurin ja järjestyksen sekä oikeiden arvojen kunnioituksen
Suomen pitäisi osallistua nykyistä voimakkaammin kansainväliseen verokil-pailuun ja alentaa niin palkka-, yritys- kuin pääomaverotustaankin tuntuvasti
Vaikka hyvän sosiaaliturvan ja muiden julkisten palvelujen ylläpitäminen maksaa paljon, suomalainen hyvinvointivaltio on aina hintansa arvoinen
Jos veroja alennettaisiin, olisin valmis luopumaan joistakin valtiolta ja kunnilta saamistani palveluista
Ihmistyön korvaaminen koneilla ja automaatiolla johtaa pysyvään suur-työttömyyteen
Maamme nopeasti kasvanut valtionvelka on pakko saada pikaisesti kuriin riippumatta siitä millaisia etujen etujen ja hyvinvoinnin leikkauksia siitä kansalaisille seuraa
Alkoholiongelmia hyssytellään suomalaisilla työpaikoilla ja laajemminkin yhteiskunnassa
Kysymystekstit on purettu tiedonkeruussa käytetystä sähköisestä lomakesivustosta (Ohjelmoitu lomake T13694, Taloustutkimus Oy). Sisältö on taitettu graafisesti tiiviimpään, kirjallisen kyselylomakkeen kaltaiseen muotoon. Vastausvaihtoehtojen numeeristen koodien tilalle on merkitty niiden saamat prosenttiosuudet.
Jokseen-kin samaa
mieltä
Jokseen-kin erimieltä
Täysineri
mieltä
Vai-kea
sanoa
Täysinsamaamieltä
(jatkuu...)
Maksaisin henkilökohtaisesti mielelläni nykyistä enemmän veroja
Veronalennukset olisivat epäsolidaarisia nykyisessä taloustilanteessa, koska niistä hyötyisivät pääasiassa keski- ja hyvätuloiset
Ellei ammattiyhdistysliikkeen organisaatiota ja toimintaa rakenneta kokonaan uudelle pohjalle, se ei kykene enää tulevaisuudessa ajamaan jäsentensä etuja
Vaikka verotus Suomessa kiristyisikin hieman nykytasoltaan, se ei aiheuttaisi merkittävää haittaa taloudelle ja investoinneille
Viimeaikaiset tapahtumat Lähi-idässä (mm. ISIS) ovat lisänneet terrorismin uhkaa Suomessakin
Suomella on velvollisuus osallistua kansainvälisiin kriisinhallintatehtäviin eri puolilla maailmaa
Olen kiinnostunut politiikasta ja seuraan sitä aktiivisesti
Olen kiinnittynyt omaan asuinseutuuni niin, etten edes työtä saadakseni muuttaisi mihinkään muualle
Kasvanut Venäjän uhka on jo johtanut maassamme lisääntyneeseen 'suomettumiseen'
On hyvä asia, että Suomessa porvarilliset puolueet ja vasemmistopuolueet mahtuvat istumaan samassa hallituksessa
Perustulo tai ns. kansalaispalkka on huono ajatus, sillä 'ilmainen' raha vie ihmisiltä työhalut
Suomen tulisi liittyä NATOon
Verotusta pitäisi alentaa, etteivät osaajat ja omistajat muuttaisi pois Suomesta
03 ........ 13 ........ 19 ........ 36 ........ 29
40 ........ 39 ........ 16 ........ 04 ........ 01
25 ........ 38 ........ 20 ........ 14 ........ 04
24 ........ 36 ........ 19 ........ 16 ........ 05
15 ........ 31 ........ 28 ........ 18 ........ 07
13 ........ 30 ........ 41 ........ 13 ........ 04
17 ........ 35 ........ 18 ........ 19 ........ 11
06 ........ 26 ........ 28 ........ 30 ........ 11
23 ........ 44 ........ 17 ........ 13 ........ 03
11 ........ 32 ........ 19 ........ 28 ........ 09
09 ........ 36 ........ 17 ........ 28 ........ 10
19 ........ 41 ........ 11 ........ 20 ........ 09
30 ........ 47 ........ 07 ........ 13 ........ 02
13 ........ 22 ........ 18 ........ 27 ........ 21
05 ........ 24 ........ 37 ........ 28 ........ 06
21 ........ 43 ........ 20 ........ 11 ........ 04
16 ........ 37 ........ 16 ........ 23 ........ 07
23 ........ 27 ........ 17 ........ 21 ........ 12
