Food Safety & Quality Assurance
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Transcript of Food Safety & Quality Assurance
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20122012
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All 4-H / FFA members who exhibit the All 4-H / FFA members who exhibit the following species need to be FSQA following species need to be FSQA CertifiedCertified
• Beef• Dairy Cattle• Goats (Dairy & Meat)• Poultry (Chicken, Turkey, Duck, Geese, etc)• Rabbits• Sheep• Swine
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Junior members, grades 4 – 6, need to come every year.
Intermediates, grades 7 – 9Seniors, grades 10 - 12Intermediate and Senior members can attend an
annual training or take the test-out option
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• Intermediates and Seniors may test out of attending yearly FSQA sessions.
• To do so – they must take a 20 (Int.) or 30 (Sr.) question exam and receive a 70% passing score.
• At one setting, they may take a different exam 3 times if necessary to pass.
• Check with your county extension office for the testing dates / times and for any specific requirements for testing out.
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Iowa 4-H Food Safety & Quality Assurance Member Manual & Website
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/projects/livestock/FSQA.htm
Youth PQA Plus Website http://www.pork.org/Certification/21/youthPqaPlus.aspx
Iowa Beef Quality Assurance Website http://www.iabeef.org/Content/bqa.aspx
4-H Livestock Projects Website http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4h/projects/livestock/
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Survey of Americans:Survey of Americans:• 9 out of 10
• In favor of additional food safety measures• COOL implementation
• 64% believe imported foods are often or sometimes unsafe
• 58% worry about bacterial contamination of the food supply
Pew-commissioned poll – Hart Research and Public Opinion
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Who is responsible for safe food?Who is responsible for safe food?• Producers• Handlers• Processors• Food Suppliers • Consumers
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Who Cares About FSQA?Who Cares About FSQA?• 17 million pounds of meat produced 17 million pounds of meat produced
by Iowa 4-H’ers each yearby Iowa 4-H’ers each year• Reputation of the 4-H programReputation of the 4-H program• 4-H’ers need to be responsible to the 4-H’ers need to be responsible to the
consumer and the food industry. consumer and the food industry. • Industry requirements must be met Industry requirements must be met
and maintained.and maintained.• Many 4-H’ers are further away from Many 4-H’ers are further away from
traditional food animal production.traditional food animal production.
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• Understand and follow the seven Good Production Practices (GPP’s)
• Produce safe food products for consumers
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Good Production Practices
Healthy Animals
Safe Food
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Food and Drug Administration (FDA)regulates medicated animal feeds and most
animal health products
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)sets tolerance levels for pesticides used in
food production
Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS)inspects all livestock at federally inspected
packing plants and examines plant sanitation
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• A system used in meat packing plants to prevent food safety problems
• Regulated by the USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS)
Hazard Analysis and
CriticalControl
Points
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Hazards can be identified as:
Microbial contamination• Bacteria, virus, protozoa
Chemical Hazards• Antimicrobial and chemical tissue residues
Physical Hazards• Broken needles or metal
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Identify the risks Identify potential hazards
(risks) Identify critical control points
Plan the prevention Set a critical limit Monitor the process Plan corrective action
Monitor the progress Keep accurate records Review the process regularly
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Understand and follow the seven Good Production Practices
Produce safe food products for consumers
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1. Keep accurate records2. Veterinary relationship & drug
usage3. Healthy production practices4. Proper care and handling5. Feed and Feed Additives6. Biosecurity and Animal Welfare7. Exhibit strong character traits
(ethics)
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GPP 3 – Healthy Production PracticesGPP 4 – Proper Care and HandlingGPP 7 – Ethics
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• Properly story, label and account for all drugs and medications
• Properly administer the medications
• Educate all family members to assist with giving medications
• Use drug testing when appropriate
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Label of a MedicationName of DrugQuantity of ContentsName of DistributorActive IngredientDosageCautions and WarningsWithdrawal TimeStorageLot numberExpiration date
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Worksheet – “Reading Medication Labels” based on the drug label of “SuperCill”
Refer to “FSQA Activity Guide” starting on page 34
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Routes of administration
Injection
OralWaterFeedMouth directly
Topical
Properly Administer Medications
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Routes of injection
Intramuscular (IM)
Subcutaneous (SQ)
Intraperitoneal (IP)
Intravenous (IV)
Intranasal (IN)
Intramammary
Properly Administer Medications
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Intramuscular (IM): means to inject into the muscleCauses damage to muscle tissue
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Subcutanueous (SQ): means to inject under the loose skin areaPreferred because it causes least
damage
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Intraperitoneal: inject into the abdominal cavityTypically done by Vets
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Intravenous (IV): inject directly into the vein or bloodstreamFastest actingDone by Vets
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Intranasel: inject into the nasal passages
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Intramammary: means to inject into the teat canal (dairy cattle)
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Select needle size by –Length of needleBore of needle (inside diameter)
Species to be injectedSize of animal
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Intramuscular (IM) Injection Gauge Length
Baby Pigs 18 or 20 5/8" or 1/2"Nursery 16 or 18 3/4" or 5/8"Finisher 16 1"
Breeding Stock 14, 15, or 16 1 or 1 1/2“(Hogs and Cattle)
Calves, <300 lbs 18 1" to 1 1/2"Calves, 300-700 lbs 16 – 18 1" to 1 1/2"Calves, >700 lbs 16 1" to 1 1/2“
Rabbit 22 -25 ½” to ¾”
Sheep and Goats 16 or 18 ¾ “ to 1”
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Subcutaneous Injection Gauge Length
Nursery 16 or 18 1/2"Finisher 16 3/4“
Breeding Stock 14 or 16 1“(Hogs and Cattle)
Calves, <300 lbs 18 - 20 1/2" to 3/4"Calves, 300-700 lbs 16 – 18 1/2" to 3/4"Calves, >700 lbs 16 - 18 1/2" to 3/4“
Sheep and Goats 16 – 18 ½” to ¾”
Rabbit 22 -25 ½” or less
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Use proper size (see chart)Needles should not be defective.
