UK Spectrum Policy Forum – Dr Anil Shukla, QinetiQ - Introduction to the Defence use of spectrum

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QinetiQ Proprietary QINETIQ/14/00446

Defence Sector Briefing to TechUK’s Spectrum Policy Forum’s Market Cluster meeting 30th September 2014 Dr Anil Shukla – QinetiQ Fellow “Intelligently using the radio spectrum” Environment

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QinetiQ

• QinetiQ was created (2001) from the partition of Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA) into two separate organisations

• We provide research, technical advice, technology solutions and services to customers in core markets of defence and security with principal customers

− UK Ministry of Defence (MOD)

− UK National Security Agencies

− US Department of Defense (DoD)

− Australian Department of Defence

• We are increasingly transferring our expertise and capabilities into adjacent markets such as energy and environment



Disclaimer

• This presentation is for information purposes only should not be used to represent any formal views of QinetiQ

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Defence Manufacturers Spectrum Forum – Key review themes

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• Industries that deliver spectrum dependent system to defence

• Presentation reviewed at the Sept. Forum meeting

• Forum was keen to highlight :

− It interacts with Ofcom, MOD’s Joint Spectrum Authority, CEPT, ETSI etc

− Commercial systems are often used to provide a defence capability - not only use defence spectrum

− The EM environment is becoming more challenging as all bands are used

− Platforms costs are high (e.g. Joint Strike Fighter ~£58M each; £1bn a year to British industry)

− Significant employer of high technology skill base

− Spectrum changes may result in high consequential costs due to re-certification

− Need to do T&D in the UK to support export

Name Company

Robert Dalgleish Chemrig - Roke

Jerry Frost Rockwell Collins

Brian Gardner Ultra

Maria Kelly Selex UK

Parmi Matharu Rockwell Collins

Jade Mccready BAES - Warton

John Milnthorpe Selex

Alistair Munro AIRBUS Defence and

Space

Adrian Payne Cobham

Steve Plume MBDA Systems

David Prior QinetiQ

Neil Rothwell-

Hughes General Dynamics

Andy Stove Thales

Mark Turner Exelis Defence Ltd

Colin Wilson Exelis



Structure

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Scope of the sector

What does the Defence sector do

• “We protect the security, independence and interests of our country at home and abroad. We work with our allies and partners whenever possible. Our aim is to ensure that the armed forces have the training, equipment and support necessary for their work, and that we keep within budget”

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https://www.gov.uk/government/organisations/ministry-of-defence



Scope of the sector - military tasks

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Seven Military Tasks

• defending the UK and its Overseas Territories

• providing strategic intelligence

• providing nuclear deterrence

• supporting civil emergency organisations in times of crisis

• defending our interests by projecting power strategically and through expeditionary interventions

• providing a defence contribution to UK influence

• providing security for stabilisation.



Scope of the sector- land, sea, air and space (spectrum and cyber)

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Scope of the sector – all radio systems

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Achieved using (C4ISTAR) platforms

• Command,

• Control, Communications,

• Computers,

• Information/Intelligence,

• Surveillance,

• Targeting,

• Acquisition and

• Reconnaissance

• Spectrum is a Battlespace environnent

• superiority must be gained



Scope of sector - typical applications

• Submarine communications (LF)

• BLOS communications (HF)

• Tactical Voice Communications (VHF)

• Tactical Data Communications (VHF/UHF)

• Air Ground Air Voice and Data Communications (UHF)

• Personal Management Radios (UHF)

• Tactical Data Links (Ground to Air) (UHF)

• Air Navigation Aids (UHF)

• Geolocation systems (across the band) (UHF)

• Air Surveillance and Control Systems

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• Tactical Surveillance Radar

• Maritime Air Defence Radar

• Weapon Guidance Radar (mm-wave)

• Maritime Navigation Aids (LF – VHF)

• Satellite Communications (>UHF)

• Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (Telemetry and Data Links) (mm-wave)

• Electronic Warfare – systems

• ….

• Testing and training

• ..

From kHz to GHz Many applications to provide a capability



Contribution to social and economic value

What people, services and devices are included:

• Front line personnel~ 156,000 (2013)

• The (2012/13) defence budget stands at around £34.3 billion

• Well over 100,000 people work in this industry (in high value, high tech jobs), with a turnover of more than £22 billion a year and a further 145,000 in the supply chain.

• The Ministry of Defence's (MOD's) Defence Equipment and Support (DE&S) organisation has a annual budget of £14 billion

• UK is also the largest exporter of defence equipment and services in the world after the United States with over £8 billion of sales last year.

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Current and recent past status

Significant changes

• Network enabled capabilities

• Longer reach operations

• Increased mobility

• Decline in the Cold war and new concepts of operations

• Reducing staff numbers

• Intelligence based operations

Health of the market

• Reducing budgets

• Defence will always be needed

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The future character of conflict

• Our enemies will continue to attack our physical and electronic lines of communication. And the growth of communications technology will increase our enemies’ ability to influence, not only all those on the battlefield, but also our own society directly. We must therefore win the battle for information, as well as the battle on the ground.

