FIREARM INJURIES IN ARIZONA · Highlight Summary • Every year Arizona has had a higher rate of...
Transcript of FIREARM INJURIES IN ARIZONA · Highlight Summary • Every year Arizona has had a higher rate of...
FIREARM INJURIES IN ARIZONA
With a
Focus on
Children
Prepared by
November, 2010
a 501(c)(3) nonprofit
corporation dedicated to the
prevention of firearm injuries
in children
Introduction
Firearm injuries have recently replaced auto accidents as the most frequent injury causing deaths in Arizona. Too often the victims are young children or teens. In this booklet, Arizona Firearm Injury Prevention Coalition cites multiple sources, including Arizona Department of Health Services; Centers for Disease Control; Arizona Criminal Justice Commission; Phoenix Police Department; Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms; National Opinion Research Center; and Arizona Child Fatality Review, to outline the extent of the problem of firearm injuries in Arizona children and to guide future interventions to reduce those injuries.
Arizona always ranks near the top of states with high firearm death rates, and we also have very high rates of nonfatal firearm injuries. Survivors often incur permanent disabilities associated with chronic pain and limitation of activity. Gunshot wounds can profoundly reduce the lifetime potential of children. Parents may suffer financially from large medical bills, and they often suffer emotional trauma from the knowledge that greater vigilance could have prevented their child’s tragedy. We hope this booklet will raise awareness of the danger of firearms that are easily accessible to young children and teens, and that readers, especially firearm owners, will be moved to take measures to make firearms inaccessible to children.
All who keep firearms at home can lock them up.
No one need put children in jeopardy of firearm tragedy.
For specific information on securing and storing firearms,
visit www.afipc.org.
Highlight Summary
• Every year Arizona has had a higher rate of death from firearm injuries than the U.S. average.
(page 3)
• Though the rate of death from firearms among Arizona’s teenagers has decreased
considerably from its peak in the mid-1990s, the rate is still high. (pages 4 & 5)
• Firearm homicides are common in Arizona. (pages 6 - 8)
• Most gun crimes in Phoenix are committed with handguns. 71% of the murders in Phoenix are
committed in three precincts, which comprise only 41% of the population of Phoenix. (pages 9 &
10)
• A large number of firearm deaths come from teen suicide. (pages 11-14)
• Deaths from firearm accidents are uncommon. (page 15) But nonfatal firearm accidents are
not uncommon. (pages 27 – 37)
1Continued on next page
Highlight Summarycontinued
• Teen homicide and suicide rates in Arizona exceed the U.S. average. (page 16)
• The leading causes of death in children include homicide and suicide. (pages17-19) From 1999 to 2009, there was a remarkable 44.4% decline in homicides in older teens. (page 18)
• The Child Fatality Review of the Arizona Department of Health Services reports on the ages, intent, gun types, gun owners, gun storage, and preventability of firearm deaths in children under age 18. (pages 20 -26). The 2009 Review found that only 3% of firearms causing child deathswere known to be properly locked.
• Nonfatal firearm injuries are a major public health problem for the U.S. and especially for Arizona. (pages 27-37)
• Fewer Arizona residents than the national average keep firearms, but more Arizonans keep loaded firearms and unlocked firearms. (pages 38-42)
• Take-home message: Lock it up! (page 43)
• Note: The 2008 statistics have been revised by ADHS, and those revisions are in the data in this booklet.
2
AZ & U.S. Firearm Death RatesPer 100,000 Population
All Ages
NA
12.8
2009
N A
13.5
2008
10.2
14.3
2007
In 18 Yrs:
30%10.49.810.010.310.410.313.414.6U.S.
