Forum Reichenau 2012 Towards a Common European Security and Defence Culture

Forum Reichenau 2012

Towards a

Common

European

Security and

Defence Culture

HANS-BERNHARD WEISSERTH

Head of the ESDC

1948 - Brussels Treaty - WEU 1949 - Washington Treaty - NATO 1950 - European Defence Community 1954 - … rejected by FR National Assembly 1954 - modified Brussels Treaty (GE / IT) 1970 - European Policy Co-ordination the 80‘s - more discussions on European security

1990 - Maastricht Treaty (long-term objective: Common European Defence)

1992 - Petersberg / Revitalisation of WEU 1996 - NATO Berlin / Brussels - ESDI 1997 - Amsterdam Treaty

(High Representative/Policy Unit / Petersberg Missions)

1998 - FR / UK Summit in St. Malo 1999 – CFSP/CSDP development under the EU / J. Solana takes

office 2003 - Nice Treaty / enhanced role of PSC / integrating the

WEU’s crisis management tasks into the EU 2004 - European Defence Agency 2009 - (December) Lisbon Treaty /provisions made include:

Permanent President of the European Council HR of the Union for the CFSP supported by the EEAS (“EU Foreign

Minister”) Wider CSDP Mission Spectrum Mutual Assistance Clause Permanent Structured Co-operation Solidarity Clause (relates to the prevention of terrorist threats)

Cold War

WEU

EUAmsterdam

TreatyImplementation

EULisbon Treaty

Implementation

1948 - Brussels Treaty - WEU 1949 - Washington Treaty - NATO 1950 - European Defence Community 1954 - … rejected by FR National Assembly 1954 - modified Brussels Treaty (GE / IT) 1970 - European Policy Co-ordination the 80‘s - ‘EUROGROUPS’ in NATO 1990 - Maastricht Treaty (long-term objective: Common European Defence) 1992 - Petersberg / Revitalisation of WEU 1996 - NATO Berlin / Brussels - ESDI 1997 - Amsterdam Treaty (High Representative / Petersberg Missions)

1998 - FR / UK Summit in St. Malo 1999 – CFSP/CSDP development under the EU / J. Solana takes office 2003 - Nice Treaty / enhanced role of PSC / integrating the WEU’s crisis

management tasks into the EU 2004 - European Security Strategy

2009 - (December) Lisbon Treaty /provisions made include: Permanent President of the European Council HR of the Union for the CFSP supported by the EEAS (“EU Foreign Minister”) Wider CSDP Mission Spectrum Mutual Assistance Clause Permanent Structured Co-operation Solidarity Clause (relates to the prevention of terrorist threats)

Cold War

Towards a Common European Security and Defence Culture

Example of an European Career










Cold War

WEU

EUAmsterdam


EULisbon Treaty

Implementation



management tasks into the EU 2004 - European Defence Agency


Cold War

1973/76 start of military career / study at the Bundeswehr University

1976/84 platoon leader / company commander armoured infantry

1984/86 General Staff Course Führungsakademie Hamburg

1986/88 G3 OP 10th Tank Division (southern Germany)

1988/90 General Staff Course NL War College in The Hague

1990/92 G3 Infantry / German Army Office (long-term development)

1993/96 WEU Planning Staff

1996/98 Assistant German Military Representative to NATO/WEU/EU

1998/99 MoD Bonn/Berlin – Desk Officer - European Operational Issues

1999/2009 – Policy Unit of the HR SOLANA – ESDP Task Force

2003 – part of HR working group for the elaboration of the ESS

2005 responsible for CSDP training / development and running of ESDC

2009 member of the EEAS / CMPD and Head of the ESDC











Cold War

WEU

EUAmsterdam


EULisbon Treaty

Implementation

1948 - Brussels Treaty - WEU 1949 - Washington Treaty - NATO 1950 - European Defence Community 1954 - … rejected by FR National Assembly 1954 - modified Brussels Treaty (GE / IT) 1970 - European Policy Co-ordination the 80‘s - ‘EUROGROUPS’ in NATO

Cold War










Cold War

WEU

EUAmsterdam


EULisbon Treaty

Implementation


Cold War











Cold War

WEU

EUAmsterdam


EULisbon Treaty

Implementation




Cold War


European CouncilEuropean Council

policy-making body

supporting/advisory body

Structures in the field of CFSP/CSDP Structures in the field of CFSP/CSDP -- Illustration Illustration

