Post Disaster Reconstruction:From Gujarat to Indian Ocean Tsunami…to Kashmir

Anshu Sharma, SEEDS India

26th January, 2001...

Earthquake Strikes• 0845 hrs. (IST) on

January 26 near Bhuj, Gujarat

• 7.9 on Richter Scale

• Over 20,000 feared dead

• Disaster in an already drought stricken area

SEEDS Relief

Specially Designed Family Packs

A bucket, sets of clothes for the entire family, food stock for 15 days, candles, matchboxes, utensils and bedding.

…continued with dialogue

community planning meeting

demonstration unit for masons

rural exhibition on safe construction

The SEEDS Rehab Programme in Gujarat…

PATANKA NAVJIVAN YOJANAPATANKA NAVJIVAN YOJANA

District Patan, GujaratDistrict Patan, Gujarat

Patanka Navjivan Yojana

PNYWater

HarvestingLivelihood Security

Health & Education

Reconstruction & Repair of Buildings

Training & Demonstration

Masons from NepalShake Table Tests

not just rebuilding houses, but rebuilding lives !

Joint EffortsParticipation of :

Earthquake Disaster Mitigation Research Center,Japan

Government of Gujarat, India

Geo Hazards International, USA

Gap Inc., USA

National Center for People’s Action in Disaster Preparedness, India

National Society for Earthquake Technology, Nepal

National Centre for Disaster Management

NGOs Kobe, Kobe, Japan

United Nations Centre for Regional Development (UNCRD), Kobe, Japan

Salient Features• Each family decides the location, size, design and material of its

new house

• Houseowner contributes land, material and labour

• Mason is hired for construction and paid for by the houseowner

• Houseowner assists the mason and learns masonry in the process

• Entire families get involved in carrying material, cement curingetc.

• Implementing agency contributes cement and steel for reinforcement to a maximum ceiling of US$ 200 worth

• Unit cost of average house is US $ 1,000 as compared to US $ 2,000 and above in most rehabilitation projects

GOGO--NGONGO--CommunityCommunity

Community MeetingCommunity Meeting

TrainingTraining

Masons from Nepal: the `language of handsMasons from Nepal: the `language of hands’’

Models used in trainingModels used in training

Field Shake Table Program

Table Stoppers

Roller Close Up

Shake Table

Shake Table Setup

Shocks with Tractor’s Help

In View of Large Gathering

End of Test - Collapse of Ordinary Model & Damage in Improved Model

Retrofitting Increases Seismic Resistance

Learning to do!Learning to do!

Material YardMaterial Yard

Steel YardSteel Yard

Steel WorkshopSteel Workshop

Timber WorkshopTimber Workshop

Self Help is best helpSelf Help is best help

HouseownerHouseowner assists masonassists mason

A project team of 5, and 250 houses to build!A project team of 5, and 250 houses to build!

Reconstruction, a family activity…..

SEEDS team with Ramiben, the owner of the first complete house

Meeting Village Women: spinning off from the projectMeeting Village Women: spinning off from the project

The community planning process….

Public announcement for the meeting !

Introduction

…and welcome !

Group was then divided into 3 subgroups

1 group of men and two groups of women !

Each group was given a base model of the existing structure and we asked them for suggestions on possible uses.

Existing School

Men’s group in action, SEEDS team facilitating

Everyone was given plasticine to play with and put it on the model

Suggestions came in form of models

Proposals from villagers in plasticine !

Letter Box

Public stanpipe

All three models were then put on public display

For their hard work, the villagers were treated to a movie show. Indian block buster - Lagaan !

Strategic follow-up

Mason Training and Certification Programme

Strategic follow-up

School Safety Programme

Strategic follow-up

CBDM Programme

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Wind Tunnel and Water Harvesting Models

26th December, 2004...

Tsunami Strikes• 0800 hrs. (IST) on December

26, Andaman Nicobar Islands

• Triggered by earthquake of 9 on Richter Scale in Indonesia

• Over 15,000 feared dead in the A&N Islands

• Total devastation of settlements along coast

• Major problems of accessibility

Extensive damage

SEEDS Relief

Relief started on 28 December

Relief camps with kitchen and sanitation facilities

Extended relief in affected settlements

Relief kits flown from Mainland

…Recovery

Psychosocial support

…Reconstruction

Beneficiary Participation

…Gujarat shows the way

SEEDS Mason Association

…Advocacy

Appropriate Shelter Construction

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…Value Additions

• Micro-Credit with insurance, savings and livelihood relief fund

• Re-establishment of women’s centres

• Citizens’ Resource Centres

• Mason Training Programme

• School Safety Programme

• CBDM programme in all settlements

08 October, 2005...

Earthquake Strikes• 0924 hrs. (IST) on October 08,

Jammu and Kashmir

• Earthquake of 7.6 on Richter Scale in Kashmir

• Over 2,000 feared dead in Jammu and Indian Kashmir

• Over 60,000 houses feared destroyed on Indian side

• Major problems of accessibility, oncoming extreme winter

Extensive damage, Risk from oncoming winter

SEEDS Relief

Relief started on 09 October

600 families covered in Poonch District

Relief included tents, bedding, warm clothes, children’s educational material

Winter distribution in Dec

…Recovery

Interim Shelter Programme

A learning process …

• Safe houses do not have to be expensive• Involvement of communities in processes leads to greater ownership on

products• Hands on training is more effective than classroom sessions • Cooperation, even of international level, is most productive when carried

out at grassroot level• Open ended and community based projects yield monumental spin-offs• Well implemented and documented grassroot initiatives can and do

influence policy environment

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Go to the PeopleLive among them.Learn from themStart from where they areWork with them.Build on what they have.But of the best leaders,When the task is accomplished,The work completed.The people all remark:"We have done it ourselves"

Lao Tsu