Final EIA Report of -...
Transcript of Final EIA Report of -...
Final EIA Report of
M/s. Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. Survey No. 455 & 456, Village: Neja, Taluka: Khambhat, District: Anand
(Period: August, 2015)
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd. 424, Medicine Market, Nr. Paldi Cross Road,
Paldi, Ahmedabad Email id: [email protected]
Prepared by
(Accreditation no. 133 as per MoM of QCI, dated 05.11.2015)
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA Report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1
Contents Particulars Page No.
Contents 1-8
List of Tables 9-11
List of Figures 12-13
List of Annexures 14
Index Sr. No. Particular Page No.
Chapter 1 Introduction
1.1 Preface 1-1
1.2 Purpose of the report 1-1
1.3 Identification of project & project proponent 1-3
1.3.1 Identification of project site with site specific
criteria
1-3
1.3.2 Project identification with respect to category 1-3
1.3.3 Project proponent 1-3
1.4 Brief Description of Project 1-4
1.4.1 Nature of the project 1-4
1.4.2 Size of the Project 1-4
1.4.3 Location of the project 1-5
1.5 Regulatory Framework 1-5
1.6 Scope of the Study 1-5
1.7 Compliance to Terms of Reference 1-6
1.8 Objectives of EIA 1-23
1.9 Methodology for EIA 1-24
1.10 Details of industries 1-25
Chapter-2 Project Description
2.1 Introduction 2-1
2.2 Type of Project 2-1
2.3 Need for the Project/Justification of the project 2-1
2.4 Project Cost 2-2
2.5 Land Requirement 2-2
2.6 Details of the Site 2-2
2.7 Size or Magnitude of Operation 2-3
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2.8 Machineries and utility for each Plant 2-4
2.9 Proposed schedule for approval and
implementation
2-5
2.10 Description of Manufacturing process 2-5
2.11 Project Components 2-12
2.12 Input Requirements 2-13
2.13 Utilities Requirements 2-13
2.14 Generation of pollutants 2-14
2.14.1 Wastewater generation 2-14
2.14.2 Gaseous emission 2-14
2.14.3 Hazardous/Solid waste Generation 2-15
2.14.4 Noise 2-15
2.15 Pollution Control Strategy 2-15
2.15.1 Effluent Management 2-15
2.15.2 Air Pollution Control Measures 2-16
2.15.3 Hazardous/Solid Waste Management 2-16
2.15.4 Noise Pollution Control 2-16
2.16 Resource Conservation 2-17
2.16.1 Rain Water Harvesting 2-17
2.16.2 Green belt development 2-17
Chapter 3 Baseline Environmental Status
3.1 Prelude 3-1
3.1.1 Study area 3-1
3.1.2 Period of the study area 3-1
3.1.3 Basic Component of the Environment 3-1
3.1.4 Methodology 3-2
3.2 Establishment of baseline for valued
environmental components
3-6
3.3 Air Environment 3-6
3.3.1 Design of Network for Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring Stations
3-7
3.3.2 Reconnaissance 3-7
3.3.3 Micrometeorology of the area 3-7
3.3.4 Ambient Air Quality Survey 3-9
3.3.5 Baseline Status 3-9
3.4 Hydro-geological status of the study area 3-10
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3.5 Water Environment 3-11
3.5.1 Ground Water Quality (Primary data) 3-11
3.6 Noise Environment (Primary Data) 3-12
3.6.1 Introduction 3-12
3.6.2 Methodology 3-13
3.6.3 Day Time and Night Time Noise levels 3-13
3.6.4 Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise 3-13
3.6.5 Ambient Noise Levels in the Study Area 3-13
3.6.6 Conclusions 3-13
3.7 Soil Environment (Primary Data) 3-14
3.7.1 Introduction 3-14
3.7.2 Soil Characteristics 3-14
3.7.3 Corollaries 3-14
3.8 Ecology (Primary Data) 3-15
3.8.1 Period of the study 3-16
3.8.2 Study methodology 3-16
3.8.3 Floral diversity in the study period 3-16
3.8.4 Cultivated plants in the study area 3-17
3.8.5 Faunal Diversity in the study area 3-17
3.9 Socio Economic & Land use (Secondary data) 3-17
3.9.1 Land use pattern and Infrastructure 3-17
3.9.2 Demographic and Socio-Economic Environment 3-18
3.9.3 Living Standard and Infrastructure 3-18
Chapter 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation
Measures
4.1 General 4-1
4.2 Impact on Topography 4-2
4.3 Air Environment 4-2
4.3.1 Prediction of Impact during Construction Phase 4-2
4.3.2 Prediction of Impact during Operational Phase 4-3
4.3.3 Sources of Air Pollution 4-3
4.3.4 Dispersion Modelling of Emissions from the plant 4-4
4.3.5 Micrometeorology 4-5
4.3.6 Air Quality Modeling and Predictions using the
Gaussian model
4-5
4.3.7 Details of Air Dispersion Model 4-7
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4.3.8 Predicted GLCs of Proposed Plant 4-8
4.4 Water Environment 4-8
4.5 Noise Level Impact 4-9
4.5.1 Prediction of impact during Construction phase 4-9
4.5.2 Prediction of Impact during Operational Phase 4-10
4.6 Land/soil Environment 4-10
4.6.1 Prediction of impact during Construction Phase 4-10
4.6.2 Prediction of impact during Operation Phase 4-11
4.7 Ecological Impacts (Flora and Fauna) 4-11
4.8 Socio-Economic Environment 4-12
4.9 Mitigation measures during Construction 4-13
4.10 Mitigation measures during the operational phase 4-13
4.10.1 Measures for Air Environment 4-13
4.10.2 Measures for water environment 4-14
4.10.3 Measures for hazardous/solid waste 4-14
4.10.4 Measures for Noise 4-14
4.10.5 Health & Safety measures 4-14
Chapter 5 Analysis of Alternatives
5.1 Prologue 5-1
5.2 Project Details 5-1
5.3 Site Alternative 5-2
5.4 Alternative For Technologies 5-2
Chapter 6 Environmental Monitoring Programme
6.1 Prelude 6-1
6.2 Environment Monitoring Program 6-1
6.3 Objective of Monitoring Plan 6-2
6.4 Schedules for Environment Monitoring 6-2
6.5 Ambient Air Quality monitoring 6-3
Chapter 7 Additional Studies
Risk Assessment
A Hazards Analysis & Risk Assessment 7-1
7.1 Introduction 7-1
7.2 Risk Assessment 7-2
7.3 Risk Screening Approach 7-4
7.4 Hazardous Materials Storage 7-9
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7.5 QRA Approach 7-9
7.6 Thermal Hazards 7-10
7.7 Damage due to Explosion 7-12
7.8 Toxic Release 7-13
7.8.1 Likely Failure Scenarios 7-13
B Quantitative Risk Assessment & Consequence Analysis
7-14
7.9 Preamble 7-14
7.9.1 Weather Effect 7-14
7.10 Incidents Impacts 7-15
7.11 Consequential Impacts 7-18
7.11.1 Thermal and Explosion Hazards 7-18
7.11.2 Toxic Hazards 7-18
7.11.3 Other Hazards 7-18
7.11.4 Other Toxic Hazards 7-18
7.12 Occupational Health 7-19
7.12.1 Treatment of workers affected by accidental
spillage of chemicals
7-19
7.13 Safe Chlorine Storage, Handling & Transportation
System
7-20
7.13.1 Characteristics of Chlorine 7-20
7.13.2 Exposure Routes 7-20
7.13.3 Exposure Limits 7-20
7.13.4 Location of storage of Chlorine Cylinder at Karan Intermediates
7-21
7.13.5 Pipe work, Valves, Accessories 7-21
7.13.6 Requirement of Safety Systems 7-21
7.13.7 Storage & Handling of Chlorine Cylinders 7-22
7.13.8 Chlorine Detection and Decontamination System 7-23
7.13.9 Transportation of Chlorine 7-24
C Conclusion & Recommendations 7-26
7.14 Disaster Management Plan 7-28
7.14.1 Definitions 7-29
7.14.2 Objective of the Disaster Management Plan 7-30
7.15 Emergency Organization 7-31
7.15.1 Incident Controller 7-31
7.15.1.1 Duties of Incident Controller 7-31
7.15.2 Site Main Controller 7-32
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7.15.2.1 Duties of Site Main Controller 7-32
7.15.3 Other Key Personnel 7-33
7.15.3.1 Emergency Response Team 7-34
7.15.3.2 Emergency Personnel’s responsibilities Outside
Normal Working Hours of the Factory
7-34
7.15.3.3 Assembly Points 7-34
7.15.4 Emergency Control Centre 7-34
7.15.4.1 Role of Emergency Control Centre 7-35
7.15.5 Fire & Toxicity Control Arrangements 7-35
7.15.6 Medical Arrangements 7-35
7.15.7 Transport & Evacuation, Mutual Aid Arrangements 7-35
7.16 Communication System 7-36
7.16.1 Declaring the Emergency 7-36
7.16.1.1 Types of Sirens 7-36
7.16.1.2 Location of Siren 7-36
7.16.1.3 Raising Alarm 7-37
7.16.2 Internal Communication 7-37
7.16.2.1 Availability of Key Personnel outside Normal
Working Hours
7-38
7.16.2.2 To the Outside Emergency Services 7-38
7.16.3 Communication to the Authorities 7-38
7.16.3.1 To Neighboring Firms & the General Public 7-38
7.17 Pre-Emergency Activities 7-39
7.17.1 Evacuation and Transportation 7-39
7.17.2 Safe Close Down 7-40
7.17.3 Use of Mutual Aid 7-40
7.17.4 Use of External Authorities 7-40
7.17.5 Medical Treatment 7-40
7.17.6 Accounting for Personnel 7-40
7.17.7 Access to Records 7-40
7.17.8 Public Relations 7-40
7.17.9 Rehabilitation 7-40
7.18 Causes of Emergency 7-41
7.18.1 Risk 7-41
7.18.1.1 Nature 7-41
7.18.1.2 Various Emergency Actions 7-41
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7.18.1.3 Response Time-Minutes 7-42
7.19 Off-Site Emergency Plan 7-43
7.19.1 Need of the Site Emergency Plan 7-43
7.19.2 Structure of the Off-Site Emergency Plan 7-43
7.19.3 Role of the Factory Management 7-43
7.19.4 Role of Emergency Co-ordination Office (ECO) 7-43
7.19.5 Role of Local Authority 7-43
7.19.6 Role of Fire Authorities 7-44
7.19.7 Role of the Police and Evacuation Authorities 7-44
7.19.8 Role of Health Authorities 7-44
7.19.9 Role of Mutual Aid Agencies 7-44
7.19.10 Role of Factory Inspectorate 7-44
7.20 Training Rehearsal and Records 7-44
7.20.1 Need of Rehearsal & Training 7-44
7.20.2 Some Check Points 7-45
7.20.3 Records and Updating the Plan 7-45
Social Impact Assessment 7-46
Public Consultation 7-46
Chapter 8 Project Benefits
8.1 Introduction 8-1
8.2 Physical Infrastructure including Technical Facility Aspects
8-1
8.3 Improvement in Social Infrastructure 8-1
8.4 Employment potential 8-2
Chapter 9 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis
9.0 Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis 9-1
Chapter 10 Environment Management Plan
10.1 Introduction 10-1
10.2 Objective of Environmental Management Plan 10-1
10.3 Components of EMP 10-2
10.3.1 Environmental Management systems 10-2
10.3.2 Environmental, Health and Safety Management
System
10-2
10.3.3 Environmental Management Cell 10-3
10.4 Environmental Management during construction
phase
10-3
10.5 Environmental Management during the 10-5
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operational phase
10.5.1 Air Pollution Management 10-5
10.5.2 Water Environment 10-7
10.5.3 Hazardous/Solid Waste Management 10-7
10.5.4 Noise Control Technique 10-8
10.6 Greenbelt Development Plan 10-8
10.7 Resource Conservation/Waste Minimization,
Recycling, Reuse and Cleaner Production Options
10-11
10.7.1 Action plan for odour control 10-12
10.8 Occupational health & safety 10-12
10.8.1 Possibility of occupational health hazard, its
control & Occupational surveillance
10-13
10.8.2 Preventive Measures 10-14
10.9 Occupational Health Programme 10-14
10.9.1 Occupational Health and First aid measures 10-18
10.9.2 Hazard Communication and Chemical Safety 10-18
10.10 Socio-Economic Activities 10-19
10.11 Post-Project Environmental Monitoring 10-20
10.12 Environment Management Cost Estimate 10-21
10.13 Environment Policy 10-22
10.14 Reporting System of Non Compliances/ Violations
of Environmental Norms
10-22
Chapter 11 Summary & Conclusion
11.1 Background 11-1
11.2 Project Description 11-1
11.3 Production capacities 11-2
11.4 Description of Environment 11-3
11.5 Air Environment 11-3
11.6 Water Environment 11-4
11.7 Noise Environment 11-5
11.8 Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures 11-5
11.9 Environment Monitoring Programme 11-7
11.10 Qualitative Risk Analysis 11-8
11.11 Project Benefits 11-8
11.12 Environmental Management Plan 11-8
11.13 Conclusion 11-9
Chapter-12 Disclosure of Consultant engaged
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List of Tables
Table No.
Name Page No.
1.1 Products details 1-4
1.2 Details of four corners Co-Ordinate of Site 1-5
1.3 List of major industries working in 10 km radius of project site
1-25
2.1 Land breakup 2-2
2.2 Location details 2-3
2.3 Product details 2-3
2.4 Raw Material Consumption, Source & Storage detail 2-18
2.5 Break up of water consumption & wastewater generation 2-19
2.5(a) Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent 2-20
2.6 Details of Stacks 2-21
2.7 Estimated emission of stack 2-22
2.7(a) Estimated work area quality of chemicals with TLV/TWA
limit
2-22
2.7(b) Source of Fuel 2-23
2.7(c) Fuel characteristics 2-23
2.8 Technical specification of Boiler 2-24
2.9 Technical specification of proposed Thermic Fluid Heater 2-25
2.10 Technical specification of bag filter 2-26
2.11 Technical specification of scrubber 2-27
2.12 Details of Hazardous Waste 2-28
2.13 Details of Effluent Treatment Plant 2-29
3.1 Methodology of Ambient Air Monitoring 3-3
3.2 Surface Water Sampling Locations 3-3
3.3 Ground Water Sampling Locations 3-4
3.4 Surface soil sampling locations 3-4
3.5 Soil Sample analysis methodology 3-5
3.6 Monitoring Methodology of Noise 3-6
3.7 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 3-20
3.8 Ambient Air Quality Status 3-21
3.9 Ambient Air Quality Status (PM10) 3-22
3.10 Ambient Air Quality Status (PM2.5) 3-23
3.11 Ambient Air Quality Status (SO2) 3-24
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3.12 Ambient Air Quality Status (NOx) 3-25
3.13 Ambient Air Quality Status (CO, HC, VOCs) 3-26
3.14 National Ambient Air Quality Standards 3-27
3.15 Results of Groundwater Quality in the Study Area 3-29
3.16 Results of Surface water Quality in the Study Area 3-30
3.17 Indian Standard Specification for Drinking Water 3-31
3.18 Ambient Noise Levels in the Study Area 3-32
3.19 Ambient Air Quality Standards with respect to noise 3-32
3.20 Soil Analysis of Study area 3-33
3.21 Traffic survey 3-34
3.22 Floral Diversity 3-36
3.23 Faunal Diversity 3-38
3.24 Land use statistics base of satellite imaginary 3-40
3.25 Land Use Pattern 3-41
3.26 Summary of Socio-Economic Status (Demography) 3-42
3.27 Basic Amenities in the Study Area 3-44
4.1 Input data for air quality modeling 4-16
4.2 Estimated air emission Quality (with & without APCM) 4-17
4.3 Cumulative Concentrations at various locations 4-18
4.4 The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for SPM 4-19
4.5 The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for SO2 4-20
4.6 The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for NOx 4-21
4.7 The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for HCl 4-22
4.8 The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for Cl2 4-23
6.1 Environment Monitoring Plan 6-4
6.2 Budget for implementation of Environmental Monitoring
Plan
6-5
7.1 Hazards Analysis - Raw materials 7-4
7.2 Hazardous Chemicals Storage Facilities 7-9
7.3 Risk Classification 7-10
7.4 Effects due to Incident Radiation Intensity 7-11
7.5 Thermal Radiation Impact to Human 7-11
7.6 Tolerable Intensities for Various Objects 7-12
7.7 Damage due to Overpressure 7-12
7.8 Different Failure Scenarios 7-13
7.9 Hazards Scenario Impact 7-15
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7.10 Points raised during Pubic Hearing 7-46
10.1 Budgetary provisions for the social upliftment
(for the first five years)
10-20
10.2 Budget Allocation for Environment Management 10-21
10.3 Environment Monitoring plan 10-24
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List of Figures
Figure No.
Name Page No.
1.1 Location of the project site 1-26
1.2 Google map of 10 km radius 1-27
1.3 Image showing all four boundaries coordinates of the
site
1-28
2.1 Water Balance Diagram 2-30
2.2 Flow Diagram of ETP 2-31
2.3 Scrubbing system 2-32
2.4 Plant Layout 2-33
2.5 Key Plan 2-34
3.1 Graphical representation of Ambient Air quality 3-21
3.2 Graphical representation for PM10 3-22
3.3 Graphical representation for PM2.5 3-23
3.4 Graphical representation for SO2 3-24
3.5 Graphical representation for NOX 3-25
3.6 Location of AAQM 3-47
3.7 Wind Rose Diagram 3-48
3.8 Water sampling locations 3-49
3.9 Locations of Noise monitoring station 3-50
3.10 Locations of Soil sampling 3-51
3.11 Land use pattern with 10 km radius (Satellite Image) 3-52
3.12 Topo sheet of location with site location map of 10 km
radius (1:25,000 scales)
3-53
3.13 Topo sheet of location with site location map of 10 km
radius (1:50,000 scale)
3-54
3.14 Topo sheet of location with site location map of 10 km
radius (1:1000000 scale)
3-55
4.1 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentration Values for SPM 4-24
4.2 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentration Values for SO2 4-25
4.3 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentration values for NOx 4-26
4.4 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentration values for HCl 4-27
4.5 Isopleths for Ground Level Concentration values for Cl2 4-28
7.1 Toxic Impact Zone Acetic Acid 7-15
7.2 Toxic Impact Zone Chlorine (Stability Class D) 7-16
7.3 Toxic Impact Zone Chlorine (Stability Class F) 7-16
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7.4 Toxic Impact Zone Thionyl Chloride 7-17
7.5 Toxic Impact Zone Sulphur Mono Chloride 7-17
10.1 EHS Management 10-25
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List of Annexures
Annexure No. Annexure Name Page No.
Annexure-I MSDS of major hazardous chemicals A-1
Annexure-II Photographs of proposed plant site A-38
Annexure-III Land documents A-40
Annexure-IV Questionnaire for industry sector A-46
Annexure-V NABET/QCI Certificate A-67
Annexure-VI Copy of Terms of Reference (TOR) A-69
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Chapter-1
Introduction
1.1 PREFACE
An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an assessment of the
possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project may have on
the environment, together consisting of the environmental, social and
economic aspects. It is an assessment and management tool that
evaluates the possible positive or negative impact that a proposed project
may have on the environment. EIA systematically examines both beneficial
and adverse consequences of the project and ensures that these effects
are taken into account during project design.
The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that decision makers
consider the ensuing environmental impacts when deciding to proceed with
a project.
As India is a developing country, lots of industrialization has been came in
focus since last few decades that ultimately leads the bigger issues related
the environmental quality of the country. Hence, it is needful for
Government of India to control the haphazard industrial development by
providing sustainable development under the legislation.
In India, Ministry of Environment, Forests& Climate change has defined
elaborated „Environmental Clearance (EC)‟ framework along with
requirements for preparing Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) under
the Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 (Environmental Impact
Assessment Notification, 2006) for establishing/expanding and
industry/development projects although it supports development but only if
the development does not hamper the environment over a defined
threshold limit.
1.2 PURPOSE OF THE REPORT
Industrial development in India has increased economic growth and
improved living standards of people. These growths are achieved through
industrialization, infrastructure development. The industrialization has
played a major role in development of the country. This industrialization is
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also has many other benefits. Although the industrial development leads to
rapid consumption of natural resources, fuel etc. in day to day operational
activity. These will deteriorating resources and increase emissions of waste
in terms of solid, liquid and gaseous. To control the pollutions from
industrial activity, government has framed regulations which are governed
by Ministry of Environment and Forest in India.
Environment Impact analysis is mandatory as per the Environment Impact
Assessment (EIA) notification issued by Ministry of Environment and
Forests (MoEF), New Delhi dated 14th September 2006, for setting up a
new projects or activities, or expansion or modernization of existing
projects or activities based on their potential environmental impacts as
indicated in the Schedule to the notification, being undertaken in any part
of India, unless prior environmental clearance has been accorded.
