Final 'European Mineals Yearbook'

1 WP4 – Mineral Statistics British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, UK

Minerals4EU FP7-NMP.2013.4.1-3

Minerals Intelligence Network for Europe

WP4 Deliverable 4.5 Final European Minerals Yearbook

Title of the project: Minerals Intelligence Network for Europe – Minerals4EU

Grant Agreement number: 608921

Funding Scheme: FP7-NMP-2013: 4.1-3 –CSA (COORDINATING)

Start date: 01.09.2013

Duration: 24 months

Document title: Final European Minerals Yearbook

Workpackage: WP4

Author(s): Teresa Brown (NERC-BGS)

Date of delivery: August 2015

Dissemination level: PU/PP/RE/CO1

Status of the document: Draft/Final

Document location: https://vyvi-some2.vy-verkko.fi/gtk/Minerals4EU/Deliverables

Project web site: http://www.minerals4eu.eu

1 PU=public, PP= Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission Services), RE= Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services), CO= Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services)

https://vyvi-some2.vy-verkko.fi/gtk/Minerals4EU/Deliverables�

http://www.minerals4eu.eu/�



Contents 1 Summary ......................................................................................................................................... 3 2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 4

2.1 Data availability ..................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 Errata ..................................................................................................................................... 7

3 Front pages ...................................................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Accessing the Yearbook from Minerals4EU portal ................................................................ 8 3.2 Yearbook menu page............................................................................................................. 8 3.3 Returning to the yearbook menu page ................................................................................. 9

4 Viewing data ‘by country’ .............................................................................................................. 10 4.1 Production data ................................................................................................................... 10 4.2 Import or export data .......................................................................................................... 12 4.3 Resource or reserve data .................................................................................................... 12 4.4 Exploration data .................................................................................................................. 13 4.5 Waste flow data .................................................................................................................. 14

5 Viewing data for primary minerals ‘by commodity’ ...................................................................... 16 5.1 Production data ................................................................................................................... 16 5.2 Import or export data .......................................................................................................... 20 5.3 Resources or reserves data ................................................................................................. 20 5.4 Exploration data .................................................................................................................. 23

6 Viewing data for mineral-based waste flows ‘by category’ .......................................................... 24 7 Viewing case studies for the supply of secondary raw materials from mineral-based waste ...... 26 8 Contacting the Yearbook compilers .............................................................................................. 28 9 Recommendations for futre development of the Yearbook ......................................................... 29

9.1 General functionality ........................................................................................................... 29 9.2 Specifically for production, imports or exports data .......................................................... 30 9.3 Specifically for resources and reserves data ....................................................................... 30 9.4 Specifically related to exploration data............................................................................... 30 9.5 Specifically related to waste flow data ............................................................................... 30 9.6 Other items .......................................................................................................................... 30 9.7 Recommendations relating to the issues and challenges identified in “Report on

availability of mineral statistics” (Deliverable 4.3) .............................................................. 31



1 Summary

This report describes the final European Minerals Yearbook which represents deliverable 4.5 of the Minerals4EU project, released during August 2015. It is available directly on this link:

http://minerals4eu.brgm-rec.fr/m4eu-yearbook/theme_selection.html

It is also accessible via the Home page of the Minerals4EU Knowledge Data Platform on this link:

http://minerals4eu.brgm-rec.fr/

This report provides guidance to users on the data available in the Yearbook and how to navigate around the digital Yearbook. It also provides some additional notes relevant to the Yearbook and includes the recommendations for the future development of this Yearbook, which were previously published in deliverable 4.3 “Report on the availability of mineral statistics”.

Further information can be found in the documents and reports published on the project website at: www.minerals4eu.eu

This website also has a link to the Minerals4EU Knowledge Data Platform.

http://minerals4eu.brgm-rec.fr/m4eu-yearbook/theme_selection.html�

http://minerals4eu.brgm-rec.fr/�

http://www.minerals4eu.eu/�



2 Introduction Deliverable 4.5 of the Minerals4EU project is the release of the final European Minerals Yearbook and this is available directly on the following weblink:

http://minerals4eu.brgm-rec.fr/m4eu-yearbook/theme_selection.html It is also accessible via the Home page of the Minerals4EU Knowledge Data Platform which is available on this link:

http://minerals4eu.brgm-rec.fr/

Following the release of the draft Yearbook, as deliverable 4.4, the Yearbook underwent a period of extensive testing and a number of items were identified. The vast majority of these items have now been corrected, but there were insufficient staff resources to make a few of the changes suggested. These have been added to the recommendations for the future development of the Yearbook (previously published in deliverable 4.3 “Report on the availability of mineral statistics”) and consequently these recommendations are reproduced at the end of this report. The new European Minerals Yearbook contains the following data types:

• Production data for primary minerals – collected by BGS using long established BGS procedures and a network of contacts with data providers. They were collected by three main ways: writing directly to the data source, often using a ‘questionnaire’; receiving printed or digital publications; and consulting websites or web-based databases.

