Fold Mountains - K Elliott Geography Mountains 2016-2017.pdf · Young Fold Mountains •As we know...
Transcript of Fold Mountains - K Elliott Geography Mountains 2016-2017.pdf · Young Fold Mountains •As we know...
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Fold Mountains
Mountains formed when two
Plates Collide.
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Fold Mountains
• Fold mountains are mountains that are
made when two of the earth’s plates
collide.
• When two plates collide the pressure
compresses the rocks, forcing them to
buckle and fold. Think of what happens to
the bonnet of a car during a crash.
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Fold Mountains
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Fold Mountains
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Evidence of Folding
• Scientists have found fossils of dead sea creatures thousands of metres up in the Andes in South America.
• These creatures lived in the sea, and their remains sank to the ocean floor when they died.
• Their remains were trapped in newly forming rocks which are later pushed up from under the sea when plates collide to make fold mountains.
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Ridge and Valley Landscape
• When the two plates collide the crust buckles and folds. This creates a pattern of ridges and valleys.
• The downward part (the valley) is called a syncline.
• The upward part (the ridge) is called an anticline.
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Young Fold Mountains
• As we know from previous sections, the earth’s plates are constantly colliding in different parts of the world. These collisions are still increasing the height of some fold mountains today.
• The world’s young fold mountains are already about 30-35 million years old.
• These mountains are called Alpine Fold Mountains. They are very high because they have not been worn down by weathering and erosion.
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Alpine Fold Mountains
• There are 4 major mountain ranges
formed during the Alpine Folding period.
These are,
• 1. The Rockies in North America.
• 2. The Andes in South America.
• 3. The Alps in Europe.
• 4. The Himalayas in Asia.
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Alpine Fold Mountains
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Where are Fold Mountains Made?
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Fold Mountains
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Which two plates collided to form the Rockies?
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Rockies in
N. America
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Rockies
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Which 2 plates collided to form the Andes?
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Andes – S.
America
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Andes
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Alpine Fold Mountains
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Which two plates collided to form the Alps?
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Alpine Fold Mountains
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Alpine Fold Mountains
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Which 2 plates collided to make the Himalayas?
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The Himalayas
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The Himalayas
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Himalayas
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Mt.
Everest
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The Himalayas
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Armorican Fold Mountains
• Ireland’s fold mountains were formed hundreds of millions of years ago.
• They were formed in Munster about 250 million years ago, and were once as high as the Alps.
• However, weathering and erosion have worn them down over millions of years and they are now much smaller.
• Examples include the Magillicuddy’s Reeks, The Galtees, The Comeraghs, and The Knockmealdowns.
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Armorican Fold Mountains
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Caledonian Mountain Building Period
About 400 million years
ago, the Eurasian and
American Plates pushed
together.
The rocks that were
between these two
plates were pushed
up into mountains
In Ireland these mountains
existed from Galway to
Donegal to the Mourne
Mountains to the Dublin
and Wicklow Mountains
The mountains were
much higher than
they are now but
have been worn
down by millions of
years of weathering
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Donegal
Mountains
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Galway Mts
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Wicklow Mts