Proposed activities falls under the category of 5(f) of schedule of EIA
Notification, 2006 “Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye
intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates excluding drug formulations;
synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic
chemicals and chemical intermediates)” and categorized under “A”.
Therefore, unit requires Environmental Clearance for the proposed project.
EIA Consultant
In view of the above, legal aspect and monitoring work has been carried
out for all the environmental attributes by M/s. San Envirotech Pvt.
Ltd., Ahmedabad.
Draft Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) have been prepared after obtaining Terms of
References (TORs) from Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi.
The public hearing will be held on the basis of the draft EIA/EMP
incorporating the Terms of References. Report will be finalized after
incorporating the comments and suggestions by the public during pubic
consultation. Final EIA/EMP will be submitted to MoEF&CC for Environment
Clearance.
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1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECT & PROJECT PROPONENT
1.3.1 Identification of project site with site specific criteria
Karan Intermediates proposes setting up various types of Chlorinated
organic products manufacturing unit at survey No. 455 & 456, Village:
Neja, Taluka: Khambhat, Dist.: Anand, Gujarat (India).The manufacturing
plant will be equipped with appropriate production facilities.
Features justifying the location are summarized below:
Availability of suitable and adequate land;
Availability of infrastructure facilities such as water supply, power,
roads, social infrastructure and man power;
Availability of raw materials of proper quality and in adequate
quantity;
Good communication and transportation facilities;
Proximity of market;
The nearest city Anand is 40.0 km away from the project site, which is
very well connected with other parts of the country by road & rail;
No R & R will be required;
No national park or wildlife habitat falls within 10 km radial distance
from proposed project site.
Considering the above features, above site is selected for proposed
activities.
1.3.2 Project identification with respect to category
As per the EIA notification, 2006 and amendment thereof; proposed
activities are covered under 5(f) category- Synthetic organic chemicals
industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates
excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals,
other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates).
1.3.3 Project proponent
Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. is promoted by Mr. Gautam J. Patel &Mr.
Vakesh M. Patel who is Director of the company, having business
experience of more than 20 years. The unit will be also supported by other
technical staffs.
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1.4 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT
1.4.1 Nature of the project:
The proposed unit is chlorinated organic compounds manufacturing unit.
The project covered under category of 5(f) - “Synthetic organic chemicals
industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates
excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals,
other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates)” of EIA
Notification-2006 and its amendment thereof. List of raw materials to be
used are given in Table 2.4 of chapter-2. Wastewater will be treated in
ETP & treated water will recycle back in scrubber. There will no effluent
discharge outside industry premises. Hazardous waste generation details
are given in Table 2.12.
1.4.2 Size of the project:
Karan Intermediate Pvt. Ltd.proposed to set up various chlorinated
organic compounds manufacturing unit. Production details are given in
below table:
Table 1.1 Product details
Sr.
No.
Name of Products Quantity
(MT/Month)
1. Mono Chloro Acetic Acid (MCA) 300
2. Chloro Acetyl Chloride (CAC) 150
3. Tri Chloro Acetyl Chloride (TCAC) 150
4. Sulphur Mono Chloride 100
5. Aluminum Chloroide 350
6. Feric Chloride 500
Total 1550
By products
1. Mother Liquor of MCA 55
2. Hydrochloric Acid (30%), sold or captive
consumption
1710
3. Sodium bi Sulphite (20-30%) 340
4. Sodium Hypochlorite (20%) 25
Total byproduct 2130
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1.4.3 Location of the project:
The proposed project site will be located in village Neja, Khambhat Taluka,
Anand District of Gujarat state.
The geographical co-ordinates of the proposed project site are
22°20'21.90" N Latitude and 72°34'52.01" E Longitude.
The location of the project site can be identified from the location map
shown in Figure 1.1 and satellite image or Google earth image shown in
Figure 1.2.
boundary co-ordinates latitude and longitude of all four corners of the site
are given in Table 1.2 & Figure 1.3.
Table 1.2
Details of four corners Co-Ordinate of Site
Direction Corners Latitude Longitude
North 1st 22°20'24.99"N 72°34'52.23"E
East 2nd 22°20'22.00"N 72°34'56.09"E
West 3rd 22°20'20.80"N 72°34'47.05"E
South 4th 22°20'19.89"N 72°34'51.07"E
1.5 REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
The MoEF, CPCB and SPCBs together form the regulatory and
administrative core of the sector. Legislation for environmental protection
in India for chemical industry is mainly EIA Notification-2006, Water
(Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act-1974, Air (Prevention & Control of
Pollution) Act-1981, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act,
1977; Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary
Movement) Rules 2008, amended time to time are major Act/Rules/
Notification applicable to industry.
1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the EIA study is based on the guideline provided by Ministry
of Environment and Forests, Government of India for structure of
environmental impact assessment document.
The scope of the study broadly includes:
Field sampling of environmental attributes at various representative
locations in the study area to establish the baseline status;
Collect & compile secondary data including socio-economic data;
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-6
Identification, assessment and evaluation of the beneficial and adverse
impacts on surrounding environment due to proposed project activities
considering the existing baseline status along with compilation of other
information.
Analysis of project proposal and data analysis.
Assessment of pollution potential due to proposed project.
Predict the incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to the
proposed project;
Evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes
by using scientifically developed and widely accepted models.
Identification and assessment of risks associated with the proposed
project and their appropriate management through proper Risk
Assessment (RA) and Disaster Management Plan (DMP).
Prepare an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to mitigate the
predicted impacts; and
Identify critical environmental attributes required to be monitored
during the project execution and to suggest post project monitoring.
The scope also includes all the conditions outlined in the TOR issued by
MoEF&CC and the compliance to the TOR is given in below.
1.7 COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE
Based on the documents submitted and presented before 40th
Reconstituted Expert Appraisal Committee(Industry-2) held during 18-19th
May, 2015; Terms of Reference (TOR) was issued by MoEF&CC, dated
03.07.2015 vide TORs letter no. J-11011/91/2015-IA II (I) and directed to
prepare detailed EIA/EMP including following terms of reference.
Compliance of TORs for preparation of EIA/EMP is as below:
Sr.
No.
Conditions Compliance
A Specific TOR
1 Details on solvents to be used,
measures for solvent recovery and for
emissions control.
There is no use of any solvent in
manufacturing process or product
purification hence this condition is
not applicable in our case.
2 Details of process emissions from the
proposed unit and its arrangement to
control.
Pls. refer table 2.6, page no. 2-21
of chapter-2 for details of process
emission and its APCM proposed
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-7
to control it.
3 Ambient air quality data should
include VOC etc.
Pls. refer table 3.13, page no. 3-
26 of chapter-3 for details of
ambient air quality data of VOCs.
4 Work zone monitoring arrangements
for hazardous chemicals.
It is covered in our EMP, chapter-
10.
5 Detailed effluent treatment scheme
including segregation of effluent
streams for units adopting 'Zero'
liquid discharge.
Pls. refer sec. 2.15.1 and Table
2.13, page no. 2-15 and 2-29 of
chapter-2 for ETP scheme to
achieve zero discharge.
6 Action plan for odour control to be
submitted.
Pls. refer sec. 10.7.1, page no.
10-12 of chapter-10.
7 A copy of the Memorandum of
Understanding signed with cement
manufacturers indicating clearly that
they co-process organic solid/
hazardous waste generated.
Our is very small qty. of residue
generation i.e. 0.7 MT/month. It is
difficult to directly sell to cement
manufacturer because of small
volume. We have approached to
one co-processing blending unit
working in Panoliand after
commissioning of the plant, we
will send residue there for
blending and final co-processing.
8 Authorization/Membership for the
disposal of liquid effluent in CETP and
solid/hazardous waste in TSDF, if any.
Our is zero discharge unit hence
no need to get membership of
CETP.
Unit will obtain membership of
approve TSDF/CHWIF site before
establishment of the project as
our is a new unit.
9 Action plan for utilization of
MEE/dryers salts.
We are not going to install MEE or
dryer hence this condition is not
applicable in our case.
10 Material Safety Data Sheet for all the
Chemicals are being used/will be
used.
MSDS of all the major Haz.
chemicals are attached as
Annexure-I.
11 Authorization/Membership for the
disposal of solid/hazardous waste in
TSDF are being used/will be used.
Unit will obtain membership of
approve TSDF/CHWIF site before
establishment of the project as
this is a new unit.
12 Authorization/Membership for the
disposal of solid/hazardous waste in
TSDF.
Unit will obtain membership of
approve TSDF/CHWIF site before
establishment of the project as
this is a new unit.
13 Risk assessment for storage and
handling of hazardous chemicals/
solvents. Action plan for handling &
Pls. refer chapter-7 Risk
assessment for storage details of
Haz. chemicals.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-8
safety system to be incorporated.
14 Arrangements for ensuring health and
safety of workers engaged in handling
of toxic materials.
Pls. refer sec. 7.13, page no. 7-20
of chapter-7 for safe chlorine
handling which cover safety of
chlorine handling as well as health
& safety of workers engaged in
handling of chlorine.
B Additional ToR
1 Risk Assessment for storage and
handling of chlorine gas.
Pls. refer sec. 7.13, page no. 7-20
of chapter-7 for storage &
handling of chlorine gas.
2 Public hearing to be conducted and
issues raised and commitments made
by the project proponent on the same
should be included in EIA/EMP Report
in the form of tabular chart with
financial budget for complying with
the commitments made.
Public hearing is yet to be done.
3. Consultant accreditation certificate for
carry out EIA study.
Pls. refer Annexure-VI.
Generic Terms of Reference (TOR) in respect of Industry Sector
1. Executive Summary (maximum 2-3
sheets in A4 size paper) of the project
covering project description,
description of the environment,
anticipated environmental impacts &
its mitigation measures,
environmental management plan,
environmental monitoring
programme, public consultation,
project benefits, social impacts
including R&R.
Executive Summary of the project
is enclose separately as Chapter-
11.
2. Site Details:
i. Location of the project site
covering village, Taluka/Tehsil,
District and State on Indian map
of 1:1000,000 scale.
Pls. refers figure-1.1 on page no.
1.26 of Chapter-1 of EIA report
for location of the project site
covering village, Taluka/Tehsil,
District and State on Indian map.
Topo sheet of 1:1000,000 scale is
given as figure 3.14, page no. 3-
55 of chapter-3.
ii. A topo sheet of the study area of
radius of 10km and site location
on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an
A3/A2 sheet.
Topo sheet of study area with site
location on 1:25,000 & 1:50,000
scale of a circle of a radius of 10
kms is incorporated in EIA/EMP
report. Pls. refer figure no. 3.12,
3.13 on page no. 3-53 & 3-54 of
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-9
chapter-3.
iii. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four
corners of the site.
Coordinates (lat-long) of all four
corners of the site is given in
Table 1.2 & figure 1.3 on page no.
1-5 & 1.28 of chapter-1.
iv. Google map-Earth downloaded of
the project site.
Google map of 10 km radius is
given as figure 1.2 on page no.
1.27 of chapter-1.
v. A map showing environmental
sensitivity [land use/land cover,
water bodies, reserved forests,
wildlife sanctuaries, national
parks, tiger reserve etc.] and from
critically/severely polluted area(s)
and Eco-sensitive Areas within
10km radius of the project site vis-
à-vis shortest (aerial)distance
from the project. If the project is
located within 10km of
CPAs/severely Polluted Areas,
confirm whether moratorium has
been imposed on the area.
Pl. refer figure 3.11, page no. 3-
52 of Chapter-3 of EIA report for
land use map covering
environmental sensitivity including
land use/land cover, water bodies
etc.
There is no critically/severely
polluted area(s) and Eco-sensitive
areas within 10km radius of the
project site by aerial distance
from the project.
vi. Layout maps indicating existing
unit as well as proposed unit
indicating storage area, plant area,
greenbelt area, utilities etc. In
addition, if located within an
Industrial area/ Estate/Complex,
layout of Industrial Area and
location of unit within the
Industrial Area/Estate/Complex,
layout of Industrial Area.
Our is Greenfield project.
Pls. refer figure 2.4, page no. 2-
33 of chapter-2 for layout map.
vii. Photographs of the proposed and
existing (if applicable) plant site. If
existing, in addition to site map,
provide photographs of
plantation/greenbelt in the existing
project. If fresh EC application,
photographs.
Photographs of proposed plant
site are attached as Annexure-
II.
3. Land use break-up of total land of the
project site (identified and acquired) –
agricultural, forest, wasteland, water
bodies, settlements, etc. shall be
included.
Pls. refer table 2.1, page no. 2-2
of chapter-2 for details of
acquired land.
4. A copy of the mutual agreement for
land acquisition signed with land
oustees.
Total land is owned by the
company and land documents are
enclose as Annexure-III hence
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-10
no need of mutual agreement for
land acquisition signed with land
oustees.
5. Proposal shall be submitted to the
Ministry for environment clearance
only after acquiring at least 60% of
the total land required for the project.
Necessary documents indicating
acquisition of land shall be included.
We have our own land and no
question of acquisition of the land.
Land documents are enclosed as
Annexure-III.
6. Forest and wildlife related issues:
i. Permission and approval for the
use of forest land (forestry
clearance), if any, and
recommendations of the State
Forest Department.
No forest land is involved hence
permission from State Forest
Department is not required.
ii. Land use map based on High
resolution satellite imagery (GPS)
of the proposed site delineating
the forest land (in case of projects
involving forest land more than 40
ha).
Not applicable as no forest land is
involved in proposed project site.
iii. Status of Application submitted for
obtaining the stage I forestry
clearance along with latest status
shall be submitted.
No forest land is involved hence
Forest clearance is not required.
iv. The projects to be located within
10 km of the National Parks,
Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves,
Migratory Corridors of Wild
Animals, the project proponent
shall submit the map duly
authenticated by Chief Wildlife
Warden showing these features
vis-à-vis the project location and
the recommendations or
comments of the Chief Wildlife
Warden-thereon.
There is not any National Parks,
Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves;
Migratory Corridors of Wild
Animals falls within 10 km radius
of the project hence map duly
authenticated by Chief Wildlife
Warden is not required.
v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly
authenticated by the Chief Wildlife
Warden of the State Government
for conservation of Schedule I
fauna, if any exists in the study
area.
Not any Schedule I fauna is exist
within study area of 10 km radius
hence Wildlife Conservation Plan
duly authenticated by the Chief
Wildlife Warden of the State
Government is not required.
vi. Copy of application submitted for
clearance under the Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972, to the
Standing Committee of the
There is not any National Parks,
Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves,
Migratory Corridors of Wild
Animals falls within 10 km radius
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-11
National Board for Wildlife. of the project hence clearance
under the Wildlife (Protection)
Act, 1972 is not required.
7. Expansion/modernization proposals:
i. Copy of all the Environmental
Clearance(s) including
Amendments thereto obtained for
the project from MoEF/SEIAA shall
be attached as an Annexure. A
certified copy of the latest
Monitoring Report of the Regional
Office of the Ministry of
Environment and Forests as per
circular dated 30th May, 2012 on
the status of compliance of
conditions stipulated in all the
existing environmental clearances
including Amendments should be
provided. In addition, status of
compliance of Consent to Operate
for the ongoing/existing operation
of the project from SPCB shall be
attached with the EIA-EMP report.
Not applicable as our is a
greenfield project.
ii. In case the existing project has
not obtained environmental
clearance, reasons for not taking
EC Under the provisions of the EIA
Notification 1994 and/or EIA
Notification 2006 shall be
provided. Copies of Consent to
Establish/No Objection Certificate
and Consent to Operate (in case of
units operating prior to EIA
Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of
FY 2005-2006) obtained from the
SPCB shall be submitted. Further,
compliance report to the
conditions of consents from the
SPCB shall be submitted.
Not applicable as our is a new
project.
Details of Industrial Operations
8. A list of major industries with name
and type within study area (10 km
radius) shall be incorporated.
Pls. refer table 1.3, page no. 1-25
of chapter-1 for name and type of
industries within 10 km radius.
9. Details of proposed raw materials and
products along with production
capacity. If expansion project, details
for existing unit, separately for
Our is a new unit.
List of products & raw materials
are given in table 2.3 & 2.4; page
no. 2-3 & 2-18 of chapter-2.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-12
existing and new (proposed) unit.
10. Details of manufacturing process,
major equipment and machinery. If
expansion project, details of existing
unit, separately for existing and new
(proposed) unit.
Our is a new unit.
List of major equipments and
machineries is given as sec. 2.8,
page no. 2-4 of chapter-2.
Pls. refer sec. 2.10, page no. 2-5
to 2-11 of chapter-2 for details of
manufacturing process.
11. List of raw materials required and its
source along with mode of
transportation shall be included. All
the trucks for raw material and
finished product transportation must
be “Environmentally Compliant”.
List of required raw materials,
source along with mode of
transportation is given in table
2.4; page no. 2-18 of chapter-2.
All hazardous chemicals will be
transported through approved
vehicle by concerned authority.
12. Quantity of fuel required, its source
and characteristics and documentary
evidence to substantiate confirmed
fuel linkage shall be furnished.
Pls. refer sec. 2.12 (c) and Table
2.6, page no. 2-13 & 2-21 of
chapter-2 for quantity of fuel.
Pls. refer table 2.7(b) & 2.7(c) on
page no. 2-23 for source of fuel &
its characteristics.
We have no CPP hence confirmed
fuel linkage may not require in our
case. Moreover, fuel is locally
easily available as per our
requirement.
13. Project site layout plan to scale using
AutoCAD showing raw materials, fly
ash and other storage plans, bore well
or water storage, aquifers (within 1
km) dumping, waste disposal, green
areas, water bodies, rivers/drainage
passing through the project site shall
be included.
Pls. refer figure 2.4, page no. 2-
33 of chapter-2 for layout plan.
14. Manufacturing process details of all
the plants including captive power
plant if any along with process flow
chart shall be included.
Pls. refer sec. 2.10, page no. 2-5
to 2-11 of chapter-2 for details of
manufacturing process.
We are not going set up captive
power plant hence not applicable.
15. Mass balance for the raw material and
products shall be included.
Pls. refer sec. 2.10, page no. 2-5
to 2-11 of chapter-2 for details of
mass balance data of raw
materials and products.
16. Energy balance data for all the
components of the plant shall be
incorporated.
Our is small scale unit and energy
balance data for all the
components of plant may not
technically feasible and may not
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-13
correct in our case.
Environmental Status
17. Geological features and Geo-
hydrological status of the study area
shall be included.
Hydrogeological status of the
study area is given in sec. 3.4;
page no. 3-10 of chapter-3.
18. Details of drainage of the project up
to 5 km radius of study area. If the
site is within 1 km radius of any major
river, peak and lean river discharge as
well as flood occurrence frequency
based on peak rainfall data of the past
30 years. Details of RL of the project
site and mRL of the river should also
be provided.
There is not any major river &
flood Hazard zone within 1 km
radius from the site hence this
point is not applicable.
19. One season site-specific micro-
meteorological data using
temperature, relative humidity, hourly
wind speed and direction and rainfall
and AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8
locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO
and HC (methane & non-methane)
should be collected. The monitoring
stations should take into account the
pre-dominant wind direction,
population zone and sensitive
receptors including reserved forests.
One season site-specific micro-
meteorological data are given in
sec. 3.3.3 on page no. 3-7 and
AAQ data are tabulated in table
no. 3.9 to 3.13 on page no. 3-22
to 3-26.
Figure 3.6 shows air monitoring
stations on page no. 3-47.
20. Surface water quality of nearby River
(60m upstream and downstream) and
other surface drains at eight locations
to be provided.
Our is Greenfield project. We are
not going to disposed off our
treated effluent into river hence,
60 m upstream and downstream
sampling may not require in our
case.
However, we have collected
samples from ponds, as a surface
water sources. Pls. refer Table
3.16, page no. 3-30 of chapter-3
for result of surface water
analysis.
21. Ground water monitoring minimum at
8 locations shall be included.
We have carried out ground water
monitoring at 8 locations in the
study area.
Results are tabulated in Table
3.15, page no. 3-29 of chapter-3.
22. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations
within the study area.
We have carried out noise level
monitoring at 8 locations in the
study area.
Monitoring results with locations
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-14
are tabulated in Table 3.18, page
no. 3-32 of chapter-3.
23. Traffic study of the area for the
proposed project in respect of existing
traffic, type of vehicles, frequency of
vehicles for transportation of
materials, additional traffic due to
proposed project, Parking
arrangement etc.
Pls. refer table 3.21, page no. 3-
34 of chapter-3 of EIA report for
traffic survey.
24. Detailed description on flora and
fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) exists
in the study area shall be given with
special reference to rare, endemic and
endangered species. If Schedule-I
fauna are found within the study area,
a Wildlife Conservation Plan shall be
prepared and furnished.
Pls. refer table 3.22 and 3.23 on
page no. 3-36 & 3-38 for details
of flora and fauna.
25. Emissions (g/second) with and
without the air pollution control
measures.
Pl. refers table no. 4.2, page no.
4-17 of chapter-4 for emissions
(g/second) with and without air
pollution control system.
