Comparative Study of Commercial

Broiler, Brown Cock and Sonali for the

Meat Purposes in Savar Upazilla Under

Dhaka District

A Production Report Submitted by:

Intern ID: A-08

Roll No. : 2005/08

Reg. No. : 200

Session: 2004-2005

AS THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE DEGREE

OF

DOCTOR OF VETERINARY MEDICINE (DVM)

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,

Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University,

Khulshi, Chittagong - 4202.

February, 2011.

Comparative Study of Commercial Broiler, Brown Cock and Sonali for the Meat Purposes in Savar Upazilla Under

Dhaka District

A Production Report Submitted as Per Approved Style and Content

Signature of Author

Name: Md. Murshidul Ahsan

Intern ID: A-08

Roll No. : 2005/08

Reg. No. : 200

Session: 2004-2005

Signature of Supervisor

Name: Meherunnesa Chowdhury SumyDesignation: Lecturer

Department of Basic and Social ScienceChittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences

UniversityKhulshi, Chittagong - 4202.

Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University

Khulshi, Chittagong - 4202.

February, 2011.

CONTENTS

Chapter Topics Page No.

Acknowledgement i

Acronyms used ii

Abstract iii

I Introduction 01-03

II Review of literature 04-05

III Methodology of the study 06-10

IV Result and discussion 11-17

V Problems of farming 18-19

VI Conclusion and recommendation 20-21

VII References 22-25

Appendix 26-27

-: List of the Tables:-

Table no. Title Page No.

1 Production performances of three birds in the study area 11

2 Comparison of per bird cost (Tk.) in the study area 14

3 Comparison of per bird return and profit in the study area 16

4 Problems faced by the poultry farmers of Savar Upazilla under Dhaka District 18

-: List of the Figures:-

Figure no. Title Page

No.

1 Location of the study area 07

2 Photograph of fill up questionnaire 09

3 Photograph of Commercial Broiler 10

4 Photograph of Brown Cock 10

5 Photograph of Sonali 10

-: List of the Graphs:-

Graph No. Title

PageNo.

1. Comparative relation of feed intake and body weight gain of three birds. 12

2. Comparison of FCR among three birds 13

3. Comparison of BCR of three birds 17

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

At the inception, I wish to acknowledge the immeasurable grace and profound

kindness of the Almighty Allah, the supreme ruler of universe without whose desire I

could not conclude this report.

In planning, conducting and completing the study, I express my deep sense of

gratitude and profound regard to honorable supervisor Meherunnesa Chowdhury

Sumy, Lecturer, Department of Basic and Social Science, Chittagong Veterinary and

Animal Sciences University, Chittagong.

I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and heartfelt appreciation to Md.

Ashraf Ali Biswas, Associate Professor & Director (External Affairs), Department of

Animal Science and Animal Nutrition, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences

University for his encouragement to establish a research career and given scope to

work at one of the Poultry belt areas of Bangladesh for conducting this study.

I would like to express my deep sense of gratitude and heartfelt appreciation to

Professor Dr. Abdul Matin Prodhan, Dean, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,

Chittagong Veterinary & Animal Sciences University.

I am expressing my thanks and gratitude to Dr. Forhadul Alam, ULO, Savar, Dhaka

and Dr. Sahnewaz Ali, Lecturer, OTI, Savar, Dhaka and Dr. Taslima, Additional

Veterinary Surgeon, HPAI Active Surveillance Programme Bangladesh, FAO of the

UN and Gopal & Sheuli, Field Worker, HPAI Active Surveillance Programme

Bangladesh, FAO of the UN for their kind help, co-operation and inspiration in field

survey at Savar upazilla, Dhaka.

I express my boundless gratitude and deepest appreciation to my dear father, mother

and brother for their encouragement, sacrifice and well wishes thorough out the whole

academic life. Finally, I express my best wishes and warmest sense of gratitude to all

of my friends in home and abroad. I’m immensely grateful to all of them, although it

is not possible to mention every one by name.

The Author:

І ACRONYMS USED

BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics

BCR Benefit Cost Ratio

BLRI Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute

DLS Directorate of Livestock Services

DFID Department for International Development

FAO Food and Agriculture Organization

FCR Feed Conversion Ratio

GDP Gross Domestic Product

Gm Gram

GOB Government of Bangladesh

Kg Kilogram

NGO Non Government Organization

OIE Office International des Epizooties’

SD Standard Deviation

Tk Taka

WB World Bank

WHO World Health Organization

ІІ

Ahsan, M.M. (2011). Comparative Study of Commercial Broiler, Brown Cock and Sonali for the

Meat Purposes in Savar Upazilla Under Dhaka District.

