FSBGD Written Study Questions 2003(2)

8/18/2019 FSBGD Written Study Questions 2003(2)

1/201

Prosthodontics

1. Arrange the following provisional materials from most desirable to least desirable

in terms of temperature increase during setting reaction:

a. Trim, Jet, Firmit

b. Jet, Firmit, Trim

c. Firmit, Jet, Trim

d. Firmit, Trim, Jet

A: The answer is: d. Firmit, Trim, Jet. In general, the greater the size of the monomermolecule, the less is the exothermic heat of reaction on setting and mechanical propertiesis accomplished mainly through the filler. An increase in filler content reduces the

relative amounts of exothermic heat and contraction while increasing the strength of theset material.

For light-activated systems the amount of filler is determined by the manufacturer; for theother systems it is desirable to incorporate as much filler as possible without interferingin the handling or manipulation characteristics of the material.

Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics, 2nd ed. Rosenstiel et al


2/201

2. ou are selecting a shade for a PF! crown to restore tooth "#. The patient is a $%

&ear old actress with an e'acting personalit& and she said the most important result

for her would be to have the new tooth (blend in) so as to be undetectable. *hich

order should the following parameters be selected in order to best achieve this goal+

a. hue, value, chroma

b. chroma, value, huec. hue, chroma, value

d. chroma, hue, value

The answer is . hue, chroma, value. ou would probably also choose supplementalcolors and characterization to give the tooth a natural appearance.It is very important to remember what each of these terms describe!"ue # the variety of a color, shade, or tint. $he hue of an ob%ect can be red, green,yellow, and so on and is determined by the wavelength of light reflected and&or lightobserved. In the 'ita (umin shade guide, A), A*, A+, A are said to be similar hue as arethe ,, and / shades. $he region with the highest chroma 0i.e., the cervical region of the

canines1 should be used for the initial hue selectionhroma # the intensity of a hue. $he terms saturation and hroma are sometimes useinterchangeably. Imagine a buc2et of water to which ) pint of latex paint is added. $hesaturation or hroma is low. Adding a second pint of paint increases the hroma, and soon, until the solution is almost all paint and a "igh chrome results.

'alue # the relative lightness or dar2ness of a color or the brightness of an ob%ect. $he brightness of any ob%ect is a direct conse3uence of the amount of light energy that theob%ect reflects or transmits. $he value for a given tooth can be determined 4I$" A5678/ 7996:IA( 5"A/6 ?-?


3/201

-. *hich of the following statements regarding custom tra&s is, are/ true+

a. There is a primar& sources of error which is eliminated: stresses during removal.

b. Although reducing the bul0 of an elastomeric impression material increases itsaccurac&, the opposite is true for reversible h&drocolloid impression materials.

c. ightpol&meri3ed materials, when used for custom tra&s offer the advantage of

convenience because a storage period of 2$ hours is not needed to allow for the

completion of polo&meri3ation.

d. 4ven slight fle'ing of the custom tra& will lead to a distorted impression which is

usuall& undetectable until one attempts to seat the restoration.

e. All of the above

Answer: e. all the above


4/201

$. *hen do &ou reline a distal e'tension 5P6+

1. *hen the indirect retainer lifts from it7s rest seat upon digital pressure to the

distal

4'tension

2. *hen a wash of alginate appears on the buccal shelf area more than .8mm

thic0.-. 9f the natural dentition fails to pierce 2 pieces of 2# gauge soft green wa'

placed over the denture teeth while the remaining natural teeth in opposition

are ma0ing firm contact.

$. 9f rotation and settling of the distal e'tension base or bases is obvious when

alternate finger pressure is applied on either side of the fulcrum line.

a. 1,-

b. 1,$

c. all of the above

d. 1,2,-

The answer is: A wash of alginate with ) scoop of alginate to * measures of hot water will provide amix that is thin enough to not displace soft tissues and yet set 3uic2ly. 4hen applying pressure to the most posterior aspect of the denture base, the amount of space underthe indirect retainer is an indicator of the amount of space to be found under thedenture base. 5ome clinical %udgment is essential here because the length of the distalextension base affects the amount of movement, as does the distance from the indirectretainer to the fulcrum line.

Clinical Removable Partial Prosthodontics, Third ed, Phoenix et al pp 463-464

cCrac!en"s Removable Partial Prosthodontics ninth ed. Pp 44#.


5/201

8. *hich of the following features regarding mutuall& protected occlusion are true+

1. The anterior ma'illar& teeth and anterior mandibular teeth together guide

e'cursive movements of the mandible.

2. o posterior occlusal contacts occur during lateral or protrusive e'cursions.

-. The posterior teeth come into contact onl& at the end of each chewing stro0e

acting as stops for vertical closure when the mandible returns to it7s intercuspalposition.

a. 1

b. 1,2

c. 1,-

d. all the above

The answer is: 6

$he study of occlusion can historically be broadly categorized into three categories!-ilaterally alanced-roup Function

-9utually =rotected:ecently, the emphasis in teaching fixed prosthodontics and restorative dentistry has been placed on the concept of mutually protected occlusion. 9ore recent investigations thatfocus on the neuromuscular physiology of the masticatory apparatus are supportive of theadvantages associated with a mutually protected occlusal scheme. A subset of thisscheme would be canine guidance or cuspid rise.Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics, 2nd $d. Rosenstiel et al


6/201

;. *hich of the following are true concerning casting metals+

1. Patients cannot develop a nic0el allerg& from Jelen0o7s (


7/201

=. *hich of the following are true concerning AP strap facts+

1. The A>P palatal strap has limited applications in ma'illar& partial denture

designs.

2. The posterior strap should be slightl& round and ; mm. wide.

-. The strap should never be placed on moving tissue. And should cross the midline

at a right angle not on a diagonal.$. A ma'illar& torus is a contraindication to the AP palatal strap design.

8. Fle'ure is almost none'istent in the AP design.

;. 9t is usuall& used for ?enned& class 99 and 9@7s.

a. all the above are true

b. none are true

c. 1,2,- are true

d 2,$,; are true

e. -,8,; are true

The answer is F

$he A&= palatal strap design can be used in almost any maxillary partial denture design.$hus ). is false. $he posterior strap should be flat and a minimum of >-)* mm wide. $hus* is false. $hey should be located as far posterior as possible but 86'6: on moveabletissues. And they should cross the midline at a right angle; the tongue will not appreciatean asymmetric appliance as readily. 5o G+ is true. An inoperable maxillary torus may notallow one to use an A-= design but some tori are negotiable. 5o G is false. Flexure is practically nonexistent as each component braces the others against possible tor3ue andflexure. 5o GH is true. And finally the A-= strap design is most often used for lass II andI' ennedy classes. 4ith the single wide palatal strap used for the ennedy lass IIIs.%&'RC$( cCR)C*$+"% R$&)$ P)RT/) 0$+T'R$% pa1e 2-4.


8/201

#. *hich of the following is>are a li0el& cause of sore spots on the ridges from both

dentures after deliver&+

a. 9naccurate denture base

b. !alocclusion

c. 4'cessive peripheral seal

d. vere'tension of the borderse. 4'cessive vertical dimension

The answers are a,b,e.

A localized sore spot on the ridges can be caused by faulty occlusion, a resin spicule or aninaccurate denture base. If a malocclusion exists then a patient remount will be needed.For excessive vertical dimension, treatment# patient remount to lower '/7, or ma2enew omplete /entures. For inaccurate denture bases you can reline or rebase or ma2enew dentures. I dont thin2 you can ever have too much peripheral seal, and anoverextension of the borders will give you sore spots in the vestibule not on the ridges. 5ef. APT @an der ree0 omplete 6enture B&llabus. p. 11-Troubleshooting.


9/201

%. *hat percentage and t&pe of patient7s have clic0ing and what percentage have

crepitus+

1.


10/201

1C. *hich of the following is>are true concerning ?enned&7s>Applegates rules+

1. ?enned& class 1 involves bilateral edentulous areas posterior to the natural teeth

while a lass 99 has a unilateral edentulous area posterior to the natural teeth.

2. ?enned& lass - alwa&s has one unilateral edentulous area with teeth posterior

to it. A lass $ has a single edentulous area crossing the midline and anterior to

natural teeth.-. ou ma& have up to 2 mods onl& in a ?enned& lass $ case.

$. 9f a second or third molar is missing and is not to be replaced it is not considered

in ApplegateHs rules. 9f to be replaced it will determine the class.

8. !odifications are those areas other than the those that determine the

classification and are designated b& their number.

A. All the above are true

G. one are true

. 1,2,- are true

6. 1,$,8 are true

4. -,$,8 are true

F. 1,$ are true.

The answer is 6.

ennedy class ) does involve bilateral edentulous areas posterior to the natural teethwhile a lass II has a unilateral edentulous area posterior to the natural teeth. 5o ) is true.A ennedy lass + has a unilateral edentulous area with teeth Anterior and Posterior toit. A lass does have a single edentulous area crossing the midline and anterior tonatural teeth. $hus only the second part is true so the answer is false. ou can not haveA mod spaces in a ennedy lass case. 5o G+ is false. If a second or third molar ismissing and is not to be replaced it is not considered in ApplegateJs rules. If to bereplaced it will determine the class. $hus G is true. 9odifications are those areas otherthan those that determine the classification and are designated by their number. $hus GH istrue.BI54: !crac0en7s 54!@AG4 PA5T9A 64TI54B page 2C21.


11/201

11. *hich of the following are true concerning resinbonded bridge designs+

1. ontraindications would be mutuall& protected occlusion with a canine

guidance/, more than one pontic, and bru'ism.