Can damage muscle tissueCan break off in the muscleCan cause infections
Inspect needles for dirtInspect for dullnessInspect for bendingDo not straighten bent needlesProperly restraining animals decreases chances of
problemsDispose of needles properly
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Stop injections Attempt to remove the needle Temporarily identify the animal - How ? Permanently identify the animal – How ? If selling the animal to market, tell the buyer for
separation from market group for special processing.
REMEMBER –ONE BROKEN NEEDLE IS TOO MANY !
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Worksheet Exercise, p. 39 of FSQA Activity Guide
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Oral: By mouth, by feed or water
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Topical: Sprayed, poured or rubbed on the skin. Used with treatment for external parasites or injuries.
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Educate all family members to assist
You are responsible for your animals!
All Are On The Same Page
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Provide clean facilities Provide a balanced ration Provide plenty of clean fresh water daily Provide health care, including
immunizations and treatments when necessary
Work with a veterinarian to develop a health care plan and monitoring process
Handle animals to reduce stress, and ensure safety
Observe animals daily and treat if needed
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What if your animals are Too Cold? More bedding Heaters More animals Prevent drafts Shelter
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What if your animals are Too Hot? Shade Fans or ventilation Sprinkle water Remove hair or shear
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Animals lose heat in 4 ways… Evaporative Conductive Radiant Convective
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The most important nutrient that you can give to your animal
Water constitutes ~ 60 -70 % of an animal’s live weight
An animal can live ~ 45 – 60 days without food but only ~ 3 – 7 days without water
High moisture feeds can supply some of the water requirement
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Aid in temperature regulation of the animal
Transport nutrients, hormones, and other chemicals within the body
Lubricates jointsAids in eliminating waste products of
digestion and metabolismHelps regulate blood pressureComponent of salvia and milk
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Air Temperature and Humidity
Feed IngredientsWater QualityAnimal’s HealthWater AvailabilityType of WatererTemperature of Water
Reproduction and Lactation
Kind and size of the animalLevel of activityAmount of salt activates
the thirst mechanism
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Provide ad lib or hand water generouslyFresh and cleanWater temperature in the range of 40 to 70
degrees if possibleRemember - Animals can’t drink ICE !
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See Handout Sheet: FSQA Activity Guide p. 56-57
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Species DeterminedKnow the size (animal dimensions) and
growth pattern of your animalThe larger the animal the more square
footage of space is needed
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See Handout Sheet: FSQA Activity Guide p. 50-54
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Permanent or Portable StructuresCan be complex to simple structures (Ex:
Confinement vs. Hoop building for pigs)Provide the correct environmental
temperatureDraft FreeWelfare friendly
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Cattle – Beef and Dairy 40 – 60 degrees F
Swine Baby pigs < 2 wks = 90 – 95 degrees F Piglets (3 – 8 wks = 75 – 85 degrees F Mature swine = 50 – 70 degrees F
Sheep Lambs < 2 wks = 80 -90 degrees F Mature sheep = 40 – 65 degrees F
Rabbits 40 – 60 degrees F
Poultry Baby Chicks < 1 wks = 90 – 100 degrees F / reduce 5
degrees per week of age. Broilers and Laying Hens = 60 – 80 degrees F
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See Handout Sheet: FSQA Activity Guide p. 60, 61
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Species DeterminedHand Feeding
More space is needed1 X or 2 X per dayMore labor
Self FeedersLess space neededFeeder Adjustment to
reduce feed wastage
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22 – 26 inches per steerBeef Steer 500/1200 lb Fed once per day
9 – 12 inches per lambLambs 30 /110 lb Hand Fed
2 inches per birdChickens - Broilers
24 inches or 2 feet per sow
Sows – Hand Fed
4 – 5 pigs per holeFinishing Pigs –75/250 lb
Feeder Space NeededAnimal Description
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Natural instincts Fight Flight People and animals have comfort
zones
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Flight zone is the animal’s “personal space”
Movement into an animal’s flight zone causes it to move away from you
Size of flight zone depends on how tame or wild the animal is
With frequent handling, the flight zone decreases in size; meaning, you have to get closer to the animal for it to move
The point where the animal begins to move away is the edge of the flight zone
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The Flight Zone
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Animal Stress is caused by… Heat and cold Health challenges Excitement or movement
Animal Stress causes…. Reduced feed intake and gain Increased health problems Affects quality of meat produced
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What are stresses animals experience when they are PURCHASED?