26. Cumulative impact of all sources of
emissions (including transportation)
on the AAQ of the area shall be well
assessed. Details of the model used
and the input data used for modeling
shall also be provided. The air quality
contours should be plotted on a
location map showing the location of
project site, habitation nearby,
sensitive receptors, if any.
Pl. refer table no. 4.3, page no.
4-18 of chapter-4 for cumulative
impact.
Pls. sec. 4.3.7, page no. 4-7 and
table 4.1, page no. 4-16 of
chapter-4 for details of model
used and input data used for
modeling.
Pls. refer figure 4.1 to 4.5, page
no. 4-24 to 4-28 for the air quality
contours plotted on a location
map.
27. Impact of the transport of the raw
materials and end products on the
surrounding environment shall be
assessed and provided. In this regard,
options for transport of raw materials
and finished products and wastes
(large quantities) by rail or rail-cum
road transport or conveyor-cum-rail
transport shall be examined.
Estimated 15 to 17 nos. of trucks/
tanker will be in and out from our
factory premises.
28. Details of water requirement, water
balance chart for new unit or for
existing unit as well as proposed
expansion (in case of expansion).
Our is a new unit.
Water balance diagram is given as
figure 2.1; page no. 2-30 of
chapter-2.
29. Source of water supply and quantity Source of water supply will be
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-15
and permission of withdrawal of water
(surface/ground) from Competent
Authority.
from bore well. Our fresh water
demand will be 90.5 KLD. Our
area falls under the semi critical
zoning by CGWA hence may not
required permission up to 100
KLD drawn of water for industrial
purpose.
Pls. refer figure 2.1, page no. 2-
30 for quantity of water
requirement.
30. Details regarding quantity of effluents
generated, recycled and reused and
discharged to be provided. Methods
adopted/to be adopted for the water
conservation shall be included. Zero
discharge effluent concepts to be
adopted.
Pls. refer water balance diagram
figure 2.1, page no. 2-30 for
detailed water balance including
quantity of effluent generated,
recycled/reused.
31. A note on treatment of wastewater
from different plant operations, extent
recycled and reused for different
purposes shall be included. Complete
scheme of effluent treatment.
Characteristics of untreated and
treated effluent to meet the
prescribed standards of discharge
under E(P) Rules.
Pls. refer sec. 2.15.1, page no. 2-
15 for complete scheme of
wastewater treatment, reuse
/recycle details.
Pls. refer figure 2.2, page no. 2-
31 for diagram of ETP.
Pls. refer table 2.5 (a), page no.
2-20 for characteristics of
untreated and treated effluent.
32. Action plan for control of ambient air
quality parameters as per NAAQES
Standards for PM10, PM2.5, SO2 and
NOX, etc. as per GSR 826(E) dated
16th November, 2009.
Following steps will be taken to
control the air quality as per the
NAAQES standards notified by the
Ministry on 16th September, 2009.
Pucca road will be made.
Pneumatically transfer of raw
materials.
Adequate implementation of
APCM.
Effective implementation of air
pollution monitoring.
Development of greenbelt.
33. An action plan to control and monitor
secondary fugitive emissions from all
the sources as per the latest
permissible limits issued by the
Ministry vide G.S.R. 414(E) dated 30th
May, 2008.
All liquid raw materials and
finished products shall be
transport pneumatically. Solid
materials are handling in close
manner.
34. Action plan for solid/hazardous waste
generation, storage, utilization and
disposal. Copies of MOU regarding
Pls. refer table 2.12, page no. 2-
28 of chapter-2 for hazardous
waste details.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-16
utilization of solid waste shall also be
included. EMP shall include the
concept of waste minimization,
recycle/reuse/recover techniques,
Energy conservation and natural
resource conservation.
Our is very small qty. of residue
generation i.e. 0.7 MT/month. It is
difficult to directly sell to cement
manufacturer because of small
volume. We have approached to
one co-processing blending unit
working in Panoli and after
commissioning of the plant we will
send residue there for blending
and final co-processing.
Please refer sec. 10.7 of Chapter-
10 on page no. 10-11 for resource
conservation/waste minimization,
recycle/reuse techniques.
35. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be
ensured as per Fly Ash Notification,
1999 and subsequent amendment in
2003 and 2009. A detailed plan of
action should be provided.
Pls. refer sec. 10.5.3, page no.
10-7 of chapter-10 for fly ash
management and disposal details.
36. Action plan for the greenbelt
development plan in 33% area i.e.
land with not less than 1,500 trees
per ha. Giving details of species,
width of plantation, planning schedule
etc. shall be included. The green belt
shall be around the project boundary
and a scheme for greening of the
roads used for the project shall also
be incorporated. All rooftops/terraces
shall have some green cover.
Pls. refer sec. 10.6, page no. 10-8
of chapter-10 for green belt
development plan of 33% of
industrial area. Design details
along with methodology and type
of species are covered under this
section.
37. Action plan for rainwater harvesting
measures at plant site shall be
submitted to harvest rainwater from
the roof tops and storm water drains
to recharge the ground water and also
to use for the various activities at the
project site to conserve fresh water
and reduce the water requirement
from other sources. Rain water
harvesting and groundwater recharge
structures may also be constructed
outside the plant premises in
consultation with local Gram
Panchayats and Village Heads to
augment the ground water level.
Incorporation of water harvesting plan
for the project is necessary, if source
Pls. refer sec. 2.16.1, page no. 2-
17 of chapter-2 for rain water
harvesting details.
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of water is bore well.
38. Environment Management Plan (EMP)
to mitigate the adverse impacts due
to the project along with item wise
cost of its implementation. Total
capital cost and recurring cost/annum
for environmental pollution control
measures shall be included.
Pls. refer chapter-10 for detailed
EMP.
39. Details of Rehabilitation &
Resettlement (R & R) involving the
project. R&R shall be as per policy of
the State Govt. and a detailed action
plan shall be included.
No Rehabilitation & Resettlement
(R & R) is involve in this project.
40. Action plan for post-project
environmental monitoring shall be
submitted.
Pls. refer sec. 10.13, page no.
10.20 and table 10.3, page no.
10-24 of chapter-10 for details of
environmental monitoring plan.
41. Disaster Preparedness and Emergency
Management Plan including Risk
Assessment and damage control
needs to be addressed and included.
Pls. refer chapter-7 for risk
assessment.
Pls. refer sec. 7.14, page no. 7-28
of chapter-7 for disaster
management plan.
42. Occupational health:
i. Details of existing Occupational &
Safety Hazards. What are the
exposure levels of above
mentioned hazards and whether
they are within Permissible
Exposure Level (PEL). If these are
not within PEL, what measures the
company has adopted to keep
them within PEL so that health of
the workers can be preserved.
Our is Greenfield project.
Estimated work area quality with
TWA limit is summarized in Table
2.7(a), page no. 2-22 of Chapter-
2 which is well within the limit.
Pls. refer sec. 10.8, page no. 10-
12 of chapter-10 of EIA report for
Occupational health & safety
details.
ii. Details of exposure specific health
status evaluation of worker. If the
workers‟ health is being evaluated
by pre designed format, chest x
rays, Audiometry, Spirometry,
Vision testing (Far & Near vision,
color vision and any other ocular
defect) ECG, during pre-placement
and periodical examinations give
the details of the same. Details
regarding last month analyzed
data of abovementioned
parameters as per age, sex,
duration of exposure and
Activity proposed in sec. 10.9,
page no. 10-14 of chapter-10 of
EIA report.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-18
department wise.
iii. Annual report of health status of
workers with special reference to
Occupational Health and Safety.
Noted the point and we will
regularly submit annual report of
health status after commissioning
of the plant.
iv. Action plan for the implementation
of OHS standards as per
OSHAS/USEPA.
Noted the point and prepare
action plan for the implementation
of OHS standards. Unit proposed
to follow OSHAS 18001 standard
and obtain certification from
competent agency.
v. Plan and fund allocation to ensure
the occupational health & safety of
all contract and casual workers.
It is already proposed in EMS
plan.
43. Corporate Environment Policy
i. Does the company have a well laid
down Environment Policy approved
by its Board of Directors? If so, it
may be detailed in the EIA report.
ii. Does the Environment Policy
prescribe for standard operating
process / procedures to bring into
focus any infringement / deviation
/ violation of the environmental or
forest norms / conditions? If so, it
may be detailed in the EIA.
iii. What is the hierarchical system or
Administrative order of the
company to deal with the
environmental issues and for
ensuring compliance with the
environmental clearance
conditions? Details of this system
may be given.
iv. Does the company have system of
reporting of non-compliances /
violations of environmental norms
to the Board of Directors of the
company and / or shareholders or
stakeholders at large? This
reporting mechanism shall be
detailed in the EIA report.
Our is a proposed unit and there
will be an Environment Policy
approved by Director.
Pls. refer sec. 10.13 on page no.
10-22 of chapter-10 for
environment policy.
Environment Policy includes
standard operating process
including commitment from
management.
Pls. refer figure 10.1 of chapter-
10 on page no. 10-25.
Pls. refer sec. 10.14 of chapter-10
on page no. 10-22.
44. Details regarding infrastructure
facilities such as sanitation, fuel,
restroom etc. to be provided to the
labour force during construction as
well as to the casual workers including
Our is Greenfield project and all
the facilities will be provided
during the construction and
operational phase.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-19
truck drivers during operation phase.
45. At least 5% of the total cost of the
project shall be earmarked towards
the Enterprise Social Commitment
based on Public Hearing issues and
item-wise details along with time
bound action plan shall be included.
Socio-economic development
activities need to be elaborated upon.
Pls. refer sec. 10.10, page no. 10-
19 of chapter-10 for budget of
CSR activities.
46. Any litigation pending against the
project and/or any direction/order
passed by any Court of Law against
the project, if so, details thereof shall
also be included. Has the unit
received any notice under the Section
5 of Environment (Protection) Act,
1986 or relevant Sections of Air and
Water Acts? If so, details thereof and
compliance/ATR to the notice(s) and
present status of the case.
No, as this is a greenfield project.
47. The questionnaire for industry sector
(available on MoEF website) shall be
submitted as an Annexure to the EIA-
EMP Report.
Pls. refer Annexure-IV for
questionnaire for industry sector.
48. TORs‟ prescribed by the Expert
Appraisal Committee (Industry) shall
be considered for preparation of EIA-
EMP report for the project in addition
to all the relevant information as per
the „Generic Structure of EIA‟ given in
Appendix III and IIIA in the EIA
Notification, 2006. Where the
documents provided are in a language
other than English, an English
translation shall be provided. The
draft EIA-EMP report shall be
submitted to the State Pollution
Control Board of the concerned State
forconduct of Public Hearing. The
SPCB shall conduct the Public
Hearing/public consultation,
districtwise, as per the provisions of
EIA notification, 2006. The issues
raised in the Public Hearing and
during the consultation process and
the commitments made by the project
proponent on the same shall be
EIA report is prepared based on
TOR as well as generic structure
given in Appendix-III of EIA
Notification, 2006.
Public Hearing is yet to done.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-20
included separately in EIA-EMP Report
in the form of tabular chart with
financial budget (capital and revenue)
along with time-schedule of
implementation for complying with
the commitments made. The final EIA
report shall be submitted to the
Ministry for obtaining environmental
clearance.
49. A tabular chart with index for point
wise compliance of above TORs.
Done
50. The TORs prescribed shall be valid for
a period of two years for submission
of the EIA-EMP reports along with
Public Hearing Proceedings (wherever
stipulated).
Noted the point
ADDITIONAL TORs FOR SYNTHETIC ORGANIC CHEMICALS INDUSTRY
1. Manufacturing process details along
with the chemical reactions and
process flow chart.
Pls. refer sec. 2.10, page no. 2-5
of chapter-2 for details of
manufacturing process.
2. Name of all the solvents to be used in
the process and details of solvent
recovery system.
There is no use of any solvent in
manufacturing process or product
purification hence this condition is
not applicable in our case.
3. Design details of ETP, incinerator, if
any along with boiler, scrubbers/bag
filters etc.
Pls. refer table 2.13, page no. 2-
29 of chapter-2 for details of ETP
units. Refer table 2.8, page no. 2-
24 for technical specification of
boiler, table 2.9, page no. 2-25
for technical specification of TFH,
table 2.10, page no. 2-26 for
technical specification of bag
filter, table 2.11, page no. 2-27
for technical specification of
scrubber.
4. The details of solid and hazardous
wastes generation, storage, utilization
and disposal particularly related to the
hazardous waste, calorific value of
hazardous waste and detailed
characteristic of the hazardous waste.
Action plan for the disposal of fly ash
generated from boiler shall be
included.
Pls. refer table 2.12, page no. 2-
28 of chapter-2 for details of
hazardous waste.
Qty. of ETP sludge generation will
be very small and source of it is
utility only and having major part
of inorganic chemicals; hence no
need to give characteristics of
hazardous waste.
Generated ash will be stored in
storage yard & sell to brick
manufacturer.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-21
5. Precautions to be taken during
storage and transportation of
hazardous chemicals shall be clearly
mentioned and incorporated.
Pls. refer sec. 7.13, page no. 7-20
of chapter-7.
6. Material Safety Data Sheet for all the
Chemicals are being used/will be
used. CAS No./RTECS No./DOT/UN
etc to be mentioned against each
chemicals.
MSDS of major Haz. Chemicals
are given as Annexure-I.
7. Details of VOC monitoring in the
working zone environment and other
hazardous emissions such asChlorine,
HCl, etc. if any.
Pls. refer chapter-6 of EIA report.
8. Authorization/Membership for the
disposal of solid/hazardous waste in
TSDF.
Unit will obtain membership of
approve TSDF/CHWIF site before
establishment of the project.
9. Risk assessment for storage for
chemicals/solvents. Action plan for
handling & safety system.
Pls. refer chapter-7 risk
assessment for all the details.
10. Details of occupational health
programme.
i) To which chemicals, workers are
exposed directly or indirectly.
ii) Whether these chemicals are
within Threshold Limit Values
(TLV)/ Permissible Exposure
Levels as per ACGIH
recommendation.
iii) What measures company has
taken to keep these chemicals
within PEL/TLV.
iv) How the workers are evaluated
concerning their exposure to
chemicals during pre-placement
and periodical medical
monitoring.
v) Liver function tests (LFT) during
pre-placement and periodical
examination.
Pls. refer sec. 10.9 on page no.
10-14 of chapter-10 for
occupational health programme
details.
Refer sec. 10.9 (A, B, C) on page
no. 10-14 for list of chemicals,
and measures, details of Pre-
placement and periodical medical
monitoring of workers, LFT.
Pls. refer sec. 10.9 on page no.
10-14 of chapter-10 for mitigation
measures.
Pls. refer table 2.7(a), page no. 2-
22 of chapter-2 for threshold limit
& estimated results of Haz.
Chemicals.
11. A Toxic management Plan shall be
prepared.
No toxic chemicals will be handled
by unit hence not required.
12. A write up on “Safe Practice” followed
for handling, storage, transportation
and unloading of chemicals to be
submitted.
Pls. refer sec. 7.13, page no. 7-20
of chapter-7.
13. What are onsite and offsite Pls. refer section 7.15 & 7.19,
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-22
emergency plan during chemical
disaster.
page no. 7-31 & 7-43 of chapter-7
for onsite & offsite emergency
plan.
14. A write up on “Treatment of workers
affected by accidental spillage of
chemicals”.
Pls. refer sec. 7.12.1, page no. 7-
19 of chapter-7.
Points raised during public hearing and its compliances/ response from
project proponent/consultant.
Sr.
No.
Name and
Address
Point Represented Reply from the Project
Proponent
1 Shri Jayantibhai
Jethabhai Patel,
Sokhda Industrial
Association,
Ta: Khambhat,
Dist Anand.
He stated that looking to the
products and the presentation
made by M/s Karan
Intermediates Ltd., it seems
that there will be no waste
water discharge and hence no
water pollution from the unit.
He further said that there would
be some air pollution for which
they have proposed air pollution
control measures.
He added that he hoped that
the industry would run their air
pollution control measures such
that the air emission does not
cause any problems to the
farmers and their land. He then
welcomed the project to the
Sokhda area.
--
When there were no forthcoming questions from the audience, the Additional District
Collector, explained the project in brief once again to the people and encouraged them to
raise questions. He also stated that this industry was going to invest Rs. One Crore
towards EMS facilities and so the people could ask questions regarding where it was going
to be utilized. He also said that generally problems arose after an industry came up and
they had an opportunity to pose questions before the industry came up and hence they
should do so.
He then asked the project proponent, whether there were other similar projects in the
region. The representative of the industry replied that yes, there were around four
projects in the region manufacturing the same products but through a different route.
Sr.
No.
Name & Address Points represented Reply
2. Ms. Shweta
Thakkar,
Student of
Environmental
Planning,CEPT
She asked where would the
waste water be discharged?
The representative of the
project proponent replied
that only 8.5 KLD of the
treated waste water
would be reused, the rest
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-23
University,
Ahmedabad
She then asked when the
industry was going to release
HCl, Cl2 etc. into the
atmosphere, why was ambient
air quality monitoring carried
out only for four parameters of
PM10, PM2.5, SOx and NOx?
She further asked the depth of
water table in the area.
She then finally asked the
quantity of surface water and
underground water, which was
going to be used.
of the water used in
scrubbers would be
finally sold as by
products.
He replied that although
only these four
parameters were shown
in the presentation, HCl,
Cl2 and VOCs have also
been measured, which
has been given in the EIA
Report.
He replied that water
was found at around 30-
35 mtrs and was also a
little saline.
He replied that only
ground water was going
to be used for water
consumption in the
project.
3. Shri Pinakinbhai
Bhrahmbhatt,
Ex-President
Khambhat
Municipality
Ta: Khambhat
Dist: Anand
He stated that the people of the
area wanted industries to come
up so that employment was
generated.
He added that the authorities
would surely look at the EMS
measures before granting EC to
the project. He further stated
that, he & all the people of the
area welcomed projects that
followed all the Environmental
laws.
--
1.8 OBJECTIVE OF EIA
EIA is a policy and management tool for both planning and decision
making. EIA assists in identification, prediction and evaluation of the
foreseeable environmental consequences of proposed developmental and
industrial projects.
The objectives of the present EIA Study is to assess the impacts on various
environmental components due to the proposed project activity, identify
potential source of pollution, evaluate impact on environment and to
recommend appropriate environmental management system and
environment management plan for the unit to ensure that the adverse
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-24
impacts if any will be minimized. Moreover, to prepare an Environmental
Statement to indicate conclusively if the overall impacts are positive or
negative.
1.9 METHODOLOGY FOR EIA
Environmental Assessment (EA), another term used in the environmental
studies, refers to an understanding of the present status of environment
and a study of how to manage them. Keeping in view the nature and size
of the proposed project and industrial area and various guidelines
available, it was decided to cover an area of 10-km radius from the center
of proposed plant site for the purpose of environmental impact assessment
study. The methodology is briefly reported below and has been described
in this section.
Baseline data Collection
The baseline data for the impact zone have been generated for the
following environmental parameters:
Ambient Air Quality
Micrometeorology
Noise Levels
Surface and ground water quality
Soil Quality
Flora and fauna
Land use pattern
Socio-economics
The baseline status of the above environmental parameters has been
worked out based on the rapid monitoring/analysis carried out during the
study period of March-15 to May-15 supplemented by data collected
from various government departments, census publications etc. The data is
collected and analyzed as per the standard methods for establishing the
baseline data and to determine the impact of proposed activity on the
same.
Evaluation of Impact from Project Activities
The environmental Impact resulting from the various project activities,
have been identified, predicted and evaluated based on the study of
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-25
manufacturing process and other project related activities as well as
correlating the same with existing base line status.
Preparation of Environmental Management Plan
Environmental Management plan has been prepared covering pollution
prevention measures at source in terms of air and water pollution control
measures, solid waste/hazardous waste management, safety management,
green belt development, environmental surveillance and environmental
management team.
Finally, the detailed assessment of the resultant environmental impacts
have been made based on the impacts identification and evaluated from
the activities over the baseline status of various environmentalcomponents
to reduce the pollution and to delineate a comprehensive environment
management plan along with recommendations and suggestions to
improve environment management system.
1.10 DETAILS OF INDUSTRIES
Table 1.3
List of major industries working in 10 km radius of project site
Sr. No. Name of Industry Type of Industry
1. Gujarat Dye Chem Dye manufacturing
2. Ekta Pickles Food
3. Baroque Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd. Pharmaceuticals
4. Sheetal Chemical Industries Chemical
5. Cambay Organics Pvt. Ltd. Chemical
6. Gujarat Halogen Petrochem
Corporation
Chemical
7. Beni Agro Products Pvt. Ltd. AgroIndustry
8. Amrut Cattle Feed Food
9. Vachi Agro Products Agro industry
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-26
Figure 1.1
Location of the project site
Project Location
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-27
Figure 1.2
Google map of 10 km radius
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 1-28
Figure 1.3
Image showing all four boundaries coordinates of the site
N
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-1
Chapter-2
Project Description 2.1 INTRODUCTION
M/s. Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. is a proposed unit, located at Survey
No. 455 & 456, Village: Neja, Taluka: Khambhat, District: Anand,
Gujarat. Unit proposes to manufacture various types of Chlorinated
organic products as listed in Table No. 2.3 of this chapter. Total
production capacity of all products are tune around 1550 MT/month in
addition to this 2130 MT/month of by products, generate from pollution
control systems as a part of cleaner production.
