Final Report(3)

8/4/2019 Final Report(3)

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ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

END TERM ASSIGNMENT

Submitted By:

Isha Bhatnagar

Roll No.: 41/2011

PGDM (Finance)

Section C


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ABRAHAM LINCOLN

History

Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) was the 16th President of the United States, serving from

March 1861 until his assassination in 1865. He led the country through a great constitutional,

military and moral crisis, the American Civil War, preserving the Union while ending slavery

and promoting economic and financial modernization. Reared in a poor family on the western

frontier, Lincoln was mostly self-educated. He became a country lawyer, an Illinois state

legislator, and a one-term member of the United States House of Representatives, but failed

in two attempts at a seat in the United States Senate. After deftly opposing the expansion of

slavery in the United States in his campaign debates and speeches, Lincoln secured the

Republican nomination and was elected president in 1860.

Leadership Style

Abraham Lincolns story is one of the most told stories in American history. He served as

president in an incredibly unsettled time. He had victories, and he had defeats. He did thingswell, and he did things poorly. In the process, he demonstrated some great leadership traits.

1. Capacity to Listen to Different Points of ViewLincoln had the capacity to listen to different points of view. He created a climate

where Cabinet members were free to disagree without fear of retaliation. At the same

time, he knew when to stop the discussion and after listening to the various opinions,

make a final decision.

2. Ability to Learn on the JobLincoln was able to acknowledge errors, learn from them, and then move. In this way,

he established a culture of learning in his administration.

3. Ready Willingness to Share Credit for SuccessIn response to concerns expressed by friends about the actions of some of his Cabinet

members, Lincoln stated that the "path to success and ambition is broad enough for

two. When there was success, Lincoln shared the credit with all of those involved.


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4. Ready Willingness to Share Blame for FailureWhen mistakes were made by members of his Cabinet, Lincoln stood up for them.

When contracts related to the war effort raised serious questions about a member of

his administration, Lincoln spoke up and indicated that he and his entire Cabinet were

to blame.

5. Awareness of Own WeaknessesOne of the weaknesses acknowledged by Lincoln was his tendency to give people too

many chances and because he was aware, he was able to compensate for that

weakness. As an example, when George McClellan, the then Commander in Chief of

the Union Army, refused to follow directives about the war effort, Lincoln eventually

set a deadline and also removed McClellan from the position.

6. Ability to Control EmotionsLincoln treated those he worked with well. However, he did get angry and frustrated,

so he found a way to channel those emotions. He was known to sit down and write

what he referred to as a "hot letter" to the individual he was angry with and then he

would set the letter aside and not send it. If he did lose his temper, Lincoln would

follow up with a kind gesture or letter to let the individual know he was not holding a

grudge.

7. Know How to Relax and ReplenishLincoln understood the importance of relaxation and humour to shake of the stress of

the day and to replenish himself for the challenges of the next day. Lincoln had a

wonderful sense of humour and loved to tell funny stories. He encouraged a healthy

atmosphere of laughter and fun in his administration. He also enjoyed going to the

theatre and spending time with friends.

8. Go Out into the Field and Manage DirectlyDuring the Civil War, many soldiers died and there were many ups and downs.

Lincoln established lasting connections with the troops by visiting the battlefield and

hospitals, which also helped bolster morale. Lincoln also spent time talking with

members of the public, taking 'public opinion baths'. He held public receptions andmade a point of shaking everyone's hand and speaking to each individual.

9. Strength to Adhere to Fundamental GoalsIn the summer of 1964, the war was not going well for the North. Members of his

political party came to Lincoln and said that there was no way to win the war and he

might need to compromise on slavery. Lincoln held firm on the issue of slavery and

turned away from this advice.


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10.Ability to Communicate Goals and VisionLincoln had a "remarkable ability to communicate his goals to his countrymen". He

made concepts simple and communicated with an understanding of the concerns of

the citizens.

When the war ended and he won re-election, Lincoln did not focus on his

achievements said Kearns Goodwin. Rather, in his second inaugural speech, Lincoln

focused on bringing the country together as expressed in the following excerpt. " With

malice toward none, with charity for all, ? let us strive on to finish the work we are in,

to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for

his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting

peace among ourselves and with all nations."

Having read about the leadership style of Abraham Lincoln, we can come to believe that hisleadership ideology finds strong correlation with the following Leadership Theories:

Relationship Theories:Relationship theories, also known as transformational theories, focus upon the

connections formed between leaders and followers. Transformational leaders motivate

and inspire people by helping group members see the importance and higher good of

the task. These leaders are focused on the performance of group members, but also

want each person to fulfil his or her potential. Leaders with this style often have high

ethical and moral standards.

Participative Theories:Participative leadership theories suggest that the ideal leadership style is one that

takes the input of others into account. These leaders encourage participation and

contributions from group members and help group members feel more relevant and

committed to the decision-making process. In participative theories, however, the

leader retains the right to allow the input of others.


