French colonies in america
Transcript of French colonies in america
The French in North The French in North AmericaAmerica
Nadya DooleyNadya Dooley
12/9/1012/9/10
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American Colonies 5- Canada American Colonies 5- Canada and Iroquoiaand Iroquoia
In the 16th Century, In the 16th Century, English, French and English, French and Dutch mariners crossed Dutch mariners crossed the Atlantic to plunder the the Atlantic to plunder the Spanish colonial townsSpanish colonial towns
The French discovered The French discovered fish and furs: two fish and furs: two commodities that made commodities that made northern colonization northern colonization possiblepossible
The Indian became The Indian became dependant on European dependant on European metals, cloth and alcohol. metals, cloth and alcohol. This meant that the This meant that the Europeans had to Europeans had to continue trading with continue trading with them because stopping them because stopping would cause warwould cause war
In the late 16th Century, the French took an early lead In the late 16th Century, the French took an early lead in the fur tradein the fur trade
By 1580, the fisheries and the whale and seal hunts By 1580, the fisheries and the whale and seal hunts employed at least 400 vessels and around 12,000 menemployed at least 400 vessels and around 12,000 men
Furs, like gold and silver, could pay easily for its Furs, like gold and silver, could pay easily for its transatlantic transportationtransatlantic transportation
As the Indians believed that all objects posses a As the Indians believed that all objects posses a spiritual power (spiritual power (ManitouManitou), especially bright and shiny ), especially bright and shiny objects, they cherished copper ornamentsobjects, they cherished copper ornaments
Some mariners kidnapped Indians to use them as Some mariners kidnapped Indians to use them as navigators. However, the Indians rarely survived to do navigators. However, the Indians rarely survived to do the task, falling ill from European diseasesthe task, falling ill from European diseases
As the Indians depleted their supply of beaver to hunt As the Indians depleted their supply of beaver to hunt and trade, they moved into neighboring territory to look and trade, they moved into neighboring territory to look for more. This caused life for the Indians to turn into a for more. This caused life for the Indians to turn into a more violent, warfare kind of living, always quarreling more violent, warfare kind of living, always quarreling with the otherswith the others
The fur trade
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American Colonies 5- Canada American Colonies 5- Canada and Iroquoiaand Iroquoia
At the beginning of the 17th At the beginning of the 17th Century, French fur traders Century, French fur traders focused on reclaiming St. focused on reclaiming St. Lawrence ValleyLawrence Valley
It was a poor place for farming, but It was a poor place for farming, but ideal for fur tradeideal for fur trade
The Huron’s population was so The Huron’s population was so large that they overhunted the large that they overhunted the nearby animals. This meant they nearby animals. This meant they couldn’t contribute to the fur tradecouldn’t contribute to the fur trade
In making Indian friends, the In making Indian friends, the Europeans made Indian enemies Europeans made Indian enemies tootoo
The introduction of firearms The introduction of firearms revolutionized Indian warefare. revolutionized Indian warefare. Champlain and his men helped Champlain and his men helped their Indian friends win several their Indian friends win several bloody battles: completely bloody battles: completely surprising the opposing forcesurprising the opposing force
Canada The Five Nations To appease grief from lost battles, restore To appease grief from lost battles, restore
power, and build their status, Iroquois warriors power, and build their status, Iroquois warriors had “mourning wars” in which they captured had “mourning wars” in which they captured prisoners from their enemiesprisoners from their enemies
When someone was taken captive, they would When someone was taken captive, they would be slowly tortured to death. It was a contest be slowly tortured to death. It was a contest between the skill of the tortures and the between the skill of the tortures and the endurance of the victim who would try to endurance of the victim who would try to remain stoic and insult his capturesremain stoic and insult his captures
When killed, he would be chopped up and fed When killed, he would be chopped up and fed to the village. Some would be “adopted” to the village. Some would be “adopted” instead of killed, tortured only a little and then instead of killed, tortured only a little and then cared for and given an Iroquois namecared for and given an Iroquois name
The great league was a ceremonial and The great league was a ceremonial and religious forum for promoting calmness and religious forum for promoting calmness and peacepeace
The Iroquois thought of themselves as The Iroquois thought of themselves as devoted to peace, but others knew them as devoted to peace, but others knew them as very fearsome in warvery fearsome in war
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American Colonies 5- Canada American Colonies 5- Canada and Iroquoiaand Iroquoia