In 20 Yrs:
32%15.415.115.014.817.215.524.118.9AZ
% Decrease20062005200420032002200119951990
Arizona Department of Health Services & Centers for Disease Control
3
Note: firearm deaths peaked in Arizona in 1995
DEATH RATES BY AGE GROUP AND YEAR FOR INJURY BY FIREARMSARIZONA RESIDENTS 1999-2009
Rate per 100,000 population in each population category
• 0-4 years old
[Children and teens in bold]
12.813.514.315.415.115.014.817.215.515.316.9Total, all
ages
20.717.515.218.817.518.916.821.119.021.419.965 or over
16.917.314.015.716.215.616.417.615.415.818.245-64
15.016.722.321.721.321.521.624.422.620.923.720-44
11.017.316.021.621.115.414.121.916.819.622.615-19
0.51.01.11.40.91.30.71.31.91.01.15-14
0.80.40.40.20.20.20.50.70.30.00.3Under 5 *
20092008200720062005200420032002200120001999Age Group
Arizona Department of Health Services
4
NUMBER OF DEATHS BY FIREARMS AND RATES OF FIREARM-RELATED FATALITIES BY GENDER AND AGE GROUP,
ARIZONA RESIDENTS, 2009
Rate per 100,000 population in specified group
[Children and teens in bold]
12.88434.815820.7685Total
20.71774.22040.915765+
16.92577.25627.120145-64
15.93495.96623.528320-44
11.0505.41216.13815-19
0.550.420.635-14
0.840.820.82<5
RateNumberRateNumberRateNumberAge Group
TOTALFEMALEMALE
Arizona Department of Health Services
5
62.272.868.071.272.668.166.472.468.168.666.3% byfirearms
224323336374365331319346318271303by firearms
360448494525503486480478467394457Total
All agesa
710868145461312by firearms
1720191416271612142622All65 and
Older
3959333640404441283838by firearms
7588668470768779566568All
45-64
142198242264256230224240233173204by firearms
206260318321322309294302317234293All
20-44
2750466157343549384144By firearms
4162597965454858495355All
15-19
555638161054By firearms
9798711171865All
5-14
31200122101By firearms
111121181912201411912All
Under 5
20092008200720062005200420032002200120001999Age group
Homicides in Arizona
a – May include unknown or unspecified age Arizona Department of Health Services [Children & teens in bold]
6
Percent of Homicides Committed with a Firearm
68.0
69.6
2007
66.966.765.6U.S.
71.675.871.5AZ
200820022000Year
Arizona Criminal Justice Commission & Arizona Department of Health Services
In 2008, more than two-thirds of homicides and one-half of
robberies in Arizona involved the use of a firearm. Overall, Arizona
had a higher percentage than the U.S. in firearm involvement
across all violent crime types during each year.
7
Number of Child Homicide Victims in Arizona
56
50
62
5
7
1
11
2008
35536760Total by
Firearms
27466157By
Firearms
41597965Total15 - 19
5563By
Firearms
9987Total5 - 14
3200By
Firearms
11211819TotalUnder 5
2009200720062005Ages
Arizona Department of Health Services
8
ATF Crime Gun Trace ReportType of Firearms Used in Crimes
Phoenix, AZ
1/1/99 to 12/31/99
1,365Total
2Unknown
9Machine Gun
1Destructive Device
0Combination Gun
10Derringer
150Shotgun
169Rifle
263Revolver
761Semiautomatic Pistol
TotalType of Firearm
9
Homicides in Phoenix from 1998 to October, 2003
Narcotics1627321South:
South Mountain
Narcotics9.518222Central:
Downtown
Verbal
Dispute
1626310West:
Maryvale
Domestic128.5101Northeast:
Squaw Peak
Verbal
Dispute
248.5101Northeast:
Desert Horizon
Domestic2212146Far North:
Cactus Park
#1 Motive% of City’s
Population
% of City’s
Murders
HomicidesDistrict
Phoenix Police Department 10
NUMBER OF FIREARM SUICIDES - AGE GROUPS
Arizona 1999 - 2009
56.254.955.457.161.064.0% by Firearms
596541507476468495# by Firearms
1,060986915807767773Total Suicides
All agesx
211730172028# by Firearms
493861394036All Suicides
15-19
004414# by Firearms
4511897All Suicides
5-14
200920072005200320011999CauseAgeGroup
x – May include records with unknown or unspecific age
Arizona Department of Health Services
11
Suicides, All Ages – Mechanism– Arizona - 2009
3710Drowning and Submersion
2687921060Total
459Other Specified or Unspecified Means
51722Sharp or Blunt Object
182240Poisoning by Gases or Vapors
9589184Poisoning by Drugs, Medicaments, and Biological Substances
39160199Hanging, Strangulation, or Suffocation
104492596Firearm Discharge
FEMALEMALETOTAL
Arizona Department of Health Services
12
Az Adolescent Suicide Trend
Ages 15 -19
2000 11.1*
2001 10.5
2002 9.9
2003 9.7
2004 11.8
2005 14.1
2006 13.0
2007 8.5
2008 12.4
2009 10.9
* Rates per 100,000 Az Dept. of Health Services
13
Az Adolescent Suicide Trend
Males Ages 15 -19
• 2000 22.6 *
• 2001 22.8
• 2002 25.6