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BILL GATES

History

William Henry "Bill" Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate,philanthropist, author and chairman of Microsoft, the software company he founded with

Paul Allen. He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people and was the

wealthiest overall from 1995 to 2009, excluding 2008, when he was ranked third. During his

career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and

remains the largest individual shareholder, with more than 8 percent of the common stock. He

has also authored or co-authored several books.

Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution. Although

he is admired by many, a number of industry insiders criticize his business tactics, which they

consider anti-competitive, an opinion which has in some cases been upheld by the courts. In

the later stages of his career, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavours,

donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research

programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000.

Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000. He remained as

chairman and created the position of chief software architect. In June 2006, Gates announced

that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work, and full-

time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He gradually transferred his duties to Ray

Ozzie, chief software architect, and Craig Mundie, chief research and strategy officer. Gates'

last full-time day at Microsoft was June 27, 2008. He remains at Microsoft as non-executive

chairman.

Leadership Style

Bill Gates is a visionary man who uses that gift to advance technology and extend the

boundary of what software and machines can do. As a result of his work, he had widelyinfluenced many people; and along the line he became the true entrepreneur

1. Success comes with a Great VisionEvery business and household must have a computer and must run Microsoft

software, was the basic guiding vision of Bill Gates. When everyone in the world

was not even aware of the software industrys future here was a man who trusted on

his gut feel and passion decided to take the vision the farthest possible way. He was

almost there achieving his vision. This clear vision of him won him several laurels

and went to be the richest person in the world for 13 continuous long years.


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2. Failures are learning lessons:Bill Gates was never afraid of losing and went on to win a lot of deals because of this.

While the Microsoft windows operating system is the widely used in the world, there

are a good number of criticisms and unhappiness about the software among the users.

While many of them used to get bugged using Microsoft products, Bill Gates did noteasily give up. He took all those as nice lesson and is improving every single day.

When critics were talking about infringement of laws by Bill Gates, he struck on and

was giving the best the employees and the users of Microsoft Software products.

3. Higher the Self Esteem the better it getsWhen you start achieving something big, there will be people who would want to

make fun of your efforts, pull you down and so on. The stronger you stand the bolder

you get the faster these negatives wither.

When IBM pulled out of the contract for the operating system to be bundled with the

IBM Clone PCs, Bill Gates stayed on and started focusing on the creating Windows

amidst lots of hiccups that will hamper the company. Inventing the MS Access

database system was a relevant owing to the failure of the Omega Database with IBM.

He saw an opportunity at every single place that helped him to achieve greatest

heights. He did not allow others to deter him by inventing many thins to the public

and still reaching his top most Goals and vision.

4. Opportunity knocks onceBill Gates took up the responsibility of being the Chief Software Architect; Bill Gates

was nurturing Microsoft by building a broad range of products. This was not just

capitalizing on the knowledge but provide the best by understanding the need of the

people. He did not sit back and wait for people to ask what they wanted and instead

made a revolution of creating an opportunity for himself and his company by

innovating. He did not sit and do something that anyone could, but he took the reins

into his hands to almost single handedly take Microsoft to this great heights.

5. Action Speaks LouderThis is one never mentioned secret of success. We must have that emotional strength

in us to take action. Bill Gates as a small young boy never had anything to lose

which he kept telling his good friend Paul Allen. When he had several odds again

him such as the American Law and several cases against him, he still consistently

took action by developing more software which the people wanted. This made him a

super star overnight. If not for Bill Gates, Microsoft would have not seen the light

today of what it gets. This was because of his constant delivery of ideas to his Goals

and vision.


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6. Trust- An unwritten rule for great leadership wisdomRight from the beginning at Microsoft, Bill Gates was very open to the ideas. This he

also proved later when Steve Balmer stepped into the shoes of Bill Gates and became

the CEO of the company. He always believed that there is no end to learning from

people, from books and so on.

7. Success must never get on to the headThis is by far the best lesson what we learn from Bill Gates. At a tender age of 21,

Bill Gates had achieved many a things including having money and fame. This did

not allow him to stop achieving and always had the drive to achieve great heights.

8. Giving back to society:The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation has provided a new dimension to

philanthropy by addressing issues that are global in nature - malaria, cancer, AIDS.Feeling good by doing good may appear old-fashioned but this may yet be the best

way forward in combating diseases that kill or maim millions of people every year.

With friend and legendary investor Warren Buffet also joining hands, a formidable

combination has been forged. Bill Gates has shown a remarkable degree of

consistency both in his business goals and in his goals in philanthropy - he is a global

citizen.


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Characteristic Extent to which the same is

seen in me

Improvisations needed

ABRAHAM LINCOLN

Open to new Ideas 4Learning while performing 3

Willing to share the Credit 4

Willing to share the Blame 4

Awareness of own

weakness

2

Ability to Control Emotions 2

Adherence to fundamental

Goals

3

Communication Skills 3

BILL GATES

Great Vision

Acceptance of Failure

High Self Esteem

Opportunistic

Humility

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