Flanders Waste Management Plan Example for SE European Countries
description
Transcript of Flanders Waste Management Plan Example for SE European Countries
Flanders Waste Management Plan Example for SE European
Countries
Dr. S. HelsenZagreb25/11/2010
Situation of Flanders
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North Belgium
Pop. 6 million
Area 13.600 km²
# Municip. 308
Need for Waste Management Plan
1970’s poorly managed landfills pollution
1980’s competences from national to regional level re-organisation of Assoc. of Municipalities
1981 waste management and soil remediation competences centralised Public Waste Agency
Flemish Waste Decree based on : prevention, reuse, recycling, incineration, disposal
Five Waste Management (Implementation) Plans since 1986
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First WMP (1986-1990):Making order out of chaos
Closing and redeveloping landfills
Maximum use of existing incineration capacity and separate collection of municipal waste
Cost depositing at landfill and incineration raised
First step towards waste prevention and recovery
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Necessary policy instruments + infrastructure forsegregation at source
Separate door-to-door collection of municipal wastestreams and recovery
Network of recycling yards
Infrastructure for collection and processing of VFGand green waste
Focused on waste minimisation and recovery
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Second WMP (1991-1995):Built on previous success
Partnership with non-profit organisation
Recoverable materials from bulky waste
Prevention /reuse through composting (home/industrial)
Development reuse centres network
Waste prevention public awareness
Incineration: construction postponed, capacityreduced, optimisation with energy recovery systems
Landfill deposits further reduced
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Third WMP (1997- 2001):Targets to reduce residual Waste
Main goal consolidate results and ensure progress Implementation, acceleration, intensification of plan Effective instruments adopted to achieve wide-range of objectives
Aim: achieving sustainable development and permanent management of materials
Covering entire material chain: production of materials, goods and products to treatment of household waste
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Fourth WMP (2003- 2007):Evaluation of Previous Plan
Objective 1 Environmentally responsible consumption habits Buy and use environmental friendly products Government stimulates and sends message to adapt behavioural consumption to fit new practices
Objective 2 Reduction of residual waste production without affecting the quantities of materials consumed
Objective 3 Final waste treatment: BATNEEC
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Fifth WMP (2008- 2015):3 Target objectives
Objectives of 5th WMP aim at:
1.Minimum waste produced2.Re-introduction of waste in material chain recycling3.Disposal of materials in environmentally friendly way
Action programmes:
1.Prevention, lowered consumption and re-use2.Selective collection and recycling3.Final treatment
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Results:Residual waste reduction
Targets continuouslyevaluated and updated
Targets achieved faster;e.g. target for 2006:
3rd WMP 220 kg/head4th WMP 160 kg/head
Proposed long-termtarget :150 kg/head
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Incineration and bio-mechanical pre-treatment of household waste
ObjectiveSeparate collectionWMP 2003 – 2007
66 % in 2000
69 % in 2008
ObjectiveCessation landfilling
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Waste disposal levies vs quantitiesof landfilled waste 1990-2008
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Waste-to-Energy
CH4 and electricity production, Flemish landfills 1990-2006
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Energy production from incineration of household waste
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Waste Implementation plans: key to success
Impressive results in reduction, reuse, etc., since 2007 70 % of household waste collected separately less than 3% deposited in landfill
WMP goals achieved
Legislation focus : prevention and recovery of waste(decrees amended)
WMP targets for 2003-2007 and 2008-2015have been met or likely to be met
Discussion
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Mix of policy measures
Regulation modifications / adaptations (obligatory) Voluntary agreements Market-based instruments Population communication and initiatives Agreements, consensus-based policy preferred
Interesting policy outcomes
Population acceptance, willingness to segregate andcompost waste
Waste management and littering high in political agenda
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Implementation Plan for 5 years - key measure
Comprises provisions for all public authorities All relevant parties involved in process Contribution with suggestions
relationship between waste targets and agreements with municipalities happens naturally
Legal instruments
Uncontrolled landfill and incineration prohibitions Methodical approach to waste problems Waste approach based on producer responsibility (take back obligations) and polluter-pays principle High landfill tax: incentive to recover & recycle waste
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Intermunicipal co-operation recommended
Municipalities controlling and financing waste services:
Fixed (yearly) tax & cash tax (Pay-As-You-Throw) Reduction of residual waste Development of recycling infrastructure network (ca. 350 yards), incl. composting activities, etc. Public Private Partnerships (contracting, participation, concessions)
Total cost: 220 € / household (2.4 persons)
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Recycling contributes to saving natural resources :Aluminium, steel, PET plastic, glass, cardboard,…
Recycling saves energy:Recycled steel requires up to 85% less energy, etc.
Reducing energy consumption reduces CO2In 2008 ca. 680,000 t household waste recycled in BE 850,000 t of CO2 emissions avoided
Sorting = reflex !95% of Belgians sort their wasteAwareness raising can never stop (schools, firms, ... )
Sorting and recycling natural resources and energy savings
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Waste chain managed as one :from "cradle to grave" or from “cradle to cradle“
Waste management linked to sustainable materialmanagement (worldwide evolution)
Depletion of resources and environmental pressurefrom material reduced
Challenge : providing sustainable materialmanagement policy whilst having a growing economy,production and consumption on a global scale
From waste management to sustainable material management
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Collecting, sortingand recycling:growing economic sector
Recycling sector employs 2,500 people in BE
Waste management offers 8,000 jobs in Flanders
Recycling market stable Crisis not affected trends in quantity of household packaging put on market
Waste management:new economic sector
Impressive waste management system,one of the best in EU
Final disposal in landfills almost ceased / landfill mining!
Packaging waste largely recycled or reused
Incineration for heat or energy recovery
Innovative techniques for better waste treatment
Municipalities responsible for implementation ofwaste policies & organised through intermunicipalcooperations and PPP constructions
Conclusions: 25 years ofWaste Management in Flanders
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In Flanders: “There is no such thing as waste”
Export of experience and knowhow to SE European countries, based on lessons learnt
Advice and technical assistance Innovation and technologies Legal instruments Economical instruments Social instruments
Challenge: most appropriate instrument or mix of instruments to achieve targets
Setting the example
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