Fishblog
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Transcript of Fishblog
Fish UnitFish Unit
Fish Facts:Fish Facts:
More that 24,000 species Found in a wide range of habitats Specialized for their environment Fresh & saltwater environments have different
effects on fish Freshwater fish continually urinate (hypotonic) Saltwater fish continually drink water
(hypertonic)
More that 24,000 species Found in a wide range of habitats Specialized for their environment Fresh & saltwater environments have different
effects on fish Freshwater fish continually urinate (hypotonic) Saltwater fish continually drink water
(hypertonic)
SpecializationsSpecializations
Gills: Fins: Scales: Slime coat: Lateral line: Color patterns:
Gills: Fins: Scales: Slime coat: Lateral line: Color patterns:
Fish ClassesFish Classes
Class Agnatha: Jawless fishes No scales
Hagfishes Bottom dwellers in cold marine waters Often burrow into bodies of dead fish Can tie their bodies in knots to evade capture
Lampreys Many are parasitic Some live in freshwater, some saltwater, etc All reproduce in freshwater
Class Agnatha: Jawless fishes No scales
Hagfishes Bottom dwellers in cold marine waters Often burrow into bodies of dead fish Can tie their bodies in knots to evade capture
Lampreys Many are parasitic Some live in freshwater, some saltwater, etc All reproduce in freshwater
Class ChondrichthyesClass Chondrichthyes
Skeletons made of cartilage Advantage: lightweight, flexible, strong All species are carnivores, some scavengers Feed off a variety of foods Skin covered with placoid scales Includes sharks, skates, rays, sturgeon Internal fertilization rather than external
Skeletons made of cartilage Advantage: lightweight, flexible, strong All species are carnivores, some scavengers Feed off a variety of foods Skin covered with placoid scales Includes sharks, skates, rays, sturgeon Internal fertilization rather than external
Class OsteichthyesClass Osteichthyes
Bony fish Have lungs (early bony fishes) or swim bladder Swim bladder helps to control buoyancy Have scales Divided into lobe-finned fishes and ray-finned
fishes
Bony fish Have lungs (early bony fishes) or swim bladder Swim bladder helps to control buoyancy Have scales Divided into lobe-finned fishes and ray-finned
fishes
External AnatomyExternal Anatomy
Operculum - bony gill cover Fins - supported by bony rays or spines Rays give the fin strength Skin covered with scales Scales used mainly for protection
Operculum - bony gill cover Fins - supported by bony rays or spines Rays give the fin strength Skin covered with scales Scales used mainly for protection
Digestive SystemDigestive System
Esophagus = throat Stomach - secretes acids, digestive enzymes Intestine - nutrients absorbed here Liver - secretes bile, which helps break down
fats Gallbladder - stores bile Pancreas - releases digestive enzymes into
intestine Undigested material eliminated through anus
Esophagus = throat Stomach - secretes acids, digestive enzymes Intestine - nutrients absorbed here Liver - secretes bile, which helps break down
fats Gallbladder - stores bile Pancreas - releases digestive enzymes into
intestine Undigested material eliminated through anus
Circulatory SystemCirculatory System
Arteries - move blood away from the heart Veins - move blood to the heart Capillaries are smallest blood vessels (gas
exchange) Heart anatomy: Blood collects in sinus venosus Moves to atrium Moves to ventricle Moves to conus arteriosus Then moves to body….
Arteries - move blood away from the heart Veins - move blood to the heart Capillaries are smallest blood vessels (gas
exchange) Heart anatomy: Blood collects in sinus venosus Moves to atrium Moves to ventricle Moves to conus arteriosus Then moves to body….
Respiratory SystemRespiratory System
Fish breathe by using “countercurrent flow” Water flows away from head, blood flows
towards head Very efficient gas exchange in capillaries
Fish breathe by using “countercurrent flow” Water flows away from head, blood flows
towards head Very efficient gas exchange in capillaries
Nervous SystemNervous System
Brain has cerebrum (central processor) Cerebellum coordinates motor output Medulla oblongata - acts as a relay station for
stimuli & sensory receptors Basically, the m.o. sends sensory signals
where they need to go Lateral line system used to detect vibrations &
pressure changes
Brain has cerebrum (central processor) Cerebellum coordinates motor output Medulla oblongata - acts as a relay station for
stimuli & sensory receptors Basically, the m.o. sends sensory signals
where they need to go Lateral line system used to detect vibrations &
pressure changes
Pacific SalmonPacific Salmon
Five species: Chinook (King) Coho (Silver) ….best fighting salmon Chum (Dog) Sockeye (Red) Pink (Humpback) Spend several years (up to 5-6) in saltwater then return
to freshwater to spawn (anadromous) Smell their way back to their spawning grounds Die after they spawn Young have “parr marks” for camouflage
Five species: Chinook (King) Coho (Silver) ….best fighting salmon Chum (Dog) Sockeye (Red) Pink (Humpback) Spend several years (up to 5-6) in saltwater then return
to freshwater to spawn (anadromous) Smell their way back to their spawning grounds Die after they spawn Young have “parr marks” for camouflage