Abstract

The study was conducted with comparison of Commercial Broiler, Brown Cock and

Sonali for the meat purposes. A total of 63 poultry farms from Savar Upazilla of

Dhaka district of Bangladesh were randomly selected during the study period through

survey method.

The finding of the study revealed that the FCR of three birds were 1.723±0.130,

2.490±0.024 and 2.775±0.101 respectively at 30-35 days, 50-55 days and 55-60 days.

The superior FCR found in Commercial Broiler due to its superior genetic

conformation. Inferior FCR found at Sonali Bird. The highest total production cost

per bird Tk. 189.709±13.354 found in Commercial Broiler and lowest found in Sonali

among three birds Tk. 106.286±3.314. The highest per bird profit is Tk.

26.434±10.798 found at Commercial Broiler. Lowest per bird profit Tk.10.812±3.128

found in Sonali. The highest Benefit cost ratio (BCR) found in Brown Cock is 1.22

and it is most profitable among three Birds. BCR of Commercial Broiler is 1.14 which

is next to profit earning bird. Lowest BCR found in Sonali is 1.10 and it is less

profitable among three Birds.

This study also revealed that the poultry farmers faced various types of problems such

as high price of feeds, high price of Commercial Broiler day old chick and non

availability of day old chicks of Brown Cock and Sonali in proper starting time of

farming according to the market demand.

Key words: Commercial Broiler, Brown Cock, Sonali, FCR, profitability

ІІІ

CHAPTER-I

1. INTRODUCTION

Poultry meat is the fastest growing component of global meat production,

consumption and trade, with developing and transition economies playing a leading

role in the expansion. World poultry meat increased nearly eightfold between 1961-

2001. (Regmi, 2001). Commercial broiler production contributes about 86% to total

poultry meat production worldwide, leaving other birds far behind. (Executive Guide

to World Poultry Trends, 2002). The total poultry population in year 2002 is

estimated to be 211.4 million (Howlider, 1999).World-wide, poultry meat and egg

production accounts for more than 30% of all animal protein (Permin and Pedersen,

2000). The International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI, 2000) has estimated

that by year 2015 poultry will be account for 40 percent of all animal protein.

In Bangladesh poultry is a substantial contributor to food supply and poultry industry

is one of the rapidly developing industries in the livestock sector of the country.

Bangladesh is considered as one of the most appropriate countries in the world for

poultry production. The revolution in poultry industry has achieved more than 200

percent growth last 5 years though they are facing scarcity of efficient or skilled

workforce, mainly because of new technology, using locally available feed

ingredients, breeding, hatching and other inputs (Samsuddoha and Sohel, 2008).

In Bangladesh broiler farming is recognized as a profitable business and getting

popularity as employment opportunities are being created among rural people, traders,

support serviceman and other business people. As developing country poverty,

unemployment and nutrition are the major problems. Over 80% of the country’s

people live in the rural sector and highly dependent on agricultural system that is

finely attuned to a tropical monsoon climate. The Human Development Repots-2005

of UNDP indicates that the total population in Bangladesh is 14.18 crore at an annual

growth rate of 1.7%. The per capita income is only US$ 476 (BBS 2006) and the

percentage of literacy is around 51.6% (BBS2006, BANBEIS). A major portion

(44%) of the population of Bangladesh lives below absolute poverty line and the

number of landless poor has been increasing by 3.4% per annum (BBS, 2000). About

47.5% people receive less than 1900 calorie per person per day as against the standard

2300 calories (HDI, UNDP 1996). The current production of all types of meat

provides only 10.44% of total meat requirement of the country while eggs meet

24.04% of the requirement (Rahman, 2003). Consumption of animal protein is only

17.3 grams (BBS, 1998) per capita per day as against the standard requirement of 36.0

grams as recommended by UNO ( Ahmaed and Islam, 1985). According to DLS

(2007) meat requirement is 120 gm/day/head and 6.26 metric tonnne/year. But our

achievement is only 20 gm/day/head and 1.04 million metric tonne/year. And egg

requirement is 104 pieces/head/year but we getting 40 pieces/head/year. So we can

see that the production cannot cope at with the high demand by our native chicken.

Given this context, poultry raising particularly broiler raising appears to be a good

way of meeting the protein gap. Income elasticity of demand for chicken meat is very

high (Raha, 2003). The share of poultry in the animal protein of human diet is

estimated to be 30% (DLS, 1995).