• Import and export data for primary minerals – purchased in bulk from an agency that

specialises in monitoring trade information. These data are then compared to the United Nations (UN) commodity trade web-database, to Eurostat’s online database, or, in some cases, databases compiled by national statistical offices.

• Resource, reserve and exploration data for primary minerals – collected during the

Minerals4EU project using a survey questionnaire. Data are only available from countries that returned the questionnaires AND where data in those countries are available. No attempts have been made to standardise any of this information with regards to commodity names used, units, or the systems of reporting. These data are therefore presented in the Yearbook exactly as they have been returned on the questionnaire.

• Waste flow data – collated from public sources including the Eurostat waste statistics

database, the Eurostat Comext database and other National databases and publications (from National Environment Agencies, Ministries of Environment, etc).

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• Case studies – utilising publically available datasets to examine the potential for the supply of raw materials from secondary sources for eight mineral commodities. These are accompanied by a full report “The resource potential of secondary raw materials” which is also accessible via the Yearbook.

The following sections represent some outline instructions on how the Yearbook works and includes some screenshots to guide the user.

2.1 Data availability The Yearbook is the most comprehensive compilation of publically-available European minerals information ever attempted. However, despite this, it has not been possible to include every mineral commodity from every country for every data type, for a variety of reasons. The table below is a summary of the availability of data in the Yearbook by data type. Data type Commodities covered Countries covered Production (10 years from 2004 to 2013)

> 65 mineral commodities from aggregates to zirconium are included in the Yearbook. However, production data was not collected for silica or clay. Many countries are not able to separate ‘calcium carbonate’ used for industrial purposes from ‘limestone’ used as an aggregate and as a consequence production data for industrial calcium carbonate are not separately shown. Data for ferro-alloys and sulphur are available but are not included in the first edition. The following commodities were not known to be produced in the European countries covered by the Yearbook during the period 2004 to 2013: beryllium, diamond, gemstones (other than diamond), hafnium, iodine, rare earths, tantalum and niobium, vanadium and vermiculite.

All 40 countries are included in the production data. These are: the Minerals4EU project partners’ countries, the European Union (EU) Member States, EU candidate countries and EU potential candidate countries.

Continued overleaf



Data type Commodities covered Countries covered Trade (imports and exports) (10 years from 2004 to 2013)

> 65 mineral commodities, and many more sub-commodities, from aggregates to zirconium are included in the Yearbook. Trade movements that are small in size may sometimes be excluded. Data for the following commodities are not available due to the limitations of the trade code systems currently in use: gold concentrates, hafnium, indium, lithium concentrates, nepheline syenite, niobium, perlite, platinum group metal concentrates, rhenium, strontium, tellurium, vermiculite and wollastonite. The collection of trade data for the following commodities was not attempted during the project: beryllium, borates, clay, gemstones (other than diamond), germanium, magnesium, selenium, silica and sulphur. Imports and exports of diamonds and some precious metals are incomplete because data for certain countries are only available as a value not a quantity. These have been indicated in the Yearbook in the “by country” section by the addition of an explanatory footnote.

35 of the 40 countries are presented in the first edition. Data for the remaining five countries (Albania, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Greenland, Kosovo and Ukraine) are available but staff resources were insufficient to complete them to the required standard for inclusion in the Yearbook

Resources and Reserves (as at 31 December 2013)

> 65 mineral commodities, from aggregates to zirconium, including statistical data where they were returned in questionnaires, plus metadata and additional information in text form. Data for cement raw materials have been grouped with the figures for “aggregates and related materials” because it is not possible to be certain that all countries have separated these groups of materials consistently. There are a number of commodities where resources and/or reserves are limited or where data are hard to find. These are indicated by the colouring on the maps.

