FRUITS

1. Simple fruit - a fruit formed from a single ovary of a single

flower (monocarpous or syncarpous ovary)2. Aggregate fruit - a fruit formed from several ovaries of a single

flower (apocarpous) e.g. Anona3. Multiple fruit

- a fruit formed from the ovaries of flowers borne in a compact inflorescence. The fruits unite at maturity e.g. jackfruit, pineapple

Fruits can be divided into three categories:

Simple fruits1. Dry indehiscent fruits2. Dry dehiscent fruits3. Succulent/Fleshy fruits

A fruit : - pericarp + the seed (inside) - is a ripened ovary/ovaries generally containing one to many seeds inside

Pericarp : exocarp/epicarp + mesocarp + endocarp

** Following pollination and fertilization in a flower, the ovule develops into a seed while the ovary wall forms the fruit pericarp

1. Simple Fruits

pericarp

seed

Nut

AcheneCypsela Samara

A. Dry indehiscent fruits

coleoptile

plumule

coleorrhiza

radicleendosperm

Caryopsis

Schizocarp

Loment/Lomentum

B. Dry dehiscent fruits

FollicleSiliqua

Legume/Pod

(i) Capsule (Septicidal) (ii) Capsule (Loculicidal)

(iv-a) Capsule (Circumscissle)

(iii) Capsule (Poricidal)

(iv-b) Capsule (Operculate)

(Pyxis) (Poricidal)

Rubber – Capsule septicidal

Durian – Capsule loculicidal

epicarpepicarp

mesocarpmesocarp

endocarpendocarp

epicarp

mesocarp

endocarp

Berry

Drupe

C. Succulent/Fleshy fruits

endocarpepicarp

epicarp

mesocarp

endocarp

outer limit of carpel

remains of stamen, style and

calyxPomeHesperidium

Pepo

seed

tough (originated from the receptacle)

2. Aggregate Fruit

pedicel

calyx

pits/seedsfleshy receptacle

Strawberry

(achene)

pedicel

fruitlet

seed

Anona

bract

3. Multiple Fruits

fruit axis

remains of a flower

Pineapple (sorosis)

peduncle

Jackfruit

seed

pericarp

fruit axis

thickened stigma remains

perianth

true fruit

thickened stigma remains