14 ........ 27 ........ 23 ........ 23 ........ 12
12 ........ 14 ........ 32 ........ 16 ........ 27
12 ........ 30 ........ 21 ........ 16 ........ 20
18 ........ 36 ........ 21 ........ 18 ........ 07
14 ........ 32 ........ 30 ........ 17 ........ 07
66 ........ 21 ........ 05 ........ 05 ........ 03Alkoholin saatavuuden tai mainonnan rajoittaminen ei korjaa Suomen alkoholiongelmia
Tulevaisuudessa maamme eläkejärjestelmät romahtavat eikä edes 'jo ansaittuja' eläkkeitä kyetä maksamaan
Vaikka Venäjällä on omat ongelmansa, suomalaisilla ei ole nykyisin mitään syytä suhtautua suureen naapuriinsa kielteisesti
Julkisessa perusterveydenhuollossa pitäisi siirtyä valinnanvapausmalliin, jossa kansalaiset voivat valita hoitopaikkansa vapaasti kunnallisista ter-veyskeskuksista tai yksityisistä lääkäriasemista
Yrittäjänä toimimiseen liittyy Suomessa niin suuria maksuja ja riskejä, että 'vain hullu' ryhtyy turvallisen palkkatyön sijasta yrittäjäksi
Verotuksen jatkuvan kiristämisen sijaan julkisen talouden toimintaa pitäisi tehostaa
On oikein, että huippuosaajille maksetaan työstään selvästi parempaa palkkaa, vaikka se kasvattaisikin tuloeroja
Olisi oikein, jos terveydestään hyvin huolehtivat saisivat kannustimia, esim. verovähennyksiä
Ukrainan kriisi ja Venäjän lisääntyneet sotilaalliset toimet ovat muutta-neet suhtautumistani maamme mahdolliseen Nato-jäsenyyteen aiempaa myönteisemmäksi
Olisin valmis ottamaan vastaan mitä tahansa työtä, jos vaihtoehtona olisi työttömyys
Olennaista julkisissa palveluissa ei ole se, kuka ne tuottaa, vaan se että ne ovat kaikkien saatavilla
Tulisi painottua nykyistä...
Kutennykyi-
sin
Hiemanvähem-
män
Enosaa
sanoa
Paljon enem-
män
Hiemanenem-män
Paljonvähem-
män
2.
Työllisyyden parantaminen, työttömyyden vähentäminen 65 ....... 27 ....... 06 ....... 00 ....... 00 01Valtion velkaantumisen pysäyttäminen 46 ....... 34 ....... 14 ....... 03 ....... 01 03
Verotuksen alentaminen 19 ....... 31 ....... 29 ....... 11 ....... 06 03Sosiaalietuuksien tason korottaminen 07 ....... 17 ....... 38 ....... 18 ....... 15 05
Maamme NATO-jäsenyyden edistäminen 10 ....... 13 ....... 29 ....... 12 ....... 28 08Valinnanvapauden lisääminen terveydenhuollossa 15 ....... 36 ....... 30 ....... 09 ....... 06 05
Koulutuksen rahoituksen lisääminen 13 ....... 37 ....... 38 ....... 06 ....... 02 04Ympäristösuojelusäädösten tiukentaminen 12 ....... 24 ....... 31 ....... 15 ....... 15 03Työmarkkinoiden joustavuuden lisääminen 22 ....... 40 ....... 24 ....... 05 ....... 03 05Kasvukeskusten ongelmien helpottaminen 08 ....... 32 ....... 41 ....... 09 ....... 03 07
Maaseudun ja syrjä-alueiden ongelmien helpottaminen 27 ....... 37 ....... 25 ....... 05 ....... 03 03Rikollisuuden torjunta 32 ....... 33 ....... 29 ....... 02 ....... 01 02
Maahanmuuton edistäminen 03 ....... 12 ....... 35 ....... 18 ....... 29 04Markkinaehtoisuuden ja kilpailun edistäminen 12 ....... 30 ....... 38 ....... 09 ....... 04 07
EU-asiat, aktiivisuus unionin kehittämisessä 06 ....... 23 ....... 43 ....... 14 ....... 09 05Ulkosuhteiden hoito, aktiivisuus ulkopolitiikassa 08 ....... 29 ....... 50 ....... 06 ....... 02 04
Kehitysyhteistyö, kehitysmaiden auttaminen 04 ....... 11 ....... 37 ....... 21 ....... 23 03Talouskasvun kiihdyttäminen 24 ....... 38 ....... 23 ....... 07 ....... 03 05
Julkisten menojen leikkaaminen 21 ....... 26 ....... 26 ....... 14 ....... 08 05
Erittäin hyvin
Melko hyvin
3.