Questionnaires were returned from 33 of the 40 countries (although not all of them contained statistical data). Limited data included for 2 further countries (Turkey and Serbia) obtained via an online search. No information is available for the remaining 5 countries.

Continued overleaf



Data type Commodities covered Countries covered Exploration (During 2013)

> 65 mineral commodities, from aggregates to zirconium, including statistical data where they were returned in questionnaires, plus metadata and additional information in text form. Data for cement raw materials have been grouped with the figures for “aggregates and related materials” because it is not possible to be certain that all countries have separated these groups of materials consistently. Exploration for certain commodities is limited or data are not currently available. These are indicated by the colouration on the maps.

Questionnaires were returned from 29 of the 40 countries. No information is available for the remaining 11 countries.

Waste flows of mineral-based waste (2010 and 2012)

Data only available by category not by commodity. They are not comparable to the data for primary minerals. The categories included in the Yearbook are: Batteries and accumulators; combustion wastes; discarded equipment; discarded vehicles; dredging spoils; glass waste; metal wastes, ferrous; metal wastes, non-ferrous; metal wastes, mixed; mineral waste from construction and demolition; mineral wastes from waste treatment; other mineral wastes.

Full data for 2010 and 2012 are available for 33 of the 40 countries. Data for 2012 only are available for an additional 3 countries. Data for the remaining 4 countries are more limited.

Case studies on the potential of commodities from waste

Aluminium, copper, dysprosium, iron/steel, indium, palladium, platinum, yttrium.

Not applicable.

2.2 Errata Although the Yearbook is as error free as reasonably practical, the following have been noted since its publication in August 2015: Slovakia, resources of feldspar in the “probable (Z2)” category, the weighted average grade should read “47%”. Sweden, resources of copper according to the “FRB-standard” reporting code and the “measured” category, the quantity should be 528.9 million tonnes and not quoted to six decimal places.



3 Front pages

3.1 Accessing the Yearbook from Minerals4EU portal The first link shown above will take the user direct to the Yearbook’s Menu Page but if the user accesses the home page of Minerals4EU Knowledge Data Platform (using the second link) there are two ways to access the Yearbook as shown:

3.2 Yearbook menu page The menu page of the Yearbook gives the user four options:

• To view data for both primary minerals and mineral-based waste flows ‘by country’ • To view data for primary minerals ‘by commodity’ • To view data for mineral-based waste flows ‘by category’ • To view case studies on commodities from waste and other yearbook-related

documents

From the main page of the

Minerals4EU Knowledge Data

Platform

access to the Yearbook is from

this title ...

The user may choose one of the 4 options

shown.

... or this button



Below the first three options are ‘drop down’ lists enabling the user to choose what they wish to view. Open these lists using the downward pointing arrows, select the item you wish to view and then click the “view” button.

The front page also includes buttons to access the text for “acknowledgements” and “disclaimer” which appear in ‘pop up’ boxes. These boxes can be closed using either the cross in the top right corner or the ‘close’ button in the bottom right corner.

3.3 Returning to the yearbook menu page Each page of the Yearbook has a ‘Back to Menu’ option at the top left. This will return the user back to the menu page to enable them to make another selection.

Drop down list showing the countries from which the user

may select.

1. Use these buttons to access

the text for acknowledgements

and disclaimer.

2. To close these boxes use either the cross or the

close button.

Use this link to return to the Menu Page from any screen.



4 Viewing data ‘by country’ From the Menu page, choose the country you wish to view data for and click the ‘view’ button:

4.1 Production data The Yearbook will open the production data table by default. There are a number of ‘tabs’ across the top of the page which provide access to other data types.

For production data the Yearbook contains 10 years of data (2004 to 2013) and you can scroll left or right to see all these years (the commodity names and units will be fixed in position). If there is more data than can be displayed on one screen, there will be buttons below the table on the right to give you access to additional pages.

The view button is

below the list.

Select the data type you wish to view by clicking on the tabs.

On all pages there is a scroll bar for moving left or right ...

... and, where necessary, you can move to the following pages with

these buttons.



You can change the number of entries visible on one screen using the option above the table to the left. Footnotes relating to individual numbers are displayed below the table to the left. Table notes relating to all data for a particular commodity are accessed via the button to the bottom left.

You can sort on any of the columns using the arrows beside the column headings and filter the entries displayed using the ‘search’ box.

