FINAL Juvenile Waiver to Adult Court
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8/14/2019 FINAL Juvenile Waiver to Adult Court
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600 E. Jefferson Street, Suite 308, Rockville, MD 20852 * 301/424-5777 *
To AdultTo AdultCourtsCourtsNew Issues,Growing Concerns,and PotentialSolutions
View From the TrenchesView From the Trenches ::A Practitioners PerspectiveA Practitioners Perspective
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600 E. Jefferson Street, Suite 308, Rockville, MD 20852 * 301/424-5777 *
For more help, information and access to our For more help, information and access to our
source materials, please visit ourpresentationsource materials, please visit ourpresentationwebsite at:website at:http://sites.google.com/a/hooverlaw.com/juvenile-http://sites.google.com/a/hooverlaw.com/juvenile-waivers/Homewaivers/Home
Panelist Panelist Patrick J. Hoover,Patrick J. Hoover,Esq.Esq.
Patrick Hoover Law Offices
Admitted to practice in Maryland and Washington D.C.,concentrating in juvenile law, education law,specialeducation law and criminal defense.
Please visit our website: www.hooverlaw.com .
View From theView From the
TrenchesTrenches ::A Practitioners PerspectiveA Practitioners Perspective
http://www.hooverlaw.com/http://www.hooverlaw.com/http://www.hooverlaw.com/http://www.hooverlaw.com/ -
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600 E. Jefferson Street, Suite 308, Rockville, MD 20852 * 301/424-5777 *
Panel Presentation Website:Panel Presentation Website:
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600 E. Jefferson Street, Suite 308, Rockville, MD 20852 * 301/424-5777 *
Lawyer Critic = Muckraker:Lawyer Critic = Muckraker:
Oppose Waiver of > 200,000 Teens Annually
Prosecuted in U.S.
As practitioner, I speak for teens facing government
prosecution.
As practitioner, I see juvenile court increasingly
marginalized by the over use and systemic abuse of
juvenile waivers .
As practitioner, I see juvenile waivers punish youth onmultiple levels and far beyond the terms envisioned
American definition: Person who investigates andexposes instances of current affairs that violate widely
held values.British definition: Sensationalist scandal-monger, not
driven by any social principles!
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600 E. Jefferson Street, Suite 308, Rockville, MD 20852 * 301/424-5777 *
Explosion of Juvenile WaiverExplosion of Juvenile WaiverLawLaw
Statehouses now scrambling to undothe harm
Harsh juvenile waiver laws reactionary& misguided
Harmful effects to youth irrefutableIncreased suicides, sexual assault andvictimization, recidivism, rates soar,educational and employment/earningspotential destroyed; criminalacculturization inevitable
Every credible body in U.S. calls forreform
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600 E. Jefferson Street, Suite 308, Rockville, MD 20852 * 301/424-5777 *
Explosion of Juvenile WaiverExplosion of Juvenile WaiverLawLaw
Study after study documentsabuse, misuse
Unintended consequences arising
from ill considered laws; oftenpoorly understood effects to youthDevastation to teens far beyond theterms of their sentence
Juvenile Courts harmedProfound assault on policy & intentLawyers, not judges, prevail
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View of a Practitioner:View of a Practitioner:
ehabilitation should trumppunishment except in rareinstances
Prosecutors unfettered and arbitrarydiscretion unhelpful
Criminal courts ill-equipped todecide
Development brain, body &personality
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8/14/2019 FINAL Juvenile Waiver to Adult Court
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How Practitioners ShouldHow Practitioners ShouldUse Research Data inUse Research Data in
Waiver CasesWaiver CasesIs my client competent? Can my clientassist? Can my client be brought to trialand understand?
Studies prove most juveniles
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How Practitioners View theHow Practitioners View theLaw in Waiver CasesLaw in Waiver Cases
Nationally, practitioners must juggle legal and policyinconsistencies within statecounties and between statesNo real consistent guidelines oncriteria prosecution should use indetermining which children are tobe waived to adult court.
In PA, the burden of proof is on the child.
In MD the burden of proof is on the
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How Practitioners View theHow Practitioners View theLaw in Waiver CasesLaw in Waiver Cases
In many jurisdictions, judges have no primarycriteria to consider in determining which childrenare to be waived to adult court
In MD statutory law, judges must consider 5 factors MD statutes are silent regarding most important
factor judges must consider when waiving juvenilesto adult court
MD case law, judges must consider:above all other factors is whether the juvenile is amenable
to treatment
whether it is more probable than not that the juvenile is
unfit for rehabilitationot all MD cour ts are aware of thiscase law.
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How Practitioners Use theHow Practitioners Use theLaw in Waiver CasesLaw in Waiver Cases
Focus of defense case is onamenability to treatment and
personality judgment maturitycapacityPractitioner must have enough evidenceto challenge the prosecutions argument
that the juvenile cannot be rehabilitated Practitioners consider the
seriousness of the crime or theeffects on the victim in the contextof a juvenile clients rehabilitation
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Practitioner SuggestionsPractitioner SuggestionsCourts, prosecutors and juvenile systempersonnel must take seriously brain studiesand development issues when determiningwhether to waive a juvenile
Courts, prosecutors and juvenile systempersonnel should not waive juveniles withoutextensive examination of whether the
juvenile is capable and whether they areamenable to rehabilitation.
Courts, prosecutors and juvenile systempersonnel should not waive cases except invery rare and specific circumstances.
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Practitioners SuggestionsPractitioners SuggestionsIf legislatures create punitive delinquencylaws, courts still have powers through caselaw to establish set guidelines indetermining who should not be waived:
First offenders Nonviolent offenders, such as drug users and
offenders Juveniles who never had rehabilitative options
in the past Juveniles who demonstrate incompetency via
psychological tests and medical studies
Juveniles who demonstrate potential forrehabilitation
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8/14/2019 FINAL Juvenile Waiver to Adult Court
14/17600 E. Jefferson Street, Suite 308, Rockville, MD 20852 * 301/424-5777 *
Assessment andAssessment andEvaluationEvaluation
How can we in the field deal withlegislative inconsistency?
Rely upon facts, science andunderstanding of child development
Utilize older, good case law coming from
juvenile court reform erasThankfully trend is swinging back,courts and legislatures are takinglook at issue of waivers
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Whats Working?Whats Workin g?
Increasing age of juvenile jurisdiction
Increase time period for rehabilitation
16 vs. 24 = 8 years of additionalreform time
Akin to drinking age revision per U.S.Deans
Acknowledges real-world youth timespan
Evidence is clear juveniles requiremany more years of development before becoming adults
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Whats Working?Whats Workin g?
Blended outcomes: Adult sentencingand optional juvenile dispositionsSatisfies all stakeholders
Politically attractive in community
Provides return to juvenile court
Utilization of youthful offender services
Returns decision-making to youth
professionals Juvenile judges, juvenile socialworkers, lawyers trained in juvenilelaw, therapists, educators, counselors.
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8/14/2019 FINAL Juvenile Waiver to Adult Court
17/17600 E Jefferson Street Suite 308 Rockville MD 20852 * 301/424 5777 *
REMINDER: For access to our source materials,REMINDER: For access to our source materials,
please visit our presentation website at:please visit our presentation website at:http://sites.google.com/a/hooverlaw.com/juvenile-http://sites.google.com/a/hooverlaw.com/juvenile-waivers/Homewaivers/Home
First Juvenile Court,Chicago 1899
Conclusion andConclusion and
QuestionsQuestions