Food Safety & Quality Assurance
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Transcript of Food Safety & Quality Assurance
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2013
Food Safety & Quality Assurance
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All 4-H / FFA members who exhibit the following species need to be FSQA Certified
• Beef• Dairy Cattle• Goats (Dairy & Meat)• Poultry (Chicken, Turkey, Duck, Geese, etc)• Rabbits• Sheep• Swine
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Recertify AnnuallyJunior members, grades 4 – 6, need to come
every year.Intermediates, grades 7 – 9Seniors, grades 10 - 12Intermediate and Senior members can attend an
annual training or take the test-out option
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• Intermediates and Seniors may test out of attending yearly FSQA sessions.
• To do so – they must take a 20 (Int.) or 30 (Sr.) question exam and receive a 70% passing score.
• At one setting, they may take a different exam 3 times if necessary to pass.
• Check with your county extension office for the testing dates / times and for any specific requirements for testing out.
Testing Out of FSQA
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ResourcesIowa 4-H Food Safety & Quality
Assurance Member Manual & Website http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/projects/livestock/FSQ
A.htmYouth PQA Plus Website http://www.pork.org/Certification/21/youthPqaPlus.aspx Iowa Beef Quality Assurance Website http://www.iabeef.org/Content/bqa.aspx 4-H Livestock Projects Website http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/projects/livestock/
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Survey of Americans:• 9 out of 10
• In favor of additional food safety measures• COOL implementation
• 64% believe imported foods are often or sometimes unsafe
• 58% worry about bacterial contamination of the food supply
Pew-commissioned poll – Hart Research and Public Opinion
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Who is responsible for safe food?• Producers• Handlers• Processors• Food Suppliers • Consumers
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Who Cares About FSQA?• 17 million pounds of meat produced
by Iowa 4-H’ers each year• Reputation of the 4-H program• 4-H’ers need to be responsible to the
consumer and the food industry. • Industry requirements must be met
and maintained.• Many 4-H’ers are further away from
traditional food animal production.
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• Understand and follow the seven Good Production Practices (GPP’s)
• Produce safe food products for consumers
4-Her’s Responsibility
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Iowa 4-H Food Safety and Quality Assurance Program
Good Production Practices
Healthy Animals
Safe Food
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Partners in Safe Food
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Regulatory PartnersFood and Drug Administration (FDA)
regulates medicated animal feeds and most animal health products
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)sets tolerance levels for pesticides used in
food production
Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS)inspects all livestock at federally inspected
packing plants and examines plant sanitation
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• A system used in meat packing plants to prevent food safety problems
• Regulated by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)
HAACP
Hazard Analysis and
CriticalControl
Points
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Hazards can be identified as:
Microbial contamination• Bacteria, virus, protozoa
Chemical Hazards• Antimicrobial and chemical tissue residues
Physical Hazards• Broken needles or metal
HAACP
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HACCPIdentify the risks
Identify potential hazards (risks)
Identify critical control points Plan the prevention
Set a critical limit Monitor the process Plan corrective action
Monitor the progress Keep accurate records Review the process regularly
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1. Keep accurate records2. Veterinary relationship & drug
usage3. Healthy production practices4. Proper care and handling5. Feed and Feed Additives6. Biosecurity and Animal Welfare7. Exhibit strong character traits
(ethics)
Good Production Practices
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• GPP 5 – Feed & Feed Additives
• GPP 6 – Biosecurity and Animal Welfare
• GPP 7 – Ethics
Good Production Practices in Depth
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Feed & Feed Additives
GPP #5
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Goal: Most economical conversion of nutrients
into lean (muscle) tissue growth or milk production while maintaining animal well-being and increasing the quality of the animal as well as protecting the surrounding environment
Feeding Program
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Monogastric (Simple Stomach)Consumes diets high in energy & low
in fiber – ex: cereal grains (corn, barley, oats, wheat) and high protein sources such as soybean meal, fish meal, etc.
Ruminant (Four compartments to the Stomach)Consumes diets low in energy and
high in fiber – ex: Forages such as pasture, hay, corn and alfalfa silage, etc.