To change the number of entries displayed use this ‘drop down’ list.

Footnotes for individual numbers, such as this, are displayed below

the table.

This button gives access to the table notes, which relate to all

data for a particular commodity. These appear in a ‘pop up’ box as shown. To close this box use the

cross in the top right corner.

You can sort each column using the arrows beside the

headings (circled) ...

... or filter the entries by typing the commodity name

in the search box.



4.2 Import or export data The functions available on these tabs are essentially the same as those available for production data. However, in general there will be more commodities and sub-commodities for import and export data than for production data.

4.3 Resource or reserve data These data are accessed by clicking on the appropriate tab at the top of the screen.

As mentioned earlier, these data are not standardised with regards to the use of commodity names, units, or the systems of reporting and are only available from countries that returned questionnaires and where data in those countries are available. If different systems of reporting have been used within a country these have been kept separate.

Access import or export data by clicking on the appropriate tab.

The number of commodities and sub-commodities is indicated by

the ‘entries’ as shown here ...

... and by the number of pages shown here.

Access resources or reserves information by clicking on the appropriate tab.

The system of reporting used for each number is displayed immediately above

the number.

Data for some countries have been estmated by those countries, but these

are clearly indicated.



Additional information provided by the responding countries, together with their replies to the questionnaires’ metadata questions, are accessible from the button at the bottom left of the screen.

Other available functions are similar to all other tabs including the ability to view additional pages, change the number of entries displayed, sort on any column and filter the data using the search box.

4.4 Exploration data These data are accessed by clicking on the appropriate tab at the top of the screen.

Again, data are only available from countries that returned questionnaires and where data in those countries are available. These data are also not standardised with regards to commodity names or units. In many cases exploration is being undertaken for a group of commodities rather than a single commodity. This means that some figures are repeated for each commodity within that group and consequently the columns should not be summed.

Six different metrics were requested during the data collection survey and not all countries were able to provide data for all six metrics. Five of the metrics are displayed in the table (please scroll left or right to see them all) and the sixth was a ‘free text’ activity summary. This summary, where completed, can be accessed via the button at the bottom left of the screen together with the country’s answers to the metadata questions included on the questionnaire.

Additional information and metadata provided by the country can be viewed using this button.

The information is displayed in a ‘pop up’ box as shown. Close this box using the cross top right or the ‘close’ button bottom right.



Other available functions are similar to all other tabs including the ability to view additional pages, change the number of entries displayed, sort on any column and filter the data using the search box.

4.5 Waste flow data These data are accessed by clicking on the appropriate tab at the top of the screen. They are displayed slightly differently to the data for primary minerals. There are three tables of data, for most countries, which are accessible by scrolling down the screen:

• Waste generated, imported, exported and treated in 2010 • Waste generated, imported, exported and treated in 2012 • Waste facilities in 2010 and 2012

The waste flow data are also displayed in diagram form.

Access the exploration data by clicking on the appropriate tab.

Please scroll left or right to see all five metrics that may contain data.

Notes relating to particular rows (circled in this view) are

displayed below the table.

The activity summary text and answers to metadata questions are

available via this button.

Close the pop-up box using the cross at the top right or this button

at the bottom right



For the tables showing data on waste generated and treated, the numbers in the headings relate to table notes which are accessible from the button (located below each diagram in the draft version). The waste treated data have been sub-divided into the treatment options and these figures are displayed in green to distinguish them from the total waste treated figures which are shown in black.

Access the waste flow data by clicking on the appropriate tab.

The first table is for 2010 data. Scroll down for 2012 data or data

relating to waste facilities.

Data in green are a breakdown of the waste treated, scroll right to

see all these data columns.

Scroll down to see the diagrams.

Waste flow data presented as a diagram. There is a key to the letters immediately below the

diagram.

Here is the button for the table notes (which relate to the

numbers in the column headings).



Other available functions for each data table are similar to all other tabs including the ability to view additional pages, change the number of entries displayed, sort on any column and filter the data using the search box.

5 Viewing data for primary minerals ‘by commodity’ As with data ‘by country’ use the ‘drop down’ list on the Yearbook’s menu page to select the commodity you are interested in and click the ‘view’ button.

5.1 Production data As with the ‘by country’ section, the Yearbook will open the production data tab by default. There are a number of other tabs across the top of the page which provide access to other data types.