Movement Changes in feed Health challenges Changes in environment
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What are stresses animals experience when they are EXHIBITED at fair?
Movement Changes in feed/water intake Strange animals Strange environment Heat
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What are stresses animals experience when they are MARKETED?
Shipment Strange animals (fighting) Remove feed and water Stressful handling
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Dark Cutters
Caused by a chemical reaction in the muscle brought on by stress
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(Dark, firm, dry) Caused by stress over longer periods of time before slaughter
(Pale, soft, exudative) genetics, improper handling before slaughtering, and poor carcass chilling
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See Handout Sheet: FSQA Activity Guide p. 50-54
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$48 million loss per year in pork industry
$94 million loss per year in beef industry
Sheep bruising comes from grabbing fleece to restrain animals
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Intact males of any species pose the greatest danger
Exercise caution around female animals with newborns
Livestock have poor depth perception when in motion.
Pigs, cattle, and sheep will naturally move to a more brightly illuminated area
Cattle can kick to the side and to the rear.No electric shockers. Pigs are very sensitive
to electric shock and can cause them to tremble and go down
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Monitor Temperature and HumidityGive adequate spaceUse bedding in winter Avoid wind chill of animals in winterWet sand or sawdust in summerKeep cool in summerProvide proper footing for animalsDrive smoothly
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People are watching how you treat your animal at shows
Proper handling reduces stress on your animal and you
By reducing stress, you get better quality meat
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See Handout Sheet: FSQA Activity Guide p. 46-49
See Handout Sheet: FSQA Activity Guide p. 55
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• Ethics is the demonstration of good character traits. (Caring, Respect, Trustworthiness, Fairness, Responsibility, Citizenship)
• Knowing and doing the right thing.
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• Caring - showing concern for others
• Respect - treating others the way you want to be treated
• Trustworthiness - don’t lie, cheat, be dishonest
• Fairness - play by the rules, listening
• Responsibility - be accountable for your actions
• Citizenship - helping others and obeying rules
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• Not only deals with how you treat your animal• But also how you act and present yourself
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Scenario/Activity#1
Steer
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Scenario• Your steer just isn’t walking right at the State
Fair; he seems tight off his back legs• You think he could do really well in the show,
so you and your Dad decide to give him some Banamine to loosen him up
• You know Banamine isn’t really legal but you’ve heard others have used it and it works really good
• No one will even know; there are 300 steers here and you’re just taking him home anyway if he doesn’t win
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ResultResult• Your steer got 5th in his class so you’re just
going to send him on the truck to the packer (Tyson)
• The packer does some drug testing on the animals from the fair and finds Banamine present in an animal; YOUR animal
• Tyson notifies the fair of the result and states they will no longer buy 4-H animals since they cannot let the meat enter the grocery store
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Now What??Now What??• Since you have violated the Code of Ethics by
giving an unauthorized drug to your animal, you have been banned from showing for 2 years, your friends can’t sell their animals, and you’ve endangered the food supply
• Tyson’s export markets to Japan have been shut down due to the positive test and cattle prices fall since we now have more meat than we can sell
• You may be one in a million, but a million can be affected by one
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Scenario/Activity#2
Rabbit
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Scenario• You’re exhibiting your rabbit at the county fair
and you see a tremendous one that your friend brought and wins Grand Champion with
• Your friend is not going to the State Fair so you ask if you can “borrow” it to exhibit since rabbits don’t have to be ID’ed or anything really
• Your friend agrees reluctantly, but decides to let you show it at the State Fair
• The rabbit wins Grand Champion at the State Fair as well and you’re ecstatic!!
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Result• You joke to another 4-H’er that this isn’t really
even your rabbit, but your friend’s that you’re borrowing
• Show officials hear of the incident and now will have a new rule next year that all rabbits be tattooed and maybe ear tagged by May 15th
• With all the hassle now to enter the State Fair, show numbers dwindle and the rabbit show is cancelled
• Think before you act, and DO THE RIGHT THING!
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The Maze Craze– p. 96It’s All on Your Head- p. 98Who Can You Trust– p. 101Sportsmanship = Honor without Arrogance – p.
103Ethics Discussion Situations – p. 106Tommy’s Story – p. 112Code of Ethics Review -
http://www.extension.iastate.edu/4H/Agriculture/documents/lhethicscode.pdf
FSQA Activity GuideFSQA Activity Guide
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Thanks for Attending!!