2. A cingulum rest or an occlusal rest is needed to provide a vertical stop.

-. A single path of insertion, with parallel grooves.

$. 12Co

of encirclement with a centric occlusal contact onl&.8. 5esistance form, a shallow chamfer at a depth of .28 to .8 mm.

a. 1,2,- are true.

b. -,$,8 are true.

c. All are true.

d. 2,-,8 are true.

e. 1,-,8 are true.

The answer is 6.

9utually protected occlusion is not a contraindication, the notes state that it is moredesirable than group function, and is only a relative contraindication. A cingulum rest or

an occlusal rest is needed to provide a vertical stop, a single path of insertion with parallel grooves is also necessary. )>Ko of encirclement is needed with a centric occlusalcontact only. And finally resistance form is needed with shallow chamfer at a depth of .*Hto .H mm.BI54: APT Joe 5us37s lecture 1- F4G C2


12/201

12. After surve&ing &our diagnostic casts &ou determine &our 5P6 design and the

necessar& alterations. The design is then drawn on the cast and &ou are now

read& to ma0e tooth modifications. 9n what seuence will &ou follow+

a. eights of contour > guiding planes > rest seats > diagnostic impression

b. diagnostic impression > heights of contour > rest seatsc. heights of contour > rest seats > diagnostic impression

d. heights of contour > diagnostic impression > rest seats

$he correct se3uence for preparing teeth to serve as :=/ abutments is 6. heights of contour > diagnostic impression > rest seats

).1 =roximal surfaces parallel to the path of placement should be prepared to provideguiding planes.*.1 Axial tooth contours should be modified lowering the height of contour so that theori1in circumferential clasps may be placed below the occlusal surface; and the retentive

clasp termins is located below the %unction of the middle and gingival third 0betteresthetics and mechanical advantage1; reciprocal clasps can be placed above "7 at the %unction of the middle and occlusal thirds.+.1 /iagnostic&verification impression in irreversible hydrocolloid poured in fast set stoneto re-survey and confirm ade3uacy of preparations. If further ad%ustments need to bemade you will not disturb your rest seat preps.1 7cclusal rest seats are always last and should be prepared in a manner that they willdirect occlusal forces along the long axes of the abutment tooth

9civney, .=., astleberry, /.@., cCrac!en"s Removable Partial Prosthodontics ?th 6dition, 9osby )??, pages *>), *>E-*>>.


13/201

1-. The signs of 4llsworth > ?ell& ombination B&ndrome are:

1. Papillar& h&perplasia

2. !a'illar& tuberosit& growth

-. 5idge resorption of mandibular posterior

$. 5idge resorption of anterior ma'illa

8. &pereruption of mandibular anterior teeth A. 1, 2, 4, 5

B. 2, 4, 5

. 2, -, $, 8

6. All of the above

orrect answer is 6. All of the above

$he lossary of =rosthodontic $erms1 defines combination syndrome as Bthecharacteristic features that occur when an edentulous maxilla is opposed by naturalmandibular anterior teeth, including loss of bone from the anterior portion of themaxillary ridge, overgrowth of the tuberosities, papillary hyperplasia of the hard palatal

mucosa, extrusion of mandibular anterior teeth, and loss of alveolar bone and ridge height beneath the mandibular removable partial denture bases, also called anteriorhypernction syndrome.C

In addition the following have been added as a subset to the classic signs listed above!loss of vertical dimension of occlusion, occlusal plane discrepancy, anterior spatialrepositioning of the mandible, poor adaptation of the prostheses, epulis fissuratum, and periodontal changes. "owever, these changes are not generally associated withcombination syndrome.=alm3vist 5, arlsson 6, 7wall . $he combination syndrome! a literature review. J Prosthet Dent. 2003 Sep;90(3):270-5.

http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/scripts/om.dll/serve?retrieve=/pii/#RS0022391303004712001http://www2.us.elsevierhealth.com/scripts/om.dll/serve?retrieve=/pii/#RS0022391303004712001


14/201

1$. *hen replacing a missing cuspid with an FP6, occlusion should be shared with

the first bicuspid i.e.


15/201

18. Post denture insertion pain K ever&thing is sore K *h&+

1. ver e'tended borders

2. Acr&lic monomer allerg&

2. 4'cessive vertical dimension of occlusion

-. 9nsufficient vertical dimension of occlusion

$. cclusal prematurit&A. 1, 2, -, $

G. 1, -, $,

. 1, 2, -, 8

6. 1, -, 8

4. 1, -, $, 8

Answers: 4. 1, -, $, 8 ver e'tended borders, e'cessive vertical dimension,

insufficient vertical dimension, occlusal prematurit&.

)- 7ver extended borders can cause! 5oreness in the vestibules, sore spots from a deep posterior palatal seal, trouble swallowing, immediate gagging upon swallowing, and

denture instability when out of occlusion.*- Acrylic monomer allergy can cause! eneralized burning sensation.+- 6xcessive vertical dimension of occlusion can cause! eneralized ridge soreness,immediate gagging, muscle soreness, $9@ symptoms, trouble swallowing, clic2ingduring speech, and excessive display of teeth.- Insufficient vertical dimension of occlusion can cause! Angular cheilitis, musclesoreness, $9@ 5ymptoms, and tongue or chee2 biting.H- 7cclusal prematurity can cause! 5ore spots in the vestibule or on the ridges, delayedgagging upon swallowing, muscle soreness, $9@ symptoms, denture instability when in: occlusion. +aval Post 9radate 0ental %chool, Complete 0entre %yllabs, +0% Corse :22,

Trobleshootin1, Pa1es 773-776


16/201

1;. *hen restoring two edentulous spaces on either side of a pier abutment it is

beneficial to emplo& a stress brea0er. 9f &ou intend to restore a missing "= and "%

with a 8 unit FP6 abutted on "7s ;, #, and 1C, where would &ou emplo& the

components of the stress brea0er

a. ey on distal of G? pontic, 2eyway on mesial of G)K abutment b. ey on mesial of GE pontic, 2eyway on distal of G> abutmentc. ey on mesial of G? pontic, 2eyway on mesial of G> abutmentd. ey on distal of G> abutment, 2eyway on mesial of GE pontice. ey on mesial of G> abutment, 2eyway on mesial of G? ponticf. ey on distal of G)K abutment, 2eyway on mesial of G? pontic

Answer is G. ?e& on mesial of "= pontic, 0e&wa& on distal of "# abutment

A stress brea2er, now referred to as a stress director, is a device or system that relievesspecific dental structures of part or all of the occlusal forces and redirects those forces toother bearing structures. $hese can be utilized in fixed partial dentures of long spans,

while spanning multiple edentulous spaces when pier abutments are used, for periodontally involved teeth.$he director is placed on the mesial of the distal pontic, behind the pier abutment. $he2ey component of the director is always placed on the pontic so that forces of occlusiondirect it to seat in the 2eyway component placed on the pier abutment. If the reversewere done occlusal forces would un-seat the components sliding the 2eyway out of the2ey thus ma2ing the pontic a lever arm that exerts tor3ue on the abutment to which it isattached.

Rosenstiel, and, F5imoto. Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics 3rd $dition, osby

27, Pa1e ;7

%hillin1br1, intessence oo!s 7#;7, Pa1e 474-476


17/201

1=.9n respects to pontic design, order the following according to decreasing

esthetics+

a. !odified 5idgelap, onical, vate, Baddle, Banitar&

b. Baddle, !odified 5idgelap, onical, Banitar&, vate

c. !odified 5idgelap, vate, onical, Baddle, Banitar&

d. vate, !odified 5idgelap, Baddle, onical, Banitar&e. vate, !odified 5idgelap, onical, Baddle, Banitar&

The answer is 6. vate, !odified 5idgelap, Baddle, onical, Banitar&

5anitary or "ygienic. :ecommended (ocation! posterior mandible. Advantage! goodaccess for oral hygiene. /isadvantage! poor esthetics 0*mm clearance between ridge and pontic1. Indications! non-esthetic zones, impaired oral hygiene. ontraindications!esthetic zone, minimal '/7.5addle-ridge-lap. :ecommended (ocation! none. Advantages! esthetics. /isadvantages!not amenable to oral hygiene. Indications! not recommended. ontraindications! all.onical. :ecommended (ocation! molars without esthetics re3uirements. Advantages!

good access for oral hygiene. /isadvantages! poor esthetics. Indications! posterior areaswhere esthetics is of minimal concern. ontraindications! poor oral hygiene.9odified ridge-lap. :ecommended (ocation! "igh esthetic re3uirements. Advantages!good esthetics. /isadvantages! moderately easy to clean. Indications! most areas withesthetic concerns. ontraindications! areas with minimal esthetic concern.7vate. :ecommended (ocation! 9axillary incisor, cuspids, and bicuspids. Advantages!superior esthetics, negligible food entrapment, ease of cleaning. /isadvantages! re3uiressurgical preparation. Indications! desire for optimal esthetics, high smile line.ontraindications! unwillingness for surgery, mandibular posterior. Rosenstiel, and, F5imoto. Contemporary Fixed Prosthodontics 3rd $dition, osby27, Pa1e 2-2


18/201

1#. *hat muscles are involved with border molding for a complete denture

mandibular final impressionLa. Guccinator, masseter, m&loh&oid, palatoglossal, medial pter&goid and the

superior constrictor muscle

b. Guccinator, masseter, m&loh&oid, palatoglossal, and the genioglossus muscle

c. Guccinator, masseter, m&loh&oid, h&oglossus and the superior constrictormuscle

d. Guccinator and masseter

The answer is A

$he borders of the final denture impression are determined by several muscles.$he buccal vestibule is influenced by the buccinator muscle.$he distobuccal border is determined by the actions of the masseter. $he massetercontacts forcing the buccinator muscle in and decreases the space available for thedenture. $his action can cause it to dislodge.$he buccinator, superior constrictor, and the tendon of the temporalis influence the

retromolar pad placement of the denture.$he posterior lingual border position is controlled by the mylohyoid muscle. /uringswallowing the muscle contracts and raises the floor of the mouth.$he superior constrictor, mylohyoid and palatoglossal, and medial pterygoid muscle canall influence the border molding in the retromylohyoid region.$he obicularis oris shapes the labial vestibule.$he maxillary denture borders are affected by the obicularis ori, buccinator, levatoranguli, and the masseter..ouchers =rosthodontic $reatment for 6dentulous =atients, 6leventh 6dition. =g )-)E*


19/201

1%. The onl& universall& fle'ible clasp shape is the round form. alf round will

fle' awa& form the tooth.

a. Goth statements are true

b. Goth statements are false

c. Btatement one is true and two is false

d. Btatement two is true and one is false

The answer is A.