Digestive Systems
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Handout - “Digestive Tract of Farm
Animals”
Example Activity
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Monogastric Monogastric Monogastric Ruminants
Swine Poultry Rabbit & Horse Beef & Dairy Cattle, Sheep and Goats
Mouth Mouth Mouth Mouth
Esophagus Esophagus Esophagus Esophagus
Crop
Stomach Stomach Stomach RumenReticulumOmasumAbomasum
Small Intestine Small Intestine Small Intestine Small Intestine
Cecum Ceca Cecum (enlarged) Cecum
Colon Colon
Large Intestine Large Intestine Large Intestine Large Intestine
Anus Cloaca Anus Anus
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Ruminant Digestion: assisted by microbes in four-chambered stomach
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Chicken Beak
EsophagusCrop (2”)
Small Intestine (55”)Proventriculus
Gizzard (2”)Pancreas
Ceca (7”)
Large Intestine (4”)Cloaca
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Pig_________________________________________
Large Intestine (16’, 2 gal)
Cecum (10”, 0.5 gal)
Small intestine (60’, 2.5 gal)
Stomach(2 gal)
EsophagusMouth
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Capacity of Digestive TractsHuman Pig Horse Sheep Cattle
Body Weight, lbs. 165 400 1000 175 1275Rumen, ReticulumOmasumAbomasum Total stomach. Qt.
……11
……99
……99
1812
21
1332116
170
Small intestineCecumLarge intestine Total GI – QuartsTotal GI - Gallons
4…16
1.5
101
10307.5
2915439624
613
317.75
691127
27769
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• Energy (Carbohydrates & Essential Fatty Acids)Corn, Barley, Wheat, Cereal by-products, Fat
• Protein & Amino AcidsSoybean Meal, Fish Meal, Grains, etc.
• MineralsLimestone, Dicalcium Phosphorus, Iron, Zinc, etc.
• VitaminsVitamin A, D, E Riboflavin, Niacin, Pantothenic Acid
• Water
Balanced Diet
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• Read and retain feed labels• Understand the nutrient needs of the animal• Provide a balanced ration• Ensure feed quality and safety• Follow Good Manufacturing Practices
Adequate and Safe Feeds
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• A type of poison produced by mold• Found in corn due to very wet weather
during the harvest season• Animals (mainly pigs) will not eat
the feed• Low performance/weight gain• May want to test a feed sample to see if
mycotoxins are present
Feed Mycotoxins
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Feed labels must contain…• Brand and/or product name• Intended species and production phase• Medicated• Guaranteed Analysis• Ingredients• Feeding Directions or Mixing Directions• Warning or Caution• Manufacturer’s name and address• Net Weight
Feed Labels
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Handout – “Feed Tag Information”
Example Activity
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• The most important nutrient that you can give to your animal
• Water constitutes ~ 60 -70 % of an animal’s live weight
• An animal can live ~ 45 – 60 days without food but only ~ 3 – 7 days without water
Livestock Water Requirements
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• Water quality and quantity will affect feed consumption and animal health
• Therefore, if you want maximum gain or production from your animals water quality and quantity must be considered.
• Think about the Derby contests; Milk production; Animal growth for the fair
• Are you monitoring your water supply? Has it been tested?