This section includes graphs and maps rather than the data table which was visible under the ‘by country’ section. For some commodities there are more than one sub-commodity, for

At the bottom of the page is the table relating to waste

facilities.

Clicking on the downward pointing arrow below the ‘By

commodity’ option produces a ‘drop down’ list of the

commodities included in the Yearbook.

Once you have selected the commodity you are interested in,

click the ‘view’ button.



example for copper there are production data for ‘mine’, ‘smelter’ and ‘refined’ copper. Please scroll up or down to see the different sub-commodities.

In each case the map on the left shows which countries are producing the commodity, with graduated shading to indicate the scale of production. Hovering your cursor (without clicking) on a country will reveal the production figure for the last year in which production occurred.

The graph on the right shows the trend of production over the 10 years 2004 to 2013 for the 40 countries combined. Hovering your cursor (without clicking) over this graph will reveal the scale of production for each year.

The page heading indicates that you are now looking at the data by

commodity.

The heading above the map indicates what sub-commodity you

are viewing.

The coloured shading on the map indentifies which countries produce

this commodity (or sub-commodity). Hovering your cursor over a country without clicking will

produce this box containing the most recent production figure.

Further sub-commodities may be located down the page, please scroll down to see them (each one will also have both a map

and a graph).



Clicking on a single country in the map will reveal a graph showing the trend in production for that country, below the graph showing the trend in the total for all countries.

Using shift and clicking on a second country, or multiple countries, will change this second graph so that the trend for all the selected countries are displayed. Hovering your cursor over this second graph will again reveal the actual production figures for all the selected countries for each year.

Each commodity or sub-commodity will have a graph showing the trend

in production over the ten years 2004 to 2013. This is the total production in the 40 countries

covered by the Yearbook.

Hovering your cursor over the graph will display this box containing the figure for each year shown in the

graph.

The trend graph showing the total production in all 40 countries is

still visible.

A second graph appears showing the trend for just the one country

selected. This country is highlighted on the map and

identified by its name and flag above the graph.



You can also un-select countries by clicking on them again (or using shift-click again if you have multiple countries selected). There is no limit to the number of countries you can select and compare.

Clicking on the country name in the graph legend will temporarily remove it from the graph.

Multiple countries are

selected on the map using shift

and click.

The second graph shows the trends for these multiple

countries, enabling them to be compared.

Hovering your cursor over the

graph reveals the figures for the

countries in each year.

Here the user has clicked on “Poland” in the legend and temporarily removed that country from the graph, thereby enabling the trends in

the other countries to become more visible. Compare to the image shown on the left here.



5.2 Import or export data The functions available on these tabs are essentially the same as those available for production data.

5.3 Resources or reserves data These tabs look very different to those for production, imports or exports. Firstly, there is some explanatory text relating to the systems of reporting used by the European countries. This is very important because the variations in reporting methodolgy mean that it is inappropriate to sum resource or reserve data because the figures are not comparable; it would be like comparing apples with oranges.

As with production data, this graph will show the trend in the total

imports for the 40 European countries over the period 2004 to

2013 ...

... and this graph shows the trend for individual or multiple countries

selected on the map.

As with production data, the map on the left shows the countries importing (or exporting) each

commodity or sub-commodity with graduated shading indicating the scale of the imports (or exports)

Where there is more than one sub-commodity, please scroll down to

see the others.

Access import or export data by clicking on the appropriate tabs.



In this section by the different colours used for the map indicate the availability of data and/or information received via the questionnaires:

• Green – countries that returned statistical data for the commodity selected. This data may still be incomplete in some way (e.g. relating to only part of the country or excluding confidential data).

• Yellow – countries that have indicated a resource or reserve exists (or there is other evidence to suggest the resource or reserve exists) but for which there is no statistical data available.

• Grey – countries that do not have any known resources or reserves for the commodity selected.

• White – countries where no information is available at all, not even an indication of whether the commodity exists.

Hovering your cursor over the map reveals the country name only. To see any statistical data you need to click on the country that you are interested in. The statistical data will then appear below the map. Any notes relating to resources or reserves are available, alongwith any additional information provided by the country and answers to the metadata questions included on the questionnaire, by using the button below the table.

The page heading indicates which commodity you have seleted.

Access resources or reserves data by clicking on the appropriate tab.

Important information relating to resources and reserves information

The legend explains the colours used in the map, which relate to the

availability of statistical data and whether resources or reserves are

known to exist.