A large number of energetic men and women are coming forward to undertake broiler

farming as a means of self employment. For the development of sound, healthy and

imaginative people, supply of huge amount of animal protein is essential. Broiler can

efficiently and rapidly meet the huge requirement of protein as it can be produced

within shortest possible time. Moreover, of all types of meat chicken meat is the most

popular to all irrespective of religion. All these factors induce rapid growth of poultry

farming in the different parts of the country. The numbers of farms are increased by

more than 26 times in 2001-2002 as compared to that of 1994-95. Broiler contributes

nearly 24% of total meat production in Bangladesh (Raha, 2005).

Poultry meat is the most popular to all irrespective of religion in whole world. But

sometimes the evaluation of poultry can be affected by some socio-cultural events or

activities such as special banquets for family distinguished guests, gifts, cocks as

alarm clock for the villagers; religious ceremonies using cocks as offering to the

deities; marginal practices where eggs are widely used. Black feathered chickens are

favored by some communities for casting away bad spirits or in traditional human

medicine where white-feathered chickens tend to be more involved in medical cures.

(Gueye, 1998). Though white-feathered broilers are dominate world poultry meat

production owing to their rapid growth and high feed efficiency. However,

consumers’ preference for color-feathered and slow-growing meat -type quality

chickens is growing in certain regions of the world. The appearance (plumage, skin,

combs and so on), meat flavor, and meat texture are the main attributes that attract

customers to purchase those (Yang and Jiang, 2005).

Now-a-days in Bangladesh color-feathered Brown Cock (Brown Cocks are male

birds of different commercial layer strain which are separated in the hatchery at

day old by sexing. Cock is not important in commercial egg production.) and

cross breed Sonali (Fayoumi x Rhode Island Red) rearing on ad libitum feeding

basis for meat purpose like Commercial Broiler (strain) also getting popular beside

with White-feathered Commercial Broiler for their color-feathered and slow growing

capacity. Generally Commercial Broiler reared 30-35 days where Brown Cock reared

50-55 days and Sonali reared 55-60 days. Sonali is mostly chosen for their looking

appearance like Deshi (Local) chicken, colored-feathered and slow growing.

Sometimes it is sold as Deshi Chicken by cheat traders to consumers. Because Deshi

chickens are popular for its palatability, aged meat texture and flavor to the consumers

and price of Deshi chicken is higher than any other chicken of the market. Frands

Dolberg reported (2008) that in the market the Sonali goes as a local chicken with the

associated premium price. Brown Cock is mostly popular for roasting purpose. In

urban or rural areas, any great festival of either religion or social origin is

unimaginable without roasted chicken. People think that it is a great dishonour not to

serve roast chicken at a festival (Shamsuddoha et al,.2008).

Thus it is important to make a comparative analysis among Commercial Broiler,

Brown Cock and Sonali Chicken for the meat purpose, because no systemic study has

yet been under taken to determine the comparative discussion among these three

chickens which will be beneficiary for poultry industry of Bangladesh. It will give

them the insight on the relative profitability of these three Birds.

The objectives of the present study are:

(i) To estimate per batch production of three birds.

(ii) To compare profitability of three birds for the meat purposes.

(iii) To explore the possible constraints in production and marketing of

three birds.

(iv) To suggest possible recommendations

CHAPTER-II2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Akhtar-Uz-Zaman ( 2002) reported that Sonali is the crossbred of RIR (male) ×

Fayoumi (female). They have very attractive reddish brown or golden body color to

given perfect name ‘Sonali’. They are developed in1980’s by DLS. This type of

chicken can easily be reared both in scavenging and semi-scavenging system at rural

environment, they are disease resistant and have an ability to produce about 200 eggs

per year. Their body weight is approximately 1.8 kg.

Azharul et al. (2005) found higher meat yield in crossbred RIR×Fayoumi (Sonali)

compared with pure Fayoumi breed.

Ali and Bala (2005) reported that feed intake in Commercial Broiler at 42 days

3370±49.75 gm in summer season and 3170±25 gm at winter season at Open house

system and 3579±34.13 gm in summer season and 3125±30.46 gm at Tunnel house.

They mentioned that body weight gain in Commercial Broiler at 42 days 1502±6.45

gm in summer season and 1478±15.90 gm at winter season at Open house system and

1759±27.35 gm in summer season and 1665±13.23 gm at Tunnel house. They also

reported that FCR in Commercial Broiler at 42 days 2.32±0.03 in summer season and

2.22±0.01 at winter season at Open house system and 2.08±0.02 in summer season

and 1.93±0.003 at Tunnel house.

Saleque (2007) stated that only 5% of the poultry meat consumed in Bangladesh was

processed in a modern slaughter house.

Saleque (2007) demonstrated that dressed broiler price were 75, 85, 105 and 116

BDT/Kg in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006 respectively.