Talouden osaaja, uusien työpaikkojen ja kasvun luoja 04 ........ 31 ........ 26 ........ 12 27Kansan eheyttäjä ja sovun rakentaja 02 ........ 26 ........ 31 ........ 12 29
Isänmaallinen, ajaa aina Suomen etua 04 ........ 40 ........ 18 ........ 08 31Luotettava johtaja, ei horju vaikeissakaan tilanteissa 02 ........ 24 ........ 28 ........ 12 34
Ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikan vahva osaaja 01 ........ 06 ........ 36 ........ 23 34Eri etupiireistä ja 'klikeistä' riippumaton 01 ........ 10 ........ 31 ........ 28 30
Edustava kansainvälistenkin mittojen mukaan 01 ........ 14 ........ 37 ........ 21 27Ymmärtää tavallisen suomalaisen arkea 09 ........ 40 ........ 17 ........ 08 26
Oikeudenmukainen, näkee asioiden eri puolet 05 ........ 33 ........ 22 ........ 09 32Puolustaa yhteiskunnan heikkoja ja sorrettuja 08 ........ 39 ........ 17 ........ 07 29
Kevään eduskuntavaalien jälkeen maahamme muodostetaan uusi hallitus. Miten seuraavien asioiden tulisi mie-lestänne painottua tulevan hallituksen toiminnassa verrattuna maassamme viime vuosina harjoitettuun politiik-kaan?
Suomen seuraava pääministeri tulee näillä näkymin olemaan Antti Rinne, Juha Sipilä, Timo Soini tai Alexander Stubb. Kuinka hyvin seuraavat kuvaukset tai ominaisuudet sopivat mielestänne kuvaamaan kutakin heistä?
Melko huonosti
Erittäin huonosti
En osaasanoa
Talouden osaaja, uusien työpaikkojen ja kasvun luoja 19 ........ 38 ........ 12 ........ 02 28Kansan eheyttäjä ja sovun rakentaja 13 ........ 44 ........ 13 ........ 04 26
Isänmaallinen, ajaa aina Suomen etua 16 ........ 45 ........ 08 ........ 02 28Luotettava johtaja, ei horju vaikeissakaan tilanteissa 11 ........ 36 ........ 15 ........ 03 35
Ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikan vahva osaaja 01 ........ 12 ........ 37 ........ 13 37Eri etupiireistä ja 'klikeistä' riippumaton 04 ........ 24 ........ 27 ........ 11 34
Edustava kansainvälistenkin mittojen mukaan 06 ........ 32 ........ 26 ........ 07 29Ymmärtää tavallisen suomalaisen arkea 11 ........ 42 ........ 16 ........ 07 25
Oikeudenmukainen, näkee asioiden eri puolet 10 ........ 42 ........ 13 ........ 04 30Puolustaa yhteiskunnan heikkoja ja sorrettuja 06 ........ 35 ........ 21 ........ 06 32
Erittäin hyvin
Melko hyvin
Melko huonosti
Erittäin huonosti
En osaasanoab) JUHA SIPILÄ
(jatkuu...)