Full round clasps are able to flex in any direction. "alf round is flexible in only thedirection away from the tooth. $he type of material the clasp is made form determinesflexibility as well. ast chromium alloys are less flexible than wrought wire. $he bul2 or thic2ness of the clasp is a factor. old clasps must be thic2er to obtain strength sothey are not as flexible as a thinner chromium clasp. A retentive arm that is taperedlength wise and width wise is more flexible than one that is not. $he longer theretentive arm 0I-bar1 the more flexible it becomes. $he least flexible clasp would be a

short, no taper, half round, bul2y clasp.9crac2ens :emovable =artial =rosthodontics, 8inth 6dition, ?)-?+.


20/201

2C. entric relation is defined as:

a. The position in which the cond&le is in the most superior anterior position in

the articular fossa with the thinnest portion of the dis0 between the cond&le

and the fossa.

b. The position in which the cond&le is in the most superior retruded position in

the articular fossa with the thinnest portion of the dis0 between the cond&leand the fossa.

c. The position in which the cond&le is in the most superior retruded position in

the articular fossa with the thic0est portion of the dis0 between the cond&le

and the fossa.

d. The position in which the cond&le is in the most inferior retruded position in

the articular fossa with the thic0est portion of the dis0 between the cond&le

and the fossa.

The answer is A.

entric relation is the most physiologic stable and repeatable position of the condyle.

$his position is helpful in restoring patients that do not have a stable maximumintercuspation or no repeatable %aw relationship. $he dis2 must be situated with thethinnest part between the condyle and the fossa.$he Academy of =rosthodontics defines it as the maxillomandibular relationship inwhich the condyles articulate with the thinnest avascular portion of their respectivedis2 with the complex in the anterior-superior position against the shapes of thearticular eminence. $his position is independent of tooth contact. $he mandible isrestricted to purely rotary movement about the transverse axis.9anagement of $emporomandibular disorders and occlusion, Fifth edition. =g. )))-))+.$he Academy of =rosthodontics. lossary of =rosthodontic $erms, @ournal of=rosthetic /entistry;E)!), )??.


21/201

21. 6ouble abutments can be used as a means of overcoming problems created b&

unfavorable crown to root ratios. Bince there are two abutments acting together it is

not necessar& for additional abutment to have as much root surface as the first

abutment. a. Goth statements are true


c. Btatement one is true and two is false

d. Btatement two is true and one is false

The answer is .

Antes law indicates that the surface area of roots in bone of the abutment teeth should bee3ual to or greater than the teeth they are replacing with a F=/. If inade3uate root surfacearea is present it is possible to use double abutments to compensate for this. $hesecondary abutment must have as much root surface area as the primary abutment tooth.

$he retainer of the secondary abutment tooth must be as retentive as the primaryabutment. $here must be sufficient space to allow for soft tissue under the connector between the primary and secondary abutment. /ouble abutments also help resist the lever arm that can be produced if an F=/ spans around the arch; such as a F=/ that replacesthe four anterior teeth.5hillingburg, Fundamentals of Fixed =rosthodontics, $hird 6dition, =age ?+


22/201

22. 4lectrosurger& units will wor0 without a grounding plate.


23/201

2-. inguali3ed occlusion uses anatomic ma'illar& teeth opposing mandibular

monoplane teeth. inguali3ed occlusion can be indicated for s0eletal lass 99 and 999

patients.

a. Goth statements are true


c. Btatement one is true and two is falsed. Btatement two is true and one is false

The answer is A.

(ingualized occlusion is useful for patients that are difficult to reproduce an accurate : position. $his scheme gives freedom of movement and reduces interferences to protrusivemovements. It is esthetic using maxillary anatomical teeth and is easy to set the teeth anddevelop a cross arch balanced occlusion.

1. Becker CM, Swoope CC, Guckes AD. Lingualized occlusion for removalepros!"odon!ics. # $ros!"e! Den! 1%&&'()*+-+1/).0. Cloug" 2, 3nodle #M, Leeper S, $udwill ML, 4a5lor D4. A comparison

of lingualized occlusion and monoplane occlusion in comple!e den!ures. #$ros!"e! Den! 1%)('6*0-1&+/%.(. Lang B7, 7azzoog M2. Lingualized in!egra!ion- !oo!" molds and anocclusal sc"eme for eden!ulous implan! pa!ien!s. 8mplan! Den! 1%%0'1*(-09/11.. 7hguri $, awano F, Ichi2awa $, 9atsumoto 8. Influence of occlusal scheme onthe pressure distribution under a complete denture. Int @ =rosthodont )???;)*01!+H+->.


24/201

2$. *hich are advantages of pol&ether impression materials+

a. Fast setting and good for undercuts

b. Fast setting, good shelf life two &ears/, multiple pours

c. @er& fle'ible and good for deep undercuts

d. Blow setting with prolonged wor0ing time

The answer is G.

=olyether is a very stiff material that is not good for undercuts.


25/201

28. A patient with complete dentures ma0es tries to ma0e (T) sounds but he ma0es

a sound li0e (Th). *hat is the most li0el& cause+

a. Anterior palate too broad.

b. 9nadeuate interocclusal distance.

c. Poor retention of dentures.d. vere'tended ma'illar& posterior border.

e. !a'illar& premolars too far mesiall&.

Answer: b/ 9nadeuate interocclusal distance

0Also caused by maxillary teeth too far lingual15olution! :emount, increase interocclusal distance by reducing '/7, or ma2e new /s. 07r reset teeth1

a1 causes sounds li2e BshCc1 clic2ing during speechd1 causes gagging

e1 causes whistling=honetics and the linguodental and linguopalatal sounds.- (inguodental sounds! B$hC)&+ 0+mm1 of tip of tongue extends between maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth.If tongue does not protrude past teeth, maxillary anterior teeth are too far labial or there isexcessive overlap.If more than mm of tip of tongue protrudes, maxillary teeth are set too far lingually.- (inguopalatal sounds! $ N /$ip of tongue contacts anterior part of palate or lingual side of anterior teeth.$eeth too far lingual, B$C tends to sound li2e B/C.$eeth too far labial, B/C sounds li2e B$C./enture base palate O too thic2 in rugae area.=honetics are related to!- 5pea2ing space.- /enture base, B5C sounds, :ugae area, (ingual extension of mandibular denture.- $ooth positioning, B$C and B/C sounds, BFC and B'C sounds, B5C, B@C, and BhC sounds.:eference! omplete /enture 5yllabus, =rosthodontic /ept, 8=/5, 88/ ethesda.:ahn, A.7., "eartwell, .9., $extboo2 of omplete /entures, Hth 6d. )??+ (ea NFebiger. =age ++K.

2;. *hich functions are simple hinge articulators not capable of doing+


26/201

1. Two dimensional movements

2. lose customi3ation of temporomandibular Eoint anatom&

-. 5eproduction of side shifts

$. Accept facebow transfer

a. 1 onl&b. 1,2,-

c. 2,-,$

d. 1,2,-,$

Answer: c/ 2,-,$ The hinge articulator can onl& perform two dimensional

movements.

Articulator lassification!I. 5imple hingeII. 8on-ad%ustable

III. 5emi-ad%ustableI'. Fully-ad%ustableFully ad%ustable articulator 0lass I'1:efers to the reproducibility of the patients condylar paths.7nly instruments that can produce all condylar border movements including protrusive-lateral paths can be called fully ad%ustable.Accepts facebow transfer.5imple hinge articulators 0lass I1Accepts single static record.arn door hinge.'ertical motion with very limited lateral movement.5maller arc of closure that does not come close to actual.5imple hinge articulators are limited only to movements a patient cannot ma2e. /awsonalso writes that they are a ma%or cause of errors in occlusal contouring and have no valuefor restorative procedures or occlusal analysis.:ef! 7cclusion, /awson. =age *K.


27/201

2=. *hen using a 0inematic facebow one should e'pect at least a 8mm error in

recording the true hinge a'is. The arbitrar& facebow records an appro'imation of

the true hinge a'is b& means of average measurements.

a. First statement is true, second is false.

b. First statement is false, second is true.

c. Goth statements are true.d. Goth statements are false.

Answer: b/ First statement is false, second is true. inematic facebow can determinethe hinge axis to within )mm. Arbitrary facebow uses average measurements asdetermined by each manufacturer.Facebow allows for!- =roviding a method of transferring the location of the condylar axis in the s2ull to thearticulator and relating the upper cast to the articulator.- $o record the spatial position of the maxillary arch relative to the opening and closingaxis.