• This environment will place a premium on particular military capabilities, including intelligence, surveillance, target acquisition and reconnaissance (ISTAR). It will demand sophisticated and resilient communications and protected mobility by land, sea and air. It will also mean that our people must continue to be our winning edge. We will need highly capable and motivated personnel with specialist skills, including cultural understanding; strategic communications to influence and persuade; and the agility, training and education to operate effectively in an increasingly complex environment.

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Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The Strategic Defence and Security Review, October 2010



Sector trends

Future growth prospects, UK and export market

• Interoperability (NEC) and working with diverse coalition partners,

• Increasing need for accurate intelligence data

• Use of unattended platforms

• Pace of operations

• Low probability of interception / Jamming

• Being efficient in design for cost savings and operational benefits

Future contraction prospects,

• Political dependencies

• Reducing numbers

Changes to the delivery model

• Use of commercial systems

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Use of technologies and spectrum

Current status (UK)

• In the UK, MOD has management rights to ~35% of the UK FAT spectrum, a significant part it is shared in the UK

• All spectrum bands are used VLF to mm-wave (including civil)

• Used for UK based military operations, UK air defence, maintenance of the nuclear deterrent, counter-terrorist operations, training and training support functions, (e.g. range radars) etc.

• Research and development

Must haves

• Robust, Secure, Covert, Flexible, Agile systems

Open to change

• Action / share spectrum,

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Significant part is shared in the UK (1)



Expected changes to technology and spectrum

Near term 5 years technologies :

• Agile systems

• Reconfigurable systems

• Increased spectrum utilisation to meet the demands of :

− Reduction in permanent staff and increase in training for TA

− New unattended platforms

− Land Environment tactical communications system

− Potential demand for additional bandwidth to support

• Intelligence gathering

• Communications between soldiers

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Longer term (10-20 years) needs and options

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Long term

• In the future, warfighters will operate in a dynamic, multi-layered, multi-dimensional, battlespace

• Our future forces, although smaller than now, will retain their geographical reach and their ability to operate across the spectrum from high-intensity intervention to enduring stabilisation activity.

• precision weaponry, and where the battlespace increasingly involves unmanned and cyber operations

• New unattended platforms

• Land Environment tactical communications system

• Networked Intelligence

• Increase use of the radio spectrum as a battle space environment.



Spectrum Research Roadmap

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Siloes of deployment

Architecture 1

Statically informed

Architecture 2

Dynamically informed

Architecture 3

Richly informed

Architecture 4

Dynamically self managed

Architecture 5

Spectrum

optimised

missions

Capability

Maturity

Capability Increments

Near-term Mid-term Long-term



US - DISA – Spectrum transformation

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A realistic roadmap for DSM for military tactical radios (Scheers et al., 2012)

0 • Current stove pipe approach

1 • A Dedicated Band for CR Systems

2 • Opportunistic Military Use of Limited Civilian Bands

3 • Coexistence of CR with Military Legacy Systems in Military Bands

N-1 • Flexible Use of Military Bands and Wide Scale Opportunistic Use of Civil Bands

N • Optimum and agile access to spectrum to meet users needs

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A realistic roadmap for the introduction of dynamic spectrum management in military tactical radio communication Scheers, B. ; Mahoney, A. ; Akermark, H. Military Communications and Information Systems Conference (MCC), 2012



(My) Predicted future needs

• (Increased spectrum use)

• Dynamic and reliable access to spectrum

• Spectrum for UK training

• Spectrum “sandpit” – geographic, time, bands

• Catalogue of spectrum emissions (fingerprints)

• Licenced shared access, unlicensed spectrum

• Technologies

• Spectrum data

• Antennas

• Efficient waveforms

• Sharing protocols

• Higher frequencies

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Sources

• FORWARD LOOK, A Strategy for Management of major Public Sector Spectrum Holdings, MARCH 2007

• UK Defence Spectrum Management A Consultation on: An Implementation Plan for Reform, 30 May 08. (Fig 4.)

• Ministry of Defence Final Report Defence Demand for Spectrum: 2008 – 2027, PA Consulting, Nov. 2008

• Securing Britain in an Age of Uncertainty: The Strategic Defence and Security Review, October 2010

• Securing Prosperity A strategic vision for the UK Defence Sector. Sept 2013

• Defense Spectrum Organization Initiatives Current Initiatives to Facilitate Federal Spectrum Sharing, Howard McDonald Chief, Defense Spectrum Organization Session II: 25 July 2012 http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/media/36307/2.1_McDonald_ISART%202012_Session%20II-DSO.pd

• A realistic roadmap for the introduction of dynamic spectrum management in military tactical radio communication Scheers, B. ; Mahoney, A. ; Akermark, H. Military Communications and Information Systems Conference (MCC), 2012

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-26124894

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UK Spectrum Policy Forum – Dr Anil Shukla, QinetiQ - Introduction to the Defence use of spectrum

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Transcript of UK Spectrum Policy Forum – Dr Anil Shukla, QinetiQ - Introduction to the Defence use of spectrum