2.2 TYPE OF PROJECT
Unit propose to manufacture Mono Chloro Acetic Acid (MCA), Chloro
Acetyl Chloride (CAC), Tri Chloro Acetyl Chloride (TCAC), Sodium Mono
Chloro Acetate (SMCA), Aluminum Chloride, and Ferric Chloride. As per
the EIA notification-2006 and time to time amendment therein, above
products are covered under 5(f) category- Synthetic organic chemicals
industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and intermediates
excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic organic chemicals,
other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical intermediates) and EC is
require prior to establishment of manufacturing facility.
2.3 NEED FOR THE PROJECT/JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT
Karan Intermediates proposed to manufacture above products by
considering present market scenario and expertise of same products in
terms of technical with good market exposure. There will not be any
industrial effluent discharge from the proposed project activities. As a
result, it will become easier for the management to produce above
products. There is ample market for National & International of these
products. In view of the availability of scientific staff that able to develop
sustainable process at relatively low cost, and high demand of product in
market company has decided to produce above products.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-2
2.4 PROJECT COST
The estimated cost of the project is around Rs. 650 lakhs. Out of this
around Rs. 100 lakhs will be invested for pollution control measures as
capital cost and around 20.0 lakhs as recurring cost of EMS per annum.
2.5 LAND REQUIREMENT
Total Area of project is 28025 m2, out of which 4500 m2 will be utilized
for current proposal and balance will be for future expansion. Current
utilization of land will consist of office building, storage for water, fuel,
chemicals, hazardous waste etc., plant facility, greenbelt area, parking
and approach road. Factory layout and site plan is also attached as
Figure 2.4 and 2.5.
Detail break of the area is given hereunder,
Table 2.1: Land breakup
Sr.
No.
Particular Area in m2
1. Plant Facilities, Storage of Chemicals/ Finished Goods
650
2. Storage (Water) Under Ground Tank 150
3. Storage (Hazardous Waste) 75
4. Chlorine Godown 200
5. Storage (Others) 100
6. Fuel Storage/Utilities 125
7. Internal Road(s) 1475
8. Greenbelt 1500
9. Office 100
10. Parking 50
11. Open to Sky 23525
12. Medical Room/Rest Room 50
13. Electric/DG Room 25
Total 28025 m2
2.6 DETAILS OF THE SITE:
The site is having location advantage with respect to availability of raw
materials, market proximity and infrastructure facility.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-3
Details of the project site are as given in following table:
Table 2.2 Location details
Sr.
No.
Particulars Details
1 Plant location
Survey No. 455 & 456
Village Neja
Taluka Khambhat
District Anand
State Gujarat
2 Site Coordinates
Latitude 22°20'21.90" N
Longitude 72°34'52.01" E
3 Nearest Railway Station Khambhat (5.5 km)
4 Nearest Airport Vadodara (66.5 km)
5 Nearest City Anand (40 km)
6 Nearest Town Khambhat (4.5 km)
7 Nearest Village Sokhada (1.7 km)
8 Nearest Highway State Highway 89- 2.05 km
9 Reserved/protected forest None within 10 km radius
2.7 SIZE OR MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION
Karan Intermediates envisage manufacturing following products:
Table: 2.3 Product details
Sr.
No.
Name of Products Quantity
(MT/Month)
1. Mono Chloro Acetic Acid (MCA) 300
2. Chloro Acetyl Chloride (CAC) 150
3. Tri Chloro Acetyl Chloride (TCAC) 150
4. Sulphur Mono Chloride 100
5. Aluminum Chloroide 350
6. Ferric Chloride 500
Total 1550
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-4
By product
1. Mother Liquor of MCA 55
2. Hydrochloric Acid (30%), sold or
captive consumption
1710
3. Sodium bi Sulphite (20-30%) 340
4. Sodium Hypochlorite (20%) 25
Total byproduct 2130
2.8 MACHINERIES AND UTILITY FOR EACH PLANT
Machinery and utility for CAC, TCAC & SMC
Sr.
No.
Name of the
Equipment/Machinery
Nos. Capacity
PROCESS VESSELS FOR CAC, TCAC, SMC
1. Reaction vessels – Glass Lined
Reactors (with glass lined
condensers)
1 9.0 KL
1 8.0 KL
2 6.0 KL each
1 4.0 KL
1 3.0 KL
2. Distillation vessels
(with glass lined condensers)
1 6.3 KL
1 4.0 KL
1 3.0 KL
1 9.0 KL
3. Scrubbing System 1 Set 3 Stage water scrubber
followed by alkali
scrubber for CAC &
TCAC plant
4. Storage Tanks [HDPE] 10 4 - 10.0 KL
2 – 25.0 KL 3 – 15.0 KL
1 – 5.0 KL
5. M. S. Jacketed Reactor 2 5.0 KL each
Utilities
1. Steam Boiler 1 1000 Kg/hour
2. Thermic fluid heater 1 4,00,000 K Cal/hr
3. Cooling tower 1 125 TR
4. Chilling plant 1 60 TR
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-5
Machinery and utility for MCA
Sr.
No.
Name of the equipment/
Machinery/Utilities
Nos. Capacity
1. Glass lined Reactor with cooling
and chilling condenser
1 6.3 KL
1 4.5 KL
1 9.0 KL
2. Centrifuge 4 ---
3. Crusher 1 ---
4. Chilling Plant 1 20 TR
5. Cooling Tower 2 125 TR each
6. Scrubbing System 1 Set 3 Stage water
scrubber followed by
alkali scrubber for
MCA Plant
7. SS Blender 2 1 KL Each
8. Fluidized Bed Dryer 1 ---
2.9 PROPOSED SCHEDULE FOR APPROVAL AND IMPLEMENTATION
Specifics Applied
under the
Act
Specifics for
approval or legal
procedure
Related
recent Status
Implementation
Proposed
Project
Under
Environment
Protection
Act, 1986
Environment
clearance for the
Proposed Project
from MoEF as per
the guideline of EIA
notification-2006
Submitted
Form I, TOR
presentation,
TORs awarded
on 03.07.15
Project will
executed after the
obtaining EC
obtain from MoEF.
Operation
of the
new
project
Under Air,
Water &
Environment
(Protection)
Act
CTE & CTO/CCA
from GPCB.
Shortly apply
for CTE/CCA to
GPCB.
Establishment
after EC/ CTE and
operate after
obtaining CC&A
2.10 DESCRIPTION OF MANUFACTURING PROCESS
2.10.1 Mono Chloro Acetic Acid (MCA):
Charge Acetic acid in the reactor. Heat the reactor to 1000C through hot
water circulation and start chlorination. Acetic acid is converted into Mono
chloro Acetic acid in presence of suitable catalyst.
During the process, HCl gas is generated, which is scrubbed through
scrubber and dissolved in water to convert 30% HCl liquor.
After completion of reaction, the mass is transferred in buckets for
crystallization where natural crystallization followed by induced cooling
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-6
systems. After around 70 hrs, pure MCA crystals are recovered though
centrifuging; MCA product is ready for packing.
The Mother liquor (ML) generated from centrifuge is separated out and
sold as ML of MCA.
Chemical Reaction:
CH3COOH + Cl2 -----------> ClCH2COOH + HCl
Mass balance and process flow diagram:
Input kg output kg
Acetic Acid 865
Sulphur mono Chloride 35.5 HCl 629
Liq. Chlorine 895 (Convert to byproduct 30%)- for sell
Acetic Anhydride 18.5
Mother Liquor of MCA 185
(by product for sell)
MCA 1000
Total 1814 Total 1814
Mono Chloro Acetic Acid
GLR
Crystallization
Centrifuge
Packing
Acetic Acid
Chlorine Monochloro acetic Acid
Hydrochloric Acid
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-7
2.10.2 Chloro Acetyl Chloride (CAC):
The MCA is directly taken to CAC reactors. At the desired temperature,
gradual addition of sulphur mono chloride. Then start chlorination. On the
completion of the reaction crude product is formed. The vent gases
evolved during the process sent to the scrubbing system for recovery of
by product and control the emission. The crude CAC thus formed is
distilled, condensed, collected and packed.
Chemical Reaction:
4ClCH2COOH + S2Cl2 + 3Cl2 ---------> 4ClCH2COCl + 2SO2 + 4HCl
Mass balance and process flow diagram:
Input Kg Output Kg
Mono Chloro Acetic Acid 935 Hydrochloric Acid (g) 566
Sulphur Mono Chloride 340 Sulphur Dioxide (g) 320
Chlorine 615 to APC System to
Mfg. SBS
Residue 4
CAC 1000
Total 1890 1890
Chloro Acetyl Chloride
CAC Reactor
Distillation
Sulphur Mono Chloride
Chloro Acetyl Chloride
Monochloro
acetic Acid Liquid
Chlorine Sulphur Dioxide
Hydrochloric Acid
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-8
2.10.3 Tri Chloro Acetyl Chloride (TCAC):
The acetic acid is taken into the TCAC reactor. At the desired temperature
gradual addition of sulphur mono chloride is carried out and chlorination
is started. On the completion of the reaction, crude product TCAC is
formed. The vent gases evolved during the process is sent to the
scrubbing system for recovery of by product and control of emission.
Chemical Reaction:
4CH3COOH + 15Cl2 + S2Cl2 ----------> 4CCl3COCl + 16HCl + SO2
Mass balance and Process Flow Diagram:
Input Kg Output Kg
Acetic Acid 510 HydroChloric Acid (g) 1610
Sulphur Mono Chloride 235 Sulphur Dioxide to 230
Liquid Chlorine 2100 APC System to
Mfg. SBS
Residue 5
TCAC 1000
Total 2845 Total 2845
Tri Chloro Acetyl Chloride
Glass Lined Reactors
Distillation
Glass Lined Reactors
Distillation
Liquid Chlorine
Tri Chloro
Acetyl Chloride
Acetic Acid Hydrochloric
Acid
Sulphur mono Chloride
Sulphur
Dioxide
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-9
2.10.4 Sulphur Mono Chloride:
Manufacturing Process
The Sulphur and Chlorine gas are charged in the M. S. jacketed reactor
having cooling facility. The cooling water is circulated in the jacket.
The liquid SMC is stored in storage tank.
Chemical Reaction:
S2 + Cl2 -----------> S2Cl2
Mass balance and process flow diagram:
Input kg Output kg
Sulphur 474
Chlorine 526
SMC 1000
Total 1000 Total 1000
Sulphur Mono Chloride
SMC Reactor
,
Sulphur Sulphur Mono Chloride
Chlorine
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-10
2.10.5 Aluminium Chloride:
Aluminum chloride solution is formed directly by the digestion of
aluminum hydroxide and hydrochloric acid. The reaction is carried out at
a temperature between 100 and 110°C. After the reaction, insoluble
aluminum hydroxide is removed by filtration and is used again at the
beginning of the process. The clear liquid is conditioned with water to get
the finished product of a well defined quality.
Chemical Reaction:
Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O
Mass balance and process flow diagram:
The process flow diagram for the manufacture of aluminium chloride
solution is given
Reactor Al(OH)3 590 KG
HCl(30%) 2750 KG
Filtration
Un-reacted Al (OH)3
Recycled
3340 KG AlCl3 (Solution 33-34%) 1000 KG AlCl3 (Dehydrate)
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-11
2.10.6 Ferric Chloride:
FeCl2 is produced by the reaction of scrap iron with hydrochloric acid at a
temperature of 80°C, hydrogen being released to the atmosphere. This
solution is converted into ferric chloride (FeCl3) by Chlorination.
Chemical Reaction:
1. Fe + 2HCl FeCl2 + H2
2. FeCl2 + ½ Cl2 (g) FeCl3
Mass balance and Process Flow Diagram:
Reactor HCl(30%) 1500 KG
Filtration
2065 KG FeCl3 solution 1000 KG FeCl3 (100% basis)
ML Recycle
Fe (Scrap) 445 KG
100 kg Sludge
Chlorination Cl2 220 KG
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-12
2.11 PROJECT COMPONENTS
Component of the project includes all facilities required for the operation
of the project with legal necessity.
a) Input requirements: Raw materials, Water, Fuel, Power etc.
b) Utility requirement: Boiler, TFH, Cooling tower, D.G. Set etc.
c) Treatment Facilities:
Water Treatment facilities: Primary treatment units
Air Pollution Facilities: Includes APC measures such as 3 Stage
water scrubber followed by alkali scrubber for MCA, CAC & TCAC
plant. Cyclone and bag filter for flue gas stacks.
Hazardous/solid waste facilities: It includes storage area.
d) Other facilities: It includes greenbelt area, Rain water harvesting
system etc.
All the components of the project are described in details hereunder,
Component Sub
component
Possible waste
or pollutants
Effect Mitigation
component
Process Manufacturing
machineries,
Raw material,
Water, Power
Process stack:
HCl, Chlorine,
SO2
Negative APC measures:
Water & Alkali
scrubbing
system
Utility Boiler, Cooling
tower, Water,
Power, Fuel
Flue gas stack
emission: SPM,
SO2, NOx
Negative
Bio-fuel
Cyclone and
bag filter
Utilized water No cautious
Impact
--
Treatment
Facility
Wastewater w/w generation
from utility
Moderate Primary
treatment
Air: flue gas
Stack and
Process stack
Minute quantity
of HCl, Chlorine &
SO2 from process
stack
No cautious
Impact
--
Haz. waste
Storage area
Residue & ETP
sludge:
Hazardous
-- Approved TSDF
site, CHWIF
incineration
facility
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-13
2.12 INPUT REQUIREMENTS
(a) Raw Material Requirement:
The details of the raw material requirement are given in Table 2.4.
(b) Water requirement:
The unit will satisfy its fresh water requirement by ground water source
because no alternative water source is available there. Total water
requirement will be tune around 99.0 KLD, out of which 90.5 KLD will be
fresh water requirement and 8.5 KLD will be treated w/w recycled.
Fresh water requirement will be mainly for scrubber, utilities, domestic
and gardening. The detailed breakup of the water consumption is given
in Table 2.5. The water balance diagram is given in Figure 2.1.
(c) Fuel:
Unit will use Bio-fuel-Briquette (produce from bio waste) as fuel. There
will be total two sources of air emission one is attached to Boiler and
thermic fluid heater and second attached to stand by D. G. Set. Total
fuel consumption will be tune around 12 TPD of Bio fuel and 75 lit/hr. of
HSD for D. G. Set.
(d) Power:
Total power requirement by unit will be tune around 225 kVA and it will
be fulfilled by Madhya Gujarat Vij Company Limited (MGVCL). Unit will
install 200 kVA of D.G. set to meet emergency power requirement and it
will be treated as standby power requirement and used only during
failure of power supply by state grid.
(e) Manpower:
The total manpower proposed for the plant operations shall be approx.
60 nos. which includes the manpower at all levels; i.e. manager,
supervisor & chemist, skilled workers and unskilled workers.
2.13 UTILITIES REQUIREMENTS
Boiler: There will be one steam boiler. About 5 KLD water will be used.
Cooling Tower: There will be two cooling tower with capacity of 125 TR
and around 20 KLD water required for cooling.
Scrubbing System: Largest portion of water will be required in the
water scrubber to absorb Gases evolved during reaction from process
to yield HCl & SBS solution, which will be sold as byproduct to the actual
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-14
users. Unit has proposed water scrubbers followed by alkali scrubber for
all reaction vessels. Scrubbing systems are shown in Figure: 2.3.
2.14 GENERATION OF POLLUTANTS
The sources of pollution will be as below;
2.14.1 Wastewater Generation
Source of water pollution is mainly from utilities. Total wastewater
generation will be 13 KLD (including industrial and non-industrial source),
out of which 8.5 KLD will be industrial wastewater, which will be recycle
in scrubber after Primary treatment & rest 4.5 KLD of domestic
wastewater will be sent to soak pit.
The details of the water consumption and wastewater generation are
depicted in Table: 2.5.
2.14.2 Gaseous Emission
There will be mainly two type of sources for air emissions i.e. Flue gas
emission & process gas emission.
Flue gas emission will be from common stack of Boiler & thermic fluid
heater and stand by D. G. Set.
Process emission will be from two stacks attached to reaction vessels of
MCA and CAC and TCAC.
Bio-fuel (Briquette) will be used as fuel for boiler and TFH. Most probable
emitted pollutants from flue gas stacks will be SPM, SO2 and NOx and
process pollutants will be HCl, Chlorine and SO2. Cyclone & Bag filter will
be provided as APCM to flue gas stack and 3 Stage water scrubber
followed by alkali scrubber will be provided to control of Air Emission emit
from process. Adequate height of chimney will be provided to all the
stacks for proper atmospheric dispersion.
Unit is also proposed to install D.G. set of 200 kVA capacity to fulfill
power requirement in case of non-availability of power/emergency, where
HSD will be used as a fuel. Probable pollutants likely to emit will be SPM,
SO2 and NOx, but it will not the constant source of emission as it will be
used in case of power failure only.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-15
Sources of fugitive emission:
The fugitive pollutants such as Acid fumes and Cl2 are likely to be emitted
from process area. However, it will be at acceptable level. Details of
fugitive emissions are given in Table 2.7 (a). Details of the stacks are
given in Table 2.6.
2.14.3 Hazardous/Solid waste generation
Sources of hazardous waste generation will be distillation ETP sludge,
residue, used oil, discarded containers and empty bags/liner.
The quantity of ETP sludge - 50 kg/month, distillation residues will be
maximum 0.7 MT/month, used oil is estimated around 100 lit/year,
empty bags & liners - 150 kg/month and discarded containers - 100
Nos./month.
The details of the hazardous waste with its category as per HWM rules are
given in Table 2.12.
2.14.4 Noise
The main sources of noise pollution will be from Boiler, TFH, reactors and
process plant etc. The noise level in the unit is well within the prescribed
limit.
2.15 POLLUTION CONTROL STRATEGY
The unit is equally conscious about the pollution control strategy. The
details of pollution control strategy for various parameters are given
hereunder,
2.15.1 Effluent Management
Source of the industrial wastewater generation will be from boiler blow
down & cooling bleed off; which will be around 8.5 KL/day. There will be
no discharge of industrial effluent as entire quantity of generated effluent
will be completely reused in scrubber as scrubbing media after primary
treatment.
The other source of wastewater generation will be domestic wastewater
of 4.5 KL/day; which will be disposed off to soak pit through septic tank.
Effluent treatment scheme:
Effluent from utilities will be pumped into equalization cum neutralization
tank. Lime is added for adjustment of pH. Then it will be taken to settling
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-16
tank. Treated water will be reuse for scrubber. Sludge will be taken to
sludge drying bed. The dried sludge will be packed in HDPE bags and sent
to TSDF site for land filling. Hence unit will achieve zero discharge of
effluent.
2.15.2 Air Pollution Control Measures
Sources of emissions will be flue gas emission from stack attached with
Boiler and thermic fluid heater. Bio-fuel (Briquette) will be used as fuel.
Cyclone and bag filter will be provided as APCM to flue gas stack. SPM,
SO2 and NOX will be the main pollutants from flue gas stacks.
Process gas emission will be from stack attached to reaction vessel of
MCA, CAC and TCAC. 3 Stage water scrubber followed by stage alkali
scrubber will be provided to the stack attached to reaction vessel of MCA.
3 stage water scrubber followed by alkalis scrubber will be provided to
the stack attached to reaction vessel of CAC and TCAC. Pollutants like
HCl, Cl2 and SO2 are likely to be emitted from process.
The unit also proposes adequate stack heights of 30 m for common stack
of Boiler and TFH and 21 m each for process stack for proper dispersion
of gaseous emission as per GPCB guideline. Thus, air pollution control
system proposed by the unit will be adequate to meet gaseous emission
norms. The details of stacks with their APC measures & height are given
in Table 2.6.
2.15.3 Hazardous/Solid Waste Management
Entire quantity of hazardous waste will be handled and disposed as per
(Management, Handling and Trans boundary Movement) Rules’2008,
amended time to time.
ETP sludge will be disposed off at approved TSDF site. Distillation residue
is sent to CHWI facility for incineration and used oil will be used within
premises as a lubricant or in case of excess sold to registered recyclers.
Whereas empty bags/liners and drums will sell to recyclers. The details of
solid waste disposal are given in Table 2.12.
2.15.4 Noise Pollution Control
The main noise generating sources in the plant are Boiler, reaction
vessels, TFH, APC system, plant & machinery etc. All these sources will
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-17
generate continuous noise. However, the noise transmitted outside the
plant boundary will be low because most of the noise generating
equipments will be in closed structures with low noise sources. Ear muff,
ear plug will be provided to all workers working at noisy area.