Shamsuddoha and Shoel (2008) reported according to Poultry Business Directory

the price of Day Old Broiler Chick is Tk.25.61 in winter season.

Frands Dolberg reported (2008) that in the market the Sonali goes as a local chicken

with the associated premium price.

Raihan and Mahmud (2008) reported by sample survey at Gazipur district that

production cost of per Kg poultry meat is Tk.63.10 and before 5 years it was Tk.47.50

and before 10 years it was Tk.28 only. They also mentioned that profit of per Kg

poultry meat is Tk.10.78 and before 5 years it was Tk.11.50 and before 10 years it

was Tk.21.25.

Shamsuddoha and Sohel (2008) reported that lack of financial credit; inadequate

modern poultry equipment, inadequate logistic support, lack of adequate poultry

rearing knowledge, absence of government help and guidance etc are problem faced

by the poultry farmers of Bangladesh. Lack of financial credit is the highest problem

of poultry sector and it is 12.45% and inadequate modern poultry equipment is the

second highest problem and it is 11.20%.

CHAPTER ІІІ 3. METHODOLOGY OF THEW STUDY

3.1 Introduction

For any type of investigation, the investigator or researcher has to follow

appropriate guideline i.e. the method, which somehow differs, from one investigation

to another. This method is set in such a way that it must satisfy the objective of the

investigation/research project. However, in any type of investigation, emphasis is

given on the survey method to collecting primary data. Direct observation and

informal discussions with the concerned persons and the farmers supplement this

primary data. The steps followed in the present study are discussed below:

3.1.1 Selection of the study Area

Selection of the study area is an important step in a study. Keeping objectives of the

study in mind, the present study was conducted in Savar Upazilla of Dhaka district.

The main considerations in selecting the study area were as follows:

i. Availability of large number of commercial poultry farms in the study area for

being one of the highest s poultry belt areas of Bangladesh.

ii. Good communication facilities. Since the researcher resides in the Savar, the

conduct of study was less expensive as well as les time consuming.

iii. The author expected high co-operation from the owners of poultry farms.

iv. No study of this type was done previously in this area.

Figure 1: Location of the Study Area

3.1.2 Selection of Sample Size and period of survey

About 63 poultry farms were selected randomly from the Savar Upazilla in

Dhaka district of Bangladesh for collecting primary data through survey method.

Limited time, costs and resources compelled the researcher to study only 63 sample

from a large population among which 21 commercial broiler, 21 Brown Cock and rest

were Sonali farms. The data were collected during the period of 27.06.2010 to

27.08.2010.

3.1.3 Preparation of questionnaire/interview Schedule

The requisite primary data for this study were collected through survey method. For

collecting the necessary data, questionnaire/interview schedule was prepared in the

light to the objectives of the proposed project. The questionnaire was pre-tested and

then finalized. The information to each of the items of the questionnaire/ interview

schedule was assured for correct recording. If any item overlooked and misunderstood

or found contradictory, these was corrected through re-interviewing on the spot. Any

further recommendation/comments were also recorded at the end part of the

questionnaire/ interview schedule. The schedules contained both the open and close-

ended questions.

3.1.4 Collection of Data

Collection of reasonable and reliable data and other necessary information from the

field survey is not an easy task. The success of survey depends on the reliability of

data and therefore, data all possible care to establish rapport with the respondents so

that the respondents did furnish correct data. While interviewing, the aims and

objectives of the study were explained to each owner of the poultry farms. They were

convinced that the study was purely an academic one and was not likely to have an

adverse effect on their business. Thus the primary data were collected. The secondary

data were collected from different published documents such as Survey reports, Five

Year Plans and Statistical Yearbooks. Further, various publications of national and

international organizations like NGO forums, DANIDA, DFID, WB, FAO etc were

collected.

3.1.5 Problems Faced in Collecting Data

In conducting the field survey a number of problems were faced by the author. Some

of them are mentioned below:

i. Most of the owner of poultry farms thought that the investigator was an agent

of the government authority and therefore, they initially did not want to co-

operate with the researcher. In fact they heisted to answer some questions

relating to income and asset, because they were afraid of tax imposition or tax

increase.

ii. Most of the owners of poultry farms still were in fear about the surveillance

program of previous outbreak of Bird Flu.

iii. Another important limitation of survey was the researcher had to depend

solely on the memory of the farm owners for collecting necessary information

because they do not keep written records.

iv. The owners were not available for interview and therefore several visits were

needed to collect relevant information which was often very time-consuming

for the researcher.

v. Literacy of the respondents was great hindrance of data collection. They could

not sometimes answer to question accurately and to the point.