Selecting a country coloured, yellow, grey or white will reveal a message below the map which reads “No data available; please see additional information and metadata”. This refers to the button labelled “View additional information and metadata” and clicking on this button produces a ‘pop up box’ containing all the information that is available (other than statistics) for the country selected.

Hovering your cursor over the map reveals the countries names only. To see the data you need to click

on the country of interest.

Clicking on a country coloured green (circled and highlighted

blue) will produce a table below the map containing the statistical

data for the country selected. Users can scroll left or right to

view all the data.

The same functions as other tables also exist for viewing additional pages, selecting number of entries to view, sorting columns or filtering.

The button below the table produces a ‘pop up’ box as shown

with additional information and metadata. This box can be closed using the cross at top right or the button at bottom right (circled).



5.4 Exploration data These data are accessed by clicking on the tab at the top of the screen.

The same colours as for resources and reserves tabs have been used for the map and the same functions exist.

In this example a country coloured yellow has been

selected. There are no statistical data available for this country and

the additional information box reveals this is because they did not return the questionnaire.

However, it is known that copper exists in Bosnia & Herzegovina

hence it was coloured yellow on the map.

As with resources and reserves tabs, countries coloured green have statistical data available. Hovering your cursor over a

country reveals its name only, to access the data you need to click

on the country.

Access exploration data by clicking on the exploration tab.



6 Viewing data for mineral-based waste flows ‘by category’ Unlike data for primary minerals, statistics for mineral-based waste are not available by individual ‘commodity’ such as copper or lead. Instead they are structured by waste category, such as ‘combustion waste’ or ‘metal wastes, ferrous’ for example. This has required the Yearbook to have a completely separate section to display these data.

As with the prevous two sections, from the Yearbook menu page, you can click on the downward poining arrow below this section to view the available categories.

Clicking on a country coloured green (now highlighted blue) will produce a table below the map

containing the statistical data for the country selected.

Clicking on the button opens a ‘pop up’ box (as shown) with additional information and metadata. To close this box

please use the cross at top right or button at bottom left of the

box (circled).

Please use the drop down arrow to open the ‘drop down’

list of categories. Select a category and then click ‘view’

button.



Once you have selected your category (and clicked on ‘view’) two tables are displayed. The first contains data for 2010 and the second (positioned below the first) contains data for 2012. Both tables contain the same navigation features as other tables in the Yearbook.

As with the waste-flow data tables that were viewed ‘by country’ earlier, the numbers in the headings relate to table notes which are accessible from the button below each table.

The waste treated data have been sub-divided into the treatment options and these figures are displayed in green to distinguish them from the total waste treated figures which are shown in black. Scroll to the right to view all the columns.

The page heading indicates which category of mineral-based waste you

are viewing.

You can filter the entries using the search box.

You can change the number of entries visible on the screen.

You an scroll left or right.

You can select subsequent pages to view as necessary.

You can scroll down the page to view 2012 data.

The numbers in the column headings (circled) relate to table

notes, which are accessble via the button below the table.

The table notes appear in a ‘pop up’ box. To close htis box click on the cross at top right of the box.

Here is the button to access the table notes



7 Viewing case studies for the supply of secondary raw materials from mineral-based waste In addition to collecting together the available statistics for mineral-based waste generation and treatment by country, the Work Package examined the potential for the supply of raw materials from these secondary sources using 8 mineral commodities as case studies. The selected commodities are: Iron and steel Copper Aluminium Palladium Platinum Indium

Yttrium Dysprosium

These case studies, and a full report into the methodology employed for this work, are available through the Yearbook using the fourth option on the Menu page.

The detailed breakdown of waste treatment routes are coloured green to distinguish them from the total waste

treated figures shown in black.

As with all other tables in the Yearbook, you can reorder the columns using the small arrows by the column headings

(circled).

The case studies for the potential supply of raw materials from mineral-based waste are available through this

option on the Menu page.

Just click the view button to access them.



Also accessible on this page are the following Yearbook-related documents:

• Glossary of terms used throughout the Work Package • Report on data gathering methodology and network (Deliverable 4.1) • Stakeholder Workshop report (Deliverable 4.2) • Report of availability of mineral statistics (Deliverable 4.3) • Draft European Minerals Yearbook (User Guide) (Deliverable 4.4, and an earlier

version of these notes) • This report

Please scroll down to see the case studies for the supply of selected commodities from secondary raw materials. The full report from this work “Resource potential of secondary raw materials” is available at the end of the list (on page 2).