2.16 RESOURCE CONSERVATION
2.16.1 Rain Water Harvesting
Rain Water Harvesting is a method of utilizing rain water for domestic and
agricultural use, which is widely used throughout the world. Rain water
from terraces/rooftop areas shall be collected through rain water down-
take pipes & collected to catch basins or stored in rain water tanks.
However, the rain water from plant area and parking area may
contaminated and not advise to collect directly to catch basins. Rain
water harvesting pits shall be provided wherever feasible so that
maximum rain water recharged into the ground before it reaches the
storm water mains.
The unit proposes ground water recharging sump at low lying area which
will be connected to the storm water drainage system. Thus, by
recharging the ground water during the rain, unit wills efforts to balance
ground water. Unit will provide required no of percolation well for
rainwater harvesting, on the basis of calculation for rain water collected
from rooftop.
2.16.2 Green Belt Development
Total area for greenbelt development will be 1500 sqm, which will be
more than 33% of total land utilization for proposed project.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-18
Table 2.4
Raw Material Consumption, Source & Storage detail
Sr.
No.
Name of Raw Materials Quantity
(MT/Month)
Source Mode of
storage
Mono Chloro Acetic Acid (MCA)-300 MT/month
1 Acetic Acid 259.5 Indigenous Tank
2 Acetic Anhydride 5.55 Indigenous Tank
3 Chlorine 268.5 Indigenous Tonner
4 Sulphur mono chloride 10.65 Indigenous Tank
Chloro Acetyl Chloride (CAC)- 150 MT/month
1 Mono chloro acetic acid 140.25 Indigenous Bag
2 Sulphur mono chloride/Thionyl chloride
51.0 Indigenous Tank
3 Chlorine 92.25 Indigenous Tonner
Tri Chloride Acetic Acid (TCAA)-150 MT/month
1 Acetic Acid 76.5 Indigenous Tank
2 Sulphur mono chloride 35.25 Indigenous Tank
3 Chlorine 315 Indigenous Tonner
Sulphur Mono Chloride-100 MT/month
1 Sulphur 47.4 Indigenous --
2 Chlorine 52.6 Indigenous Tonner
Aluminum Chloroide-350 MT/month
1 Aluminum hydroxide 206.5 Indigenous Bag
2 Hydrochloric acid 962.5 Indigenous Tank
Ferric Chloride-500 MT/Month
1 Fe (Scrap) 222.5 Indigenous Truck
2 Hydrochloric acid 750 Indigenous Tank
3 Chlorine 110 Indigenous Tonner
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-19
Table 2.5
Break up of Water consumption & Wastewater generation
Sr.
No.
Category Water Consumption,
(KL/day)
Wastewater Generation,
(KL/day)
1. Domestic 5.0 4.5
2. Gardening 7.0 -
3. Industrial
i Process Nil Nil
ii Scrubbing system 59.0 Nil
iii Boiler 5.0 0.5
iv Cooling makeup 20.0 5.0
v Water Treatment 3.0 3.0
Total Industrial 87 8.5*
Total (1+2+3) 99 13.0
Recycle 8.5 -
Actual fresh water
requirement
90.5 -
* Total effluent generation from Industrial activities is 8.5 kl/day. After Primary
treatment it will be recycled in scrubber. Hence no industrial effluent will be
disposed off anywhere.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-20
Table 2.5 (a)
Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent
Parameters Characteristics
Before After
pH 6.5 7.5
TDS (mg/L) 1490 1550
SS (mg/L) 150 90
COD (mg/L) 180 80
BOD (mg/L) 45 <15
O&G (mg/L) 10 7.5
Sulphate (mg/L) 350 350
Chloride (mg/L) 450 410
Phenolic Compound (mg/L) <0.01 <0.01
Ammonical Nitrogen (mg/L) 50 30
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-21
Table 2.6
Details of Stacks
Sr.
No.
Stack
attached to
Fuel
Type
fuel
consumption
Stack
Height
(m)
APC
measures
Probable
Emission
Flue Gas Stacks
1 Steam boiler
(1000
kg/hour)
Bio
Fuel
12 TPD 30 Cyclone & Bag
filter
PM<150 mg/NM3
SO2<100 ppm
NOx<150 ppm
2 Thermic Fluid
Heater
(4 lac Kcal/hr)
Bio
Fuel
3 D.G. set
(200 kVA)
HSD 75 lit/hr. 11 --
Process Gas stack
1 Reaction
vessels
(MCA)
-- -- 21 3 Stage water
scrubber
followed by
alkali scrubber
HCl<20 mg/M3
Cl2<09 mg/M3
2 Reaction
vessels
(CAC & TCAC)
-- -- 21 3 Stage water
scrubber
followed by
alkali scrubber
HCl<20 mg/M3
Cl2<09 mg/M3
SO2<40 mg/M3
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-22
Table 2.7
Estimated emission of stacks
Sr.
No.
Stack attached
to
Stack
Temp.
(0C)
Velocity
(m/s)
Dia. of
stack
(m)
Stack
Height
in m
SPM
mg/
Nm3
SO2
mg/
Nm3
NOX
mg/
Nm3
1 Common stack of
Boiler & TFH
165 10.0 0.45 30 125 10 25
2 D.G. Set
(200 kVA)
180 15.0 0.150 11 85 25 30
3 Reaction vessels
(MCA)
50 7.5 0.300 21 HCl - 12 mg/m3
Cl2 - 3.5 mg/m3
4 Reaction vessels
(CAC & TCAC)
50 8.5 0.300 21 HCl - 13 mg/m3
SO2 - 16 mg/m3
Cl2 - 3.7 mg/m3
Table 2.7(a)
Estimated work area quality of chemicals with TLV/TWA limit
Sr.
No.
Name of Chemicals Results TLV/TWA
Limit
1 Chlorine 0.25 0.5 ppm
2 Acetic acid 7.0 10 ppm
3 Acetic anhydride 3.0 5 ppm
4 Thionyl chloride 0.2 1 ppm
5 SMC (Sulphur Mono Chloride) 0.4 1 ppm
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-23
Table 2.7 (b)
Source of Fuel
Name of Fuel
Source Distance from plant site
Mode of transportation
Bio fuel
(Briquette)
Local Supplier Within 70 km
from plant site
Road Tanker
transport
Table 2.7(c)
Fuel characteristics
Briquette Analysis
Ultimate analysis by % weight (Dry basis)
Component Briquette
Ash 12-15%
Moisture content, % Vol. Max. 3.0
G.C.V (Kcal/kg) 3200
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-24
Table 2.8
Technical specification of Boiler
Sr.
No.
Description Specifications
1 Feed water temperature 280 C
2 Net steam required 1 TPH
3 Normal Operating pressure 9.5 Kg/cm2
4 Temperature at min load required 1700 C
5 Temperature at MCR 1800 C
6 Emission levels As per the GPCB Norms
7 Available air pressure 3 Kg/Cm2(g)
8 Silencers for air vents and Safety
valves required
< 85 dB(A)
9 Sound from FD fan (1Mtr distance) < 85 dB(A)
10 Automatic combustion control
Auto regulation is required for
Air, Fuel for complete combustion
of fuel by maintaining O2% below
4.5%
11 Type of Fuel to be used Bio fuel (Agro Briquette)
12 AWLC System With water Level
Brass Headers
Automatic Water Level
Controllers
13 TDS of feed water < 5 ppm
14 Agro Briquette 3200 Kcal/kg GCV
(Kg/hr.)
250
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-25
Table 2.9
Technical specification of Thermic Fluid Heater
Sr.
No.
Description Unit Technical
Specifications
A. Heater Performance
Heat Load Kcal/hr 4,00,000
Max. Thermic Fluid Outlet Temp 0C 240
Flow rate m3/hr 24
Efficiency in full load on GSV Basic as
per BS 845
Bio fuel 85%
Thermic Fluid Temperature Rise
(Delta T)
0C 34
B. Heater Construction Features
Heat Transfer Area m2 350
Coil hold up capacity Liters 2280
Pressure drop on coil side Mlc 22
C. Material of Construction
Tubes Type BS-3059
Tube OD mm 76.2
Tube thickness mm 3.66
D. Thermic Fluid Pump
Flow (Capacity) m3/hr 24
Head Mlc 60
Power Hp 10
E. Air Pre-heater
Heat Transfer Area m2 18
F. Furnace Dimensions
Length mm 1500
Width mm 800
Height mm 1000
G. I.D. Fan
Flow M3/min 60
Head Static Mmwc 190
Power HP 5
H. Fuel Consumption
Agro Briquette 3200 Kcal/kg GCV Kg/hr. 250
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-26
Table 2.10
Technical specification of Bag filter
Sr.
No.
Particulars Unit Specification
1 Application - Particulate from Boiler +
TFH
2 Fuel - Agro Briquette
3 Bulk density of Ash Kg/m3 0.6-0.8
4 Operation - Negative Pressure
5 Location - Before ID Fan
6 Operating Temp. Deg C 200 Avg.
7 Equipment - On line Reverse Pulse
Jet bag filter
8 Capacity m3/hr. 5000
9 Air to cloth ratio m3/min/m2 0.97
10 Inlet gas temperature Deg. C. 180
11 Inlet dust loading Gm/m3 2.0
12 Outlet dust emission mg/Nm3 Less than 150
13 Pressure drop across the
Bag Filter (flange to flange)
– max
Mm wg 150
14 Bag specifications
a Material - Non-Woven Glass fiber
Treated with PTFE
b Bag Fitting - Snap band
c Sp. Weight g/m2 900
d Thickness Mm 2
e Bag Size Mm Dia 150 x 3600 L
f No. of bags Nos. 64
g Filter Area per bag - 1.69 m2
h Total filtering area m2 108
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-27
Table 2.11
Technical specification of Scrubber
Sr. No.
Details HCl Scrubber-3 Sets Alkali Scrubber
1. Primary Scrubbing tank
2.0 KL HDPE 4 (Nos.)
2.0 KL HDPE
2. Pump Capacity 10 m3/hr
PP/PTFE lined
10 m3/hr
PP/PTFE lined
3. Motor 3.0 HP/2900 RPM 3 HP/2900 RPM
4. Column height/Dia. 2.5 mts HDPE/12.0” 5.0 mts HDPE/12.0”
5. Packing 1” HDPE Rashing ring 1” PP pipe pieces
6. Scrubbing media Water/Dil. HCl Caustic soln
7. Stack height/ Dia. -- 11 mts/12.0”
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-28
Table 2.12
Details of Hazardous Waste
Sr. No.
Type of Waste
Category of Waste as per HWM Rules
2008
Quantity Disposal facility
1. ETP sludge 34.3 50 kg/month Collection, Storage, Transportation & Disposal
to TSDF site for landfilling
2. Distillation
Residue
36.4 0.7 MT/month Collection, Storage,
Transportation & Disposal to CHWI facility for
incineration.
3. Used Oil 5.1
0.1 kl/year Collection, Storage & Reused for internal lubrication purpose.
In case of excess sold to registered re-processors.
4. Discarded Containers,
Bags
33.3 100 Nos./month
150 kg/month
collection, storage, transportation & disposal by
selling to Authorize recyclers.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-29
Table 2.13
Details of Effluent Treatment Plant
Sr.
No.
Name of unit Dimensions (m) Capacity
(m3)
1. Equalization cum
neutralization Tank
2.0 x 2.0 x 3.0 12.0
2. Filter nutch 1.2 x 1.2 x 1.0 -
3. Final treated collection
tank
2.0 x 2.0 x 3.0 12.0
4. Sludge drying bed 1.2 x 1.2 x 1.0 1.44 m2
surface area
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-30
Figure 2.1
Water Balance Diagram
Total Water Consumption-99 KLD
8.5 (recycle) +90.5 (fresh) KLD
Process Nil
Domestic
5 KLD
Sodium
Bi-Sulphite
10 KLD
Greenbelt
7 KLD
Blow down
4.5 KLD
Sodium
Hypochlorite 1 KLD
HCl
48 KLD
All by products
No waste water
generation
Scrubber
8.5*+50.5 KLD
Utility 28
Water
treatment 28
Cooling20
Boiler
5
Bleed off
Effluent 3.0+0.5+5.0=8.5*
Soak pit
Reject
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-31
Figure 2.2
Flow Diagram of ETP
Filter Nutch
Sludge
drying bed
Equalization cum
Neutralization Tank
Raw Effluent
Treated effluent
collection tank
Sludge to TSDF
Recycle in scrubber
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-32
Figure 2.3
Scrubbing system
1st stage
Scrubber
Inlet of
Pollutant
2nd
stage
Scrubber
Pump
3rd
stage Scrubber
Alkali Scrubber
Pump
Pump
Pump
To vent/Stack
5-10% Caustic Cons HCl
(28-30%)
Dil HCl (5-10%)
Dil HCl (2-5%)
Water
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-33
Figure 2.4
Plant Layout
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 2-34
Figure 2.5
Key Plan
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-1
Chapter-3
Baseline Environmental Status
3.1 Prelude
To assess environmental impacts from proposed project at a specific
location, it is essential to monitor the environmental quality prevailing in
the surrounding area prior to implementation of the proposed project.
The environmental status within the impact zone could be used for
identification of significant environmental issues to be addressed in the
impact assessment study.
In order to identify and establish the extent of likely impacts, it is
essential to gather information on existing environmental quality with
regard to various components of the environment.
3.1.1 Study area
M/s. Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. is proposed to be located at Survey
No. 455 & 456, Village: Neja, Taluka: Khambhat, Dist.: Anand. The
baseline study was carried out within 10 km radius (as per TOR) from the
center of the proposed project.
3.1.2 Period of the Study area
The baseline study of the proposed project was carried out during March-
2015 to May-2015 within 10 km radius from the center of the proposed
project.
3.1.3 Basic Component of the Environment
The basic component of study of the present environment is obligatory to
predict the environmental impact on the study area; therefore it is
necessary to discriminate the various components of which Environment
made.
Environment consists of Atmosphere, Hydrosphere, Lithosphere and
Biosphere. These Environment components have been considered for the
study of the Existing environment. They are as follows:
(I) Lithosphere: It includes the terrain and landscape study. Such as
a) Topography and Geology of the study area
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(II) Hydrosphere or Water Environment: It includes water quality of the
study area by means of
a) Surface water quality
b) Ground water quality
(III) Atmosphere or Air Environment: Atmospheric condition mainly depend
upon the
a) Climatic condition, and
b) Micrometeorological data such as wind, temperature, humidity,
Rainfall etc. of the project area.
(IV) Biosphere: Ecological systems consist of varieties of interrelationship
between both abiotic and biotic components including dependence,
competition and mutualism. Biotic components comprises of both plant
and animal communities, which interact not only within and between
themselves but also with the abiotic physical and chemical components of
the environment. Whereas biotic component includes study of
a) Fauna: Study of the animal
b) Flora: Study of the Plant
(V) Other Component: Other component of the surrounding area includes
Socio- Economic data and noise level data of the surrounding area.
Survey for above all components of the study area and data collected by
means of Primary and Secondary data are described from Sec: 3.3 to
3.9.
3.1.4 Methodology
(a) AIR ENVIRONMENT MONITORING:
Process:
Reconnaissance
Design of Network for AAQM Stations (fig: 3.6 shown all eight Air
monitoring stations counting project site)
Air quality monitoring or data collection
Sample analysis
Methodology:
To understand the Air environment in the study area, monitoring of the air
quality was done by setting up reconnaissance and using Respirable Dust
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Sampler (RDS) & Fine Particulate Sampler for monitoring of PM10, PM2.5, SO2,
NOX. Details of methodology are given in below table.
Table 3.1: Methodology of Ambient Air Monitoring
Sampling
Parameters
Sampling
equipment
Analytical
Equipment
Sensitivity
/Detection
Limit
Methodology
PM10 Respirable Dust
Sampler with
Cyclone & Flow
measurement
Electronic
balance
1 μg/m3 Gravimetric
IS: 5182 (Part 23)
2006
PM2.5 Fine Particulate
Sampler
Electronic
balance
1 μg/m3 Guideline for the
measurement of
ambient air pollutant
Volume-1 by CPCB,
2011, Gravimetric
SO2 Gaseous flow
attachment with
RDS Sampler
Spectro
photometer
0.002 ppm Colorimetric
IS: 5182: (Part II)
2001
NOx Gaseous flow
attachment with
RDS Sampler
Spectro
photometer
0.002 ppm Colorimetric
IS: 5182: (Part VI)
2006
VOC Grab samples Gas
Chromatograph
0.01 ppm
As per equipment
manual
(b) WATER ENVIRONMENT MONITORING:
Process:
Reconnaissance
Design of network stations for collection of water sample (fig: 3.8 shows
all eight water sample stations)
Sample collection & preservation
Analysis of water quality by using following methodology
Methodology for water sample collection:
Water sampler was use for collection of surface water sample. Sampling
locations with source & date of sampling is given in table below:
Table 3.2: Surface Water Sampling Locations
Sample
Code
Location Date of
Sampling
Source Taluka District
SW1 Khambhat 27/04/15 Pond Khambhat Anand
SW2 Neja 27/04/15 Pond Khambhat Anand
SW3 Dhuvaran 29/04/15 Pond Khambhat Anand
Methodology for water sample Analysis:
To understand the water quality of the study area, analysis of sample
collected from all eight locations including the plant site was conducted as
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per IS: 10500: 2012 of drinking water or APHA (American Public Health
Association). Details are given in below table:
Table 3.3: Ground Water Sampling Locations
Sample Code
Locations Date of Sampling
Source Taluka District
GW1 Nr. Project site 29/04/15 Tube well Water
Khambhat Anand
GW2 Neja village 27/04/15 Tube well
Water
Khambhat Anand
GW3 Navagam Bara
village
29/04/15 Tube well
Water
Khambhat Anand
GW4 Lunej village 28/04/15 Tube well Water
Khambhat Anand
GW5 Sokhada village 28/04/15 Tube well
Water
Khambhat Anand
GW6 Khambhat 27/04/15 Tube well
Water
Khambhat Anand
GW7 Paldi village 28/04/15 Tube well Water
Khambhat Anand
GW8 Nagra village 27/04/15 Tube well Water
Khambhat Anand
(c) LAND ENVIRONMENT MONITORING:
Reconnaissance
Design of network stations for collection of soil sample (fig: 3.10 shows
all six soil sample collection stations counting project site)
Sample collection
Physico-Chemical analysis of soil based on following methodology
Methodology for soil sample collection:
Undisturbed top soil samples were collected manually using hammer and
container tube. Sampling locations with date of sampling is given in table
below:
Table 3.4: Surface soil sampling locations
Sample
code
Locations Date of
sampling
Tehsil District
S1 Plant site 29/04/15 Khambhat Anand
S2 Neja village 27/04/15 Khambhat Anand
S3 Lunej village 28/04/15 Khambhat Anand
S4 Sokhda village 28/04/15 Khambhat Anand
S5 Paldi village 28/04/15 Khambhat Anand
S6 Nagra village 27/04/15 Khambhat Anand
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Methodology for analysis:
To understand the soil quality of the study area, analysis of all six locations
including the plant site was conducted by making suspension of soil sample
and analysis were done by using following methodology.
Table 3.5: Soil Sample analysis methodology
Sampling
Parameters
Sample
collection
Analytical
Equipment
Methodology
Remarks
Porosity
Manual
sample
collection
using
hammer and
container tube
for
collecting
undisturbed
top soil
- IS: 2720 Part 7 Trial pit method
for topsoil
sample
collection;
disturbed
samples
Water holding
capacity
- -
Permeability - IS: 2720 Part 17
Moisture
content
Electronic
Balance
IS: 2720 Part 2
Texture - IS: 2720 Part 4
Particle size
Distribution
Glass wares
IS: 2720 Part 4
5% Leachate to
be made and
analyzed as per
APHA,
“Standard
Methods”
All method
numbers are as
per APHA
“Standard
Methods”
(22nd
edition)
Cation
Exchange
Capacity
Centrifuge
IS: 2720 Part 24
(1976)
SAR
F. Photometer
(Na, K)
Titration
(Ca & Mg)
Calculation
pH pH Meter 4500 H+B
Electrical
Conductivity
Conductivity
Meter
As per IS 14767
-2000
Calcium Glass wares 3500 Ca B
Magnesium Glass wares 3500 Mg B
Sodium (Na) Flame
Photometer
3500 Na B
Potassium
Flame
Photometer
3500 K B
(d) NOISE ENVIRONMENT MONITORING:
Reconnaissance
Design of network stations for noise monitoring (fig: 3.9 shows all eight
noise monitoring stations counting project site)
Methodology:
To understand the noise environment in the study area, a survey was
conducted using Sound Level Meter at each of the eight locations including
the plant site.
Monitoring methodology of noise is given in below table.
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Table 3.6: Monitoring Methodology of Noise
Environment
Component
Sampling
Location
Sampling
Parameter
Sampling
Frequency
Sampling
Equipment
Detection
Limit
Ambient Noise levels
08 Locations
Decibels – dB (A)
Once during the study
Hourly reading
for 24 hours at
each location
Noise Level Meter
0.1 dB (A)
3.2 Establishment of baseline for valued environmental components
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies need a significant
amount of primary and secondary baseline environmental data.
