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![Page 1: Foundation Body of Knowledge for Cultural Resource Management Module #1 - DAY 1 Introduction to Historic Preservation History and Philosophy.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062303/551a12a5550346cb358b463e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Foundation Body of Knowledge for Cultural Resource Management Module #1 - DAY 1
Introduction to Historic Preservation History and
Philosophy
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WHY PRESERVE ?
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Mount Vernon Ladies Association, c. 1873
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Touro Synagogue, Newport, Rhode Island, 1765 (restored 1827-8)
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Independence Hall, (the Old State House), Philadelphia, PA 1732-56 (reconstruction/restoration efforts began in 1828, other efforts through 1976)
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Yellowstone National Park, established in 1872
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Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition of 1876
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Chickamauga and ChattanoogaNational Military Park, established 1890
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Casa Grande Ruins National Monument, 1892
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World’s Columbian Exposition of 1893
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Established the first federal policy for the protection of cultural resources on land owned or controlled by the federal government.
Authorized the President the power to create National Monuments by proclamation to protect historic, prehistoric, and scientific objects on federally owned land.
Antiquities Act of 1906
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Society for the Preservation of New England Antiquities established, 1910
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Congress creates the National Park Service, and prescribes fundamental purpose: “to conserve the scenery, and natural and historic objects and wild life therein and to provide for the enjoyment of the same . . . as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.”
National Park Service Organic Act of 1916
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Governor’s Palace (reconstructed) at Colonial Williamsburg, a museum village, 1926 -7
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Henry Ford’s Greenfield Village, dedicated in 1929
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George Washington Birthplace National Monument, established 1930
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Charleston Historic District, South Carolina, initiated in 1931
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The Vieux Carre, the historic French Quarter in New Orleans received a landmark designation in 1936
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Historic American Building Survey (HABS) was created in 1934
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U. S. Congress first articulated a national policy of historic preservation.
Act created administrative infrastructure for historic preservation.
Directed the Secretary of the Interior to secure, collate and preserve drawings, plans, photographs, and data of historic and archeological sites, buildings, and objects; restore buildings; erect markers; and develop educational programs.
Historic Sites Act of 1935
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The National Trust for Historic Preservation was founded, 1949
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With Heritage So Rich published, 1966
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The preservation movement’s success hinges on the idea of going beyond saving “occasional historic houses and opening museums…It must attempt to give a sense of orientation to our society, using structures and objects of the past to establish values of time and place”
- Conclusions to the Findings, With Heritage So Rich, 1966
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National Historic Preservation Act of 1966
Congress broadened the federal government’s concept of historic preservation to include sites, objects, districts and structures of national, state, and local significance.
“The historical and cultural foundations of the nation should be preserved as a living part of our community life and development in order to give a sense of orientation to the American people.”
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National Environmental Policy Act of 1969
In relationship to historic preservation, it established the environmental impact statement and the fact that there is a continuing federal responsibility to “preserve important historical, cultural, and natural aspects of our national heritage.”
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Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Treatment of Historic
Properties
• PRESERVATION
• REHABILITATION
• RESTORATION
• RECONSTRUCTION
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Tax Incentives for Rehabilitation
• Tax Reform Act, 1976 established tax incentives for rehabilitation of commercial and income-producing historic properties certified by the Secretary of the Interior.
• Revenue Act, 1978 established investment tax credits for rehabilitation of historic building.
• Economic Recovery Tax Act, 1981 established 25% tax credits for rehabilitation of historic buildings.
• Tax Reform Act, 1986, cut back some of the incentives.
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The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic
Building
A 2-story commercial building, c. 1876 with inappropriate alterations made in the 1960s (left) was successfully rehabilitated
using the Secretary of Interior Standards to it present use as a multi-shop complex with a unified façade (right)
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The Main Street Program of the National Trust for Historic Preservation was established in 1980 as a preservation as a tool for economic revitalization
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Quincy Market, 1825, “re-developed” by Rouse Development Corporation in 1970s, the catalyst for the proliferation of the festival marketplace and boom in heritage tourism
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The 25 -year old PBS Series, This Old House and companion newsstand magazine represent the individual homeowners growing interest in preservation
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BEGINNINGS IN PRESERVATION MOVEMENT (18th and 19th
Centuries)
• England (John Ruskin)• France (Viollet-Le-Duc)• Sweden (Skansen)
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National Parks by Region that Dovetail into Our Timeline
Alaska Region:
Sitka National Historical Park
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National Parks by Region that Dovetail into Our Timeline
Pacific West Region:
Yosemite National Park
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National Parks by Region that Dovetail into Our Timeline
Intermountain Region:
Devils Tower National Monument
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National Parks by Region that Dovetail into Our Timeline
Midwest Region:
Harry S. Truman National Historic Site
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National Parks by Region that Dovetail into Our Timeline
Southeast Region:
Andersonville National Historic Site
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National Parks by Region that Dovetail into Our Timeline
National Capital Region:
Manassas National Historical Park
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National Parks by Region that Dovetail into Our Timeline
Northeast Region:
Frederic Law Olmsted National Historic Site
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EXERCISE #1CHARACTERIZE HISTORIC
PRESERVATION
MOVEMENT: PRE-WWII AND POST-WWII
Turn to Page 27 in Your Course Participant Guide for Instructions.
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DEFINING HISTORIC PRESERVATION
FINDING A COMMON LANGUAGE
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EXERCISE #2DEFINING KEY TERMS
Turn to Page 29 in Your Course Participant Guide for Instructions.
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• What is a cultural resource ?
• What is preservation ?
• What is rehabilitation ?
• What is restoration ?
• What is reconstruction ?
• What is adaptive use ?
• What is conservation/consolidation ?
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Valley Forge National Historical Park, Valley Forge, PA
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City Hall, Philadelphia PA
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Fairmount Water Works Interpretive Center, Philadelphia PA
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Independence Hall, Philadelphia, PA
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Jacob Graff House, Philadelphia, PA
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Lascaux II, Montignac France
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Loews Hotel, formerly PSFS Building, Philadelphia, PA
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Drayton Hall, a property of the National Trust for Historic Preservation in Charleston, SC
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END OF DAY 1…The Midway