To access any of these documents, firstly please click on the document heading, this provides further details on the right hand side of the screen. The “View more” button then provides further details and finally below the map on this second screen will be the document itself.

The glossary and other Yearbook-related documents are accessible from this list.

Please scroll down to see the case studies for secondary

raw materials ...

The case studies are available at the bottom of page 1 and the top

of page 2.

This report details the methodology used to compile the

case studies, including the assumptions and calculations

made.



8 Contacting the Yearbook compilers If you wish to contact the Yearbook compilers please use the generic e-mail [email protected] and the message will be forwarded to the appropriate people.

This e-mail address is also visible on the main Menu Page of the European Minerals Yearbook.

1. Click on the blue heading

2. Brief details are revealed on the right-hand side of the screen.

3. Click the “View more” button to see further details.

4. A second screen appears with much more detail about the

document.

5. The document itself is available to open below the map.

Just click on this link and the document will open.

mailto:[email protected]�



9 Recommendations for futre development of the Yearbook At various points throughout the Minerals4EU project, many ideas and suggestions have been made for additional functions and content that could be included in the Yearbook. It has not be possible with the resources available within the Minerals4EU project to implement all of them. This section lists these as recommendations for the future development of the Yearbook in the hope that some or all of them could be included in future editions.

Furthermore, during the compilation of the datasets for the Yearbook a number of issues and challenges have been experienced. These are described in detail in the “Report on availability of mineral statistics” (Deliverable 4.3) but the recommendations arising from them are also included below for completeness.

9.1 General functionality • Making the Yearbook available as a PDF so it can be printed in its entirety • Making each section printable individually • Enabling each table to be downloaded into Excel and/or csv format • A single button to download the entire Yearbook • Downloads of high-quality images/illustrations with logo embedded for media use • Each of the download functions should include the project logo and yearbook disclaimer • Links to national geological surveys, other data providers and various other organisations • Links to other relevant projects, such as Minventory2

• Graphical representation (tree chart) of the commodity classification linked to glossary

• Multilingual synonym list of commodities • Statistics on the use of the digital Yearbook • ‘Hot key’ pop up definitions for key terms in addition to the glossary • Expansion of the glossary and improvements to its accessibility, increased

communication and dissemination to ensure its use becomes more widespread • Navigation tools to allow users to jump to sections lower down each page and then

“return to top” • Reduction in sideways scrolling by widening the width of the view if technically possible • Making the icons on the menu page clickable in the same way as the ‘view’ buttons • Ability to swap between ‘by commodity’ and ‘by country’ views, or between different

commodities/counties, without returning to the main menu page (could be via a drop down list on the commodity name or a ‘pick list’ on a separate pane on the left side of the screen).

• Add a button to ‘share’ a certain page of the yearbook by e-mail. • More accessible ‘user guide’ available from within the pages of the Yearbook • Consider including greater explanation of the Sankey diagrams for Waste Flow

information

2 https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/minventory/content/minventory



9.2 Specifically for production, imports or exports data • Rankings of top (largest) countries for each data type (in Europe or the World) • Graphs demonstrating a country’s production as a percentage of the EU total and/or

world total • Additional commodities, e.g. production of silica sand or industrial carbonate, possibly

extend the remit of the Yearbook to include energy minerals (coal, oil, gas, uranium) • Additional interactive graphs, e.g. a graphical representation of the production data ‘by

country’; it was suggested that this could be a pop up window from the commodity name and show a trend over the 10 years, or/and a pop up window from the year and show a pie chart for the commodities share in that year.

• Data on net exports (i.e. exports minus imports) • Analysis of import dependency • Origin of imports or destination of exports

9.3 Specifically for resources and reserves data • Standardisation of units • Inclusion of dates applicable to the reported figures • Investigate the order in which the different reporting codes are presented • Investigate the possible inclusion of cut off grades (but there are many factors affecting

this so it is not at all straightforward and some stakeholders have commented that they cannot be aggregated beyond deposit level; they may be of little use in national figures)

• Data compilation by region where national figures not available • An overview figure for Europe as a whole with a total estimate for resources “in the order

of ...”. This would have to be a very rounded estimate to start with until a greater degree of standardisation has been achieved.