Facebow indications!- Fixed =artial /entures if posterior vertical stop is included in the F=/.- 4ith entric :elation record that increases 'ertical /imension of 7cclusion.- Full mouth rehabilitation.- 4hen anterior guidance is deficient.- :emount procedures.- 4hen '/7 is changed on the articulator.

$wo types of facebows!Arbitrary and inematic.- )rbitrary acebo?s are less accurate but are ade3uate for many routine dental procedures.- :elies on determination by the manufacturer of the average relationship between thetrue hinge axis and an easily identifiable landmar2, usually the external auditory meatus.- Alignment may be achieved through the use of earpieces.- A minimum error of Hmm from the axis can be expected. $his error can be worsened bythe use of a thic2 interocclusal record.- $he use of an anterior reference point enables the clinician to duplicate measurementsmade on the articulator at subse3uent appointments.- *inematic acebo?s are needed when it is critical to reproduce the exact opening andclosing movement of the patient on the articulator.- 4hen the relationship between the maxillae and the axis of rotation has beenreproduced, the mandibular cast can be accurately positioned through the use of aninterocclusal record.- $he hinge axis of the mandible can be determined to within )mm by observing themovement of 2inematic facebow styluses positioned immediately lateral to the $9@ inclose proximity to the s2in.- $he 2inematic facebow techni3ue is time-consuming, thus limited to extensive prosthodontics. hange in vertical dimension of occlusion may be included in this group. ontemporary Fixed =rosthodontics, *nd 6d. :osenstiel, 5.F., (and, 9.F., Fu%imoto, @.)??H 9osby


28/201

2#. *hat is the main purpose of a cast distal e'tension posterior metal stop+ a. Provides for a more rigid 5P6 framewor0.

b. 9ncreases overall retention of the 5P6 to resist displacement.

c. Provides a positive apical seat tissue stop/ for the 5P6 in function.

d. Prevents bending of the distal e'tension framewor0 during acr&licprocessing.

Answer: d/ Prevents bending of the distal e'tension framewor0 during acr&lic

processing.

4ithout a cast stop the minor connector leading to the distal extension framewor2 of an:=/ is supported at only one end, the proximal end. $he minor connector may bendwhen force is applied during pac2ing and processing of the :=/ framewor2.$o prevent bending of the framewor2, a small area at the free end of the minor connector0or distal extension1 should contact the master cast. $his portion of the minor connectoris called a cast stop.

A cast stop is formed by removing a small s3uare 0*x*mm in surface area1 from the waxup used to create the refractory cast. It is positioned on the posterior strut of the minorconnector as it crosses the center of the ridge.A thic2ness of at least )mm is left between the distal extension struts and the master castto allow for sufficient bul2 of acrylic pac2ing during processing. $he cast stop helps preserve this thic2ness during pac2ing. $his thic2ness of acrylic allows for strength ofmaterial as well as room for ad%ustments.It is the acrylic denture base that provides for the apical seating of the distal extension,not the cast metal stop.5tewarts linical :emovable =artial =rosthodontics +rd 6d., =hoenix, :./., agna, /.:.,/eFreest, .F. *KK+ Puintessence =age *


29/201

2%. *hat allceramic porcelain s&stem is strongest in terms of fle'ural strength/+

a. Traditional powder slurr& ceramicsb. 9nfiltrated ceramics >slipcast 9neram/

c. eat pressed ceramics 4mpress/

d. astable glass ceramics 6icor/e. !achinable ceramics erec/

Answer: b/ 9nfiltrated ceramics slipcast/

Approximate flexural strength ranges for different ceramic systems 0these vary accordingto tooth type position1!=orcelain fused to metal +KK-HKKQ 9=a 0for comparison purposes1$raditional slurry >K-)K 9=aInfiltrated 0slip cast1 HK-KK 9=a"eat pressed )K-)>K 9=aastable )*K 9=a

9achinable )*K-*+K 9=a$raditional slurry O uses aluminous porcelain formed over platinum foil matrix.Feldspathic porcelain placed over this core.Infiltrated 0slip cast1 O aluminous porcelain, infiltrated with glass for strength. 8otetchable."eat pressed O K-HKD leucite reinforced ingot heated and physically pressed into lostwax mold. 6tchable. Feldspathic porcelain can be placed over this core.astable O polycrystalline glass ceramic. =rocessed li2e lost wax process.9achinable O computer aided design and machining 0A/-A91.


30/201

-C. *hich are advantages of screw retained implant prosthesis+

1. orrections can easil& be made for angular discrepancies between implant

fi'ture and restoration.

2. an be more easil& retrieved.-. 4as& to obtain path of draw in multiple unit fi'ed partial dentures.

$. 5euires less total vertical space for restoration.

a. 1,2

b. 1,-

c. 2,$

d. all of the above

Answer : c/ 2,$

Cement retained

Advantages!

5implicity and economy are plus. Angle corrections can be made to compensate fordiscrepancies between the implant inclination and the facial crown contour. Abutmentcan include an anti-rotational feature. est for small tooth replacement. 9ay be moreesthetically pleasing and less expensive./isadvantages!:e3uire more chair time, same propensity to loosen as screw retained. If zinc phosphate,glass ionomer, or composite resin cements are used, retrieval may be very difficult.:e3uires more vertical space due to two part construction 06stheticone needs .Emmvertical space. 9ulti unit abutment needs .+mm1.%cre? retained Advantages!:etrievability. rown can be more easily removed for repair, soft tissue evaluation,calculus debridement, and modifications to crown. Forces are usually directed downlong axis of implant, optimum esthetics more easily achieved. (ess vertical spacere3uired for restoration./isadvantages!=rimary disadvantage is that screw may loosen in function. 5crew is tightened to seatimplant crown to a clamping or preload force. 5crew will loosen if masticatory force isgreater than the clamping force. =roximal contacts need to be chec2ed carefully soabutment is seated properly 0cement abutment does not have this problem1. Access holethrough occlusal table of posterior teeth may affect esthetics.ontemporary Fixed =rosthodontics, +rd 6d., :osenstiel, (and, Fu%imoto, *KK) 9osby.=age +


31/201

-1. The ualit& of a preparation that prevents the restoration from being dislodged

b& the forces parallel to the path of the withdrawal is 0nown as retention.

The resistance form of tooth preparation resists the lateral and obliue forces which

tend to displace the restoration b& causing rotation around the gingival margin.

a. oth statements are true.

b. oth statements are false.c. $he first statement is true, second statement is false. d. $he first statement is false, second statement is true.

Answer: A

° Ade3uate retention and resistance depends on the following!

o 9agnitude and direction of the dislodging forces

o $ype of preparation

o eometry of the tooth preparation

ylindrical to restrain the movement

8ear parallel preparation.

Increased surface area 0axial wall height1 Adding grooves or boxes to limit the path of withdrawal and to interfere

with the rotational movemento 5urface roughness

o 9aterial being cemented

o $ype of luting agent

ontemporary Fixed =rothodontics, :osenstiel, (and N Fu%imoto, + rd 6d, *KK), p! )H)-)H>


32/201

-2. A slot is a retention groove whose length is in a hori3ontal plane and in dentin

and a loc0 is a retention groove whose length is in a vertical plane and in dentin.


33/201

--. 6eflection of an FP6 is proportional to the cube of its length. 9f the force on one

pontic produced certain amount of deflection, the same force on a three pontics will

produce eight times the distance of the deflection.

a. True

b. False

Answer: G

° According to (aw of beams, for * =ontics# > times the distance, for + pontics# *E

times the distance.

° 6dentulous span length will influence the prep design, number of abutments and

the design of F=/ connectors.

° 6xcessive flexing under occlusal loads may cause failure of a long-span F=/. It

can lead to fracture of porcelain, brea2age of a connector, loosening of a retainer,and unfavorable soft tissue response. All F=/s flex slightly under load, the longer the span, the greater the flexing.

° 4hen a long-span F=/ is fabricated, pontics and connectors should be made as

bul2y as possible to ensure maximum rigidity without compromise the gingivalhealth. Also, the F=/ material should have high strength and rigidity.

8=/5 Fixed =rosthodontics 5yllabus *KK*.ontemporary Fixed =rothodontics,:osenstiel, (and N Fu%imoto, +rd 6d, *KK), p! E*-E+.


34/201

-$. Btressbearing areas are recorded with least amount of pressure and selective

pressure is applied to the nonstressbearing areas.

The places with less space or relief will transmit more pressure during the

impression. a. Goth statements are true.

b. Goth statements are false.c. The first statement is true, second statement is false.

d. The first statement is false, second statement is true.

Answer: 6

° 5elective pressure techni3ue combines the principles of both pressure and non-

pressure procedures. 8on-stress-bearing areas are recorded with least amount of pressure and selective pressure is applied to the stress-bearing areas that arecapable of withstand the forces of occlusion.

° $he impressions are made in trays that have been selectively relieved, therefore

providing more space in some areas while at the same time having areas within

the trays that have less space. $he places that have less space or relief willtransmit more pressure during the impression. $his will distribute the greaterforce during function to a more favorable part of the area.

° linical evidence seems to favor the selective pressure techni3ue over

functional&physiologic or mucostatic techni3ue.:6F! omplete /enture 5yllabus, 8/5 ourseG*H*.


