FPGA BASED RADAR SIGNAL PROCESSING FOR AUTOMOTIVE

DRIVER ASSISTANCE SYSTEM

Guided by Submitted by Dr.M.R.Baiju Bibin Mohanan

Dept.of ECE S7 ECE Roll no. 21

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OUTLINE Introduction What is Radar? Principle of operation Radar limiting factors Radar signal processing Applications of Radar signal processing Driver Assistance System Design of FPGA based Radar signal processing system. Conclusion References.

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Introduction

Safety and comfort applications are addressed using Driver Assistance systems.

Radar based DA systems are already available for some luxury cars and heavy transport vehicles.

DA systems can handle several tasks such as collision avoidance, lane change assistance, parking assistance etc.

DA multi-sensor systems require complex algorithms and advanced digital hardwares.

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What is Radar? The term Radar was coined in 1941.Radar: Radio detection and ranging.It is an electromagnetic sensor for the detection and location

of reflecting objects.Radar can measure range, angular direction, trajectory and

angular velocity of targets. Radar might be small enough to hold in the palm of one

hand or large enough to occupy the space of many football fields.

Radar targets might be aircrafts , ships, missiles, land features, underground features, spacecrafts, planets etc.

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Principle of operation

A radio transmitter emits an electromagnetic pulse and waits for the echo.

A common waveform radiated by a radar is a series of relatively narrow, rectangular like pulses.

The echo signal (reflected signal) is received and processed by the receiver part.

Each reflection scales the amplitude of the wave down by a factor.

Echoes from targets consist of scaled and shifted (or delayed) versions of the originally transmitted pulse.

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Radar block diagram

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Radar Limiting factors Beam path and range : Radar beam follows a curved

path in the atmosphere due to the variations of the refractive index of the air.

Noise: Internal & external sources of noise. Interference : Unwanted signals affect the operation.

Natural& Manmade. Jamming: radio frequency signals originating from

sources outside the radar, transmitting in the radar's frequency and thereby masking targets of interest.

Clutter: radio frequency (RF) echoes returned from targets which are uninteresting to the radar operators.

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Radar Signal processingDSP techniques are used to extract informations about the

target. Radar signal processor separates the desired signal from

unwanted signals. At the transmitter end, it generates and shapes the

transmission pulses, controls the antenna beam pattern. At the receiver, DSP performs many complex tasks, including

STAP (space time adaptive processing) - the removal of clutter, and beam forming .

Radar signal processing techniques: Moving target indication, Pulse Doppler, Moving target detection, Constant false alarm rate etc.

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Tasks of Radar signal processor

Decision making. Combining information. Forming tracks. Ground clutter mapping. Resolving ambiguities in range measurements. Countering interference. Distance measurement. Speed measurement.Frequency modulation.

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Applications of Radar signal processing

Military Navigation Weather forecasting Driver assistance systems Remote Sensing Mapping

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Driver assistance systems

Night vision. Adaptive Cruise Control. Collision warning. Collision avoidance. Driver impairment monitoring. Cooperative infrastructure. Automated Driving.

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Radar based Driver Assistance Systems

This can handle complex features such as collision avoidance, prediction of dangerous situation, lane change assistance, parking assistance etc.

Consist of the use of Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) modulation.

A flexible FPGA based architecture is used for the implementation of the underlined digital signal processing.

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Design stepsA. DA Radar Tasks

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B. System requirements

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C. Waveform and underlined Algorithm

Algorithm is based on FMCW modulation. This permits the measuring of range and radial velocity using beat frequency.

FMCW Triangular Waveform

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Implementation

Address

Data

FFT Processor

Pipelineprocessing DPRAM

RAMMicroblazeInterrupt controller

PulseGenerator

StateMachineCounter

ROM ROM ROM ROM

MUX Sys-clk

Control

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Timing Diagram

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ConclusionThere’s a lot going on! …. A diverse array of activity for all

vehicle types.Look for increasingly intelligent vehicles to move most

rapidly into commercial vehicle markets -- where the intelligence enhances the bottom line.

Look for consumers to become increasingly comfortable with driver aids and demand more relief from the tedium of driving ….and look for the technology to deliver.

Discussed prototype is flexible and enables rapid integration of new eventual features.

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References Jean Saad , Amer Baghdadi, Frantz Bodereau, “FPGA based

Radar signal processing for Automotive Driver Assistance System”, IEEE/IFIP International Symposium on Rapid System Prototyping,vol.40,no.2, pp.196-199, November 2009.

Stove, A.G., “Linear FMCW radar techniques”, IEEE transactions on Radar and Signal Processing ,vol.139, no.5, pp.343-350, Oct 2007.

Basten, M. J., “Low Cost Implementation of an ACC Automotive Radar”, Institution of Engineering and Technology Seminar on MM-Wave Products and Technologies, vol.49, no.6, pp.1-6, Sept 2006.

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THANK YOU

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QUESTIONS ?

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