5.1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems 5.2 The Cycling of Matter 5.3 How Ecosystems Change.
Flow of Energy and Matter in Ecosystems
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Transcript of Flow of Energy and Matter in Ecosystems
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Flow of Energy and Matter in Ecosystems
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• Energy- capacity to do work.– all life on earth possess some kind of energy,
without it life is not possible.
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Photosynthesis
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How are Producers structurally adaptedto Photosynthesis?
• leaves are the basic requirement of plants to undergo the process.
• 2 Major structures:A. External structure
- manner on which the leaves are arranged on the stem( Phyllotaxy).( alternate, opposite or whorled)-main part of a leaf is called a leaf blade/Lamina.(Chlorophyll- a pigment that makes leaf green)
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• petiole- stalks; were leaves are attached; is connected to one or major veins.
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• Types of leaves:A. Simple- one piece of LaminaB. Compound- when lamina is divided into small piece called leaflets.
a.1 pinnately compound- leaflets are arranged along the entire length of an extended axis called rachis.
a.2 palmately compound- if the leaflets are attached on contracted rachis at the tip of the petiole.
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Internal Structure
• at the cross section, the leaf has 3 major parts:A. upper and lower surface layers of cells and the epidermisB. Vein made of Vascular tissues.C. middle layer( Mesophyll)
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• epidermis- protective layer( cutin- waxy material)
• lower epidermis- contains the stomata( use for exchange of gas and loss of water in the form of vapor- transpiration)
• Upper xylem- vascular tissues; transport of water
• Lower Phloem- vascular tissue; food transport in form of sucrose.
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• Mesophyll- where photosynthesis mostly occurA. Palisade mesophyll- Upper portion;
compactly arranged, cylindrical cell with numerous choloroplasts.
B. Spongy Mesophyll- loosely arranged, irregularly shaped cells, big spaces but few choloplasts.
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How do producers harness light energy?
• the sun furnishes the energy needed in Photosynthesis. Plants are provided with green pigments called CHLOROPHYLL that capture this radiant energy and convert it into CHEMICAL energy of food.
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Nature of Light• Light- a small part of the vast continuous radiant energy
that comes from the sun.- it exhibits both particle and wave properties.- as particle it consists of units of energy called photons.- as an electromagnetic energy in waves.- distance between waves is wave length.- the longer the wavelength the less energy it contains, the shorter the wavelength the more energy it contains.- it is visible with wavelengths between 390 to 760 nanometers.-when this visible wave passes through a prism, each wavelength bends a particular angle. White light is then seperated into its constituent band of colors of red, orange, yellow green, blue, indigo and violet.- when light strikes an object, it maybe absorbed, reflected or transmitted.
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• absorbed light- transform to another form.– if its not absorbed its either reflected or
transmitted.( is seen as the color of the object)
– opaque objects( reflects light)– Transparent objects( transmit light)– Cholorophyll doesnt absorb light, thus leaves
are green because, being opaque, they scatter or reflect light in all direction.
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• Answer Quick thinking pp 105 and 106.
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