The primary baseline environmental data are those which need to be
collected in the field to define the status of environment (like air quality
data, water quality data, noise quality etc.).
The secondary baseline environmental data are those data which
have been collected over the years and can be used to understand the
existing environmental scenario of the study area by any recognized
agencies. (Such as Used IMD data for micrometeorological data- rainfall,
humidity and Census data for Socio Economic etc.)
The environmental impact assessment (EIA) studies are conducted over a
short period of time and therefore the understanding the environmental
trends based on few months of primary data has its own limitations.
Ideally, the primary data has to be considered along with the secondary
data for complete understanding of the existing environmental status of
the area.
3.3 Air Environment
The impact on air environment would depend and has been identified on
the basis of identification of sources of air pollution from various process
operations; the nature of pollutants and their quantities likely to be
discharged to the atmosphere; and the baseline data on air quality.
The baseline data on air quality and micrometeorological conditions of the
area surrounding the project site have been generated through an
appropriately designed network for monitoring of Ambient Air Quality
(AAQ) within the zone of likely impacts.
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3.3.1 Design of Network for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
The following criteria were taken into account while designing the
ambient air quality-monitoring network:
Topography/Terrain of the study area
Populated areas within the region
Prediction of maximum concentrations and distances of their likely
occurrence under prevailing meteorological conditions
Representation of regional background
Representation of valid cross sectional distribution in downwind
direction
3.3.2 Reconnaissance
Reconnaissance was undertaken to establish the baseline status of air
environment in the study region. The prime objective of the NAAQ
survey, within 10 km radial study area around the plant was to establish
the existing ambient air quality levels. Eight Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring (AAQM) stations including project site were selected based on
the criteria used for designing the network. The locations (relative
directions and distances) of these stations with respect to project site are
given in Table 3.7 and details of these stations are shown in Figure 3.6.
The Particulate Matter (PM10), Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Sulphur Dioxide
(SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), CO, HC (methane & non-methane)
and VOCs were identified as significant parameters for ambient air quality
monitoring, particularly because these are likely to be emitted from the
industries and for which ambient air quality standards are prescribed. The
micrometeorological data on wind speed, wind direction, temperature and
relative humidity were collected through a weather monitoring station for
the study period. The baseline status of air quality was monitored within
the study area i.e. 10 km radial distance from project site as per the
latest regulatory guidelines.
3.3.3 Micrometeorology of the area
The micrometeorological conditions at the project site will regulate the
transport and diffusion of air pollutants released into the atmosphere. The
principle meteorological variables are horizontal convective transport
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(average wind speed and direction), vertical convective transport
(atmospheric stability, mixing height) and topography of the area. The
data on surface meteorological parameters (hourly average wind speed
and direction) in the study area were collected during the March-2015
to May-2015 using portable weather monitoring station placed at
industry site. The sensors of this equipment were kept at about 10 m
above ground level with free exposure to the atmosphere all through the
study period. In addition, data on temperature as well relative humidity
were also recorded simultaneously using a data logger.
Wind Rose (Secondary data)
The 24 hourly wind rose was prepared using the data on wind direction
and speed collected during March-2015 to May-2015 in the study area.
The same, as depicted in Figure 3.7, shows the predominant wind
directions are NNE, NE, ENE, E, ESE and SE implying that wind comes
from these directions for most of the time during the period. The wind
speed class 1-5 kmph occurred for 0.0%, 6-10 kmph about 43.02%, 11-
15 kmph 28.67% and above 15 kmph and below 30 kmph occurred for
17.53% of the study duration and of the time. The calm condition (below
1 kmph) prevails 10.78% of time. The wind data generated at site were
also compared with the climatologically data obtained from the nearest
Indian Meteorological Department station at Vadodara. The local
prevailing wind pattern during the study period is in conformity with the
climatologically normal of the region.
Temperature (Primary data)
During the study period, the maximum temperature was recorded as
44.0°C and minimum was 20.0°C.
Relative Humidity (Primary data)
During study period, the maximum relative humidity was recorded as
75% and min. was 13%.
Rainfall (Primary data)
No rainfall during the study period at project site.
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3.3.4 Ambient Air Quality Survey
The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at eight AAQM
locations, with a frequency of twice a week to assess the existing
sub-regional air quality status during the period of March-2015 to May-
2015. The Respirable Dust Sampler and Fine Particulate Sampler along
with the analytical methods prescribed by CPCB were used for carrying
out air quality monitoring. At all these sampling locations; PM10, PM2.5,
SO2, NOx, CO, HC (methane & non-methane) and VOCs were monitored
on 24-hourly basis to enable the comparison with ambient air quality
standards prescribed by the Central Pollution Control Board.
The data on concentrations of various pollutants were processed for
different statistical parameters like arithmetic mean, standard deviation,
minimum and maximum concentration and various percentile values.
3.3.5 Baseline Status
The existing baseline levels with respect to PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, CO, HC
(methane & non-methane) and VOCs are presented in Tables 3.9 to
3.13 with interpretation of statistical analysis of observed ambient air
quality data for eight locations. Presented results, represent the cross
sectional distribution of baseline air quality status of the study region.
Particulate Matter (PM10)
An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly PM10 values at all the
locations varied between 53.1-64.7 g/m3 and 60.8-71.4 g/m3, which
are well within the stipulated standard of CPCB, 100 g/m3.
Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly PM2.5 values at all the
locations varied between 28.5-34.2 g/m3 and 33.6-40.9 g/m3, which
are well within the stipulated standard of CPCB, 60 g/m3.
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly SO2 value of arithmetic
mean at all the locations ranged between 10.6-13.5 g/m3 and 12.1-16.6
g/m3 respectively, which are well within the stipulated standards of 80
g/m3.
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Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
An average and 98th percentile value of 24 hourly NOx value of arithmetic
mean at all the locations ranged between 12.8-15.7 g/m3 and 14.5-18.3
g/m3 respectively, which are much lower than the standards stipulated
by CPCB, i.e. 80 g/m3.
3.4 Hydro-geological status of the study area
Anand District is in the central part of Gujarat, which is also known as
Charotar Area. Study area Khambhat falls under salt flat and partly under
Deccan plateau and Alluvial plain. Average rainfall in the Anand districts is
638 mm which is main recharging source of ground water. Main
lithological unit present in the area is shale associated with minor sand /
siltstone/ sandstone horizon. On the basis of geological formations, area
categorized in to hydrogeological units viz. Quaternary Alluvium (clay &
sand) formations and Deccan traps. Tertiary formations are present in
large part of area forming a poor aquifer due to argillaceous nature of
sediments. Rivers Mahi & Sabarmati drain from two sides of the district.
The topography is plain. Chemical quality of water samples collected
reveals concentration of various parameters far beyond desirable limits of
IS 10500.
Soil/Rock Strata
The subsoil strata of the study area consist of a mixture of Sand, sandy
gravel with clay as binder in the top 5-7 m. Thereafter the strata of about
35 m is a thick layer of Grayish-blue clay having very hard to stiff
consistency tending to rock like formation.
GEOHYDROLOGY
The sand and gravel beds are the water bearing formations. The ground
water occurs under confined and semi confined conditions. Generally tube
wells are drilled in the depth range of 60 to 150 meters in Anand,
Umreth, Anklav, Borsad & Petlad talukas. In Sojitra and Khambhat
talukas the tube wells are drilled in the range of 60 to 180 meters for
potable water quality. In certain portion of these two talukas the ground
water is brackish up to 90 meters and potable water is met within the
aquifers between 90 to 180 meters. The ground water available in some
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parts of Khambhat taluka is non-potable. CGWA has also categorized the
area of Khambhat Taluka under category of overexploited.
3.5 Water Environment
Water is one of the essential requirements of living elements. Also it is an
essential requirement for many of the industrial activities. The change in
quality of water may bring about an adverse impact on the entire
environment. Due to their physical, chemical and biological interrelations,
change in water quality parameter may trigger changes in other
variables. Physico-chemical parameters have been analyzed to ascertain
the baseline status of fresh water.
There are mainly two types of water available in the region: surface water
and ground water.
Surface Water: There are surface water bodies like lakes, village
pond/reservoir in the study area. Surface water samples were collected
from pond of Khambhat & pond of village Neja and Dhuvaran. Table:
3.16 show the analysis of the same.
Ground water: Ground water is the major/important source of water
supply in the study area. Water samples have been collected from nearby
project site and different seven villages (Neja, Navagam, Lunej, Sokhada,
Khambhat, Paldi & Nagra). Table: 3.15 show the analysis of the same.
3.5.1 Ground Water Quality (Primary data)
Collected water samples were analyzed for various desirable
characteristics of ground water. Sampling location is shown in Figure
3.8. The results are shown in Table 3.15.
Color: All the samples were colorless meeting desirable norms.
pH: All the samples meet the desirable standards (pH ranges from 7.2 to
7.8).
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS in samples ranges from 1253 mg/L
(Khambhat) to 2318 mg/L (Navagam Bara). All the samples meet the
permissible limit of 2000 mg/L (If alternate sources of potable water are
not available), except Navagam Bara.
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Calcium: Calcium contents in the water ranges from 44 mg/L (Neja) to
102 mg/L (Navagam Bara), all the samples meet the permissible limit of
200 mg/L (If alternate sources of potable water are not available).
Magnesium: Magnesium content in the water ranges from 47 mg/L
(Paldi) to 95 mg/L (Lunej). All the samples meet even the permissible
limit of 100 mg/L (if alternate source of potable water in not available).
Sulphate: Sulphate content in the water ranges from 89 mg/L (Nr.
Project site) to 119 mg/L (Nagra). All the samples meet the desirable
limit of 200 mg/L for drinking water.
Fluoride: Fluoride content in the water ranges from 0.49 mg/L (Nagra)
to 0.65 mg/L (Nr. Project site). All the samples meet the desirable limit
(1.0 mg/L).
Total Alkalinity: Total alkalinity in the water samples ranges from 307
mg/L (Navagam Bara) to 345 mg/L (Lunej). All the samples are within
the permissible limit of drinking water (600 mg/L) (if alternate source of
portable water is not available).
Other Parameters: Potassium (ranges from 59 mg/L to 94 mg/L),
Sodium (ranges from 343 mg/L to 518 mg/L) and Chloride (ranges from
563 mg/L to 1096 mg/L).
Heavy metals like copper, lead, chromium and zinc are found below
detectable limit in all samples.
Conclusions: Ground water samples from villages meet the permissible
limit set by the authority (BIS) except for TDS & Chloride (Navagam
Bara). Indian Standard specification for drinking water is given in Table
3.17.
3.6 Noise Environment (Primary data)
3.6.1 Introduction
Noise can be defined as an unwanted sound. It interferes with speech and
hearing and is intense enough to damage hearing or is otherwise
annoying. The definition of noise as unwanted sound implies that it has
an adverse effect on human beings and their environment. Noise can also
disturb natural wildlife and ecological system.
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Sound is mechanical energy from a vibrating surface, transmitted by
cyclic series of compression and rarefaction of molecules of the materials
through which it passes. Sound can be transmitted through gases, liquids
and solids. The number of compressions and refractions of the air
molecules in the unit of time is described as its frequency. Frequency is
expressed in hertz (Hz), which is the same as the number of cycles per
second.
3.6.2 Methodology
To understand the noise environment in the study area, a survey was
conducted using Sound Level Meter at each of the eight locations
including the plant site as shown in Figure 3.9.
3.6.3 Day-Time and Night-Time Noise Levels
Noise survey was carried out once at each of the eight locations in the
day and night time during the study period. Table 3.18 depicts average
Leq(day) and Leq(night) noise levels for all locations.
3.6.4 Ambient Air Quality Standards in Respect of Noise
Ministry of Environment and Forest has notified the ambient standards in
respect of noise in Gazette of India dated 14th February, 2000. Table
3.19 depicts these standards in respect of noise.
3.6.5 Ambient Noise Levels in the Study Area
The Leq values of noise levels during day-time varied from 51.2 dB(A) to
62.7 dB(A). Highest Leq daytime value was recorded at Khambhat Bus
stand due to transportation of vehicles. The Leq values of noise levels
during night time varied from 40.2 dB(A) to 58.3 dB(A). Highest Leq value
during night time was also recorded at Khambhat Bus stand.
3.6.6 Conclusions
The hourly Leq noise levels recorded at various locations in the study area
show considerable fluctuations because of changes in traffic movement,
commercial and domestic activities in the study area. In the study area
higher Noise value during day time was noted at Khambhat Bus stand,
due to the movement of vehicles and it is within the Ambient standards of
Commercial area for day time {65 dB (A)} and highest results in night
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time was also recorded at Khambhat Bus stand, which is slightly higher
than the prescribed limit of commercial area for night time {55 dB (A)}.
3.7 Soil Environment (Primary data)
3.7.1 Introduction
Soils may be defined as a thin layer of earth’s crust that serves as a
natural medium for the growth of plants. It is the unconsolidated mineral
matter that has been subjected to and influenced by genetic and
environmental factors. Soils serve as a reservoir of nutrients for plants
and crops and provide mechanical anchorage and favorable tilth.
The study area has more or less flat topography. The soil analysis results
show that the soil is a fertile land.
The study area has soil with the following physical and chemical
characteristics.
3.7.2 Soil Characteristics
Samples of soil were collected from 6 locations (Project site, Neja, Lunej,
Sokhada, Paldi, Nagra) during the study period and these locations are
shown in Figure 3.10.
The values of important physical and chemical parameters of these soil
samples are depicted in Table 3.20. From the tabulated values, the
following conclusions can be made about the physical and chemical
characteristics of these soil samples.
3.7.3 Corollaries
Physical Parameters
Particle Size: A Particle size of the different constituents (clay, silt, sand
and gravel) controls the porosity and water holding characteristic of the
soil. Clay (size < 0.002 mm) amount in the soil samples ranges from
10% to 17%; Silt (size 0.002 to 0.075 mm) in the soil samples is 16% to
21% and Sand (size 0.075 to 0.475 mm) in the soil samples is 40% to
49%; while Gravel (size > 4.75 mm) in the soil samples is 19% to 24%.
Analysis shows that the soil has moderate water holding capacity.
Porosity: Porosity is a measure of space in between soil particles caused
by structural conditions and determined under identical conditions.
Porosity of soil samples of the study area ranges from 41.3 to 44.1%.
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Water Holding Capacity (WHC): Water holding capacity (WHC) of soil
samples of the study area ranges between 42% to 48% and these being
sandy soils are not capable of retaining sufficient water during irrigation
for facilitating the plant growth.
Bulk Density: Bulk Density of soils in the study area is found to be in the
range from 1.38 to 1.45 g/cm3. Bulk density is of greater importance for
characterizing the physical behavior of soils. Generally, soils with low bulk
density have favorable physical conditions (porosity and permeability)
whereas those with high bulk density exhibit poor physical conditions.
Chemical Parameters
pH: pH of soils in the study area is found to be in the range of 7.5 to 7.9.
Chloride: Chloride content in soils of the study area is found to be in the
range of 136 to 245 mg/kg.
Soluble Calcium: The soluble calcium as CaCO3 in soil samples is found
to be in the range of 144 to 192 mg/kg.
Magnesium: Magnesium content in soil samples of the study area ranges
from 62 to 71 mg/kg.
Available Phosphorus: Available Phosphorus content in soil samples of
the study area ranges from 11 to 16 mg/kg.
Available Nitrogen: Available nitrogen content in soil samples of the
study area is found to be in the range from 36 to 58 mg/kg.
Potassium: Potassium content in soil samples of the study area is found
to be in the range from 42 to 72 mg/kg.
Sodium: Sodium content in soil samples of the study area is found to be
in the range from 154 to 185 mg/kg.
Total Organic Matter (TOM): Total organic matter content in soil
samples of the study area is found to be in the range of 1.39 to 1.47
mg/kg.
3.8 Ecology (Primary data)
A detailed flora fauna study was carried out in 10 km radius area of the
site. The structure and type of vegetation depends on climatic conditions
and physiography of an area. Climate of the study area is suited for the
variety of vegetation. The contents of this subsection are based primarily
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on reconnaissance survey carried out by the team of San Envirotech Pvt.
Ltd. & through secondary sources.
3.8.1 Period of the study
The baseline study, for the assessment of the floral and faunal
biodiversity of the terrestrial environment of the study area, within 10 km
radius of the site was conducted during March-2015 to May-2015.
3.8.2 Study methodology
The study region was earmarked for 10 km radius area and its relevant
baseline data was collected from the Census data book. The survey
methodology was based on the flora and fauna species identification in
personal and recently recorded and found in the region by the localities.
Sampling of grass species was carried out by quadrat sampling method to
examine the species distribution and its frequency in the region.
Quadrat Sampling Method:
A quadrat (or plot-based) survey is a quantitative examination of species
distribution and abundance. Quadrats are more likely to detect
inconspicuous or threatened species because a smaller area is sampled in
a concentrated search. This survey technique also provides a basis for
subsequent monitoring. The survey was carried out for the vegetation
ground cover found in the road edges by 1 m2 quadrat and study on the
edge effect due to rapid industrialization and urbanization. The results
and findings of the same are discussed in the following sections.
3.8.3 Floral diversity in the study area
The vegetation of this area was represented by very tall trees, middle
layer trees and shrubs, ground layer of herbaceous and twiners and
climbers. This biodiversity is the natural biological capital of the earth,
and presents important opportunities for all nations. It provides goods
and services essential to support human livelihoods and aspirations and
enables societies to adapt to changing needs and circumstances. In
addition, biodiversity maintains the ecological balance necessary for
planetary and human survival.
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Species of Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees:
The species of trees, herbs, shrubs and major crops observed in the study
area were identified and presented in the Table 3.22 of this report.
3.8.4 Cultivated plants in the study area
Almost all the villages in the study area were actively engaged in
agriculture practices. For irrigation in the non-monsoon season the
villagers were depending up on the village lakes/ponds. The agriculture
crops practiced in this area are Arando, Bajri etc. are generally cultivated.
The other minor crops practiced at few isolated pockets were Jambu,
Ambo, Bor, Dadam and Amla.
3.8.5 Faunal Diversity in the study area
For the documentation of the faunal biodiversity of the study area with
respect to birds, reptiles, amphibians sps.; a baseline survey had been
conducted for the study area of 10 km radius. A faunal biodiversity with
their scientific names and common names is presented in Table 3.23.
3.9 Socio Economic & Land use (Secondary data)
3.9.1 Land use pattern and infrastructure
The land use pattern indicates the manner in which different parts of land
in an area is being utilized or non-utilized. It is an important indicator of
environmental health; human activity and a degree of inter play between
these two. Even though the soil quality, water availability and climate
have strong influence on agriculture and vegetation, the human activity
may alter the natural environment to a large extent to suit human needs.
Unnatural land use often triggers rapid environmental deterioration and
disturbs ecological balance.
In census records, major land use classifications are; Forests, Culturable
land, culturable wasteland and area not available for cultivation.
Culturable land is further classified as: irrigated and unirrigated. Area not
available for cultivation includes lands put to non-agriculture uses as well
as barren and uncultivable lands.
The main land use in area is for dwellings, infrastructure and related
activities. However, the land use pattern for rural areas is discussed
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-18
below. The information is preliminary based on 2001 Census as depicting
in Table 3.25.
Total land area is 29914.22 ha, out of that Irrigated area is 7823.5 ha. It
constitutes 26.15% of the total land area. 5032.61 ha are un-irrigated by
source and it constitutes 16.82% of total land area. The study area
consist of Culturable wasteland is 2868.93 ha (8.25%). Area not available
for cultivation is 14121.18 ha & it constitute 47.21%.
3.9.2 Demographic and Socio-Economic Environment
The demographic and Socio-economic details of the study area are
discussed below. These are primarily based on census data of 2001. Data
on number of households, population as well as literacy and employment
pattern in the study area have been presented in Table-3.26. The
employment pattern in the area is indicator of number of persons
employed in various sectors. It also indicates the various categories of
employment flourishing in the area. The Study area in 10 km radius has
30 villages including project site.
The total no. of household in the villages are 11172 and the total
population is 58909 (51.85% men & 48.15% women). 57.85% of are
literate while literacy rate among women & men is 22.34% & 35.52%
respectively. 26.76% of male population is part of main worker, while
only 8.12% of female population is a part of main workers. 1.71% of
male workers are marginal workers, while 6.59% of female workers are
engaged in such type of activities. 23.39% of male population and
33.43% of female population are non-workers.
3.9.3 Living Standard and Infrastructure
In India it is not possible to setup a primary standard of living because of
wide variations in terms of income, economic conditions, social custom,
employment opportunity, pattern of spending, etc. However, availability
of amenities like education, medical, water supply, communication, road
network, electricity, etc. significantly reflects the level of development of
the area. Information on available amenities in the study area has been
extracted from census record of 2001. Total numbers of village in study
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-19
area are 30. On the basis of data presented in the Table-3.27, the status
of available amenities is discussed in following sub-sections:
Educational Facilities
As per 2001 census in all 30 villages, there are 41 primary schools, 9
Secondary schools, 6 Higher Secondary schools, 24 Adult Literacy Centres
& one village has other educational facility.