a) ANTTI RINNE
Erittäin hyvin
Melko hyvin
Melko huonosti
Erittäin huonosti
En osaasanoa
Talouden osaaja, uusien työpaikkojen ja kasvun luoja 03 ....... 23 ......... 40 ........ 16 17Kansan eheyttäjä ja sovun rakentaja 03 ........ 17 ........ 36 ........ 33 10
Isänmaallinen, ajaa aina Suomen etua 31 ........ 42 ........ 12 ........ 07 08Luotettava johtaja, ei horju vaikeissakaan tilanteissa 10 ........ 34 ........ 25 ........ 14 17
Ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikan vahva osaaja 04 ........ 22 ........ 35 ........ 21 18Eri etupiireistä ja 'klikeistä' riippumaton 09 ........ 31 ........ 24 ........ 17 19
Edustava kansainvälistenkin mittojen mukaan 03 ........ 12 ........ 37 ........ 37 12Ymmärtää tavallisen suomalaisen arkea 21 ........ 46 ........ 15 ........ 08 10
Oikeudenmukainen, näkee asioiden eri puolet 09 ........ 31 ........ 27 ........ 17 15Puolustaa yhteiskunnan heikkoja ja sorrettuja 18 ........ 42 ........ 16 ........ 10 14
(jatkuu...)
Erittäin hyvin
Melko hyvin
Melko huonosti
Erittäin huonosti
En osaasanoa
Talouden osaaja, uusien työpaikkojen ja kasvun luoja 07 ........ 32 ........ 30 ........ 18 14Kansan eheyttäjä ja sovun rakentaja 03 ........ 22 ........ 36 ........ 26 13
Isänmaallinen, ajaa aina Suomen etua 08 ........ 34 ........ 27 ........ 18 13Luotettava johtaja, ei horju vaikeissakaan tilanteissa 07 ........ 24 ........ 33 ........ 20 16
Ulko- ja turvallisuuspolitiikan vahva osaaja 25 ........ 38 ........ 17 ........ 10 11Eri etupiireistä ja 'klikeistä' riippumaton 03 ........ 17 ........ 30 ........ 31 19
Edustava kansainvälistenkin mittojen mukaan 39 ........ 37 ........ 09 ........ 08 08Ymmärtää tavallisen suomalaisen arkea 01 ........ 09 ........ 36 ........ 43 11
Oikeudenmukainen, näkee asioiden eri puolet 04 ........ 27 ........ 30 ........ 21 18Puolustaa yhteiskunnan heikkoja ja sorrettuja 01 ........ 10 ........ 34 ........ 40 15
d) ALEXANDER STUBB
c) TIMO SOINI
4. Suomen on viime aikoina sanottu kärsivän heikosta päätöksentekokyvystä. Missä määrin tämä niin sanottu johtajuusvaje nähdäksenne johtuu seuraavista tekijöistä?
Melko paljon
Melko vähän
Hyvin paljon
Vaikea sanoa
Vaikeasanoa
Samaamieltä
Erimieltä
5.
Päättäjät ovat liian kokemattomia 21 ........ 38 ........ 20 ........ 19 ........ 02Poliitikot tavoittelevat liiaksi omaa etuaan 45 ........ 37 ........ 11 ........ 07 ........ 00Suomen puoluekenttä on liian hajanainen 23 ........ 36 ........ 25 ........ 14 ........ 02
Poliitikot pelkäävät gallupeja, kansan tuomiota 36 ........ 41 ........ 15 ........ 07 ........ 01Päätöksentekijät ovat vieraantuneet suomalaisten arjesta 47 ........ 36 ........ 10 ........ 06 ........ 00
Poliitikot pelkäävät median reaktioita ja kielteistä julkisuutta 43 ........ 38 ........ 14 ........ 05 ........ 00Päätöksenteosta liian suuri osa on siirtynyt EUhun 27 ........ 33 ........ 19 ........ 18 ........ 03
Pääministerin asema on liian heikko 09 ........ 20 ........ 37 ........ 27 ........ 07Poliitikot hakevat populistisia pikavoittoja 36 ........ 42 ........ 17 ........ 04 ........ 01
Byrokratian asema on liian vahva 38 ........ 33 ........ 21 ........ 07 ........ 01
Verotus Suomessa on kaiken kaikkiaan liian ankaraa 56 ....... 17 ....... 27Suurituloisten kireämpi palkkaverotus (veroprogressio) on nykyisin oikeudenmukaista 56 ....... 23 ....... 21
Verotuksen kautta tasataan liian paljon väestöryhmien välisiä toimeentuloeroja 27 ....... 30 ....... 43Verotuksen painopistettä tulisi siirtää työn verottamisesta kuluttamisen verottamiseen 42 ....... 33 ....... 25
Veronalennukset lisäisivät verotuloja, kun taloudellinen toimeliaisuus kasvaisi 52 ....... 34 ....... 14Verotusta ei tule alentaa, jos se johtaa sosiaaliturvan ja julkisten palveluiden heikkenemiseen 54 ....... 23 ....... 23
Koen oman verotukseni epäoikeudenmukaisen korkeaksi 26 ....... 27 ....... 47
Kysymys verotuksesta ja sen muutostarpeista tulee olemaan yksi kevään eduskuntavaalien keskustelunaiheis-ta. Miten seuraavat veropoliittiset väitteet ja uudistusehdotukset vastaavat Teidän henkilökohtaista mielipidet-tänne?