Unfortunately for Unfortunately for the French, the the French, the Dutch could supply Dutch could supply better quality metal better quality metal goods at a lower goods at a lower costcost
The Iroquois The Iroquois continuously continuously attacked the attacked the French, weakening French, weakening them considerablythem considerably
Ironically, the Ironically, the French depended French depended on their hostility as on their hostility as a barrier that kept a barrier that kept the northern the northern Indians from going Indians from going south to trade with south to trade with the Dutchthe Dutch
The Dutch Trade French leaders hoped that by converting the Indians to French leaders hoped that by converting the Indians to
Catholicism, they would make the Indians more dependant Catholicism, they would make the Indians more dependant and dependable as alliesand dependable as allies
17th century Europeans percieved people in terms of social 17th century Europeans percieved people in terms of social rank not skin colorrank not skin color
The French priests were having trouble converting the Indians The French priests were having trouble converting the Indians to Christianity, so they called in 8 Jesuits. The Indians were to Christianity, so they called in 8 Jesuits. The Indians were impressed by their lack of interest in the land, furs, and impressed by their lack of interest in the land, furs, and women that other Europeans covetedwomen that other Europeans coveted
The Natives didn’t believe in Heaven and Hell but that they The Natives didn’t believe in Heaven and Hell but that they would pass on to a dream world when they diedwould pass on to a dream world when they died
The Hurons were attracted to the apparent magical prowess The Hurons were attracted to the apparent magical prowess fo the Jesuits rather then to their abstract Christian messagefo the Jesuits rather then to their abstract Christian message
As the Jesuits gathered a following, they demanded more As the Jesuits gathered a following, they demanded more cultural concessions from their Huron converts. They cultural concessions from their Huron converts. They denounced torture and ritual cannibalism, and the traditional denounced torture and ritual cannibalism, and the traditional games, feasts and dancesgames, feasts and dances
Jesuits
American Colonies 5- Canada American Colonies 5- Canada and Iroquoiaand Iroquoia
In the 1640’s and 1650’s, the Indians In the 1640’s and 1650’s, the Indians attacked and killed each other with ferocity attacked and killed each other with ferocity like never beforelike never before
The Iroquois slaughtered hundreds of The Iroquois slaughtered hundreds of Hurons and took hundreds more captiveHurons and took hundreds more captive
During the assaults, Jesuits would baptize During the assaults, Jesuits would baptize as many Hurons as they could before they as many Hurons as they could before they were burned or hacked to pieceswere burned or hacked to pieces
Trade, alliance and war entangled Trade, alliance and war entangled colonizers and natives in ways that they colonizers and natives in ways that they could not have predicted, could rarely could not have predicted, could rarely control, and might not have chosen had control, and might not have chosen had they had that luxurythey had that luxury
Destruction
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American Colonies 16- American Colonies 16- French AmericaFrench America
Near the end of the 17th century, the French founded a new colony Near the end of the 17th century, the French founded a new colony called Louisianacalled Louisiana
Emigrants The French realized they needed more colonists to The French realized they needed more colonists to
defend Quebec from their English rivalsdefend Quebec from their English rivals The seigneurs brought the first farm families to CanadaThe seigneurs brought the first farm families to Canada In 1660 the English had 58,000 colonists in New In 1660 the English had 58,000 colonists in New
England and the ChesapeakeEngland and the Chesapeake In the 17th century, less the 250 families emigrated and In the 17th century, less the 250 families emigrated and
only %12 were femaleonly %12 were female Most male emigrants arrived in servitudeMost male emigrants arrived in servitude Louis XIV expanded his army from 20,000 men in 1661 Louis XIV expanded his army from 20,000 men in 1661
to 300,000 in 1710to 300,000 in 1710 Canada suffered a reputation of an immoral, cold and Canada suffered a reputation of an immoral, cold and
unprofitable land. Because of their short growing unprofitable land. Because of their short growing seasons, Canadians could not produce the warm-seasons, Canadians could not produce the warm-climate staplesclimate staples
Opportunity Most of the French who Most of the French who
did emigrate to Canada did emigrate to Canada significantly improved significantly improved their status and their status and standard of livingstandard of living
There was no direct tax There was no direct tax on people or land in on people or land in CanadaCanada
Fewer then four percent Fewer then four percent of Canadian women of Canadian women entered a convent. This entered a convent. This was because of the was because of the entry cost and the entry cost and the demanding life of a nundemanding life of a nun
