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Signals that the Earth sends out

Opportunity for and for Ames

Friedemann T. Freund

SETI Institute, Mountain View

and

Department of Physics

San Jose State University

Some Ideas and Suggestions for more than one ROSES call

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Weve made progress in understandingprocesses in the Solid Earth that have relevance to

more than one ROSES program.

Rocks, when subjected to tectonic stresses,turn into a battery.

They produce electric currents in the Earths crust,

millions of amperes strong.

This discovery can lead to proposals for the

following ROSES calls:

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C.4 Planetary Geology and Geophysics

C.12 Mars Fundamental Research

A.15 Earth System Science Research using Data and Products

from the Terra, Aqua, and ACRIMSAT Satellites

A.11 Earth Surface and Interior

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V

A APiston

Piston

FrontElectrode

Capacitive Sensor

Insulation Rock

BackElectrode

Block of Sierra Nevada granite

1.2 m long

10 x 15 cm2

cross sectionair-dry

loaded at one end

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h

e

Electrons

are flowing

out of the

Source

Holes

are flowing

through

the

rock

Source

V

A APiston

Piston

FrontElectrode

Capacitive Sensor

Insulation Rock

BackElectrode

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-300

-200

-100

0

100

200

300

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

0 10 20 30 40 50

Current[pA]

Stress

[MPa]

Time [min]

GabbroTile, loaded in center

6 MPa/min

red: current to edge

blue: current to piston

Load

h

e

A A

Source

volume

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Jan 20, 2001 Jan 21, 2001 Jan 22, 2001

Jan 19, 2001Jan 18, 2001

M=7.6 Gujarat earthquake

Jan. 26, 2001, northern India

MODIS night-time mid-IR data(courtesy of Dimitar Ouzounov, GSFC/SSAI)

Rapid changes of the IR intensity

several days before main shock

outlining the hidden faults

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60 cm

Rock

11.5 cm

Piston

Piston

electrical insulation

30cm

BOMEMSpectrometer

~ 1 m

Rock

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Anorthosite Run #12Pre-loading andloading

spectra

Startlo

ading

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40

60

80

100

120

800850900950

ExcessIntensity[mK]

Wavenumbers [cm-1

]

AnorthositeRun #12Excess IR Emissionduring first 4 minafter start of loadingin

O-Oregion

0-2 minafter

loading

2 11 0 3 2

2-4 min

narrow bands

Anorthosite Run #12Pre-loading andloading

spectra

Difference spectra

Startlo

ading Startloading

O-O combination bands

with lattice modes?

Primary O-O hot bands

plus O-O fundamental?

Secondary Si-O and

Al-O bands?

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293.9

294

294.1

294.2

294.2

294.3

294.4

294.5

50

60

70

80

90

100

8009001000110012001300

Inten

sity

[K]

Differe

nce[mK]

Wavenumber [cm-1

]

Anorthosite

IR Emission

Pre-LoadSpectrum

ExcessEmission

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293.9

294

294.1

294.2

294.2

294.3

294.4

294.5

50

60

70

80

90

100

8009001000110012001300

Intensity

[K]

Differe

nce[mK]

Wavenumber [cm-1

]

Anorthosite

IR Emission

Pre-LoadSpectrum

ExcessEmission

GOES-RIR channels

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Conclusions:

We start to understand the physics

We can design protocols for measuring

(and re-evaluating) many processes

that are linked to or influenced bythe electronic charge carriers activated

deep in the Earths crust.

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FFreund: ERPS Workshop Jan. 15-16, 2004

Capacitive

sensor

Edge

contact

Piston

contacts