General Affairs/ Foreign Relations Council General Affairs/ Foreign Relations Council (including Defence Ministers)(including Defence Ministers)

Committee of Permanent Representatives (COREPER)Committee of Permanent Representatives (COREPER)

Political and Security Committee Political and Security Committee (PSC)(PSC)

High Representative High Representative for the Common Foreign and for the Common Foreign and

Security Policy/ CFSPSecurity Policy/ CFSP

Relevant servicesof the

Council Secretariat

CI VCOM

Committee forCivilian

Aspects ofCrisis

Management

PMG

Politico-MilitaryGroup

EUMC

EU MilitaryCommittee

EUMCWG(WorkingGroup)










Cold War

WEU

EUAmsterdam


EULisbon Treaty

Implementation





Cold War


European CouncilEuropean Council

policy-making body

supporting/advisory body

Structures in the field of CFSP/CSDP Structures in the field of CFSP/CSDP -- Illustration Illustration

Foreign Affairs Council Foreign Affairs Council (including (including DefenceDefence Ministers)Ministers)

Committee of Permanent Representatives (COREPER)Committee of Permanent Representatives (COREPER)

Political and Security Committee Political and Security Committee (PSC)(PSC)

High Representative of the Union for High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security PolicyForeign Affairs and Security Policy

and Viceand Vice--President of the EuropeanPresident of the EuropeanCommission (HR/ VP)Commission (HR/ VP)

EuropeanExternal

Action Service(EEAS)

includes i.a.:CMPD, CPCCEUMS and

SITCEN

Relevant servicesin the

Commission

Relevant servicesof the Council

Secretariat

CI VCOM

Committee forCivilian

Aspects ofCrisis

Management

PMG

Politico-MilitaryGroup

EUMC

EU MilitaryCommittee

EUMCWG(WorkingGroup)

Chair

European External Action Service (EEAS)

Lisbon Treaty Changes to Internal Structures in the field of CFSP/CSDP Lisbon Treaty Changes to Internal Structures in the field of CFSP/CSDP

High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the and Security Policy and Vice-President of the

European Commission (HR/VP) (Ashton)European Commission (HR/VP) (Ashton)Secretary General /High Representative for the Secretary General /High Representative for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (Solana)Common Foreign and Security Policy (Solana)

European Commission European Commission Commissioner for Commissioner for External Relations External Relations (Ferrero-Waldner)(Ferrero-Waldner)

DG RELEX

Country / Regional

Thematic

Crisis Room

Commission Delegations

DG E

Country / Regional

Thematic

Crisis Managementand Planning

Directorate (CMPD)

Policy Unit

Country / Regional

Thematic

Situation Centre

EUMS

Civilian Planning

and ConductCapability

(CPCC)

Ops Centre

….

Thematic desks covering inter alia human

rights, gender, non-Proliferation issues,

Relations with UN etc

AdministrationThe Unions delegations

CMPD - Crisis Management and

Planning Directorate

CPCC - Civilian Planning and

Conduct Capability

EUMS – EU Military Staff

SITCEN / CRISIS ROOM

Geographical deskscovering all countries in

the world

Hans-Bernhard Weisserth, ESDC

European External Action Service - EEAS- illustration of the structure -

High Representative / Vice President

Asia and the Pacific

Africa Europe and Central Asia

North Africa, Middle East, Arabian Peninsula, Iran and Iraq

Americas Global and Multilateral Issues

Chair of Political and Security Committee

(PSC)

Managing Director Crisis Response

Intelligence Analysis Centre

Crisis ManagementStructuresAdministration / Security /

Communications

Executive Secretary General

Chief Operating Officer

Deputy Secretary General

Deputy Secretary General

Senior Management

Geographical and thematic teams

Strategic Communication

Crisis Management and Planning Directorate - CMPD - Illustration of the Structure as at March 2012 -

DIRECTOR

COORDINATION

EUROPEAN SECURITYAND DEFENCE

COLLEGE (ESDC)

CSDP POLICY,PARTNERSHIPS

AND AGREEMENTSDIVISION

CAPABILITIES, CONCEPTS,TRAINING AND

EXERCISES DIVISION

INTEGRATEDSTRATEGICPLANNING

DIVISION

SENIOR MILITARYADVISOR

Civilian Planning and Conduct Capability - CPCC - illustration of the structure as at March 2012 -