Relationship between Water and Feed
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• Antibacterial agents• Medications used to improve health and
performance
• FDA approved
• Antibiotics
Feed Additives
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• Growth modulatorsCompound that alters nutrient use in animalRactopamine hydrochloride (Elanco Animal
Health) sends energy into muscle growth instead of fat
o PAYLEAN - Swineo OPTAFLEXX- Cattle
• ProbioticsLiving bacteria or yeast to enhance digestive
tractLactobacillus, Saccharomyces, Bacillus
Feed Additives
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Handout – “Producing Safe Foods Includes No Residue in Show Animals”
Example Activity
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Handout – “Paylean and Optaflex Labels”http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/page/fsqa-food-safety-quality-
assurance
Example Activity
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Certain Feed Additives for Certain Animals
• Paylean and Optaflexx NOT approved for sheep• Be certain that what you are feeding is
approved for your animal• Talk to your vet
Reminder
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Feed Processing
• Grinding• Pelleting• Flaking• Extruding• Roasting
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Feed Processing• Grinding
– Increases surface area to improve digestion
– Corn, barley, wheat, hay
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• PelletingFinely ground material, steamed and extrudedReduces waste and dust in feedReduces animal sortingMore costlyIncreases feed efficiency – less feed per lb. of
gain
Feed Processing
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Feed Processing• Extruding
Usually done to individual ingredients of ration
Dog food Ground material forced through a die under
pressure
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• RoastingSoybeans contain anti-nutritional factor that
must be heated to inactivate it before feeding to swine
Feed Processing
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• Identify feed• Keep storage area clean• Number or label bins• Inspect steel bins for leaks, mold• Control rodents• Clean up spills• Do not store near chemicals
Feed Handling & Storage
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• Limit feedingFeed animals once per dayOr feed twice per day
• Self feedingFeed remains in bunk / feeders at all time for
animal consumption
Feeding Livestock
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• Provide enough feeder space• Keep equipment in good repair• Avoid spills to control rodents• Adjust feeders to reduce waste• Monitor feeders daily to be sure feed is
available• Adjust feeding amount daily so leftovers don’t
spoil
Feeding Livestock
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• Watch for sorting…indicates quality problems• Plenty of water• Clean waters frequently• Clean feed system after using medicated
feeds• Clean and disinfect feed and water equipment
between groups
Feeding Livestock
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• Buildings and grounds Clean, neat and pest free
• Equipment Accurate, well maintained, cleanable
• Work space and storage areas Separated to prevent contamination
• Product quality assurance Cleanout procedures to prevent contamination & carryover
• Labeling Label all medications, retain labels, store separately
• Recordkeeping Include delivery date, method, carrier, record medications,
retain for at least one year after feed is used, store samples for 6 months
Good Manufacturing Practices
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Keep all feed labels for one year
1997—FDA banned feeding restricted mammalian proteins from rendered animals to ruminant animals (meat, bone meal)
This is the documentation 4-H’ers sign before selling their animals.
Adequate and Safe Feed
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GPP #6
Biosecurity & Animal Welfare
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• Vectors • Direct contact • Excretions
Manure UrineNasal fluidsAerosol fluids
First line of defense….SEGREGATIONKeep Sick Animals Away From Healthy Animals
How do diseases spread?
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Potential Contact of a Disease Spread after a Simulated Terrorist Attack at 5 Locations
Day 123456789101112131415161718192021222330
Day 5 Disease First Detected Potential Impact:
Even if a national “Stop Movement” of all susceptible animals is ordered on Day 8, by the time the disease is eradicated the nation would lose 23.6 million animals!
States Infected: 5121519232730333537383940
NOTE: This is a simulation of how a disease could spread through contacted animals.
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• PCVAD (circovirus)• Mange / lice• Worms (roundworm)• Dysentery• Pseudorabies• Foot and Mouth• Brucellosis• Anthrax
What are some examples of animal diseases and parasites ?