35/201

-8. *hat impression material is most stable 2$ hours later+

a. Pol&sulfides

b. Pol&ethers

c. Addition silicones

d. ondensation silicones

Answer:

° /imensional change!

ondensation siliconesR =olysulfidesR=olyethersR Addition silicones

° Addition silicones advantages include! accurate, good for undercut, multiple pours

and delay pours. /isadvantages include! costly, some hydrophobic, powder fromgloves can inhibit set of putty. 5econdary reaction may produce hydrogen gas, andsome brands contain =alladium as hydrogen scavenger. 8ot all addition siliconesrelease hydrogen gas, it is recommended that to wait +K minutes for the settingreaction to be complete before pouring.

9aterial onsistency /imensional change at * hr 0D 1

=olysulfides (ow9ed"igh

-K.K-K.H-K.

=olyethers (ow9ed"igh

-K.*+-K.*-K.)?

Addition silicones (ow9ed"igh'ery "igh

-K.)H-K.)E-K.)H-K.)

ondensation silicones (ow'ery "igh

-K.K-K.+>

8=/5 Fixed =rosthodontics 5yllabus *KK*:estorative /ental 9aterials, raig and =owers, ))th ed. *KK*. p! +H?


36/201

-;. *hich of the following statement regarding AP 5otational path 5P6 design are

correct+

1/ 9n 5otational path, one portion of the 5P6 is placed first, while with a

conventional path of placement all rests are seated more or less

simultaneousl&.

2/ AdEustment of the rigid retentive component is necessar&.-/ !inimi3es number of clasps.

$/ Tolerates error well.

8/ !a& be used as substitute to a longspan anterior FP6.

;/ Ised in absence of lingual or facial undercuts in anterior abutment teeth in

?enned& class 9@ anterior abutment teeth.

a. -, $, 8, ;

b. 1, 2, -, 8

c. 2, -, 8, ;

d. 1, -, 8, ;

e. 1, 2, -, ;

Answer: 6

° $he rotational path concept cannot be reduced simply to a straight path that

deviated mar2ed from the perpendicular. 4hile still fulfilling the re3uirements ofsupport, stability and retention, proper use of the rotational path permitselimination of clasps. $herefore minimized number of clasp, reduced pla3ueaccumulation and improved aesthetic.

° $he rigid retentive components are placed or rotated into undercuts and are

maintained in intimate tooth contact by their modified rests and otherconventional clasp in the design. Ad%ustment of the rigid retentive component isdifficult and little tolerance for error. /istortion of rigid retentive component is

unli2ely. :igid retainer may prevent further tipping of abutment teeth contacted.° $he retentive undercuts are located in mesial and distal interproximal undercuts

0K.*KC1 therefore often used in absence of lingual or facial undercuts.:otational path of placement for tooth borne partial dentures, raziani. "andout, *KK*.:emoval =artial /enture /esign 7utline 5yllabus, rol, @acobson, Finzen, th ed, )??K, p! ?->>


37/201

-=. 5esearchers have reported that there is little association between the choice of

3inc phosphate or glass ionomer cements and increased pulpal sensitivit& when

manufacturers7 recommendations were followed.

a. True

b. False

Answer: A

° If post-cementation sensitivity is a concern, the dentist should evaluate their

techni3ue, especially to avoid desiccation of the prepared dentin surface.

°


38/201

1. o relief space is necessar& when pouring dies with T&pe 9@ stone

with g&psum hardener due to the percentage of dimensional change

caused b& h&groscopic e'pansion.

2. The most common die spacers are epo'& die resin.

-. ne ma& substitute proprietar& painton liuids, such as model paint,

colored nail polish, or thermoplastic pol&mers dissolved in volatilesolvents.

$. 6ie spacers are placed to within 1.C mm of the preparation finish line

to provide relief for the luting agent.

a. 1, 2, -

b. 2, -, $

c. 1, -, $

d. -, $

The correct answer is d. - and $/

). Is false. $o produce relief space for cement, it is common to use a die spacer with

a stone die.*. Is false. 6poxy die materials are used for fabrication of the die, not as a spacermaterial. $hey are reliable with respect to dimensional change, but are slightlyundersized.

+. Is true. 7ne may substitute proprietary pain-on li3uids, such as model paint,colored nail polish, or thermoplastic polymers dissolved in volatile solvents.

. Is true. /ie spacers are placed to within ).K mm of the preparation finish line to provide relief for the luting agent and to ensure complete searing of an otherwise precisely fitting casting.

:eferences! Anusavice ! =hilips 5cience of /ental 9aterials, )Kth 6d. 4 5aunders,)??.


39/201

-%. *hich of the following statements regarding the film thic0ness of dental luting

cements includes are true+

1. A6A Bpecification o. # T&pe 9 states that film

thic0ness be 1CC um ma'imum/.

2. Linc phosphate is generall& the thic0est of the luting

agents-. Pol&carbo'&late cement has one of the highest

compressive strengths, but, does not meet the ma'imum

thic0ness guidelines.

$. Pol&carbo'&late cements &ields a film thic0ness of 28

um or less due to the action of spatulation and seating

with a vibrator& action to reduce the viscosit&.

8. $ype I states that film thic2ness be *H um0maximum1.

*. is false. Minc phosphate is generally the thinnest of the luting agents, with athic2ness of *K um.

+. is false. =olycarboxylate cement has one of the lowest compressive strengths, but,does meet the maximum thic2ness guidelines with a thic2ness rivaling zinc phosphate 0*)um1.

. is true. =olycarboxylate cements appear to be much more viscous than is acomparable mix of zinc phosphate cement. As the mix is classified as pseudoplastic, it undergoes thinning at an increased shear rate. linically, thecement yields a film thic2ness of *H um or less due to the action of spatulationand seating with a vibratory action to reduce the viscosity.

H. is true. /ont confuse particle size with film thic2ness. I film thic2ness ismore viscous than Minc phosphate polycarboxylate cements; it has a minimumthic2ness of approximately * um.

It is important to 2now the thic0ness of various cements. 8ote the following!

ement type 5ettingtime0min1

Film

thic0ness

um/

* hourcompressivestrength09pa1

* hour tensilestrength09pa1

6lasticmodulus0pa1

5olubilityin water 04tD1

=ulpresp

A85I&A/Aspecification > 0$ype I1

H.Kmin.

*H max. ? na na K.* max Ssee

Minc phosphate H.H *K )K H.H )+.H K.K 9od

M76 0$=6 I1 -)K *H -*> TT TT K.K 9ild


40/201

M76-6A 0$=6 II1 ?.H *H HH .) H.K K.KH 9ild

M76 =( .) *.H .K> 9ild

5I(I7="75="A$6 +.H- *H )H E. --- . 9od

:65I8 *- U*H EK-)E* --- *.)-+.) K-K.K) 9od

=7(A:7V(A$6 *) HH .* H.) .K 9ild(A55 I78796: E * > .* E.+ ).*H 9ild

S8ote-based on comparison with silicate cement, a severe irritant:eferences! Anusavice ! =hilips 5cience of /ental 9aterials, )Kth 6d., 4 5aunders,)??.


41/201

$C. 5egarding denture impressions, which of the following are true+

1. 6efinite pressure was advocated b& man& dentists as the best means for obtaining

an ideal impression as it logicall& applied the same pressure as was being applied

during chewing.

2. The mucostatic techniue embodies the idea that the interfacial surface tension

was the best wa& to retain dentures-. The selective pressure concept embodies the principles of both pressure and

mucostatic nonpressure/ procedures.

$. 9n selective pressure techniue, the nonstress bearing areas are recorded with the

least amount of pressure in certain areas of the ma'illae and mandible that are

capable of withstanding the forces of occlusion.

8. owfusing 9mpression wa'es are not sufficientl& accurate for a final impression.

a. 1 and -

b. 1, -, $

c. 1, 2, -, $

d. 2 and $

e. All of the above.

The correct answer is e. All of the above.

). Is true. /efinite pressure was advocated by many dentists, as it presumed that theocclusal loading during the impression would be the same as occlusal loading duringfunction.*. Is true. $he mucostatic or nonpressure techni3ue embodies the idea that the interfacialsurface tension was the best way to retain dentures. /espite many advocates, it became2nown that the non-pressure techni3ue could only be obtained by sacrificing theimportant concepts of maximum ridge coverage and border seal.+. Is true. $he selective pressure concept embodies the principles of both pressure andnonpressure procedures.. Is true. In selective pressure techni3ue, the non-stress bearing areas are recorded withthe least amount of pressure, and selective pressure is applied to certain areas of themaxillae and mandible that are capable of withstanding the forces of occlusion. $heseimpression area made in trays that have been selectively relieved, therefore providingmore space in some areas while at the same time having areas within the tray that haveless space. $he places that have less space or relief will transit more pressure during theimpression. Ideally, this will then distribute a greater force during function to a morefavorable part of the ridge&bone 0such as the buccal shelf1 and less pressure tounfavorable parts 0such as sharp ridge crests or bony spicules1. linical evidence favorsthe selective pressure techni3ue.H. Is true. (ow-fusing Impression waxes are not sufficiently accurate for a finalimpression for complete dentures, but, are satisfactory as a corrective material for a smallarea and for border refining for a tray. Iowa wax or $ype I Mn76 can both be used tocorrect minor defects.:eferences! omplete /enture 5yllabus, 8=/5, ethesda

:ahn A( and "eartwell 9! $extboo2 of omplete /entures, Hth 6d., (eaand Febiger, )??+.


42/201

$1. *hich one of the following is true regarding components of a removable partial

denture+

a. !aEor connectors should be fle'ible so that functional chewing forces are

properl& transmitted to the teeth and other tissues.

b. A minor connector is the unit of the partial denture that connects the parts of

the prosthesis located on one side of the arch with those on the other side.c. The linguoplate can in itself serve as an indirect retainer.

d. 4ach direct retainer and each occlusal rest are Eoined to the maEor connector

b& a minor connector.

