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Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 1
National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark
PM pollution in Denmark
Finn Palmgren, Thomas Ellermann and Peter Wåhlin
National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark
Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 2
National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark
PM sources in Denmark
• The main local sources to PM in Denmark are road traffic and wood stoves.
• The permit system applied to all point sources in Denmark makes non-compliance with the limit values very unlikely.
• European emissions (including ships) of gases and particles contribute significantly to the PM pollution in Denmark
Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 3
Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser
N
B a c k g ro u n d N e tw o rk
U rb a n N e tw o rk (L M P ) tr a ffic u rb a n b a c k g ro u n d ru ra l
100 km
A alborg
Å rhus
Lille ValbyK øben-havn
O dense
K eldsnor
Monitoring strategy
Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 4
National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark
Levels and trends
• PM10 measurements were introduced in 2001.
• The rural and urban background of PM10 is approx. 20 µg/m3, mainly fine particles.
• The decreasing trends are significant at all traffic sites, except a very busy street in Copenhagen.
Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 5
National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark
Summary of PM measurements 2005
Location Average 36. highest Max.Traffic:Copenhagen/1257 33 53 110Århus/6153 29 45 83Odense/9155 34 55 140Aalborg/8151 33 49 189
Urban background:Copenhagen/1259 23 37 67Århus/6159 24 39 112Odense/9159 27 43 79Aalborg/8159 25 39 88
Rural background:Ll. Valby/2090 25 40 69Keldsnor/9055 26 37 63Limit value 40 50 -
PM10 (gravimetric)
Location Average 36. highest
Traffic:Copenhagen/1103 15 22
Urban backgr.:Copenhagen/1259 11 18
Rural:Lille Valby/2090 11 16
PM2.5 (TEOM)
Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 6
National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark
PM2.5 in street and urban background
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Street Urban background
PM
2.5 (
µg/m
3 )
Exhaust
Brakes
Road, tires etc.
Road salt
Secondaryorganic+onknownPrimary non-traffic
Secondary inorganic
Natural (soil, sea etc)
Source contribution (schematic)
• The local contribution is small in urban background.
• Secondary organic + unknown contributions are very uncertain.
Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 7
National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark
PM 2.5 trend stree t
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
PM
2.5 (
µg
/m3 )
Exhaust
Brakes
Road dust
Road salt
Secondaryorganic+unknownPrimary non-traffic
Secondary inorganic
Natural
PM2.5 trend urban background
0
5
10
15
20
25
2000 2005 2010 2015 2020
PM
2.5 (
µg
/m3 )
Traffic urban background
Secondaryorganic+unknown
Primary non-traffic
Secondary inorganic
Natural
• Assessment of trends related to the new EU-directive on PM2.5
• EMEP emission data are used for assessment of secondary inorganic PM.
• EURO norms are used for assessment of exhaust emssions from traffic.
• Other emissions are assumed constant.
Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 8
National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark
SvovldioxidPartikulært sulfat Ammoniak
Partikulært ammonium
Kvælstof-dioxid
Partikulært nitrat og salpetersyre
% % % % % %Anholt 77 34 -55 21 54 21Frederiksborg 70 30 -39 21 32 18Keldsnor 44 24 -21 16 23 16Lindet 41 25 -8 18 16 16Tange 44 25 -9 21 15 18Ulborg 48 25 -9 20 20 18København, bybaggrund 62 29 -41 20 20 18
Contributions from ships
SO2 Part. S NH3 Part. amm. Nitrogen Part. N
Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 9
National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark
PM2.5 contributions in Copenhagen (urban background) from ships
All sources Without ships Fraction from ships
µg/m3µg/m3 %
Primary particles 2.1 1.4 36Particulate S 2.1 1.7 29Particulate amm. 1.4 1.1 20Particulate N 1.7 1.4 18Others 12.4 12.4 0Total 20.0 18.0 10
Finn Palmgren et al. TFMM PM Workshop, Paris 2006 10
National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark
Thank you!