CIVILIAN OPERATION COMMANDER

CHIEF OF STAFF /DEPUTY COMMANDER

PLANNING /METHODOLOGY

SECTION

COORDINATION, RESOURCES,MISSIONS SECURITY

CONDUCT OF OPERATIONSDIVISION

MISSION SUPPORTDIVISION

EUROPEAFRICA /

NEAR EAST

ASIA /MIDDLE

EAST

HUMANRESOURCES

PROCUREMENTFINANCE &LOGISITICS

SECRETARIAT /SUPPORT

ESDC - Objectives

enhance the European security culture within the CSDP

to promote a better understanding of CSDP as part of the CFSP among civilian and military personnel

to provide EU instances and Member States with knowledgeable people familiar with EU policies, institutions and procedures and able to work efficiently on all CSDP matters

help to promote professional relations and contacts among training participants

Current characteristics of a European security culture

• Petersberg Tasks

• protection of human rights and the promotion of law

• humanitarian agenda (most missions)

• civil-military co-operation

• comprehensive approach (Diplomacy, Development, Defence/Security)

CSDP High-Level Seminar High-Ranking Staff and Decision-Makers

CSDP High-Level Course

Senior Staff Level

ESDC Training Concept

ESDP Orientation Courses / Common CSDP Modules

General (mid rank) Working Level

ESDP Courses for Specialised Staff and Experts

Specialist and Expert Level

OC for National Audiences

OC open to International Audiences

OC-type course with focus on thematic, regional or horizontal issues

Courses for i.a. PPI Staff, LEGAD, POLAD,

SSR and others

Alumni Seminars

Training material and IDL system support for all training levels, organised and co-ordinated

through the ESDC

IDL Support

Join

t Civ

il an

d m

ilita

ry p

artic

ipat

ion

Training Audiences ESDC Training Activities

Current ESDC Training Activities

Basic training activities • CSDP High Level Course (annual course with 4 modules) • CSDP Orientation Course (4-5 courses per year/~ one week)

Specialised training activities • CSDP Course for PPI staff (1 to 2 courses per year/2 days)• CSDP and Africa (3 days)• CSDP High Level Seminar (2 days)• Common CSDP Module (one week/ “European Initiative inspired by Erasmus”)• CSDP Train-the-trainer Seminar (2 days)• EU Basic Course on Security Sector Reform (3 days) • EU Core Course on Security Sector Reform (10 days)• CSDP Mission Planning Procedures Course (3 days / two courses per year) • Course on EU Capability Development (3 days) • CMCO – Civil Military Co-ordination in CSDP Missions and Operations (10 days)• International Law for EU Military Legal Advisor (annual course with 3 modules)• Peace Building Course (Pilot Project September 2010)• Course on Non-Proliferation for senior officials• Civilian Crisis Management Course • Advanced Course for Senior Political Advisors working in the wider context of CSDP• Training of Trainers for EU SSR in Support of Training for the EU SSR Pool of Experts• Comprehensive Approach to Gender in Missions and Operations

New Projects• CSDP Senior Mission Leader Course (2 weeks)• European Armaments Co-operation Training (Awareness Course and Experts Course)

Other ESDC activities• Annual Networking Conference on Training in the field of CSDP• Alumni Events (former course participants)

Courses providing an

overview on the CSDP

in a wider CFSP context

Regional focus

Press, Public Information

Security Sector Reform

Mission Planning

Capability Development

Civ-Mil Co-ordination

LEGADPOLAD

Civilian Crisis Management

Peace Building

Non-proliferation

Gender and Human Rights

Leadership training

European Armaments

Co-operation

Executive Academic Boardlist of training actors involved in ESDC activities (spring 2012)

Royal Higher Defence Institute Brussels Post Conflict Ops Study Centre Torino PT National Delegation in Brussels

Egmont Institute Int. Relations Brussels CASD Rome National Defence Institute Lisbon

Royal Military Academy Brussels Ministry of Defence Nicosia National Defence University Bucharest

Diplomatic Institute Sofia Ministry of Foreign Affairs Riga National Defence College Bucharest

National Defence Academy Sofia Ministry of Foreign Affairs Vilnius Ministry of Defence Ljubljana

University of Defence Brno LUX National Delegation in Brussels Command and Staff School Begunje G.