• 2003 19.1
• 2004 18.5
• 2005 22.0
• 2006 19.5
• 2007 12.2
• 2008 18.0
• 2009 16.1
* Rates per 100,000 Az Dept. of Health Services
14
Number of Unintentional Firearm Deaths by Age Group
Arizona1999 - 2009
0.4
9
2548
2
1,007
1
660
5
684
0
101
0
37
1
59
2008
0.4
13
3,014
1
982
2
758
6
985
2
162
2
54
0
72
2007
0.20.30.50.50.51.10.20.50.3% Firearm-related
79151313266117# Firearm-related
2,8873,1563,0062,6412,4662,4162,4302,0872,192Total Unintentional Injury Deaths
All Agesa
112146NA20# Firearm-related
980971986854750752696652603All Unintentional Injury Deaths
65 or older
024023NA20# Firearm-related
813812745636540548491457469All Unintentional Injury Deaths
45-64
537749NA57# Firearm-related
8811059988830896850932706858All Unintentional Injury Deaths
20-44
012335NA10# Firearm-related
101190148169140144143132122All Unintentional Injury Deaths
15-19
010202310# Firearm-related
384565646751696350All Unintentional Injury Deaths
5-14
110001000# Firearm-related
717471536367856875All Unintentional Injury Deaths
Under 5
200920062005200420032002200120001999CauseAge Group
a - May include records with unknown or unspecified ages
Arizona Department of Health Services15
HOMICIDE & SUICIDE15-19 YEAR-OLDSRates per 100,000
9.013.713.318.015.010.811.914.812.914.416.2HOMICIDE, total
NANA4.04.04.24.43.73.83.93.73.3By all other means
NANA2.93.33.53.83.63.74.14.54.9By firearms
NANA6.97.37.78.27.37.48.08.28.2SUICIDE, total
NANA1.51.71.61.71.71.61.91.81.9By all other means
NANA8.99.18.37.67.87.77.57.88.7By firearms
NANA10.410.89.99.39.59.39.49.610.6HOMICIDE, total
UNITED STATES
6.17.14.76.67.25.85.53.35.24.02.4By all other means
4.65.33.86.46.96.04.26.65.37.18.2By firearms
10.712.48.513.014.111.89.79.910.511.110.6SUICIDE, total
3.12.63.04.11.82.63.22.32.93.33.3By all other means
5.911.110.313.913.28.28.712.510.011.112.9By firearms
ARIZONA
20092008200720062005200420032002200120001999
Arizona Department of Health Services and Centers for Disease Control
16
Leading Causes of Death
Arizona - Ages 1-14
+10.2(271)(262)(256)(278)(285)(248)(286)(271)(320)(271)(246)(Number of all deaths)
-16.220.219.719.521.522.720.424.323.728.825.324.1ALL CAUSES
-57.10.30.60.40.90.90.20.71.00.80.60.7Intentional self-harm (suicide)
+18.21.31.11.41.21.41.50.81.62.20.81.1Assault (homicide)
-17.61.41.71.02.21.81.51.81.51.91.01.7Congenital malformations
-7.42.52.33.21.31.91.82.61.92.32.72.7Malignant neoplasms
-11.11.61.42.12.22.41.51.71.83.22.21.8Other
-27.31.61.81.11.52.02.02.01.93.12.82.2Drowning
-37.93.62.64.14.24.54.65.44.85.35.85.8Motor vehicle accident
-29.96.85.87.37.98.98.19.18.511.610.89.7Accident (unintentional injury)
% Change
from
1999
20092008200720062005200420032002200120001999Cause
Rates per 100,000 Arizona Department of Health Services
17
Leading Causes of Death
Arizona - Ages 15-19
-7.9(255)(297)(342)(412)(346)(337)(304)(324)(329)(290)(277)(Number of all deaths)
-31.355.965.776.993.880.180.875.482.786.678.981.4ALL CAUSES
-38.11.30.91.81.61.41.21.21.82.61.62.1Diseases of heart
-5.73.34.63.83.42.84.62.54.35.33.83.5Malignant neoplasms
-44.49.013.713.318.015.010.811.914.812.914.416.2Assault (homicide)
+0.910.712.48.513.014.111.89.79.910.511.110.6Intentional self-harm
(suicide)
+72.311.28.69.69.19.39.88.78.611.38.46.5Other than motor vehicle
-62.611.017.326.834.225.030.726.028.126.327.529.4Motor vehicle accident
-38.322.125.936.443.334.340.534.736.737.635.935.8Accident (unintentional
injury)
% Change from 1999
20092008200720062005200420032002200120001999Cause
Rates per 100,000 Arizona Department of Health Services
18
Leading Causes of Death – Rates*
Arizona - Ages 15 – 19
Males
(208)
89.1
0.4
5.1
21.0
18.0
11.1
21.9
33.0
2008
(236)
102.7
2.2
3.5
21.3
12.2
13.0
35.3
48.3
2007
(191)(291)(264)(237)(223)(Number of
All Deaths)
81.1129.1118.5109.5106.7All Causes
1.31.81.81.81.9Diseases of
Heart
3.43.14.06.52.4Malignancy
13.627.924.718.519.1Homicide
16.119.522.018.014.8Suicide
19.116.016.215.313.4Other
15.341.733.236.135.9Motor
Vehicle
34.457.749.451.349.3Accidents
20092006200520042003
*Rates per 100,000 Arizona Department of Health Services
19
THE FOLLOWING SIX PAGES
Data From the 2008 Child Fatality Review
Data on the following six pages come from the 2009 Child Fatality Review, an annual review undertaken by the Arizona Department of Health Services of deaths of children under age 18. Therefore, “child” is defined as those under age 18 for the following six pages.