9.4 Specifically related to exploration data • Maps of active exploration areas (and of mining licenses) • Statistics on amount of exploration drilling that has taken place • Differentiate between ‘greenfield’ exploration, i.e. for completely new locations, and

‘brownfield’ exploration, i.e. for extensions to existing mining locations

9.5 Specifically related to waste flow data • Examination of available data for mine waste in greater detail than was possible during

this project • Waste flow data that are commodity based

9.6 Other items • Concise high-level summaries for individual countries (including total minerals

production, numbers of deposits, numbers of mines, the most important minerals



commodities) and commodities (including the leading producers in Europe, import dependence, etc.)

• Links to Minventory country summaries3

• Basic data about each country such as land area, population or population density, characteristics of the country in terms of minerals potential, mineral strategy, etc.

• Basic data about each commodity such as characteristics, mineralogy, end uses, etc. • Inclusion of ‘relative supply risk index’ • Price information and/or values associated with production and trade • Links to government policies and procedural documents • List of operating companies and a map of their locations • Details of employment • Actual investment figures for mine development • Figures for mineral consumption (or apparent consumption) • Information relating to the typical end uses of each commodity; a glossary of end

products • Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) and environmental impact data, CO2-intensity, energy

requirement for production of one product unit, transport modes and distances • Information about the up- and downstream value chains (added value) • A multilingual glossary of terms (or entirely multilingual webpage) • Providing a table of country-specific challenges (e.g. spatial planning conflicts) and of

approaches how these can be addressed successfully Top 5 best practice examples of innovative resource extraction projects for every country

• Different levels of functionality depending on the user and their requirements • Consider providing more information about the data sources in order that this could be

used as a collaboration incentive for existing and potential data providers • Refinement of the questionnaire used to collect resources and reserves data, including the

possibility of additional columns to allow the reporting of further categories • Examination of how the Yearbook works on mobile platforms. For example, shift-click

works well on a desktop pc but does not have an equivalent on a mobile platform • Improvements to vertical scrolling to keep the headings in view • Investigate the issue where trade data for precious metals and diamonds may only be

available as value data not quantity is not available and find a solution for including these data

9.7 Recommendations relating to the issues and challenges identified in “Report on availability of mineral statistics” (Deliverable 4.3)

Section 3 Production data • Continue attempts to establish contact with new production data providers within the

countries concerned, particularly where a greater number of estimates are currently used. • Discuss with existing production data providers to see if they can also supply data for any

additional commodities needed. 3 https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/minventory/country-summaries



• Continue to discuss existing production data with providers to improve understanding of data and ensure the most accurate figures are used.

Section 4 Trade data • Investigate the mechanism for opening discussions relating to data resolution for trade

data.

Section 5 Resources and reserves data • Commence discussions with the aim of reaching a common definition for the terms

‘resources’ and ‘reserves’. • Commence discussions between the countries with the aim of reaching a common system

of reporting to be adopted specifically for use in the Yearbook. • Once a common system of reporting has been adopted for the Yearbook, begin

discussions with each country to examine how their resource and reserve statistics can be ‘mapped’ to that common system, including the development of a bridging document if one does not already exist.

• A ‘Competent Person’ (or persons) will be required to carry out such ‘mapping’ and additional training of staff within key countries may be required to develop and undertake this exercise.

• Commence discussions between experts to establish an agreed list of commodity names to be included in the Yearbook in future (with agreed definitions for the commodity names used if required).

• The benefits of central collation of data should be demonstrated and publicised to all countries, both those that currently undertake it and those that do not.

• There can be no compulsion for a sovereign state to change its national laws, therefore other ideas for encouraging central collation should be explored.

• Explore the reasons behind confidentiality issues and discuss possible resolutions.

Section 6 Exploration data • Continue to request data for all six metrics in future updates of the European Minerals

Yearbook, for the foreseeable future.

Section 7 Waste data • Begin discussions relating to a modified waste classification system whereby where

waste is categorised upon its resource potential. • Begin discussions relating to a harmonised database for data on trade in waste.



Section 8 Case studies • If this type of study is considered to be useful, a fundamental review of the data available

by a panel of experts to make clear recommendations for future improvements in data provision.

• Consistent definitions for key terminology and important metrics should be developed. • Expand the analysis to include additional commodities and products.

Final 'European Mineals Yearbook'

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Transcript of Final 'European Mineals Yearbook'