554T AB*45: 6. is true

a. is false. :igidity of the ma%or connector resists flexing and tor3ue that would beotherwise be transmitted to abutment teeth or other structures as destructive forces. b. is false. A ma%or connector is the unit of the partial denture that connects the parts ofthe prosthesis located on one side of the arch with those on the other side. It is the unit ofthe :=/ which other all other parts are directly or indirectly attached.

c. is false. $he linguoplate should be something that is added to, and not something thatreplaces the conventional lingual bar. $he linguoplate and the continuous bar retainershould ideally have a terminal rest at each end regardless of the need for indirectretention.Indications for a linguoplate are!

). when the lingual frenum is high or the space available for a lingual bar islimited.

*. in class I situations in which the residual ridges have undergone excessivevertical resorption.

+. for stabilizing periodontally wea2ened teeth.. when the future replacement of one or more incisor teeth will be facilitated by

the addition of retention loops to an existing linguoplate.$here are six types of mandibular ma%or connectors. $hese include! lingual bar,sublingual bar, lingual bar with cingulum bar 0continuous bar1 retainer, cingulum bar,(inguoplate and labial bar.$here are four basic types of maxillary ma%or connectors. $hese include! single palatal bar, single palatal strap 0


43/201

$he portions of the framewor2 by which the denture bases are attached are minorconnectors. $he minor connector serves two purposes, which are diametric in function.$he first is to transfer functional stress to the abutment teeth.7cclusal forces applied to the artificial teeth are transmitted through the base to theunderlying ridge tissues if that base if primarily tissue supported.

7cclusal forces applied to the artificial teeth are also applied to the abutment teeththrough occlusal rests.$his is called prosthesis-to-abutment function of the minor connector.$he second is to transfer the effect of the retainers, rests, and stabilizing components tothe rest of the denture. $his is abutment-to-prosthesis function of the minor connector.:eferences!9cinvney and astleberry! 9c rac2ens :emovable =artial =rosthodontics, ?th 6d.,9osby )??H.


44/201

$2. *hich of the following factors concerning retention and resistance for single unit

crowns are false+

a. ver tapering of the opposing a'ial walls can be corrected if a band of

several millimeters of tooth structure can be prepared circumferentiall& with

a restricted taper of appro'imatel& ; degrees.b. As taper increases, the free movement of the restoration will do so li0ewise,

and reduce the retention.

c. !olar crowns are more retentive than premolar crowns of similar taper.

d. T&pical placement for grooves in a single unit are mesial and distal.

e. A =># crown with grooves has more retention than a complete crown with no

grooves.

4 is the correct answer. 9t is false statement

a. Is a true statement. 7ver tapering of the opposing axial walls can be corrected if a band of several millimeters of tooth structure can be prepared circumferentially

with a restricted taper of approximately degrees. It is probably unnecessary tofurther modify the preparation to compensate for the areas of excessive reductionin the occlusal third. If this is not the case, one can used an approach slightly lessconservative of tooth structure such as uprighting overtapered axial walls toobtain the mechanical advantage of increased retention or using grooves, boxes,or pinholes as needed.

b. Is a true statement. $heoretically, maximum retention is obtained if a tooth preparation has parallel walls, but, a slight convergence, or taper, is necessary inthe completed preparation. As long as this taper is small, the movement of thecemented restoration will be effectively retained by the preparation and will havewhat is 2nown as a limited path of withdrawal. As taper increases, the freemovement of the restoration will do so li2ewise, and reduce the retention.

c. Is a true statement. rowns with long axial walls are more retentive than thosewith short axial walls. 9olar crowns are more retentive than premolar crowns ofsimilar taper.Additional information! $he factors influencing the resistance of cementedrestorations include luting agents of the following in order of decreasingresistance! adhesive resin, glass ionomer, zinc phosphate, polycarboxylate, zincoxide-eugenol

d. Is a true statement. In a short or excessively tapered complete crown, resistanceform is minimal because most of the buccal wall is missing. A mesiodistal grooveshould be placed to increase resistance form.

A E&> crown with grooves has less retention than a complete crown with no grooves.According to a study by =otts : et al! @ =ros /ent +!+K+, )?>K. $he removal forcefor a complete crown with no grooves was )K>K 8 versus the E&> crown with grooveswhich re3uired only HKE 8 of removal force.

5eferences: :osenthiel, (and and Fu%imoto! ontemporary Fixed =rosthodontics, $hird6d., 9osby, *KK).=otts : et al! @ =ros /ent +!+K+, )?>K.


45/201

$-. *hich of the following are incorrect for g&psum products+

1. The smaller the water: powder ratio of the original investment water

mi'ture, the less the h&groscopic setting e'pansion.

2. As the mi'ing time is reduced, the h&groscopic e'pansion is decreased.

-. The greatest amount of h&groscopic setting e'pansion is observed if the

immersion ta0es place after the initial set.$. The longer the immersion of the investment in the water bath is dela&ed

be&ond the time of the initial set of the investmentM the lower is the

h&groscopic e'pansion.

8. A mi'ture of silica and g&psum hemih&drate results in setting e'pansion

greater than that of the g&psum product when it is used alone.

a. 1 onl&

b. 1 and 2

c. 1 and -

d. - and $

e. 8 onl&

The correct answer is c. 1 and -.

). Is false. $he smaller the water! powder ratio of the original investment watermixture, the greater the hygroscopic setting expansion.

*. Is true. In general, the less the 4!= ratio and the longer the mixing time within practical limits, the greater is the setting expansion.

+. Is false. $he greatest amount of hygroscopic setting expansion is observed if theimmersion ta2es place before the initial set.

. Is true. $he longer the immersion of the investment in the water bath is delayed beyond the time of the initial set of the investment, the lower is the hygroscopicexpansion.

H. Is true.:eferences!Anusavice ! =hilips 5cience of /ental 9aterials, )K th 6d., 4 5aunders, )??.


46/201

=6:I7

1/. *hich of the following statements concerning the classification of periodontal

disease and conditions are true:

1. ?1 did not include asection on gingival diseases. In this classification, gingival diseases are classified intoeither dental pla3ue induced or non-pla3ue induced. 8on-pla3ue induced includes a widerange of disorder that effect the gingiva.+ is false! =eriodontic-6ndodontic lesions are an additional category in the newclassification system. is false! haracteristics common to all gingival diseases include reversibility of thedisease by removing the etiology and precursor to attachment loss around teeth.

:6F! Armitage, .! /evelopment of a lassification 5ystem for =eriodontal diseases andonditions. Ann =eriodontal ! )-, )???


47/201

2/. *hat perio procedures are BG4 proph&la'is reuired for+

1. Periodontal procedures including surger&, scaling and root planning, probing

and recall maintenance.

2. 6ental implant placement.

-. Bub gingival placement of antibiotic fibers or strips.$. Proph&lactic cleaning of teeth or implants where bleeding is anticipated.

a/ 1

b/ 1, 2

c/ 1, 2, -

d/ 1, 2, -, $

Answer: d. All perio procedures re3uire 56 prophylaxis except when bleeding is notanticipated, or suture removal.

:6F! /a%ani A5, $aubert A, 4ilson 4, et al B=reventation of bacterial 6ndocarditis.:ecommendations by the A"A,C @A9A, )??E, *EE0**1! )E?->K)


48/201

-/. 9f the color band of the PB5 probe completel& disappears in the periodontal

poc0et:

a/ 9ndicates that P6 is less than 8.8mm.

b/ PB5 ode for this se'tant is -.

c/ omprehensive periodontal e'amination and charting of the effected se'tantto determine the necessar& treatment plan.

d/ omprehensive full mouth periodontal e'amination, charting and treatment

planning are needed.

$he color band of the =5: probe is +.H to H.H mm. If the color band of the =5: probecompletely disappears in the periodontal poc2et indicates that =/ is more than H.Hmm.=5: ode for this sextant is 4.omprehensive periodontal examination and charting of the effected sextant to determinethe necessary treatment plan is indicated for code 3 0color band of the =5: probe is

partially submerged1.The correct answer is d/! omprehensive full mouth periodontal examination, chartingand treatment planning are needed for code 4 patient and two or more 3uadrant with code3 patient.

:6F! arranza, 8ewman! linical =eriodontology, >th 6dition. 5aunders. =p! +K-).


49/201

$/. PB5 Periodontal Bcreening and 5ecording B&stem/ is recorded b& which of the

following+

1. ode C indicates there is no bleeding, no calculus, no defective margins, and

the colored band remains completel& visible. or defective margins are present. Treatment includes

the removal of plaue and calculus, defective margins, and oral h&giene

instructions.

$. ode - The colored band is partiall& submerged. This indicates that the

se'tant needs a comprehensive periodontal evaluation. 9f two or more

se'tants are code - than a complete comprehensive evaluation and charting is

necessar&.8. ode $ The colored band is completel& covered indicating a depth greater

that ;.8 mm. Full mouth charting and treatment planning are reuired.

a/ All of the above are accurate statements.

b/ 1, 2, -, and $.

c/ 1, 2, and $.

d/ 1 and 8

The correct answer is c.