The primary purpose of the Child Fatality Review is to determine whether deaths were preventable, and to suggest remedies for preventing similar deaths in the future. The program tries to promote cooperation, collaboration, and communication among groups that serve families and children by developing and disseminating data-driven recommendations for reducing childhood deaths.
According to the Review, the total number of firearm deaths in children under 18 dropped from 49 in 2008 to 32 in 2009.
20
Firearm-Related Deaths Among Children by Age Group,
Arizona 2009 (n=32)
15-17 Years
72% (n=23)
10-14 Years
3% (n=1)
<10 Years,
25% (n=8)
Source: Arizona Department of Health Services, 2009 Child Fatality Review
21
Firearm-Related Deaths Among Children By Manner, Arizona
2009 (n=32)
Source: Arizona Department of Health Services, 2009 Child Fatality Review
Homicide 66%
(n=21)
Suicide 28%
(n=9)
Accident 3%
(n=1)
Undetermined 3%
(n=1)
22
32Total
3%1Unknown
9%3Assault or hunting rifle
9%3Shotgun
78%25Handgun
PercentNumberType
Types of Firearms Involved in Child Deaths, Arizona 2009 (n=32)
Source: Arizona Department of Health Services, 2009 Child Fatality Review
23
19%6Unknown
6%2Self
3%1Law Enforcement
32Total
9.5%3Friend/Acquaintance
9.5%3Stranger
6%2Other Relative
47%15Parent/Step-parent
PercentNumberOwner
Owners of Firearms involved in Child Deaths, Arizona 2009
Source: Arizona Department of Health Services, 2009 Child Fatality Review
24
3%1Locked cabinet/safe
16%5Closet
32Total
0%0Glove compartment of car
19%6In or under furniture (e.g. in a
drawer or under a bed)
19%6Not stored (unsecured)
44%14Unknown
PercentNumberLocation
Locations of Firearms Involved in Child Deaths,
Arizona 2009 (n=32)
Source: Arizona Department of Health Services, 2009 Child Fatality Review
25
*More than one factor may have been identified for each death
6%2Involvement in gang
25%8Lack of supervision
53%17Drugs and/or alcohol
53%17Access to firearm
PercentNumberFactor*
Preventable Factors for the 49 Firearm-Related Deaths Among Children
Arizona 2009
Source: Arizona Department of Health Services, 2009 Child Fatality Review
26
Nonfatal Hospitalized Firearm Injuries - 2009In Arizona
Under Age 15by Gender
Males
Females
Total = 17
13
4
Data Provided Courtesy of Alana Shacter, ADHS
27
Nonfatal Hospitalized Firearm Injuries - 2009In Arizona
Ages 15 to 19by Gender
Males
Females
16
93
Data Provided Courtesy of Alana Shacter, ADHS
Total = 109
28
Nonfatal Hospitalized Firearm Injuries - 2009In Arizona
Under Age 15By Intent
Unintentional
Self-Inflicted
Assault
Undetermined
Legal
Intervention
6
Assault 11
Unintent.
Data Provided Courtesy of Alana Shacter, ADHS
Total = 17
29
Nonfatal Hospitalized Firearm Injuries - 2009In Arizona
Ages 15 to 19By Intent
Unintentional
Self-Inflicted
Assault
Undetermined
Legal Intervention
Total=109
Unintent.