Ei lain-kaan
Hiemankorot-
taa
Pitäänykyi-
sellään
Hiemanalen-taa
Tuntu-vasti
alentaa
Veroa tulisi...
Tuntu-vasti
korottaa
Enosaa
sanoa
6. Entä muuttaisitteko nykyistä verojärjestelmäämme jollakin tavoin seuraavien veromuotojen osalta?
Ansiotulojen (työ- ja eläketulojen) verotus 00 ....... 08 ....... 41 ....... 32 ....... 15 03Yhteisöverotus (yritysten tulovero) 03 ....... 18 ....... 39 ....... 25 ....... 06 09
Pääomatulojen verotus 18 ....... 36 ....... 26 ....... 11 ....... 04 06Perintö- ja lahjaverotus 03 ....... 10 ....... 28 ....... 27 ....... 29 03
Kiinteistöverotus 01 ....... 10 ....... 47 ....... 24 ....... 10 08Energia- ja polttoaineverotus 03 ....... 14 ....... 34 ....... 30 ....... 15 04
Alkoholiverotus 22 ....... 27 ....... 26 ....... 13 ....... 11 02Kulutuksen verotus yleensä (yleinen arvolisäverokanta) 02 ....... 19 ....... 42 ....... 25 ....... 09 04
Ruuan arvonlisäverotus 01 ....... 05 ....... 28 ....... 40 ....... 23 03Kokonaisveroaste eli kerättävät verot kokonaisuudessaan 00 ....... 19 ....... 38 ....... 29 ....... 07 08
7.
Hyvin toden-
näköistä
Ei kovin toden-
näköistä
Epä-toden-
näköistä
Melko toden-
näköistä
Enosaa
sanoa
Erittäinhyväkeino
Melkohyväkeino
Erittäinhuonokeino
Melkohuonokeino
8.
Kuinka todennäköisenä Te pidätte seuraavien työtä ja työelämää koskevien kehitysilmiöiden etenemistä maas-samme lähivuosien aikana?
Työehdoista aletaan sopia paikallisesti/yrityskohtaisesti 15 ........ 45 ........ 19 ........ 18 ........ 03Keikka- ja projektiluonteiset työsuhteet yleistyvät 35 ........ 58 ........ 05 ........ 01 ........ 00
Yrittäjyydestä tulee yhä useamman vaihtoehto palkkatyölle 14 ........ 44 ........ 22 ........ 17 ........ 04Ihmiset oppivat hyväksymään epävarmuuden työn jatkuvuudesta 17 ........ 46 ........ 17 ........ 15 ........ 04
Mahdollisuudet valita omat työtehtävät kasvavat 04 ........ 18 ........ 25 ........ 43 ........ 10Ikääntyneet jatkavat työelämässä merkittävästi nykyistä pidempään 16 ........ 43 ........ 14 ........ 20 ........ 07
Hyvinvointivaltion rahoituksen on sanottu edellyttävän, että Suomessa on jatkossa tehtävä nykyistä enemmän työtä. Jos oletetaan tämän olevan totta, kuinka hyvinä tai huonoina pidätte seuraavia keinoja kyseisen tavoitteen saavuttamiseksi?