Federal College Security Studies Berlin National Defence University Budapest SK Armed Forces Academy

Centre Internat. Peace Operations Berlin National Defence College Breda National Defence College Helsinki

Baltic Defence College Tartu Netherlands Defence Academy The Hague Crisis Management Centre Helsinki

Ministry of Foreign Affairs Tallinn National Defence Academy Vienna National Defence College Stockholm

Hellenic Defence College ASPR Stadt Schlaining Folke Bernadotte Academy Sandö

Diplomatic Academy Athens Ministry of Defence Vienna National Defence Academy Shrivenham

Ministry of Foreign Affairs Athens AIES Vienna Foreign Commonwealth Office London

CESEDEN Madrid Austrian National Delegation Brussels EU Institute for Security Studies Paris

IHEDN Paris National Defence University Warsaw European Police College Bramshill/UK

FR National Delegation in Brussels Polish Institute for Int. Affairs Warsaw College of Home Affairs Bucharest

Irish National Delegation in Brussels Academy of National Defence Warsaw Geneva Centre for Security Policy/GCSP

Civilian institutes/actors Defence institutes/actors

overall guidance and co-ordination representatives of the Member States convenes in Brussels

Steering Committee

implements training ensures quality and coherence of training representatives of the network institutes

Executive Academic Board (EAB)

runs the network assists the Steering Committee and the EAB supports conduct of training activities supports conceptual work

Permanent Secretariat (currently within EEAS/CMPD)

Three-tier Structure established for the functioning of the ESDC

as a network college

ESDC Network InstitutesAnd ESDC Secretariat

Co-operation between the Executive Academic Board and the EU Crisis Management Structures

EAB Yearly Basic Evaluation

(autumn)

EAB Curricula Reviewand Revision

(early spring)EAB Programming next Academic Year(before summer break)

Conduct of Training And Evaluation

(permanent)EU Crisis ManagementStructures

New policies and conceptsLessons learnt from missions

and operations

overall guidance and co-ordination representatives of the Member States convenes in Brussels

Steering Committee



runs the network assists the Steering Committee and the EAB supports conduct of training activities supports conceptual work

Permanent Secretariat (currently within EEAS/CMPD)

Project-orientated configurations of

the Board

Implementation Group« Erasmus Militaire »

Security Sector Report(EU Pool of SSR Experts)

Internet-Based DistanceLearning (IDL) System

Three-tier Structure established for the functioning of the ESDC

as a network college

EAB / Implementation Group “Erasmus Militaire”

In order to support the European Initiative for the Exchange of Young Officers inspired by Erasmus, the Implementation Group (IG) has been established as

a specific configuration of the Executive Academic Board



Project-orientated configurations of

the BoardImplementation Group« Erasmus Militaire »

Security Sector Report(EU Pool of SSR Experts)

Internet-Based DistanceLearning (IDL) System

Measures at European and national level to enhance the exchanges during the basic training of young European officers, i.a.

information on exchange opportunities, stocktaking report, compendium and newsletter – future: development of an IT platform

common modules on CSDP and international issues

recognition of training done at institutes of other Member States

ESDC Secretariat - working relations

runs the network assists the Steering Committee and the EABSupports conceptual work supports Brussels-based training activities

Permanent Secretariat (closely linked up with EEAS/CMPD)

Head

Hans-Bernhard Weisserth (EEAS/CMPD)

Secretary

From EEAS

Training Managers

Seconded National Police Expert

Seconded National Military Expert

Seconded National Civilian Expert

IDL Course and Content Manager

Seconded National Expert

National Network Institutes

Points of contactChairpersons EABCourse DirectorsFaculty members

Other support

Relevant EU Institutions and AgenciesEEAS/CMPD (including offices) Other Services within the EEAS

Services within the EP and CommissionEU Institute for Security Studies in Paris

European Defence AgencyEU Satellite Centre

… closely linked with and / or can rely on …..

External TrainingActors

GCSP GenevaDCAF Geneva

NDC Romeinternat. organisationsthird states institutes

Current Obstacles

• still existing national strategic cultures and national defence strategies of soon more than 27 Member States

• conflicting interests (e.g. Lybia case) • often lack of political will• lack of confidence• decision making at 27 • still diverging view as regards further

defence integration and a future European Common Defence (TEU)

What to do?

• stronger commitment to invest in capabilities (civilian and military)

• political will to assume more responsibility in the field of security

• more and closer co-operation and integration in defence field

• with different speed

Forum Reichenau 2012

Towards a

Common

European

Security and

Defence Culture

HANS-BERNHARD WEISSERTH

Head of the ESDC

Cold War

NATO Strategy

to defend Europe

Collective Defence

Forum Reichenau 2012 Towards a Common European Security and Defence Culture

Documents

Transcript of Forum Reichenau 2012 Towards a Common European Security and Defence Culture