• Clostridial • Leptospirosis• Coliform diseases
(E Coli)
• Salmonella• Club Lamb Fungus• Newcastle disease• West Nile Fever
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• External - Reduce disease spread risk from outside the farm
1. Unit location and maintenance2. Transportation Controls3. Isolation, acclimatization, and retesting4. Visitor entry policies5. Limit traffic of people and vehicles6. Boot cleaning and disinfecting
Maintain Biosecurity
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• Diseases spread by wind, machines• Control rodents, wildlife, birds
Clean up around buildingsMowingKeep doors closedFix cracks and screen holesClean up spilled feedBait
1. Unit Location
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• Clean and disinfect trailers• Give drivers disposable boots• Do not allow animals to get back off the truck• Keep feed trucks out of animal areas• Limit visitors• Farm boots vs. town boots
2. Transportation Controls
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• Keep all new animals away from other animals (30 days)If entering animals are coming down with a
disease, they will show symptoms soonIf the originating farm develops a disease after
the animals leave, they could be exposedIsolate after livestock shows
3. Isolation
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• Identify production areas with signs• Some facilities require signing a book• Generally 24 – 72 hours from livestock to
enter another livestock facility• 7-days required if visitor from a foreign
country• Give disposable boots• Wash hands before and after entry • May require shower in – shower out
4. Visitor Entry Policies
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Internal - Reduce disease spread within the herd
• Cleaning and DisinfectingRemove manureDisinfect pens between groups
• Develop a biosecurity plan
Maintain Biosecurity
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Vaccination vs. immunizationHerd examination with veterinarianUtilize diagnostic testsRoutine post-mortemsHarvest checksReview records regularly
Maintain Biosecurity
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Activity Guide p.93 - “Black Light Demo of Disease Spread”
Handout- “Bio-Security and Fairs – What You Need to Know”
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4hfiles/agriculture/lhgenbiosecurity.pdf
Example Activities
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Facility Cleanliness & Animal ProtectionImportant at home AND at the show
Possible rules on exhibitionsLimiting contact of people and animalsLimiting # of days animals can be at a fairEncourage fairgoers to wash hands
Education of the public and animal rights groups
Biosecurity and H3N2 Influenza
Hot Topic
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• Animal Welfare – is a human responsibility that encompasses all aspects of animal well-being, including proper housing, management, disease prevention and treatment, responsible care, humane handling, and when necessary, humane euthanasia.
• Animal Rights – is a philosophical view that animals have rights similar or the same as humans. True animal rights proponents believe that humans do
not have the right to use animals at all. Animal rights proponents wish to ban all use of animals
by humans.
Animal Welfare vs. Animal Rightsdefined by
American Veterinary Medical Association
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• National Pork Board – Youth PQA Plus• Animal Welfare Institute (AWI)• American Society for the Prevention of
Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA)• Animal Protection Institute (API)• “Numerous other groups”
Animal Welfare - Groups
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• People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA)
• Humane Society of the United States (HSUS)• Animal Liberation Front (ALF)• Farm Sanctuary• Farm Animal Reform Movement (FARM)• “Numerous other groups”
Animal Rights - Groups
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• Health of Animal – Valid Veterinarian-Client- Patient Relationship (VCPR)
• Proper pen space• Receiving adequate water and feed• Temperature and housing environment• Proper nutrition• Proper animal handling• Proper and timely animal euthanasia• NO WILLFUL ACTS OF ABUSE TO
ANIMALS !
The 4-H’er & Animal Welfare
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GPP #7
Exhibit Good Ethics
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• Ethics is the demonstration of good character traits. (Caring, Respect, Trustworthiness, Fairness, Responsibility, Citizenship)
• Knowing and doing the right thing.
Ethics
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Character Traits• Caring - showing concern for others• Respect - treating others the way you want to
be treated• Trustworthiness - don’t lie, cheat, be dishonest• Fairness - play by the rules, listening• Responsibility - be accountable for your
actions• Citizenship - helping others and obeying rules
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Handout – “Iowa Youth Code of Ethics – Sample copy”
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4hfiles/agriculture/lhethicscode.pdf
Activity
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• Refer to the Iowa Code of Ethics Handout
• Do you know what is in the Iowa Code of Ethics that you have signed?• Not only deals with how you treat your animal• But, also how you act and present yourself
• What previously discussed items done in an unethical manner could affect food safety to the consumer ?