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American Colonies 16- French American Colonies 16- French AmericaAmerica
To govern New France the To govern New France the crown appointed three rival crown appointed three rival officials: A military governor-officials: A military governor-general, a civil administrator general, a civil administrator and a Catholic bishopand a Catholic bishop
Like in New Spain, but in Like in New Spain, but in contrast to the British contrast to the British colonies, the French colonies, the French established no elective established no elective assembly to represent the assembly to represent the colonistscolonists
Rather then acquired Rather then acquired wealth, noble birth and wealth, noble birth and aristocratic honor were the aristocratic honor were the primary criteria of status and primary criteria of status and authority in New Franceauthority in New France
Authority The Upper Country In the early 18th Century, New France consisted of In the early 18th Century, New France consisted of
two vastly different sectors: the narrow, cultivated two vastly different sectors: the narrow, cultivated St. Lawrence Valley and the vast upper countrySt. Lawrence Valley and the vast upper country
Even where outnumbered and converted to Even where outnumbered and converted to Catholicism, the Canadian Indians remained Catholicism, the Canadian Indians remained sovereign peoples rather than French subjectssovereign peoples rather than French subjects
The Indians and the French created “The middle The Indians and the French created “The middle ground” which was shared territory that neither the ground” which was shared territory that neither the French nor the Indians could dominateFrench nor the Indians could dominate
The French traders married native Indian womenThe French traders married native Indian women In the native world there was no agreement without In the native world there was no agreement without
giftsgifts In 1712 war became unavoidableIn 1712 war became unavoidable The middle ground required many presents from the The middle ground required many presents from the
French to keep it stableFrench to keep it stable
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American Colonies 16- French American Colonies 16- French AmericaAmerica
Louisiana was named after King Louis Louisiana was named after King Louis XIV to flatter himXIV to flatter him
The French hoped to dominate the The French hoped to dominate the interior of North America by linking interior of North America by linking Canada to LouisianaCanada to Louisiana
In Louisiana, the French peppered the In Louisiana, the French peppered the Indians with trade goods. They tried to Indians with trade goods. They tried to reconcile the Choctaw and the Chikasawreconcile the Choctaw and the Chikasaw
Lousiana failed to develp a profitable Lousiana failed to develp a profitable export staple. Louisiana also suffered export staple. Louisiana also suffered from abitrary government.from abitrary government.
The Louisiana officials were notoriously The Louisiana officials were notoriously corruptcorrupt
The settlers and soldiers of Louisiana The settlers and soldiers of Louisiana found that a white skin brought them far found that a white skin brought them far less privilege then it did the common less privilege then it did the common people of Carolinapeople of Carolina
Louisiana Rebels and Allies Louisiana was divided into two Louisiana was divided into two
landscapes: a small plantation core landscapes: a small plantation core remade by settlers and an immense remade by settlers and an immense hinterland dominated by Indianshinterland dominated by Indians
The Petites Nations welcomed the The Petites Nations welcomed the French but as soon as the French French but as soon as the French grew in numbers, they abandoned grew in numbers, they abandoned gratitudegratitude
Rendered a weak minority in their Rendered a weak minority in their former homelands, the survivors former homelands, the survivors accepted French domination, accepted French domination, surrendering most of their land to the surrendering most of their land to the colonistscolonists
Louisiana suffered from tension Louisiana suffered from tension between the Europeans, Indians and between the Europeans, Indians and slavesslaves
In the end, the colony cost the French In the end, the colony cost the French more then it gave in revenuemore then it gave in revenue
American Colonies 16- French American Colonies 16- French AmericaAmerica
From the perspective of Paris, French From the perspective of Paris, French America was an economic failureAmerica was an economic failure
The Indians relied on European The Indians relied on European metalware, firearms and gunpowder, metalware, firearms and gunpowder, and if denied it, they would face hunger and if denied it, they would face hunger and destitutionand destitution
The French need native allies to hold The French need native allies to hold he interior and contain the British he interior and contain the British colonies on the Atlantic seaboardcolonies on the Atlantic seaboard
At much expense and with great At much expense and with great frustrations, the French became frustrations, the French became entangle in complex relationships with entangle in complex relationships with the Indian peoplesthe Indian peoples
Dependence
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