Medical Facilities
30 villages in the study area have 28 Community Health Workers, 9
Primary Health Sub-Centres, 1 Primary Health Centre, 2 child welfare
centre, one Maternity & Child welfare centre, one Registered Private
Practitioner, 4 Family Planning Centres, one maternity home, one Nursing
home, 2 Hospitals & 5 Dispensaries in study area of 5 km.
Drinking Water Supply
All the villages in the study area have two or more sources of drinking
water. All villages in study area have well water supply (almost all) with
tube water supply. Moreover 25 villages have facility of Tank Water
supply, 7 have Tube well facility, nalla passes from 1 village & Canal
passing from 11 villages of the study area.
Communication and Transport
The main mode of public transport available in the study area is by bus
service. All villages are near Khambhat, so almost all villages have
approach to railway station as western railway meter gauge line is
passing through nearby. Majority of villages in the study area is
connected with pucca road.
Post and Telegraph
As per 2001 census record out of 30 villages in study area, 19 villages
have post office facility at doorstep & almost all have phone facility.
Power Supply
As per 2001 census record out all the villages are getting power supply
for all purposes.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-20
Table 3.7: Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations
(Period of Monitoring: March-2015 to May-2015)
Sr.
No.
Sampling
Location
Direction w.r.t.
center of
Industry
Distance
km
Type of Area
1 Project Site (A1) -- -- Industrial
2 Neja (A2) ENE (Downwind) 3.1 Residential
3 Navagam Bara (A3) W (Up wind) 8.4 Residential
4 Lunej (A4) WNW (Up Wind) 1.7 Residential
5 Sokhada (A5) NNE (Downwind) 2.6 Residential
6 Khambhat (A6) SE (Downwind) 4.3 Residential
7 Paldi (A7) WNW (Up Wind) 2.7 Residential
8 Nagra (A8) ENE (Downwind) 5.4 Residential
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-21
Table 3.8: Ambient Air Quality Status
(Period: March-2015 to May-2015)
Sr. No.
Sampling Station
PM10
(g/m3) PM2.5
(g/m3) SO2
(g/m3) NOx
(g/m3) Average (Min-Max)
1 Project Site (A1) 64.7 (55.7-71.4)
34.2 (29.3-40.8)
10.9 (9.8-12.2)
14.0 (11.5-16.6)
2 Neja (A2) 57.9 (55.5-65.0)
31.0 (26.0-37.8)
10.6 (8.9-12.7)
12.8 (11.1-14.6)
3 Navagam Bara (A3)
61.5 (55.3-68.9)
28.5 (23.4-35.6)
12.6 (11.3-13.8)
13.9 (12.9-15.2)
4 Lunej (A4) 54.9 (50.7-64.4)
30.6 (26.4-36.2)
12.2 (10.5-14.8)
14.2 (12.2-19.0)
5 Sokhada (A5) 59.6 (51.3-68.0)
31.6 (28.2-36.6)
13.0 (10.3-17.3)
15.1 (13.4-17.1)
6 Khambhat (A6) 58.2 (49.1-67.1)
33.0 (25.2-41.4)
13.5 (12.2-15.0)
15.7 (13.7-18.9)
7 Paldi (A7) 56.5 (53.8-62.0)
31.1 (28.1-34.9)
12.8 (10.9-14.7)
14.5 (12.5-16.2)
8 Nagra (A8) 53.1 (47.2-61.1)
29.9 (25.9-33.8)
13.1 (11.3-16.7)
13.9 (12.8-15.5)
Figure 3.1 Graphical representation of Ambient Air quality
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-22
Table 3.9: Ambient Air Quality Status (PM10)
(Period: May-2015 to May-2015) Average - 24 Hours Unit - g/m3
Station Name Max Min 98th Percentile
75th Percentile
50th Percentile
25th percentile
Avg. SD
Project Site (A1) 71.4 55.7 71.4 68.0 64.7 61.7 64.7 4.5
Neja (A2) 65.0 55.5 65.0 62.3 55.5 54.9 57.9 4.5
Navagam Bara (A3) 68.9 55.3 68.2 65.9 61.3 57.6 61.5 4.4
Lunej (A4) 64.4 50.7 63.0 56.4 54.4 53.0 54.9 3.3
Sokhada (A5) 68.0 51.3 66.4 61.7 59.8 58.2 59.6 3.7
Khambhat (A6) 67.1 49.1 66.7 64.4 57.3 53.5 58.2 5.8
Paldi (A7) 62.0 53.8 61.4 57.4 56.0 55.0 56.5 2.1
Nagra (A8) 61.1 47.2 60.8 56.7 52.9 48.5 53.1 4.7
Figure 3.2 Graphical representation for PM10
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-23
Table 3.10: Ambient Air Quality Status (PM2.5)
(Period: March-2015 to May-2015) Average - 24 Hours Unit - g/m3
Station Name Max Min 98th Percentile
75th Percentile
50th Percentile
25th percentile
Avg. SD
Project Site (A1) 40.8 29.3 40.4 35.7 34.0 32.8 34.2 3.2
Neja (A2) 37.8 26.0 36.6 33.1 30.9 29.2 31.0 3.0
Navagam Bara (A3) 35.6 23.4 34.5 30.7 28.2 26.3 28.5 3.2
Lunej (A4) 36.2 26.4 35.9 31.2 30.5 29.7 30.6 2.6
Sokhada (A5) 36.6 28.2 35.9 33.4 31.2 30.0 31.6 2.3
Khambhat (A6) 41.4 25.2 40.9 35.0 32.8 30.1 33.0 4.0
Paldi (A7) 34.9 28.1 34.7 32.0 31.2 29.5 31.1 2.0
Nagra (A8) 33.8 25.9 33.6 31.9 30.2 28.4 29.9 2.5
Figure 3.3 Graphical representation for PM2.5
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-24
Table 3.11: Ambient Air Quality Status (SO2)
(Period: March-2015 to May-2015) Average-24 Hours Unit-g/m3
Station Name Max Min 98th Percentile
75th Percentile
50th Percentile
25th percentile
Avg. SD
Project Site (A1) 12.2 9.8 12.1 11.5 10.9 10.3 10.9 0.7
Neja (A2) 12.7 8.9 12.6 11.8 10.4 9.6 10.6 1.2
Navagam Bara (A3) 13.8 11.3 13.8 13.3 12.5 12.0 12.6 0.8
Lunej (A4) 14.8 10.5 14.3 12.6 12.1 11.7 12.2 1.0
Sokhada (A5) 17.3 10.3 16.1 13.7 12.9 12.1 13.0 1.5
Khambhat (A6) 15.0 12.2 14.9 14.4 13.4 12.9 13.5 0.9
Paldi (A7) 14.7 10.9 14.7 13.7 12.8 12.0 12.8 1.2
Nagra (A8) 16.7 11.3 16.6 13.5 12.7 11.9 13.1 1.6
Figure 3.4 Graphical representation for SO2
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-25
Table 3.12: Ambient Air Quality Status (NOx)
(Period: March-2015 to May-2015) Average-24 Hours Unit-g/m3
Station Name Max Min 98th Percentile
75th Percentile
50th Percentile
25th percentile
Avg. SD
Project Site (A1) 16.6 11.5 16.5 14.7 13.8 13.1 14.0 1.4
Neja (A2) 14.6 11.1 14.5 14.1 12.9 11.5 12.8 1.3
Navagam Bara (A3) 15.2 12.9 15.1 14.2 13.8 13.5 13.9 0.6
Lunej (A4) 19.0 12.2 18.3 15.0 13.9 13.2 14.2 1.7
Sokhada (A5) 17.1 13.4 16.9 15.9 14.9 14.2 15.1 1.1
Khambhat (A6) 18.9 13.7 18.3 16.1 15.7 15.1 15.7 1.2
Paldi (A7) 16.2 12.5 16.0 15.2 14.7 13.7 14.5 1.0
Nagra (A8) 15.5 12.8 15.3 14.5 13.9 13.2 13.9 0.8
Figure 3.5 Graphical representation for NOX
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-26
Table 3.13: Ambient Air Quality Status (CO, HC, VOCs)
(Period: March-2015 to May-2015)
Sr.
No.
Station Name Concentration (g/m3)
CO HC VOCs as BTX
MHC NMHC Benzene Toluene Xylene Total
1 Project Site (A1) 198 910 18 1.36 2.14 BDL 3.40
2 Neja (A2) 174 895 22 BDL BDL BDL BDL
3 Navagam Bara (A3) 179 1007 20 BDL BDL BDL BDL
4 Lunej (A4) 185 1019 23 BDL BDL BDL BDL
5 Sokhada (A5) 192 972 19 BDL BDL BDL BDL
6 Khambhat (A6) 210 918 34 BDL BDL BDL BDL
7 Paldi (A7) 207 942 29 BDL BDL BDL BDL
8 Nagra (A8) 203 979 24 BDL BDL BDL BDL
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-27
Table 3.14: National Ambient Air Quality Standards
(EP, 7th amendment rules-2009)
Pollutants Time-weighted
average
Concentration in ambient air
Industrial,
Residential,
Rural and
others area
Ecologically
Sensitive
area
(Notified by
Central
Government)
Method of
Measurement
Sulphur Dioxide
(SO2) µg/m3
Annual Average* 50 20 Improved west and
Gaeke
Ultraviolet
fluorescence
24 hours** 80 80
Oxides of
Nitrogen as
(NO2) µg/m3
Annual Average* 40 30 Modified Jacob
&Hochheiser
(Na-Arsenate)
Chemiluminescence
24 hours** 80 80
Particulate Matter
(Size less than 10
µm or PM10) µg/m3
Annual Average* 60 60 Gravimetric
TOEM
Beta attenuation 24 hours** 100 100
Particulate Matter
(Size less than 2.5
µm or PM2.5)
µg/m3
Annual Average* 40 40 Gravimetric
TOEM
Beta attenuation 24 hours** 60 60
Ozone (O3)
µg/m3
8 hours ** 100 100 UV photometric
Chemiluminescence
Chemical Method 1hours** 180 180
Lead (Pb)
µg/m3
Annual Average* 0.50 0.50 AAS/ICP method
after sampling on
EPM 2000 or
equivalent filter
paper
ED-XRF using
Teflon filter
24 hours** 1.0 1.0
Carbon Monoxide
(CO) mg/m3
8 hours** 02 02 Non Dispersive
Infra Red (NDIR)
spectroscopy 1 hour** 04 04
Ammonia(NH3)
µg/m3
Annual Average* 100 100 Chemiluminescence
Indophenol Blue
Method 24 hours** 400 400
Benzene (C6H6)
µg/m3
Annual* 05 05 Gas
chromatography
based continuous
analyzer
Adsorption and
desorption followed
by GC analysis
Benzo(a)Pyrine
(BaP)-particulate
phase only,
µg/m3
Annual* 01 01 Solvent extraction
followed by
HPLC/GC analysis
Arsenic (As),
µg/m3
Annual* 06 06 AAS/ICP method
after sampling on
EPM 2000 or
equivalent filter
paper
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-28
Nickel (Ni)
µg/m3
Annual* 20 20 AAS/ICP method
after sampling on
EPM 2000 or
equivalent filter
paper
*
Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken
twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval.
**
24 hourly/8 hourly or 01 hourly values, as applicable, shall be complied
with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time the time, they may
exceed the limits but not two consecutive days of monitoring.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-29
Table 3.15: Results of Groundwater Quality in the Study Area
Date of Monitoring: 27/04/15 to 29/04/15
Parameters Unit CONCENTRATION Method of Test
(Ref. to IS) Nr. Project site (GW1)
Neja (GW2)
Navagam Bara (GW3)
Lunej (GW4)
Sokhada (GW5)
Khambhat (GW6)
Paldi (GW7) Nagra (GW8)
pH pH Unit 7.6 7.3 7.2 7.8 7.4 7.5 7.3 7.7 3025(Part 11)
Color Hazen Unit
Color Less Color Less Color Less Color Less Color Less Color Less Color Less Color Less 3025(Part 4)
Odour -- Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable Unobjectionable 3025(Part 5)
Taste -- Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable Agreeable 3025(Part 7&8)
Turbidity (NTU) 8.1 5.6 8.5 9.2 7.9 5.3 6.9 10.7 3025(Part 10)
Total Hardness
mg/L 472 486 571 596 444 374 323 369 3025(Part 21)
Chlorides mg/L 853 718 1096 735 692 563 801 750 3025(Part 32)
Sulphate mg/L 89 105 116 97 111 92 102 119 3025(Part 24)
Total Alkalinity
mg/L 317 343 307 345 332 328 311 340 3025 (Part 23)
Sodium mg/L 492 412 510 372 429 343 518 483 3025(Part 45)
Potassium mg/L 59 63 94 69 77 59 66 71 3025(Part 45)
Calcium mg/L 54 44 102 72 59 48 52 67 3025(Part 40)
Magnesium mg/L 80 89 83 95 72 63 47 54 3025(Part 46)
TDS mg/L 1883 1529 2318 1518 1578 1253 1736 1795 3025(Part 16)
Iron mg/L 0.36 0.17 0.39 0.32 0.26 0.20 0.23 0.29 3025(Part 53)
Conductivity μmoh/cm 2710 2213 3359 2246 2307 1783 2410 2553 3025(Part 14)
Manganese mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025(Part 59)
Copper mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025(Part 42)
Phenolic Comp.
mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025(Part 43)
Nitrate mg/L 18 20 16 24 19 17 22 26 3025(Part 34)
Fluoride mg/L 0.65 0.61 0.52 0.55 0.60 0.58 0.63 0.49 3025(Part 60)
Mercury mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025(Part 48)
Cadmium mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025(Part 41)
Lead mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025(Part 47)
Nickel mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025(Part 54)
Zinc mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025(Part 49)
Chromium mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025 (Part 52)
Aluminum mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025 (Part 55)
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-30
Table 3.16: Results of Surface water Quality in the Study Area
Date of Monitoring: 27/04/15 to 29/04/15
Parameters Unit Concentration Test Method
(Ref to IS) Khambhat
Pond
(SW1)
Neja
pond (SW2)
Dhuvaran
Pond (SW3)
pH pH Unit 7.3 7.8 7.1 3025 (Part 11)
Temperature 0C 31 32 31 --
Conductivity Micro
mhos/cm
830 1135 1753 3025 (Part 14)
Turbidity NTU 12.3 10.7 9.2 3025 (Part 10)
TDS mg/L 560 789 1235 3025 (Part 16)
Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 3.6 3.2 3.9 --
Total Hardness mg/L 217 259 309 3025 (Part 21)
Total Alkalinity mg/L 303 352 283 3025 (Part 23)
Sodium mg/L 159 209 370 3025(Part 45)
Potassium mg/L 42 37 53 3025(Part 45)
Calcium mg/L 39 51 56 3025 (Part 40)
Magnesium mg/L 29 32 41 3025 (Part 46)
Chlorides mg/L 187 247 563 3025 (Part 32)
Sulfates mg/L 72 56 78 3025 (Part 24)
Nitrates mg/L 14 10 18 3025 (Part 34)
Phenolic
Compounds
mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025 (Part 43)
Arsenic mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025 (Part 37)
Cadmium mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025 (Part 41)
Copper mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025 (Part 42)
Lead mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025 (Part 47)
Manganese mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025 (Part 59)
Iron mg/L 0.16 0.12 0.27 3025 (Part 53)
Total Chromium mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025 (Part 52)
Zinc mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025 (Part 49)
Nickle mg/L <0.01 <0.01 <0.01 3025 (Part 54)
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-31
Table 3.17: Indian Standard Specification for Drinking Water
Sr.
No.
Parameters Desirable Limit Permissible Limit
in the Absence of
Alternate Source
I Essential Characteristics
1. Colour, Hazen Units, Max. 5 25
2. Odour Unobjectionable -
3. Taste Agreeable -
4. Turbidity, NTU, Max. 5 10
5. pH value 6.5-8.5 No Relaxation
6. Total Hardness (as CaCO3) mg/l, Max. 300 600
7. Iron (as Fe) mg/ l, Max. 0.3 1.0
8. Chlorides (as Cl) mg/l, Max. 250 1000
9. Residual Free Chlorine, mg/l, Min. 0.2* -
II Desirable Characteristics
10. Dissolved Solids, mg/l, Max. 500 2000
11. Alkalinity (as CaCO3), mg/l, Max. 200 600
12. Sulphate (as SO4) mg/l, Max. 200 400
13. Nitrate (as NO3) 50 No Relaxation
14. Fluoride (as F) mg/l, Max. 1.0 1.5
15. Calcium (as Ca) mg/l, Max. 75 200
16. Magnesium (as Mg) mg/l, Max. 30 100
17. Copper (as Cu) mg/l, Max. 0.05 1.5
18. Manganese (as Mn) mg/l, Max. 0.1 0.3
19. Mercury (as Hg) mg/l, Max. 0.001 No Relaxation
20. Cadmium (as Cd) mg/l, Max. 0.01 No Relaxation
21. Selenium (as Se) mg/l, Max. 0.01 No Relaxation
22. Arsenic (As As) mg/l, Max. 0.05 No Relaxation
23. Lead (as Pb) mg/l, Max. 0.05 No Relaxation
24. Zinc (as Zn) mg/l, Max. 5 15
25. Aluminium (as Al) mg/l, Max. 0.03 0.2
26. Boron (as B) mg/l, Max. 1 5
27. Chromium (as Cr) mg/l, Max. 0.05 No Relaxation
28. Cyanide (as CN) mg/l, Max. 0.05 No Relaxation
29. Phenolic Compounds (as C6H5OH)
mg/l, Max.
0.001 0.002
30. Anionic Detergents (as MBAS) mg/l,
Max. mg/l, Max.
0.2 1.0
31. Mineral Oil mg/l, Max. 0.01 0.03
32. Pesticides Absent 0.001
33. Radioactive Materials
a. Alpha Emitters, Bq/I, Max.
b. Beta Emitters, Pci/I, Max
-
-
0.1
0.037
*Applicable only when water is chlorinated
Source: IS: 10500-2012
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-32
Table 3.18: Ambient Noise Levels in the Study Area
Sr.
No.
Noise
Monitoring
Locations
Date of
Monitoring
CPCB Limits in
dB (A)
Average Noise
levels in dB (A)
Leq
(Day)
dB A
Leq
(Night)
dB A
Leq
(Day)
dB A
Leq
(Night)
dB A
1. Nr. Project Site (N1)
29/04/15 75.0 70.0 53.2 42.1
2. Village Neja(N2) 27/04/15 55.0 45.0 53.4 44.3
3. Navagam Bara (N3)
29/04/15 55.0 45.0 51.2 42.7
4. Village Lunej (N4) 28/04/15 55.0 45.0 52.8 46.2
5. Village Sokhada (N5)
28/04/15 55.0 45.0 53.2 43.2
6. Bus stand, Khambhat (N6)
27/04/15 65.0 55.0 62.7 58.3
7. Village Paldi (N7) 28/04/15 65.0 55.0 52.1 40.2
8. Village Nagra (N8) 27/04/15 55.0 45.0 52.7 41.7
Table 3.19: Ambient Air Quality Standards with respect to noise
Category of Area Limits Leq, dB(A)
Day Time Night Time
Industrial 75 70
Commercial 65 55
Residential 55 45
Silence 50 40
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-33
Table 3.20: Soil Analysis of Study area
Date of Sampling: 27/04/15 to 29/04/15
S.
No.
Parameters Unit Project
Site (S1)
Neja
(S2)
Lunej
(S3)
Sokhada
(S4)
Paldi
(S5)
Nagra
(S6)
1. pH (5%) Solution - 7.6 7.8 7.9 7.5 7.6 7.8
2. Moisture % 3.2 4.7 2.8 4.3 3.4 2.7
3. Loss of Ignition % 6.5 6.1 6.4 5.7 6.8 7.1
4. Particle Size
Clay (<0.002 mm) % 10 14 16 15 17 16
Silt (0.002 to
0.075 mm)
% 21 16 18 20 16 19
Sand (0.075-0.475
mm)
% 49 45 43 41 40 41
Gravel (size >4.75
mm)
% 20 23 22 19 22 24
5. Water Holding
Capacity
% 45 42 48 42 47 43
6. Permeability cm/hr. 3.38 3.23 3.26 3.32 3.16 3.31
7. Bulk Density g/cm3 1.42 1.39 1.38 1.42 1.45 1.41
8. Porosity % 42.5 43.7 44.1 42.1 41.3 42.9
9. Sodium mg/kg 158 169 172 154 177 185
10. Potassium mg/kg 46 42 70 68 72 59
11. Calcium mg/kg 192 182 178 187 144 162
12. Magnesium mg/kg 62 71 67 70 65 62
13. Chlorides mg/kg 136 204 245 192 210 185
14. Sulphates mg/kg 270 179 184 172 159 162
15. Organic Matter mg/kg 1.44 1.42 1.43 1.39 1.47 1.40
16. Available Nitrogen mg/kg 36 42 39 54 58 52
17. Available
Phosphorus
mg/kg 11 15 12 16 12 15
18. Iron mg/kg 14.3 12.6 11.9 15.8 12.4 16.5
19. Sodium Absorption
Ratio
-- 2.53 2.68 2.78 2.43 3.06 3.12
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-34
Table 3.21
Traffic Survey
TRAFFIC SHEET
LOCATION Approach road, Near plant site
TIME 09.00 to 10.00 DATE 27/04/2015
TOTAL PCU calculation Total PCU/hr
BUSES* 3 PCU x 3 9
CARS/VANS 10 PCU x 1 10
MOTORCYCLES /
BICYCLES
85 PCU x0.5 42.5
Total 61.5
TIME 18.00 to 19.00 DATE 27/04/2015
TOTAL PCU calculation Total PCU/hr
BUSES* 5 PCU x 3 15
CARS/VANS 15 PCU x 1 15
MOTORCYCLES /
BICYCLES
90 PCU x0.5 45
Total 75
Note: *Mini-bus, Chartered Bus, School Bus, have been collectively classified
as Buses.
