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STUDY ON FLOATING FLOATINGCONCRETE CUBES

, Raja Sekhar Mamillapalli1

, Swara !"mar Chamar#h$%

1  Assistant Professor, 2 PGPQS 

 National Institute of Construction Management and Research, Hyderaad, India

 !mail" s#chamarthy$gmail%com

 

I& ABSTRACT'

The p(p"la#i( ( ear#h i) *r(wi* rapi+l$ "# #hela+ remai) #he )ame& Tw(-Thir+) (. ("r ear#h i).ille+ wi#h wa#er& S( #here i) ee+ #( e/pl(re ( wa#er&Fl(a#i* Airp(r# i 0apa i) (. #hi) ki+& I ("r ("#r$

wa#er (+ie) are ei* .ille+ "p .(r ()#r"#i( (.  "il+i*), whih lea+) #( wa#er )ari#$&

Thi) paper +eal) wi#h #he )(l"#i( #( #he a(2e pr(lem, #he (re#e a+ i#) mi/ +e)i* whih .l(a#)( wa#er wi#h("# +i)#"ri* wa#er a+ wa#er (+ie)&The +e)i#ie) (. #he #hree (re#e "e) +i)"))e+ i#hi) paper are le)) #ha #he +e)i#$ (. wa#er, #ha# i) le))#ha 3415k*6m7& The)e #hree (re#e "e) are ma+e"p (. #hree +i..ere# ma#erial)&

Ceme#, .l$ a)h, )a+, air e#raii* a+mi/#"re aremai ()#i#"e#) i #$pe 1 "e ,  C(al i) ")e+ a)

(ar)e a**re*a#e i #$pe % "e a+ Therm((l i) ")e+a) (ar)e a**re*a#e i #$pe 7 "e&

The .(ll(wi* are #he "e) wi#h +i..ere# (ar)ea**re*a#e)' ( .ie) (re#e "e +e)i#$8455k*6m7,#herm((l a) (ar)e a**re*a#e +e)i#$8955k*6m7, (ala) (ar)e a**re*a#e +e)i#$83%5k*6m7& The (re#e)#r"#"re) "il# i #hi) wa$ +( (# (rr(+e like ir(,+ea$ like w((+ a+ e2ir(me#al .rie+l$ "like

 pla)#i) whih are pre)e#l$ ")e+ i )#r"#"re) #ha# .l(a#( wa#er&

II& INTRODUCTION

Fl(a#i* (re#e )#r"#"re) are ")e+ #( ()#r"# alar*e arra$ (. )#r"#"re), )"h a) hi*hwa$) a+ )#ree#),

 ri+*e), lar*e "il+i*), airp(r# r"wa$), irri*a#i()#r"#"re), reakwa#er), pier) a+ pa2eme#), )il() a+.arm "il+i*) a+ h(me)&

Fl(a#i* (re#e )#r"#"re) are ()#r"#e+ ")i*hi*h )#re*#h: ;"ali#$ (#r(lle+ rei.(re+ (re#ewhih il"+e) pre-)#re))i* (r p()#-#e)i(i*& The+e)i*) al)( #ake a+2a#a*e (. p()i#i2e S#$r(.(am.l(a#a#i( el()e+ i (re#e&

The +e)i* (. #he .l(a#i* (re#e )#r"#"re m")#mee# #he (pera#i* (+i#i(), )#re*#h a+

)er2ieaili#$ re;"ireme#), )a.e#$ re;"ireme#),+"raili#$ a+ ()#-e..e#i2ee))& A appr(pria#e+e)i* )er2ie li.e i) pre)rie+ +epe+i* "p ( #heimp(r#ae (. #he )#r"#"re a+ #he re#"r peri(+ (. a#"ral l(a+)& I#) )er2ie li.e i) *eerall$ e/pe#e+ #( ea) l(* a) <5 #( 155 $ear) wi#h pre.eral$ a l(wmai#eae ()#&

A) .l(a#i* )#r"#"re) are ihere#l$ a)e i)(la#e+.r(m ear#h;"ake), #he$ are i+eal .(r applia#i() a).l(a#i* emer*e$ relea)e a)e) i ear#h;"ake le2el("#rie)& =er$ lar*e .l(a#i* )#r"#"re) ha2e ee ")e+.(r )#(ri* ."el& C()#r"#e+ like .la# #aker) parke+)i+e $ )i+e, #he$ .(rm a i+eal (il )#(ra*e .aili#$,keepi* #he e/pl()i2e, i.lammale .l"i+ .r(m

 p(p"la#e+ area) ( la+&

The ma#erial) ")e+ .(r #he .l(a#i* (+$ ma$ e)#eel, (r (re#e (r )#eel-(re#e (mp()i#e a+ #herele2a# )pei.ia#i() )h("l+ e .(ll(we+& Sie wa#er #i*h#e)) (. (re#e i) imp(r#a# #( a2(i+ (r limi#(rr()i( (. #he rei.(reme#, ei#her wa#er#i*h#(re#e (r (..)h(re (re#e )h("l+ e ")e+&