Ethics
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• When Tommy was 8 years old, his father registered a lamb born December 24 as being born on January 2. His father said to Tommy, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
• When Tommy was 9 years old, his father bred the family’s flock of purebred ewes with a ram of another breed and registered the lambs as purebreds. His father said to Tommy, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
• When Tommy was 10 years old, his 4-H leader and county agent tagged and weighed newly purchased lambs a month after the ownership deadline. They both told him, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
• When Tommy was 11 years old, his parents bought him a registered ewe to show at the county fair and changed the ear tag to their own flock tag. His parents said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
• When Tommy was 12 years old, his grandparents bought him a show lamb and left it with the breeder who fed and fit the lamb until the day before the county fair. The breeder and his grandparents said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
• When Tommy was 13 years old, his veterinarian issued health papers for sheep he never inspected and that had foot rot and lamb fungus. He said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
• When Tommy was 14 years old, his neighbor used and electric animal prod on his lambs to get them to brace. He told Tommy, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
• When Tommy was 15 years old and after winning the Grand Champion Market Lamb at the county fair, he saw his dad having a beer with the judge and paying the judge $200 for making his son’s lamb champion. The judge and his father said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
Let’s Teach By Example…. (Larry Mrozinski)
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• When Tommy was 16 years old, his FFA advisory falsified the numbers on Tommy’s winning sheep proficiency award entry. His advisor said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
• When Tommy was 17 years old, his uncle used Lasix on his market lamb at the state fair to make it weigh into a lighter class. The uncle told Tommy, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
• When Tommy was 18 years old, his older brother pumped the loin of his lamb at a national sheep show. His brother said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
• When Tommy was 19 years old, his entire family was aware of the clenbuterol being given to his market lambs. They told him, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
• When Tommy was 20 years old, a friend offered him some cocaine. His friend said, “It’s O.K. kid, everybody does it.”
• When Tommy was arrested later that night for using cocaine and called his family to ask them to bail him out of jail, they told him, “How could you have brought such disgrace to your family, you never learned any of this at home, where did you go wrong?” After hearing of his arrest, Tommy’s 4-H leader, FFA advisor, county agent, grandparents, uncle, veterinarian, and neighbors were also shocked.
• If there is one thing the adult world can’t stand, it’s a kid that breaks the rules….
• Sometimes the best way to correct a child, is to correct the example that is being set
Let’s Teach By Example….
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Scenario/Activity#1
Steer
How our actions affect everyone
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Scenario• Your steer just isn’t walking right at the
State Fair; he seems tight off his back legs• You think he could do really well in the
show, so you and your Dad decide to give him some Banamine to loosen him up
• You know Banamine isn’t really legal but you’ve heard others have used it and it works really good
• No one will even know; there are 300 steers here and you’re just taking him home anyway if he doesn’t win
How our actions affect everyone
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Result• Your steer got 5th in his class so you’re just
going to send him on the truck to the packer (Tyson)
• The packer does some drug testing on the animals from the fair and finds Banamine present in an animal
• Tyson notifies the fair of the result and states they will no longer buy 4-H animals since they cannot let the meat enter the grocery store
How our actions affect everyone
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Now What??• Since you have violated the Code of Ethics by
giving an unauthorized drug to your animal, you have been banned from showing for 2 years, your friends can’t sell their animals, and you’ve endangered the food supply
• Tyson’s export markets to Japan have been shut down due to the positive test and cattle prices fall since we now have more meat than we can sell
• You may be one in a million, but a million can be affected by one
How our actions affect everyone
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Scenario/Activity#2
Rabbit
How our actions affect everyone
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Scenario• You’re exhibiting your rabbit at the county fair and
you see a tremendous one that your friend brought and wins Grand Champion with
• Your friend is not going to the State Fair so you ask if you can “borrow” it to exhibit since rabbits don’t have to be ID’ed or anything really
• Your friend agrees reluctantly, but decides to let you show it at the State Fair
• The rabbit wins Grand Champion at the State Fair as well and you’re ecstatic!!
How our actions affect everyone
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Result• You joke to another 4-H’er that this isn’t
really even your rabbit, but your friend’s that you’re borrowing
• Show officials hear of the incident and now will have a new rule next year that all rabbits be tattooed and maybe ear tagged by May 15th
• With all the hassle now to enter the State Fair, show numbers dwindle and the rabbit show is cancelled
• Think before you act, and DO THE RIGHT THING!
How our actions affect everyone
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1. Keep accurate records2. Establish a Veterinary Client Patient
Relationship3. Follow healthy production practices4. Provide proper care and handling5. Provide adequate and safe feed6. Maintain biosecurity and good animal
welfare7. Exhibit strong character traits (ethics)
REVIEW Good Production Practices
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Thanks for Attending!!
Questions