3.1.6 Analytical technique

In the progress of analysis of collected data various statistical tools like weighted

averages, percentages, tables, graphs and diagrams were applied in order to make the

study worthy, informative and useful for the purposes. Benefit-Cost Analysis also

estimated to find out the profitability of the farm owner.

Figure 2: Fill up Questionnaire

Figure 3: Commercial Broiler

Figure 4: Brown Cock

Figure 5: Sonali

CHAPTER-IV

4. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

The result of the comparative study of three Birds are presented in following tables and discussed under subheading:4.1 Production performances of three Birds in the study area

Table-1: Production performances of three Birds in the study area:

Particulars Commercial

Broiler

(Mean±SD)

Brown Cock

(Mean±SD)

Sonali

(Mean±SD)

Flock Size 2257.143±1139.549 1600±699.285 2057.143±1102.530

Performance Parameter

Feed Intake

(gm/Bird)

2890±414.442 1904.524±129.266 1911.905±102.841

Body

Weight/Bird

(gm)

1662.381±162.231 763.810±36.875 688.810±102.841

FCR 1.723±0.130 2.490±0.024 2.775±0.101

Source: Field Survey, 2010

4.1.1. Flock SizeThe Table-1 shows that the flock size of Commercial Broiler is 2257.143±1139.549,

Brown Cock is 1600±699.285 and Sonali is 2057.143±1102.530. The flock sizes of

three types of birds are limited into small scale and very few are medium scale.

Highest flock size variation found in Commercial Broiler. Lowest flock size is found

in Brown cock. Probably this is due to not availability of chick and fear of getting

proper market demand. Large scale farm size is totally absent among all three types of

birds. It is due to absence of Poultry Meat Processing Industry and lack of investing

tendency of Poultry Industrialist in Commercial Meat Production instead of

Commercial chick production. Only one exception found in case of Kazi Farms

Group Limited at Gazipur. Saleque (2007) stated that only 5% of the poultry meat

consumed in Bangladesh was processed in a modern slaughter house.

4.1. 2. Feed Intake

Feed intake of Commercial Broiler, Brown Cock and Sonali are 2890±414.442 gm,

1904.524±129.266 gm and 1911.905±102.841 gm respectively at 30-35 days, 50-55

days and 55-60 days. The feed intake is highest in Commercial Broiler though it is

rear only 30-35 days. Lowest feed intake found at Brown Cock. There are small feed

intake difference between Brown Cock and Sonali. Ali and Bala (2005) found in

Commercial Broiler at 42 days 3370±49.75 gm in summer season and 3170±25 gm at

winter season at Open house system. They also found 3579±34.13 gm in summer

season and 3125±30.46 gm at Tunnel house.

4.1. 3. Body Weight gain

Body weight gain of Commercial Broiler, Brown Cock and Sonali are

1662.381±162.231 gm, 763.810±36.875 gm and 688.810±102.841 gm at 30-35 days,

50-55 days and 55-60 days respectively. The Body Weight gain is highest in

Commercial Broiler though it is rear only 30-35 days. It is found lowest at Sonali.

This is due to superior genetic conformation at Commercial Broiler. Ali and Bala

(2005) found in Commercial Broiler at 42 days 1502±6.45 gm in summer season and

1478±15.90 gm at winter season at Open house system. They also found 1759±27.35

gm in summer season and 1665±13.23 gm at Tunnel house. Azharul et al. (2005)

found higher meat yield in crossbred RIR×Fayoumi (Sonali) compared with pure

Fayoumi breed.

Aktaruzzaman (2002) reported that the body weight of Sonali is approximately 1.8

Kg. at its mature age.

Graph-1: Comparative Relation of Feed Intake and Body Weight Gain of Three

Birds

4.1. 4. Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR)

Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) of Commercial Broiler, Brown Cock and Sonali are

1.723±0.130, 2.490±0.024 and 2.775±0.101 at 30-35 days, 50-55 days and 55-60 days

respectively. The superior FCR found in Commercial Broiler due to its superior

genetic conformation. Inferior FCR found at Sonali Bird. Ali and Bala (2005) found

in Commercial Broiler at 42 days 2.32±0.03 in summer season and 2.22±0.01 in

winter season at Open house system. They also found 2.08±0.02 in summer season

and 1.93±0.003 in winter season at Tunnel house.