$he =5: system uses especially designed probe that has a K.H mm ball tip and is coloredcoded from +.H to H.H mm. $he patients mouth is divided into six sextants. At least sixareas are examined around each tooth. $he deepest finding in each sextant is recorded.ode * is incorrect only because the colored band is still fully visible.ode is not correct since the colored band indicates a depth greater than H.H mm.ode S ! An S after a number indicates that there is one of the following conditions!furcation involvement, tooth mobility, mucogingival problem, or gingival recessionextending to the colored band 0+.H mm or greater1.

linical =eridontology. 6ight 6dition. =ages +K-+)


50/201

8/. *hich of the following pairs are incorrect+

1. Actisite contains tetrac&cline

2. Periostat conatins do'&c&cline

-. Periochip contains minoc&cline l$. Arsestin contains chlorohe'idine

8. Atrido' is a do'&c&cline gel.

a. 2,-,8

b. -,$

c. 2,-,$

d. 1,$

Answer: b/. 5tatement ) is true. Actisite is a *+cm monofilament of ethylene vinylacetate impregnated with )*.Emg 0K.Hmg&cm1 of tetracycline. 4hen placed in the

poc2et for ten days it reaches )KK times the pea2 levels achieved with systemic oraladministration. Indications are sites that fail to respond to conventional therapy.5tatement * is true. It is a prescription capsule used in con%unction with scaling androot planning. It is a uni3ue form of doxycycline 0*K mg caps1. It uses thecollagenalytic 0collagenase inhibitors1 properties of tetracycline while limiting bacterial resistance.5tatement + is not accurate. $he =eriochip is a VH mm firm gelatin stripimpregnated with chlorhexadine. It is inserted into poc2ets Hmm or greater. It is usedas a supplement to scaling and root planning.5tatement is not accurate. Arestin contains minocycline "( 0)mg1. 9icrospherescontaining the drug are inserted into the poc2et. It is used as an ad%unct to scaling androot planning. $he microspheres are a polymer material that is bioadhesive, bioresorbable. 7nce inserted it adheres to the periodontal poc2et. $he drug is slowlyreleased by diffusion form the spheres to the poc2et. Arestin maintains therapeuticdrug levels for at least ) days.5tatement H is correct. It is a gel that solidifies in the poc2et and releases tetracyclineover a seven day period

Information from a lecture by ($ 9icheal abassa, $he :ole of =harmacotherapeutics in=eriodontal $herapy, 7ctober *KK*, 8aval =ostgraduate /ental 5chool


51/201

;/. *hich of the following statements are correct+

1 Bupra gingival plaues contain mainl& coccoid and filamentous forms of

bacteria.

2 (orncob) which is filamentous forms of bacteria covered with coccal

organisms are present in supragingival plaue.- Gacterial cells are densel& pac0ed the tooth surface in supragingival plaue

$ Bubgingival plaue is less organi3ed than supragingival plaue.

8 umerous spirochetes, gram negative bacteria, and bacteria grouped in

(bottle brush) formations are present in subgingival plaue.

a/ 1,2, and -

b/ 1,2,-, and $

c/ 1 and -

d/ All of the above

All of the above are correct. 5upragingival pla3ue is densely pac2ed on the tooth surfaceabout K.Hmm thic2 or more. Flagellated forms and spirochetes are observed apically and onthe outer surface of the supragingival pla3ue.5ubgingival pla3ue has an outer and inner layer. $he inner layer is tightly adherent but isthinner than and not as organized as supraginigal pla3ue. $he outer layer ad%acent to the softtissue is loosely adherent layer. It is composed of the organisms in answer H.

Formation of the dental pellicle is the initial stage of pla3ue formation. All surfaces of the oral cavity are covered with a glycoprotein. $he mechanisms of pellicle formationare electrostatic, 'an der 4aals forces and hydrophobic forces. 4ithin a few hours bacteria is found on the dental pellicle. $he initial bacteria are gram-positivefacultative bacteria such as )ctinomyces viscoss and %treptococcs san1is. $he

initial bacteria adhere to the pellicle by adhesions and fimbriae on the surface of the bacteria. As the pla3ue matures the bacteria become more gram-negative anaerobicorganisms. 5econdary colonization of bacteria that do not initially colonize cleantooth surfaces occurs. oaggreagation is the term to describe different species of bacteria adhering to one another in mature pla3ue.

$he =eriodontic 5yllabus, $hird 6dtion. =age )Hlinical =eriodontology, >th 6dition =age >->>


52/201

=/. *hich feature is not found in the implant K soft tissue interface+

a/ Bulcular epithelium

b/ emidesmosomes

c/ Bharpe&7s fibers

d/ Gasal aminae/


53/201

#/. *hat is the order of e'pected prognosis for treated furcation involved molar

teeth from worst to best+

a/ !n 1st, !n 2nd, !a' 1st, !a' 2nd

b/ !a' 2nd, !a' 1st, !n 2nd, !n 1st

c/

!a' 1st

, !n 2nd

, !a' 2nd

, !n 1st

d/ one of the above

Answer: b/ !a' 2nd, !a' 1st, !n 2nd, !n 1st

9axillary molars have worse prognosis than mandibular. 5econd molars have worse prognosis than first molars.lic2man I O feel fluting, not roof lic2man II O engage roof lic2man III O =robe goes through furcationlic2man I' O an see through furcation

Furcation treatment options!- 8on surgical- :egenerative- :esective- 6xtraction


54/201

%.*AT !A?4B A P45B BIB4PT9G4 9!!I


55/201

1C/. Beveral factors predispose diabetics to periodontitis. *hich are correct+

1. elevated glucose levels in oral fluids can influence microbial flora

2. impaired er&throc&te function, including phagoc&tosis ma& reduce resistance

to periodontitis

-. altered collagen metabolites and vascular changes including stasis$. impaired chemotactic and phagoc&tic activit& of pol&morphonuclear

leu0oc&tes

a. 1,2,-

b. 1,-,$

c. 2,-,$

d. -,$

e. all the above

Answer: b/ $he glucose content of gingival fluid and blood was found to behigher in diabetics. $hic2ening of the basement membrane of capillaries may

hamper the transport of nutrients. $he increased susceptibility of diabetics toinfection has been hypothesized as being due to =98 deficiencies resulting inimpaired chemotaxis, defective phagocytosis, or impaired adherence.

lic2mans Clinical Periodonto1y th ed. pp. -H


56/201

11/. All of the following have shown some clinical correlation with periodontitis

e'cept:

a. ardiovascular disease

b. Btro0e

c. Pernicious anemia

d. ow birth weight babiese. 5espirator& disease.

Answer: c/. Ample evidence has shown a relationship of periodontal health as an importantcomponent in management of some systemic diseases. A relationship is suggested betweenacute systemic infections and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease that includesmyocardial infarction and stro2e. (ow birth weight babies- believed to occur becauseaccumulation of gram0-1 micro organisms such as those found in periodontitis results inincreased release of prostaglandin and cyto2ines which may act on distant sites such as the placenta. 5evere =eriodontitis is associated with upper and lower respiratory disease such as

hospital ac3uired pneumonia.

:6F6:686! Fedi =erio 5yllabus th edition *KKK pg.*? and ?K.


57/201

12/. oncerning grafts which of the following are T5I4.

1. steoinductive is where the graft acts as a template for bone formation.

2. steogenesis is where the graft stimulates new bone formation.

-. Bmall particle si3e of -CC to 8CC microns is advantageous.

$. steoconductive is where the cells of the graft actuall& produce new bone.

8. ortical bone is the best source of pluripotential osteogenic cells.8. Adeuate vascularit& is needed intramarrow penetration with a O round

bur/.

;. A mechanicall& stable wound siteprimar& flap closure and

circumferential seal is necessar&.

#. 4mdogain is enamel matri' proteins obtained from pigs.

a/ all are true

b/ 1,-,;,= are true

c/ 1,2,-,$ are true

d/ -,;,=,# are true

e/ $,8,;,# are true

a. Answer! 0d1 75$6778/-)E*.


58/201

1-/. The hemiseptal defect is:

a/ A onewall defect with one pro'imal wall

b/ A onewall defect with one linguopalatal wall

c/ A one wall defect with one buccolabial wall

d/ A two walled defect with two pro'imal walls

Answer: a/ A one-wall defect presents with either one proximal wall 0hemiseptal1 orone linguopalatal or buccolabial wall. $hese defects are generally not amenable toregenerative theraputic approaches. :esective therapy, with the goal of creating a physiologic osseous architecture, will provide a more predictable and stable long-termresult.$wo-wall defects are bordered by either two proximal walls, a buccal&labial and proximalwall or a buccal&labial and a lingual wall. A two-wall defect consisting of a buccal&labial and a lingual&palatal wall is commonly referred to as an interdental or

osseous crater. $he ad%acent teeth are the other two walls of the defect. According to astudy by 9anson and 8ic2olson, the interdental crater constitutes approximately onethird of all intrabony defects and as many as two thirds of all mandibular defects.$hree-wall intrabony defects are characterized as having three osseous walls; the toothsurface constitutes the fourth wall. $hese defects may be localized to one proximal ormidradicular surface, or may be circumferental, involving two or more root surfaces. $he typical clinical encounter is with a combination defect which combines two or moreof the above.

=eriodontal $herapy, 8evins and 9ellonig, pp)EH,)E


59/201

1$/. *hich of the following statements are true regarding attachment levels and

uprighting molars+

a. Poc0ets mesial to uprighted molars are shallower than poc0ets mesial to

control teeth that have not been uprighted.

b.


60/201

18/. *hat is the most significant challenge regarding anterior implants+

a. 6ifficult& in being able to use a fi'ture with adeuatel& large enough

diameter due to lac0 of bone.

b. Becuring the proper angulation of the fi'turec.