20
Assault
83
3
2 1
Data Provided Courtesy of Alana Shacter, ADHS30
Nonfatal ER Firearm Injuries - 2009In Arizona
Under Age 15
Unintentional
Self-Inflicted
Assault
Undetermined
Legal Intervention
12
Unintentional
3
Assault
Data Provided Courtesy of Alana Shacter, ADHS
Total = 15
31
Nonfatal ER Firearm Injuries – 2009In ArizonaAges 15 - 19
Unintentional
Self-Inf licted
Assault
Undetermined
Legal Intervention
48
Unintentional
71
Assault
7 3
2
Data Provided Courtesy of Alana Shacter, ADHS
Total = 131
32
FIREARM INJURIES
Under Age 15 ● Arizona ● 2009
411328Total
32923Nonfatal [by discharge diagnosis]
945Fatal [by death certificate]
TotalFemalesMales
Arizona Department of Health Services Note: Does not include those not treated in hospital facilities, and does
not include those treated in federal facilities, e.g. VA hospitals and Indian hospitals.33
FIREARM INJURIES
Ages 15 - 19 ● Arizona ● 2009
29048240Total
240(2 unknown gender)
36202Nonfatal [by discharge diagnosis]
501238Fatal [by death certificate]
TotalFemalesMales
Arizona Department of Health Services Note: Does not include those not treated in hospital facilities, and does
not include those treated in federal facilities, e.g. VA hospitals and Indian hospitals.34
Nonfatal Firearm Injuries
United States
2009
Number of Injuries Population Rate per 100,000
66,769 307,006,550 21.75
78,622 304,059,724 25.87
Report is for all ages, including those of unknown age.
Produced by: Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury
Prevention and Control, CDC
Data Source: NEISS All Injury Program operated by the Consumer Product Safety
Commission for numbers of injuries. Bureau of Census for population estimates.
35
2008
Comparison:
Nonfatal Firearm Injuries in U.S. *
2009
Number of Patients (Emergency Room
Ages Discharges and Hospitalized Survivors)
0 – 4 238
5 – 9 91
10 – 14 618
Total <15 947
15 – 19 13,061
Total <20 14,008
*(Does not include patients not seen in emergency departments or hospitals)
Source for Data: Centers for Disease Control – Web-based Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System36
Adolescent Nonfatal Firearm Injury
Number and Rate per 100,000
2009 ● United States ● Ages 15 to 19
Ages 15 – 19: 13,061
Population: 21,537,837
Rate : 60.64
• Produced by: Office of Statistics and Programming, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, CDCData Source: NEISS All Injury Program operated by the Consumer Product Safety Commission for numbers of injuries. Bureau of Census for population estimates.
United
States
37
Personal Gun Ownership in the U.S.
21.622.327.228.730.729not
asked
not
asked
% of
Individuals
20062000199619901985198019751972Year
Source: National Opinion Research Center’s General Social Survey, University of Chicago
38
Household Gun Ownership in the U.S.
34.534.343.445.848.150.85449.1% of
Households
20062000199619901985198019751972Year
Source: National Opinion Research Center’s General Social Survey, University of Chicago
39
Percent of Households & Persons with Guns in the U.S.According to Gallup Surveys
Source: Gallup
40
2000 2005 2007 2008 2009
44
43
42
41
40
39
37
36
35
34
32
31
30
29
28
27
%
Personal Ownership
Household Ownership
Prevalence Estimates of Adults With Household Firearms,
Loaded Household Firearms, and Loaded and Unlocked
Household Firearms, 2002
4.2%7.0%40.8%Median for
All States
7.6%11.3%36.2%Arizona
Loaded &
Unlocked
LoadedAny
Household
Firearm
CDC Surveillance Study, in Pediatrics Online, Vol.116, 2005
41
19,7702.3%42,0005.3%Median
for All
States
67,9804.4%108,6307.1%Arizona
Estimated #
of Children
Living with
Loaded &
Unlocked
Loaded &
Unlocked
Household
Firearm
Estimated #
of Children
Living with
Loaded
Firearm
Loaded
Household
Firearm
Prevalence of Loaded Firearms, Loaded & Unlocked Firearms Among
Adults with Children Under 18, & Estimated Number of Children Living with
Loaded & Loaded & Unlocked Firearms, in 2002
CDC Surveillance Study, in Pediatrics Online, Vol.116, 2005
42
Take-Home Message
• Firearm deaths and injuries are a major public health problem for Arizona children & teens.
• Homicide & suicide are among the leading causes of death in children under age 21, and firearm accidents cause many serious childhood injuries in Arizona.
• All who keep firearms at home should lock them up in a secure manner.
• No one need put children in jeopardy of firearm tragedy.
• Specific information on securing and storing firearms can be found at www.afipc.org.
• If you need to remove a firearm from your home, call our firearm turn-in number: (480) 946-1971.
43