Graph-2: Comparison of FCR among Three Birds

4.2: Cost per Bird in the study area

Table-2: Comparison of per bird cost (Tk.) in the study area

Particulars Commercial

Broiler

(Mean±SD)

Brown Cock

(Mean±SD)

Sonali

(Mean±SD)

Fixed Inputs

(Housing &

Instruments)

12.952±1.224 12.667±1.339 12.095±1.479

Chick Cost 71.714±2.194 16.738±4.021 16.042±1.923

Feed Cost 89.590±12.848 57.136±3.878 57.405±3.154

Other Variables

Cost (Medicine,

Labor, Litter,

15.452±1.011 22.786±1.586 20.786±1.855

Electricity, Water

& Miscellaneous)

Total Production

Cost

189.709±13.354 110.136±4.620 106.286±3.314

Feed Cost/Kg Bird 53.731±4.035 74.702±3.305 83.252±3.305

Source: Field Survey, 2010 4.2. 1. Fixed Input

There are no significant differences in fixed input among three birds. Because these

three types Birds are reared in same type invested house and utensils even in same

shade rotation wise according to the season, market demand, availability of chicks and

owner’s capability. Is this study highest fixed input is found in Commercial Broiler

Tk. 12.952±1.224 and lowest in Sonali Bird Tk. 12.095±1.479.

4.2. 2. Chick Cost

Chick costs of three birds are Tk. 71.714±2.194, Tk. 16.738±4.021 and Tk.

16.042±1.923 respectively. It is highest in Commercial Broiler and lowest in Sonali.

But there is no significant difference between Brown Cock and Sonali. Price of

Commercial Broiler chick is the highest because of its highest growth rate and for

being developed as meat type poultry strain where as Sonali is a dual type Bird reared

for both as egg type and meat type in different pattern of housing system and Brown

Cock is the male bird of Layer strain and it is the extra product of the hatchery. All

types of chick cost are reduced during winter season and increased in summer season.

Shamsuddoha and Shoel (2008) reported according to Poultry Business Directory

the price of Day Old Broiler Chick is Tk. 25.61 in winter season.

4.2. 3. Feed Cost

Per bird highest feed cost Tk. 89.590±12.848 found at Commercial Broiler but per Kg

bird highest feed cost Tk. 83.252±3.305 found at Sonali. Per Kg bird lowest feed cost

Tk. 53.731±4.035 found at Commercial Broiler and per bird lowest feed cost Tk.

57.136±3.878 in Brown Cock. It is due to Superior FCR capability at Commercial

Broiler and inferior FCR capability at Brown Cock and Sonali. There is no

significance difference in per bird feed cost between Brown Cock and Sonali.

4.2. 4. Other Variables Cost

Lowest other variables cost Tk. 15.452±1.011 found at Commercial Broiler and

highest at Brown Cock Tk. 22.786±1.586 But Small difference found between Brown

Cock and Sonali. For rearing less number of days other variables cost is lowest in

Commercial Broiler among three birds and it is more for rearing more days in case of

Brown Cock and Sonali.

4.2. 5. Total Production Cost

Highest total production cost per bird Tk. 189.709±13.354 found in Commercial

Broiler and lowest found in Sonali among three birds Tk. 106.286±3.314.

Raihan and Mahmud (2008) reported by sample survey at Gazipur district that

production cost of per Kg poultry meat is Tk. 63.10 and before 5 years it was Tk.

47.50 and before 10 years it was Tk. 28 only.

4.3. Comparable per bird return and profit in the study area

Table-3: Comparison of per bird return and profit in the study area

Particulars Commercial

Broiler

(Mean±SD)

Brown Cock

(Mean±SD)

Sonali

(Mean±SD)

Total Production

Cost

189.709±13.354 110.136±4.620 106.286±3.314

Return from Bird 216.110±21.090 133.833±6.457 117.098±3.968

Tk/Kg* 130 175 170

Net Profit (Tk) 26.434±10.798 23.698±4.122 10.812±3.128

BCR 1.139 1.215 1.101

*Price is variable, most stable price during survey time has been considered.

Source: Field Survey, 2010

4.3.1. Total Return from Each Bird:

Per bird sale price is highest in Commercial Broiler though Tk. per Kg sale price is

lowest in Commercial Broiler among the three birds and it is Tk. 189.709±13.354 and

Tk. 130 respectively. It is due to its higher body weight. Tk. per Kg sale price is

highest in Brown Cock and it is Tk. 175. It is due to its roasting demand, palatability,

aged meat texture and flavor. Saleque (2007) demonstrated that dressed broiler price

were 75, 85, 105 and 116 BDT/Kg in 2003, 2004, 2005 and 2006 respectively.

Per bird sale price is lowest Tk117.098±3.968 found in Sonali though it’s Tk. per Kg

price is close to Brown cock and it is Tk170. This is due to somewhat lower body

weight gain than Brown Cock. Frands Dolberg reported (2008) that in the market the

Sonali goes as a local chicken with the associated premium price.