Viikoittaisen työajan pidentäminen 04 ........ 20 ........ 38 ........ 34 04Varhais- tai työkyvyttömyyseläkkeelle pääsyn rajoittaminen 04 ........ 23 ........ 40 ........ 27 06
Vanhuuseläkeiän nostaminen työurien pidentämiseksi 05 ........ 24 ........ 39 ........ 27 04Nuorten opintojen vauhdittaminen, työurien pidentäminen alkupäästä 33 ........ 45 ........ 14 ........ 04 04
Uusien taloudellisten kannustimien tarjoaminen työuriaan jatkaville iäkkäille 22 ........ 50 ........ 15 ........ 07 05Vuosittaisen työajan pidentäminen lomia lyhentämällä 03 ........ 12 ........ 34 ........ 47 04
Työikäisen väestön lisääminen maahanmuuttoa edistämällä 07 ........ 27 ........ 23 ........ 33 09Työttömyyskorvausten saannin ehtojen tiukentaminen 16 ........ 29 ........ 27 ........ 21 07
Vai-kea
sanoa
9. Suomalainen sosiaali- ja terveydenhuolto on keskellä suuria muutoksia. Kuinka hyvin tai huonosti terveyden-huolto Teidän mielestänne nykyisin toimii seuraavien asioiden suhteen?
10a. 10b.Mitä terveyspalveluita käytätte ensisijaisesti? Käytättekö lähinnä…
Kuinka terveeksi koette itsenne nykyisin? Pidättekö itseänne…
Lääkäriin pääsyn nopeus kuntien terveyskeskuksissa 04 ........ 37 ........ 32 ........ 17 10Terveysongelmien ennaltaehkäisy, varhainen puuttuminen 02 ........ 18 ........ 46 ........ 24 10
Kansalaisten tasa-arvoisuus terveydenhuollossa 05 ........ 28 ........ 34 ........ 23 10Jonotusajat leikkauksiin ja muuhun erikoissairaanhoitoon 02 ........ 22 ........ 37 ........ 22 17Kuntoutus, toimintakyvyn palauttaminen hoitojen jälkeen 02 ........ 29 ........ 28 ........ 14 27
Asiakkaiden kuuntelu ja mielipiteiden huomioiminen palveluissa 02 ........ 26 ........ 40 ........ 18 14Valinnanvapaus, mahdollisuus itse valita hoitopaikka ja hoitava taho 03 ........ 27 ........ 40 ........ 16 15
Palvelut ovat riittävän lähellä 12 ........ 53 ........ 22 ........ 08 05
46 Kunnallisia terveyspalveluita 42 Työterveydenhuollon palveluita 12 Yksityisiä terveyspalveluita
29 Hyvin terveenä 55 Melko terveenä 12 En kovin terveenä 03 En lainkaan terveenä01 En osaa/halua sanoa
Vaikeasanoa
11. Kysymys Venäjästä, sen luonteesta ja merkityksestä maallemme on aina jakanut suomalaisten mielipiteitä. Miten seuraavat väitteet ja luonnehdinnat vastaavat sitä kuvaa, joka Teillä on nykyisestä Venäjästä?
Erittäin hyvin
Melko hyvin
Vastaa omaa näkemystä Venäjästä...
Hyvä naapuri ja yhteistyökumppani 03 ........ 32 ........ 27 ........ 33 ........ 05Merkittävä sotilaallinen uhka 14 ........ 36 ........ 26 ........ 19 ........ 04
Kehittyvä demokratia 01 ........ 05 ........ 19 ........ 53 ........ 22Keskusjohtoinen diktatuuri 42 ........ 40 ........ 12 ........ 05 ........ 01
Epävakaa ja arvaamaton 35 ........ 48 ........ 11 ........ 05 ........ 01Tärkeä kauppakumppani 38 ........ 49 ........ 09 ........ 03 ........ 01
Epäluotettava sopimuskumppani 13 ........ 34 ........ 36 ........ 15 ........ 02Kansalaiset ihmisinä miellyttäviä 15 ........ 39 ........ 27 ........ 15 ........ 04Nopeasti kehittyvä ja vaurastuva 01 ........ 13 ........ 32 ........ 47 ........ 07
Eriarvoinen, suuret tulo- ja hyvinvointierot 60 ........ 28 ........ 09 ........ 03 ........ 01Osa eurooppalaista kulttuuripiiriä 05 ........ 20 ........ 21 ........ 42 ........ 12
Melko huonosti
Ei lain-kaan
12a. 12b. Entä siihen, että rahayksikkömme vaihdettiin markasta euroksi?