III& >RE=IOUS ?ISTORY

The hi)#(r$ (. .l(a#i* (re#e )ea )#r"#"re) *(e) ak #( #he 13#h e#"r$& I 14@4 Lam(# .(r #he .ir)##ime ")e+ rei.(re+ (re#e #( "il+ a (a#& D"ri*(rl+ ar I, 1@ (re#e )hip) were "il# +"e #( #he)#eel )h(r#a*e - il"+i* #he 175 m l(* U&S&S& Selma&A# #ha# #ime rei.(re+ (re#e ha+ alrea+$ ee ")e+i )hip"il+i* )mall )hip) i #he Sa+ia2ia("#rie)& (rl+ ar II (re#e )hip) )aw wi+e)prea+war#ime )er2ie i a##le (e)& Twe#$-.("r (. #he)e)hip) were lar*e )ea-*(i* 2e))el) a+ 45 were )ea-*(i* ar*e) (. lar*e )ie& The ar*( apai#ie) ra*e+.r(m 7&%55 #( 1@5&%<5 #()&

The .ir)# +i)"))i( (. a .l(a#i* airp(r# wa) .(r #ra)-A#la#i .li*h#)& A# #ha# #ime a pa))e*er airra.#apale (. maki* #he #rip ("l+ e "il# "# ea")e (. #he ma))i2e ee+ .(r ."el .(r #he .li*h#, i# ha+ a limi#e+

 pa$l(a+& A ar#ile appeare+ i 0a"ar$ 1375 i))"e (. >(p"lar Mehai) i whih a m(+el (. a .l(a#i*airp(r# l(a#e+ i #he A#la#i wa) pr(p()e+& T( make)a.e .li*h# p())ile wi#h #he a2ia#i( #eh(l(*$ (. #ha##ime, i# alle+ .(r ei*h# )"h airp(r#) i #he A#la#i&

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B"# "like ."#"re .l(a#i* airp(r# i+ea) whih were .ree.l(a#i*, #hi) 1375 (ep# ha+ a .l(a#i* airp(r#

 pla#.(rm, "# wi#h )#ailier le*) whih pre2e# #he.li*h# +ek .r(m pi#hi* a+ r(lli*, )imilar i(ep# #( )(me (. #(+a$) (.. )h(re (il ri*)& The ()#(. e)#ali)hi* ei*h# )"h .l(a#i* airp(r#) i 1375 wa)

e)#ima#e+ a# appr(/ima#el$ 155,555 +(llar) &

Fig 1 : Concrete Boat 

The Ramappa #emple i) ear #he aie#e*ieeri* mar2el (. #he 17#h e#"r$ AD Ramappa#ak& The aie# Ramappa #ak a e +a#e+ ak #(#he peri(+ (. !aka#i$a)& I# i) a well-(ei2e+ #ak 

where a %555 .# l(* ear#he +am (e#) a )emiir"lar hai (. hill) #( .(rm a lake& Thi) #emple i)k(w a) .l(a#i* #emple

I=& DE=ELO>MENT OF T?E CUBE

The a#"al +e)i#$ (. a (re#e "e i)%@55k*6"&m& The +e)i#$ ha) #( e le)) #ha1555k*6"&m& T( +e)i* a mi/ wi#h +e)i#$ le)) #ha1555k*6"&m, we ee+ #he a**re*a#e) wi#h )pei.i*ra2i#$ le)) #ha (e& e .("+ )(me ma#erial) le))#ha (e&

Th()e ma#erial) are'1 a/,% C(al,7 >"mie,@ >erili#e,< =ermi"li#e, Therm((l,9 ((+,4 Rie h")k,3 Saw +")#&

>erili#e, 2ermi"li#e, are rare )#(e whih are(# a2ailale e2er$where, +e)i* wi#h #he)e ma#erial)

w("l+ (# e e((mial& Rie h")k, )aw +")#, w((+a)(r wa#er ")e+ i (re#e a+ "l#ima#el$ re+"i*

)#re*#h& he wa/ wa) ")e+ a) (ar)e a**re*a#e i#)lippe+ (.. .r(m #he eme# m(r#ar& The mi/ wi#hhar(al a+ #herma(l #"re+ #( (re#e "e .(rm&B(#h #he)e "e) were .l(a#i* ( wa#er&

TY>E 1

1 Ma#erial) U)e+ ' Ceme#, har(al, .l$ a)h,)a+, .(ami* a*e#, a#er 

% Mi/e+ pr(p(r#i(' 1'%'77 Spei.i *ra2i#$ (. 