4.3.2. Profit:

The highest per bird profit is Tk .26.434±10.798 found at Commercial Broiler.

Lowest per bird profit Tk.10.812±3.128 found in Sonali. It is due its inferior FCR and

body weight gain among three birds though it’s Tk. per Kg price is close to Brown

Cock.

Raihan and Mahmud (2008) reported by sample survey at Gazipur district that profit

of per Kg poultry meat is Tk.10.78 and before 5 years it was Tk. 11.50 and before 10

years it was Tk.21.25

4.3.3. Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR):

The highest Benefit cost ratio (BCR) found in Brown Cock is 1.22. So it is most

profitable among three Birds. BCR of Commercial Broiler is 1.14 which is next to

profit earning bird. Lowest BCR found in Sonali is 1.10. So, it is less profitable

among three Birds.

It means that if a farmer invests Tk.1 for each Bird, he/she will get return Tk. 1.14

from Commercial Broiler, Tk. 1.22 from Commercial Broiler and Tk. 1.10 from

Sonali. The value of BCR is found greater than 1 for all types of Birds. So, all Birds

(Commercial Broiler, Brown Cock and Sonali) farming are profitable.

Graph-3: Comparison of BCR of Three Birds

CHAPTER-V

5. PROBLEMS OF FARMING

There are a lot of problems are faced by the all types of poultry farmers

(Commercial Broiler, Brown Cock and Sonali). These problems are listed in the

following table and discussed below:

SL.

No.

Problems No. of

Respondents

Percentage

(%)

Ranks

1. Expensive poultry feed 10 15.87 3

2. High price of day old chick

(DOC)

14 22.22 2

3. Non Availability of DOC 15 23.81 1

4. Electricity 4 6.35 5

5. Disease out break 5 7.94 4

6. Lack of financial credit 1 1.59 8

7. Absence of adequate marketing

knowledge

2 3.17 7

8. Problem getting reasonable price 4 6.35 5

9. Absence of Govt. help and

guidance

2 3.17 7

10. Lack of inadequate poultry

rearing knowledge

2 3.17 7

11. Lack of knowledge about

comparative profitability of three

birds.

3 4.77 6

12. Others 1 1.59 8

Total 63 100

Source: Field Survey, 2010

Table-4: Problems faced by the poultry farmers of Savar Upazilla under Dhaka

District.

Table-4 shows that the highest problem faced by the poultry farmer is the non

availability of day old chick (DOC) and it 23.81%. This problem is mainly

represented the problem of Brown Cock and Sonali farmers. It creates the problem to

the farmers to start their farm in proper time of market demand. Because the market

demand of Brown Cock and Sonali depend on the season than Commercial Broiler.

The second highest problem faced by the poultry farmer is the high price of day old

chick (DOC) and it is 22.22%. It is mainly represented the problem of Commercial

Broiler farmers. The third highest problems of poultry farmers is the expensive

poultry feed and it is 15.87%. It represented the problem of all type of farmers. The

fourth problem is disease outbreak and it is also the common problem of all farmers.

Electricity problem is another common problem of the poultry farmers. The other

problems are lack of knowledge about comparative profitability of three birds,

absence of Govt. help and guidance, lack of inadequate poultry rearing knowledge,

absence of adequate marketing knowledge and lack of financial credit etc.

Shamsuddoha and Sohel (2008) reported that lack of financial credit; inadequate

modern poultry equipment, inadequate logistic support, lack of adequate poultry

rearing knowledge, absence of government help and guidance etc are problem faced

by the poultry farmers of Bangladesh. Lack of financial credit is the highest problem

of poultry sector and it is 12.45% and inadequate modern poultry equipment is the

second highest problem and it is 11.20%.

CHAPTER-VI

6. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 6.1 Conclusion

Poultry Farming on commercial basis for both meat and egg production purposes are

getting more popular day by day. Brown Cock and Sonali farming for the meat

purpose with ad libitum feeding basis like Commercial Broiler given a new dimension

in this enterprise. Broiler meat is one of the important food items of mankind. In

respect of nutrition, poultry meat are excellent source of protein of high biological

values as it contains the most essential amino acids, energy, fat, carbohydrates,

minerals and vitamins which are the most nutritious for human body. Science the

majority people irrespective of casts and religion prefer chickens. Its demands are

high. The poultry birds can be raised throughout the year with less capital and small

area of land. In a shorter period of time it can help to satisfy the multiple economic

needs of the poultry owners.

With the unfavorable land-man ratio accompanied by unexpectedly high rate of

growth of population, agricultural development in Bangladesh has become a

challenging task. The number of disguised unemployed man power in the country is

increasing day by day. A part of these unemployed people can probably be employed

with the poultry business if it is found to be a profitable one.