61/201

1;/. *hich of the following statements regarding


62/201

1=/. Page and Bchroeder described several phases in the pathogenesis of periodontolog&M

which one the statements is true+

1. The initial lesion is described as a classic chronic e'udative vasculitis.

2. *ithin $ to 1C da&s, the earl& lesion develops. 9t is characteri3ed b& a dense

infiltrate of P!s, pathologic alteration of fibroblasts, and an increase of the

connective tissue substance

-. The established lesion develops within 2 to - months and is distinguished b& a

predominance of plasma cells and earl& hori3ontal bone loss.

$. 9n the advanced lesion, plasma cells continue to predominate although loss of

the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament, and disruption of the tissue

architecture with fibrosis are also important characteristics.

a. 1 is correct

b. 2 is correct

c. - is correct

d. $ is correct

Answer: d/

). False. $he gingival tissues respond within * to days to a beginningaccumulation of microbial pla3ue with a classic acute exudative vasculitis whichwe have termed the initial lesion.

*. False. 4ithin to )K days, the early lesion develops. $his stage is characterized by a dense infiltrate of lymphocytes and other mononuclear cells, pathologicalteration of fibroblasts, and continuing loss of the connective tissue substance.$he structural features of the early lesion are consistent with those expected insome form of cellular hypersensitivity, and a mechanism of this 2ind may be

important in the pathogenesis.+. False. $he early lesion is followed by the established lesion which develops

within * to + wee2s and is distinguished by a predominance of plasma cells in theabsence of significant bone loss. $he established lesion, which is extremelywidespread in humans and in animals, may remain stable for years or decades, orit may become converted into a progressive destructive lesion. Factors causingthis conversion are not understood.

. $rue. In the advanced lesion, plasma cells continue to predominate although lossof the alveolar bone and periodontal ligament, and disruption of the tissuearchitecture with fibrosis are also important characteristics. $he initial, early, andestablished lesions are se3uential stages in gingivitis and they, rather than the

advanced lesion which is manifest clinically as periodontitis, ma2e up the ma%or portion of inflammatory gingival and periodontal disease in humans.

(ab Invest. )?E 9ar;+0+1!*+H-?.=athogenesis of inflammatory periodontal disease. A summary of current wor2. =age :,5chroeder "6.


63/201

1#/. Burgical management of implant repair includes all but which of the following+

1. 5etreatment of ailing and failing implants depends on an accurate diagnosis

and effective nonsurgical intervention to stabili3e or arrest progression of an

active perimplant lesion

2. 9f mucogingival defects e'ist onl& around the ailing or failing implant,subseuent osseous surger& ma& not be needed if soft tissue augmentation is

successfull& performed

-. The goals of perimplant surgical therapies are to reestablish a health&

perimucosal seal and regenerate a soft or hard tissue attachment to the

implant.

$. 5egenerative procedures, including bone grafting with mandator&


64/201

1%/. allous formation forms during the fibroplasia stage of e'traction site wound

healing.

a. True

b. False

Answer: b/ Four stages of wound healing! inflammation, epithelialization, fibroplasia,and remodeling.Immediately the soc2et fills with blood, which coagulates and seals bone from air.Inflammatory - wee2 )! 4s remove bacteria and brea2 down debrisFibroplasia occurs along with 6pithelialization O wee2 ) to +!Fibroplasia consists of the ingrowth of fibroblasts and capillaries. 7steoclasts accumulatealong the lamina dura. ranulation tissue develops and an osteoid material is laid downstarting at the soc2et wall.6pithelialization consists of the migration of gingival&mucosa from the boarders of thewound into the soc2et and over the granulation tissue. $he duration is dependent on how

large the secondary healing site is, but usually complete be wee2 + or :emodeling starts from wee2 H to months. 7steoclasts resorb the cortical bone liningthe soc2et, and together with osteoblasts reorganize the haphazard pattern laid downearlier into regular bone with the reestablishment "aversian canal systems. As bone fillsthe soc2et, the epithelial covering is raised to a level that roughly e3uates to thesurrounding tissues.allous formation only occurs when medulary bone is forced to heal by secondaryintention as in a fractured long bone where the ends are not approximated. Fibroblastsand osteoblasts 3uic2ly produce so much fibrous matrix, the healing tissue extendscircumferentially beyond the free ends of bone. Peterson, /!s, pp, "er, Conte*por#r& r# #n$ #!o#"!# Sr%er&. os6&

199, p#%es 1+3-1++

9yron 8evins, @ames 9ellonig, =eriodontal $herapy! linical Approaches and 6videnceof 5uccess. Puintessence oo2s. =age **


65/201

2C/. 5ead both parts, choose the best answer for each and ma0e &our selection

below.

PA5T A: *hat is the most common antitarter ingredient in toothpaste+

1. $riclosan with ='9&9A 0polyvinyl methyl ether malic acid12. $en!asodium 4rip"osp"a!e-. 4e!rapo!assium $5rop"osp"a!e

$. 5odium hexametaphosphate

Part G: 9n regards to the above, what is the mode of action+

1. Affects polyglycans of bacteria which prevents pla3ue formation thus reducing tartar2. Inhibits crystalline matrix formation preventing mineralization-. Forms a coating on the tooth surface that inhibits calcification build -up$. =revents minerals from precipitating out of the saliva

a/ 1>$

b/ 2>1

c/ ->2

dA 4B3

Answers: b/

AntiTartar Products: 7ne of the first products to venture beyond fluoride was tartarcontrol toothpaste. $he ma%or anti-calculus strategy developed by researchers in the)?EKs was to inhibit crystal growth, thus preventing the mineralization of developing pla3ue and the transition of the pla3ue into calculus. $he most effective agents in vitrowere the p&rophosphates, but in the oral cavity these were rapidly bro2en down by bacterial and salivary pyrophosphatase enzymes. In the )?>Ks, formulations were createdusing high concentrations of pyrophosphates 0and other polyphosphate salts1 that could be combined with sodium fluoride to both reduce tartar buildup 0not preformed tartar1and retain anti-caries potency. $he concentration of sodium fluoride was high enough toserve as an #nt!-en'&*e and help inhibit the limiting pyrophosphatase enzymes in themouth.07ther anti-tartar formulations have not applied for nor received the A/A 5eal. 7ne such product, a toothpaste containing itroxain -- a mixture of the enzyme papain, sodiumcitrate and alumina -- has some supporting published data and is mar2eted primarily as awhitening toothpaste.1!andel 96, alculus update: Prevalence, pathogenicit& and prevention. J Am 6ent

Assoc 12;:8=-#C, 1%%8.

Tetrapotassium Pyrophosphate, 8nh!6!ts "r&st#!ne *#tr!

$he addition of ) percent of a copolymer of methoxy-ethylene and maleic acid 0antrez,AF orp.1 appears to improve the effectiveness of some anti-tartar products.


66/201

%chi T9, Comparative clinical stdy o t?o anti-calcls dentirices. Compend Cont

$dc 0ent %ppl ;A(%28-8, 7#;8.

$he tartar control products that have received the A/A 5eal have been shown inappropriately designed clinical studies to be effective decay preventives as well as to

significantly reduce the formation of tartar above the gum line. A caveat is included onthe label that such products have not been shown to have a therapeutic effect on periodontal disease. $he anti-tartar ingredients are considered by both the A/A and F/Ato be primarily cosmetic, not therapeutic. $hey do not affect the already hardeneddeposits.

$artar control dentifrice containing E.KD sodium he'ametaphosphate 0HDhexametaphosphate anion1 "as been shown to demonstrate anti-tartar properties, but it isnew, not approve and only one dentifrice lists it in its ingredients

A K.H percent zinc citrate combined with K.* percent triclosan O is an effective anti-

bacterial agent;H triclosan and the polymer antrez;E and pyrophosphate and triclosan.>$he triclosan&antrez combination is part of a multibenefit product that has beenapproved by the A/A and F/A and is awaiting mar2eting in the


67/201

P46>5T>PIG9 4AT>5A6

1. *hich of the following are true regarding tooth eruption pattern+

1. The first permanent premolars replace the primar& molars.2. The ma'illar& succedaneous incisors usuall& erupt before the mandibular

incisors.

-. The most favorable eruption seuence for primar& teeth in either arch is

AG64 using Palmar notation/

$. The eruption seuence for the succedaneous dentition in the mandible

usuall& includes eruption of the canines before the premolars.

8. The eruption seuence for the ma'illa usuall& includes eruption of the

canines before the premolars.

a. - and $ onl& are correct

b. 1, 2, and - are correctc. 1, -, and $ are correct

d. 2, $, and 8 are correct

e. 2, -, and $ are correct

P59!A5 64T9T9! 45IPT9

$77$" (6$$6: /P8

68$:A( A ; % !TB

(A$6:A( = 1C !TB

A8I86 1# !TB

)5$ 97(A: / 1$ !TB

* 8/ 97(A: 6 2$ !TB=rimary :oot completion )> months post eruption. 0)*-)> mos.1

$eeth erupt when the root is *&+ complete.most favorable eruption se3uence for primary teeth both9ax N 9an! A/6

=rimary teeth!germs form at -> w2s I<enamel forms - monthsroots complete approx ) yr after eruption

Permanent 6entition 4ruption Beuence: 9ax! )*H+E>9an! )*+HE>

6mergence when *&+ root present:oot completion + years post eruption 0*-+ yrs.1


68/201

6ruption se3uence!- mandibular incisors- )st permanent molars, upper incisors

- canine 0mand1- )st premolar

- max canine- *nd premolar

Also!9axillary! )st molar, I, (I, )st =9, *nd =9, uspid, *nd molar, +rd molar 9andibular! )st molar, I, (I, uspid, )st =9, *nd =9, *nd molar, +rd molar

$he

FSBGD Written Study Questions 2003(2)

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