Ceme# ' 7&1Sa+ ' %&@Fl$ A)h ' %&1C(al ' 5&9

@ a#er eme# ra#i( i) #ake a)5&<< F(ami* a*e# i) #ake %H #( wei*h# (. 

eme# C(mpre))i2e )#re*#h i)1!N6);&m

9 De)i#$ (. (re#e "e i) 355k*6"&m4 1<5k* eme# i) ")e+ per "&m3 Fie a**re*a#e' @5H )a+, 5H .l$ a)h

Fig 2 : Type 1 Cube

TY>E %

1 Ma#erial) U)e+ ' Ceme#, #herm((l, .l$

a)h, )a+, p"mie, .(ami* a*e#, wa#er % Mi/e+ >r(p(r#i(' 1'%'%&<7 Spei.i *ra2i#$ (. 

Ceme# ' 7&1Sa+ ' %&@Fl$ A)h ' %&1Therm((l ' 5&>"mie ' 5&9

@ a#er eme# ra#i( i) #ake a)5&<< F(ami* a*e# i) #ake %H #( wei*h# (. 

eme# C(mpre))i2e )#re*#h i) 5&4!N6);&m9 De)i#$ (. (re#e "e i) 955k*6"&m

4 1<5k* eme# i) ")e+ per "&m

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3 Fie a**re*a#e' %5H )a+, 5H .l$ a)h,%5H p"mie p(w+er&

Fig 3 : Type 2 Cube

TY>E 71 Ma#erial) U)e+ ' Ceme#, .l$ a)h,

)a+, .(ami* a*e#, a#er % Mi/e+ pr(p(r#i( ' 1'@7 Spei.i *ra2i#$ (. 

Ceme# ' 7&1Sa+ ' %&@Fl$ A)h ' %&1

@ a#er eme# ra#i( i) #ake a) 5&<< F(ami* a*e# i) #ake %H #( wei*h# (. 

eme#

C(mpre))i2e )#re*#h i) 1!N6);&m9 De)i#$ (. (re#e "e i) 455k*6"&m4 %55k* eme# i) ")e+ per "&m3 Fie a**re*a#e' @5H )a+, 5H .l$ a)h

Fig 4 : Type 3 Cube

=& COM>ARISION 

TY>E1 TY>E% TY>E7

De)i#$

k*6"&m

355 955 455

S#re*#hk6);m

5&4 1 <

C()# ?IG? ?IG? LO

a#er a)(rp#i(

?IG? ?IG? LO

 1 T$pe1 ma$ e ")e+ ( ri2er ak) +"ri*

.l((+),% T$pe% a e ")e+ a) par#i#i( wall) a+

eili*),7 A+2a#a*e) (. #$pe7 are *i2e el(w

A+2a#a*e) (. Fl(a#i* (re#e )#r"#"re)'1 C()# e..e#i2e% E2ir(me#al .rie+l$ a) #he$ +( (# +ama*e

#he marie e(-)$)#em7 Ea)$ a+ .a)# #( ()#r"#@ Ca e ea)il$ rem(2e+< D( (# )"..er .r(m +i..ere#ial )e##leme# +"e

#( relaime+ )(il ()(li+a#i( Their p()i#i() wi#h re)pe# #( #he wa#er

)"r.ae are ()#a#&

=I& >ROBLEMS IN >RESENT SITUATION

The .l(a#i* )#r"#"re) ma$ (# ha2e m"himp(r#ae a) (. (w, "# #he ."#"re will e +(mia#e+

 $ .l(a#i* )#r"#"re)& >re)e#l$ me#alli ar*e) are pla$i* a +(mia# r(le i .l(a#i* )#r"#"re) whihma$ e replae+ $ (re#e )#r"#"re)& A# pre)e##here i) ( permi))i( .(r ()#r"#i* h(me) ( wa#er 

 (+ie)&The (mpre))i2e )#re*#h i) (# )( hi*h #(

()#r"# m"l#i )#(re$ "il+i*)&

=II& CONCLUSION

F"r#her i2e)#i*a#i( i) ee+e+ #( impr(2e )#re*#h(. #he (re#e a+ #( irea)e #he reliaili#$ (.l(a#i* (re#e )#r"#"re)& The aili#$ (. .l(a#i*)#r"#"re) #( #ake l(a+ ha) #( e irea)e+& I# i)e2ir(me# .rie+l$ a) #he$ +( (# +ama*e #he marie)$)#em& I# i) ea)$ a+ .a)# #( ()#r"#, i# a e ea)il$rem(2e+& I# +(e) (# )"..er +i..ere#ial )e##leme# +"e#( relaime+ )(il ()(li+a#i(& Their p()i#i( wi#hre)pe# #( #he wa#er )"r.ae i) ()#a#&

=III& REFERENCES