15 Erittäin myönteisesti27 Melko myönteisesti29 Neutraalisti19 Melko kielteisesti08 Erittäin kielteisesti02 En osaa sanoa
24 Erittäin myönteisesti22 Melko myönteisesti25 Neutraalisti16 Melko kielteisesti10 Erittäin kielteisesti02 En osaa sanoa
Miten Te suhtaudutte nykyisin maamme EU-jäsenyyteen?
Erittäin hyvin
Melko hyvin
Melko huonosti
Erittäin huonosti
En osaasanoa
Sukupuoli1 Mies2 Nainen
Millainen peruskoulutus Teillä on?
1 Kansakoulu2 Keski- tai peruskoulu3 Ylioppilastutkinto
Millainen ammatillinen koulutus Teillä on?
TAUSTATIEDOT AINEISTON TILASTOLLISTA RYHMITTELYÄ VARTEN
1 Johtavassa asemassa toisen palv. 2 Ylempi toimihenkilö 3 Alempi toimihenkilö 4 Työntekijä 5 Yrittäjä tai yksityinen ammatinharj. 6 Maatalousyrittäjä 7 Opiskelija 8 Eläkeläinen 9 Kotiäiti/koti-isä10 Työtön11 Muu
Ikäryhmä1 18 - 25 vuotta2 26 - 35 vuotta3 36 - 45 vuotta4 46 - 55 vuotta5 56 - 65 vuotta6 Yli 65 vuotta
1 Ei ammatillista koulutusta2 Ammattikurssi, muu lyhyt ammattikoulutus3 Ammattikoulu, ammatillinen perustutkinto4 Opistotasoinen ammattikoulutus5 Ammattikorkeakoulututkinto6 Yliopisto- tai korkeakoulututkinto
Maakunta, jonka alueella asutte
Jos eduskuntavaalit pidettäisiin nyt, minkäpuolueen ehdokasta äänestäisitte?
1 KOK 2 SDP 3 Perussuomalaiset 4 KESK 5 Vasemmistoliitto 6 Vihreät 7 RKP 8 KD 9 Jokin muu puolue tai ryhmittymä10 En äänestäisi lainkaan11 En osaa sanoa12 En halua sanoa
Toimiala, jolla työskentelette tai viimeksityöskentelitte?
1 En kuulu2 Kyllä kuulun
1 SAK2 STTK3 Akava4 MTK
Kuulutteko johonkin ammatilliseen keskusjärjestöön?
Mihin ammatilliseen keskusjärjestöön kuulut-te? (voi jättää tyhjäksi)
1 Työväenluokkaan2 Alempaan keskiluokkaan3 Keskiluokkaan4 Ylempään keskiluokkaan5 Yläluokkaan6 En katso kuuluvani mihinkään luokkaan
Mihin yhteiskuntaluokkaan katsotte lähinnä kuuluvanne?
Asuinkunnan koko
1 Alle 4 000 asukasta2 4 000 - 8 000 asukasta3 8 000 - 30 000 asukasta4 30 000 - 80 000 asukasta5 Yli 80 000 asukasta
1 Uusimaa 2 Varsinais-Suomi 4 Satakunta 5 Häme 6 Pirkanmaa 7 Päijät-Häme 8 Kymenlaakso 9 Etelä-Karjala10 Etelä-Savo11 Pohjois-Savo12 Pohjois-Karjala13 Keski-Suomi14 Etelä-Pohjanmaa15 Pohjanmaa (Vaasan r.)16 Keski-Pohjanmaa17 Pohjois-Pohjanmaa18 Kainuu19 Lappi
Ammattiryhmä, johon katsotte tällähetkellä kuuluvanne
Jos kansanäänestys Suomen EU-jäsenyydes-tä järjestettäisiin nyt, äänestäisittekö jäse-nyyden puolesta vai sitä vastaan?
12c. 12d.
10 Paljon hyötyä28 Jonkin verran hyötyä14 Ei hyötyä eikä haittaa21 Jonkin verran haittaa12 Paljon haittaa16 En osaa sanoa
47 Puolesta19 En osaa sanoa34 Vastaan
Onko eurosta ja EMU-jäsenyydestä hyötyä vai haittaa Suomelle nykyisessä taloustilanteessa?
1 Maa- ja metsätalous2 Teollisuus ja rakennustoiminta3 Yksityiset palvelut4 Julkiset palvelut5 En ole ollut mukana työelämässä