With specific objectives by in this study I have found that superior growth rate, FCR

and body weight gain in Commercial Broiler other than three birds for being

developed broiler meat strain. Per batch rearing days is also very less in Commercial

Broiler other than two birds. Total production cost per bird is the highest in

Commercial Broiler among three birds and the lowest in Sonali among three birds.

Sale price of Tk. per Kg of Commercial Broiler meat is least than Brown Cock and

Sonali. But sale price of Tk. per Kg meat of Brown Cock and Sonali are

comparatively higher than Commercial Broiler for their aged meat texture, flavor,

color feathered body and roasting demand (Brown Cock). Per bird profit is the highest

in Commercial Broiler and the lowest in Sonali. According to the BCR the highest

profitable bird is Brown Cock and the lowest profitable bird is Sonali. But in year

consideration Brown Cock will be less profitable for requiring more number of

rearing days and less number of batches in a year than Commercial Broiler.

In the study area I have found that farm owners faced various types of problems in

production and marketing of three birds such as high price of feeds, high price of

Commercial Broiler day old chick, non availability of day old chicks in proper

starting time of farming according to the market demand especially for Brown Cock

and Sonali, lack of market information especially for Brown Cock, outbreak of

disease, inadequate knowledge of poultry diet, inadequate credit facilities, lack of

training facility, electricity and lack of knowledge about comparative profitability

among three birds etc. In order to increase profitability of the farms, the problems

should be solved as early as possible.

6.2 Recommendations

The following recommendations may be put forward:

Government should monitor the reasonable price of poultry feed and day old

chicks.

For being very close to the capital city establishment of Modern Poultry Meat

Processing Industry is required for industrialized poultry meat production.

Facilities of the Institutional loan to the owners of poultry farms should be

made so that they can get the credit on easily terms.

Hatcheries should increase the supply of day old chicks.

For proper housing, nutrition, disease control, marketing and management-

DLS should provide short term training for the owners of the poultry farms.

The regular supply of electricity should be ensured.

Government support should be provided to medicine and vaccine producing

Institutions to ensure the availability of the medicine and vaccine in the area.

Price stabilization of the market should be monitored by the government to

ensure the reasonable profitability of the farmers.

CHAPTER-VII

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Appendix Questionnaire on

Comparative Study of Commercial Broiler, Brown Cock and Sonali for the Meat s in Savar Upazilla Under Dhaka District.

General Information about the Owner & the Farm:1. Name of the Owner:………………………………………….2. Name of the Farm:……………………………………………3. Location of the Farm:…………………………………………4. Type of the Farm: Sonali/ Commercial Broiler/ Brown Cock5. Total Flock Size:……………….

Information about Chick:1. Where is the Source of your Chick :……………………….( Hatchery Name) 2. Price of each Day Old Chick (DOC):…………..3. Transport Cost of Chick:…………..4. Given money to the Agent (If given):…………5. How many days will you rear it?.........................Information about Feeding Cost:

1. Source of Feed:……………………………………(Name of Feed Company)2. How many Sacks of starter feed you use?..............................3. How many sacks of Grower feed you use?........................4. How many sacks of finisher feed you use?5. Price of your starter feed per sack:…………………TK6. Price of your grower feed per sack:………………..TK7. Price of your finisher feed per sack:…………………TK

Information about Vaccination:1. What are the Vaccines are given in your Farm ?.................................(Name)2. What are the manufacturer/ source of your given vaccine?.................3. Vaccination Schedule of your Farm:……………………4. Price of the given Vaccine:……………………………

Information about Other Medication & Diseases:1. What are the growth Promoters are used in your Farm?...................2. Price & amount of growth promoter of a flock rearing:…………..

3. What are the WS vitamins & minerals are used in your Farm:……….4. Price & amount of WS vitamins & minerals of a flock rearing:…………

5. Any toxin binder is used in your Farm?6. If yes, tell its name, price & amount of it of a flock rearing:

………………………7. What are the disease out breaks of your Farm?................8. Name of the usable Drugs in Disease Control & Preventions:…………….9. Cost of Drugs in disease control & prevention:…………………………..

Miscellaneous Information:1. Labor Cost of a flock rearing:……… 2. Electricity Cost of a flock rearing:……..3. Foot Bath Cost/ Antiseptic cost:………4. FCR of your Farm:……5. Mortality of your Farm:………

Market Information:1. How will you sale your birds? Wholesale/ Retail2. Transport Cost for marketing:…………..(If Applicable)3. Price of Bird:……………………………(/Kg or / piece)

What is main problem are you facing in farming?………………………………………………………

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