Carrying capacity of existing road is 1500 PCU/hr.
Additional traffic from our project will be estimated 51 PCU/day (17 trucks x 3) and
25 PCU/day from car and motorcycle, which have insignificant impact on existing
traffic load.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-35
LOCATION Open point approach road at SH 89 near village Sokhada
TIME 09.00 to 10.00 DATE 28/04/2015
TOTAL PCU calculation Total PCU/hr
BUSES* 45 PCU x 3 135
CARS/VANS 127 PCU x 1 127
MOTORCYCLES /
BICYCLES
392 PCU x0.5 196
Total 458
TIME 18.00 to 19.00 DATE 28/04/2015
TOTAL PCU calculation Total PCU/hr
BUSES* 42 PCU x 3 126
CARS/VANS 132 PCU x 1 132
MOTORCYCLES /
BICYCLES
401 PCU x0.5 201
Total 459
Note: *Mini-bus, Chartered Bus, School Bus, have been collectively classified
as Buses.
Carrying capacity of existing road is 2900 PCU/hr.
Additional traffic from our project will be estimated 51 PCU/day (17 trucks x 3) and
25 PCU/day from car and motorcycle, which have insignificant impact on existing
traffic load.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-36
Table 3.22: Floral Diversity
Common Name Scientific name
Limdo Azadirachta indica
Gulmohar Delonix regia
Aduso Adathoda vasica
Kanthar Capparis sepiaria
Garmalo Cassia fistula
Vans Bambusa sp
Deshi Baval Acacia nilotica
Papaya Carica papaya
Amla Emblica officinalis
Peepal Ficus religiosa
Mehandi Lawsonia inermis
Mitholimdo Murraya koenigii
Bakan limdo Melia azadirach
Asopalav Polyalthia longifolia
Saragvo Moringa oleifera
Dadam Punica granatum
Gando Baval Prosopis juliflora
Ambo Mangifera indica
Jambu Syzygium cumini
Bor Zizyphus mauritiana
Khati Amli Tamarindus indica
Kaner Nerium indicum
Pili Kener Thevetia paruriana
Arando Ricinus communis
Peltophorum Peltophorum petrocarpum
Pilu Salvadora oleoidis
Khajuri Phoenix sylvestris
Tecoma Tecoma undulata
Goras Amli Pithocelobium dulce
Sag Tectona grandis
Kothu Feronia elephantum
Badam Terminalia catappa
Karamda Carisa carandas
Dandaliya thor Euphorbia tirucalli
Sitafal Annona squamosa
Puvadiya Cassia tora
Arduso Ailanthus excelsa
Gunda Cordia myxa
Nilgiri Eucalyptus teriticornis
Shami Prosopis cineraria
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-37
Kamboi Phyllanthus reticulata
Suaeda Suaeda sp.
Ratanjyo Jatropha curcas
Ketaki Agave americana
Karir Capparis deciduas
Kanthar Capparis sepiaria
Gorad Acacia Senegal
Arni Clerodendron phlomidis
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-38
Table 3.23: Faunal Diversity
Common name Scientific name
Birds
Blue rock pigeon Columba livia
Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis
Asian koel Eudynamys scolopacea
Indian Cuckoo Cuculus micropterus
Grey Heron Ardeola cinerea
Little Heron Butorides striatus
Indian Pond Heron Ardeola grayii
Indian Cormorant Phalacrocorax fuscicollis
Little Cormorant Phalacanus niger
Black winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus
Red-vented Bulbul Pycnonotus cafer
Imperial Eagle Aquila heliaca
White Ibis Threskiornis aethiopica
Black Ibis Psudibis papillosa
Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus
Western Reef Egret Egretta gularis
Little Egret Egretta garzetta
Intermediate Egret Mesophoyx intermedia
Lesser Flamingo Phoenicopterus minor
Greater Flamingo Phoenicopterus ruber
Purple Sunbird Nectarinia sperata
Painted Stork Mycteria leucocephala
Woolly-necked Stork Ciconia episcopus
Asian Openbilled Stork Anastomus oscitans
Comb Duck Sarkidiornis melanotos
Common Crane Grus grus
Magpie Robin Copsychus saularis
Little Tern Sterna albifrons
Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus
Spoonbill Platalea leucorodia
Black kite Milvus migrans
Black winged Stilt Himantopus himantopus
Reptiles
Indian Monitor Varanus bengalensis
Garden Lizard Calotes versicolor
Common Rat Snake Ptyas mucosus
Common Vine Snake Ahaetulla nasuta
Common tree Snake Dendrelaphis tristis
Indian Cobra Naja naja
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-39
Mammals
Bander Presbytis entellus
Chachunder Suncus murinus
Sasalu Lepus nigricollis
Chamarchidiyu Pteropus giganteus
Nolio, nyula Herpetes auropunctatus
Nilgai Baselaphus tragocamelus
Lamba Kanwado Sedo Hemiechinus auritus
Jarakh Hyaena hyaena
Aquatic Animals
Common name Habitat
Karchala Salty Water
Bhangra Salty Water
Lapta Salty Water
Bakara Salty Water
Jinga Salty Water
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-40
Table 3.24
Land use statistics base of satellite imaginary
Sr.
No.
Category Area
(in Hectares)
Area in %
1 Bays and Estuaries 1719.89 5.45
2 Cropland 16753.89 53.11
3 Dry Salt Flats 1555.34 4.93
4 Industrial 380.86 1.21
5 Lakes 122.24 0.39
6 Mixed Barren Land 179.65 0.57
7 Residential 1002.35 3.18
8 Streams and Canals 779.76 2.47
9 Tidal Flat 8847.78 28.04
10 Transportation 205.07 0.65
Total 31546.85 100.00
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-41
Table 3.25
Land Use Pattern
Name of
Village
Total Area
of the
Village
(ha)
Irrigated
by source
(ha)
Un-
irrigated
(ha)
Culturable
waste
(ha)
Area not
available for
cultivation
(ha)
Dhuvaran 1278.95 -- -- 934.66 344.29
Lunej 1283.42 140.00 301.00 11.42 831.00
Paldi 323.45 142.00 44.00 28.45 109.00
Malasoni 389.11 220.00 -- 33.00 136.11
Sokhada 331.25 110.00 80.00 5.25 136.00
Jhalapur 211.20 1.63 165.37 26.20 18.00
Neja 697.59 106.00 491.00 68.59 32.00
Sath 560.47 452.00 40.47 -- 68.00
Bhimtalav 459.74 225.00 227.00 7.74 --
Gudel 1532.82 792.97 349.00 83.91 306.94
Tamsa 1037.78 150.00 700.00 47.78 140.00
Hasanpura 250.08 122.49 100.13 27.40 0.06
Daheda 1520.41 341.41 275.00 550.00 354.00
Rangpur 330.37 96.00 150.00 67.00 17.37
Jinaj 1691.92 863.00 585.00 20.92 223.00
Malu 276.27 210.00 14.00 40.27 12.00
Bhat talavadi 188.04 156.00 9.00 -- 23.04
Motipura 389.78 345.00 1.00 43.78 --
Navagam Vanta 168.66 91.00 53.00 24.66 --
Sayama 561.25 494.00 -- 1.25 66.00
Timba 647.49 525.00 59.00 63.49 --
Kali talavadi 143.25 119.00 5.25 19.00 --
Popat vav 119.93 109.00 -- -- 10.93
Nagra 1436.08 780.00 500.08 156.00 --
Nana kadodra 297.34 274.00 -- -- 23.34
Vasna 457.61 440.00 1.31 -- 16.30
Akhol 8697.61 52.00 672.00 57.61 7448.00
Navagam Bara 4224.80 102.00 210.00 107.00 3805.80
Kodva 185.12 165.00 -- 20.12 --
Chhatardi 222.43 199.0 -- 23.43 --
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-42
Table 3.26: Summary of Socio-Economic Status (Demography)
Name of the
Village/
Town/
Ward
No. of
Occupied
Residential
House
Total Population
(Including institutional
and houseless
population)
Literates Total main
Workers
Marginal
Workers
Cultivators Agricultural
Laborer
Non-Worker
P M F M F M F M F M F M F M F
Dhuvaran 1904 9607 4954 4653 3860 2678 2221 611 209 281 394 105 423 357 2524 3761
Lunej 274 1367 698 669 420 179 306 34 86 346 186 111 171 241 306 289
Paldi 80 404 214 190 131 62 97 73 05 11 63 12 09 41 112 106
Malasoni 195 1058 556 502 287 116 300 237 11 29 191 38 22 15 245 236
Sokhada 115 694 362 332 250 165 194 139 06 18 84 05 14 57 162 175
Jhalapur 109 534 283 251 123 63 133 02 33 154 37 01 60 80 117 95
Neja 333 1758 910 848 586 279 510 252 08 121 167 45 176 234 392 475
Sath 223 1346 675 671 466 255 370 220 00 00 149 01 110 21 305 451
Bhimtalav 309 1701 832 869 528 279 426 194 32 240 260 143 129 200 374 435
Gudel 269 1392 717 675 489 286 393 60 06 49 294 08 44 13 318 566
Tamsa 142 829 428 401 241 147 213 07 00 00 116 01 53 02 215 394
Hasanpura 84 624 334 290 228 131 157 36 00 00 110 03 14 00 177 254
Daheda 434 2297 1184 1113 708 295 562 63 73 545 333 130 137 471 549 505
Rangpur 184 1072 546 526 378 243 221 65 98 68 136 02 125 27 227 393
Jinaj 667 3771 1875 1896 1317 888 916 229 37 96 422 16 298 83 922 1571
Malu 174 991 499 492 381 301 280 31 15 159 208 04 39 20 204 302
Bhat talavadi 69 379 207 172 125 50 111 76 03 26 59 21 28 60 93 70
Motipura 164 819 453 366 303 165 215 09 01 00 61 01 108 04 237 357
Navagam Vanta 169 884 467 417 328 166 210 34 35 165 84 03 144 191 222 218
Sayama 610 3075 1601 1474 1119 765 806 164 58 361 365 19 360 293 737 949
Timba 588 2997 1582 1415 1047 563 933 88 28 452 354 13 389 236 621 875
Kali talavadi 339 1760 939 821 687 479 502 253 28 40 280 03 131 46 409 528
Popat vav 266 1464 775 689 605 488 409 185 23 28 260 04 93 58 343 476
Nagra 1562 8251 4384 3867 2630 1640 2506 937 110 438 869 234 866 649 1768 2492
Nana kadodra 693 3488 1810 1678 1404 1063 1067 393 07 117 484 15 316 74 736 1168
Vasna 519 2846 1467 1379 1034 741 839 219 00 14 287 18 342 208 628 1146
Akhol 351 1792 924 868 654 390 455 35 08 51 314 12 89 61 461 782
Navagam Bara 134 638 324 314 228 95 148 47 18 07 99 04 42 06 158 260
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-43
Name of the
Village/
Town/
Ward
No. of
Occupied
Residential
House
Total Population
(Including institutional
and houseless
population)
Literates Total main
Workers
Marginal
Workers
Cultivators Agricultural
Laborer
Non-Worker
P M F M F M F M F M F M F M F
Kodva 86 463 243 220 147 82 121 08 11 06 63 01 25 08 111 206
Chhatradi 126 608 304 304 219 104 142 84 58 59 54 02 68 52 104 161
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-44
Table 3.27: Basic Amenities in the Study Area
Name of
Village
Educational
Facility
Medical
Facility
Drinking
Water
Facility
Communication
(Post
or Telegraph)
Transportation
Facility
(Bus etc.)
Approach
to
Village
Nearest town
and Distance
(Kms.)
Power
Supply
Dhuvaran P(10),
PUC(6),
H(7)
H, D(2) T, TW PO, Phone BS PR, KR Khambhat-21 EA
Lunej P CHW W,TK,C Phone BS PR, KR Khambhat-8 EA
Paldi P, Ac(3) CHW T,W,TK Phone BS PR, KR Khambhat-6 EA
Malasoni P, Ac(4) CHW W, TK, N Phone BS PR, KR Khambhat-8 EA
Sokhada P, Ac CHW T,W,TK,C PO, Phone BS PR, KR Khambhat-6 EA
Jhalapur P CHW W, TK Phone BS PR, KR Khambhat-6 EA
Neja P(2) CHW T,W,TK,TW,C PO, Phone BS PR, KR Khambhat-4 EA
Sath P CHW W,TK PO, Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-13 EA
Bhimtalav P CHW T,W,TK,C PO, Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-13 EA
Gudel P MH, PHS, D, FPC,
CHW
T,W PO, Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-18 EA
Tamsa P CHW, PHS T,W,TK PO, Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-18 EA
Hasanpura P CHW T,W,TK Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-18 EA
Daheda P PHS, CHW T,W,TK,C PO, Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-8 EA
Rangpur P CHW T,W PO, Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-7 EA
Jinaj P, Ac(3) PHS, FPC, CHW T,W,TK,C PO, Phone BS PR Khambhat-11 EA
Malu P, Ac CHW T,W,TK,C PO, Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-12 EA
Bhat talavadi P CHW W Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-6 EA
Motipura P CHW, PHS T,W,TK Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-5 EA
Navagam
Vanta
P CHW W,TK Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-4 EA
Sayama P,H,Ac(10) H,PHC,D,FPC T,W PO, Phone BS,RS PR,KR Khambhat-8 EA
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-45
Name of
Village
Educational
Facility
Medical
Facility
Drinking
Water
Facility
Communication
(Post
or Telegraph)
Transportation
Facility
(Bus etc.)
Approach
to
Village
Nearest town
and Distance
(Kms.)
Power
Supply
Timba P CHW T,W,TK,TW,C PO, Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-9 EA
Kali talavadi P CHW T,W,TK,TW PO, Phone BS,RS PR,KR Khambhat-3 EA
Popat vav P CHW T,W,TK,TW,C Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-7 EA
Nagra P,H,O MCW,CWC,PHS,
D,FPC,NH,RP,CHW
T,W,TK PO, Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-3 EA
Nana kadodra P CHW T,W,TK,TW PO, Phone BS PR Khambhat-2 EA
Vasna P(2), Ac(2) CWC,PHS,FPC,
CHW
T,W,TK PO, Phone BS PR, KR Khambhat-4 EA
Akhol P(2) CHW T,W,TK PO, Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-15 EA
Navagam
Bara
P PHS, CHW T,W,TK,C PO, Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-15 EA
Kodva P CHW, PHS T,W,TK Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-5 EA
Chhatradi P CHW T,W,TK,TW,C Phone BS PR,KR Khambhat-4 EA
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-46
Abbreviations:
Educational
P - Primary School
H - Matriculation/High School
PUC - Higher Secondary/Pre P University/Junior College
Ac - Adult Literacy Class/ Centre
Medical Facility
CHW - Common Health Worker
PHS - Primary Health Sub-centre
PHC - Primary Health Centre
FPC - Family Planning Centre
CWC - Child Welfare Centre
MCW - Maternity & Child Welfare Centre
RP - Registered Private Practitioner
MH - Maternity Home
NH - Nursing Home
D - Dispensary
H - Hospital
Drinking Water
T - Tap Water
W - Well Water
TK - Tank water
TW - Tube well Water
N - Nallah
C - Canal
Post and Telegraph
PO - Post Office
P - Phone
Transportation
BS - Bus
RS - Railway
Approach to Village
PR - Pucca Road
KR - Kachcha Road
Power Supply
EA - Electricity for all Purposes
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-47
Figure 3.6
Location of AAQM
Indicating AAQM stations
Project Site
10 km Neja
Khambhat
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-48
Figure 3.7
Wind Rose Diagram
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-49
Figure: 3.8
Water sampling Locations
Indicating Ground Water sampling location
Indicating Surface Water Sampling location
Project Site
10 km Neja
Khambhat
Dhuvaran
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-50
Figure: 3.9
Locations of Noise monitoring station
Indicating Noise Monitoring location
Project Site
10 km Neja
Khambhat
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-51
Figure: 3.10
Locations of Soil sampling
Indicating Location of Soil sampling
Project Site
10 km Neja
Khambhat
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-52
Figure 3.11 Land use pattern with 10 km radius
(Satellite Image)
Project Location
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-53
Figure 3.12
Topo sheet of location with site location map of 10 km radius (1:25,000 scales)
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-54
Figure 3.13
Topo sheet of location with site location map of 10 km radius (1:50,000 scale)
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 3-55
Figure 3.14
Topo sheet of location with site location map of 10 km radius (1:1000000 scale)
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-1
Chapter-4
Anticipated Environmental Impacts &
Mitigation Measures
4.1 GENERAL
Environmental Impact can be defined as any change in environmental
conditions which may be adverse or beneficial; occurred due to action or
set of actions under consideration.
Environmental impact can be assessed by identifying the sources of the
impact and predicting the same. The identification of environmental
impacts has been made by co-relating the relationship between project
activity and environmental parameters. The project activities of the
proposed project are usually divided into two phases: Construction Phase
and Operation Phase. The activities like building construction,
transportation of construction material, etc. are usually considered in the
construction phase. While in the operation phase, the activities like
manufacturing process, transportation and storage of raw materials and
finished products, resource consumption, emergency, disaster and
greenbelt development has been considered.
The next step is prediction of impacts, which is an important component
in environmental impact assessment process. Several techniques and
methodologies are in vogue for predicting the impacts due to proposed
industrial development on physical, chemical, biological and socio-
economic components of environment. Such predictions delineate
contribution in existing baseline condition for the proposed project. The
additional impacts due to proposed activities are analyzed by keeping in
mind the baseline status. This helps to assess the assimilative capacity of
the environment and in turn the gravity of the impacts. The third
important component of the environmental assessment is the evaluation.
Based on the identification and prediction of the nature of impact the
environment, the impact can be evaluated qualitatively and
quantitatively.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-2
As such it becomes important to estimate the peak incremental
concentrations of gaseous pollutants caused due to the emissions from
the proposed activities. Chapter 2 of this report discusses the details of
pollution sources from the plant.
There are various types of impacts arise arising due to the proposed
activities which will be evaluated considering the following parameters in
construction and operational phase,
Impact on Topography
Impact on Air Environment
Impact on Noise Environment
Impact on Water Environment
Impact on Land Environment (Hazardous/solid waste generation)
Impact on Ecology (Flora and Fauna)
Impact on Socio-Economic Environment
4.2 IMPACT ON TOPOGRAPHY
Project activities include excavation of soil in the plant area and
construction of shed and storage facilities. The area of the proposed plant
is flat terrain. During construction, excavated soil will be restored to its
original shape. Thus the impact during the construction is reversible, for
short term and insignificant.
During the operation phase of the project, no impact is envisaged on the
topography. Thus, topography will remain unchanged after proposed set
up of unit.
4.3 AIR ENVIRONMENT
Sources of Impact
There are chances of impact on the air environment due to installation of
machineries during construction phase and due to gaseous emission from
the flue and process gas stacks and fugitive emission during operational
phase.
4.3.1 Prediction of impact during Construction Phase
The source of air emission during the construction will include dust from
site cleaning, excavation of the plant area, construction activity etc.
These emissions are expected to result in change in baseline air quality,
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-3
primarily in the working area only. Dust and other emissions are not
likely to spread in wider area and not affect homes and other properties.
Dust will generate within working areas and measures will be taken to
protect workers. Some fugitive emission will generate from transportation
of raw material within the plant premises for construction and vehicular
movement. To mitigate the impact of fugitive emission due to Suspended
Particulate Matter (SPM), regular sprinkling of the water will be done
along with the construction activities.
4.3.2 Prediction of Impact during Operational Phase
Mathematical model used for predictions of impact includes steady state
Gaussian Plume Dispersion model designed for multiple point sources.
The impacts on air quality from project depend on various factors like
design capacity, configuration, process technology, raw material, fuel to
be used, air pollution control measures, operation and maintenance.
Apart from the above, other activities associated with any project, viz.,
transportation of fuel, raw materials and finished products, storage
facilities and material handling within the plant premises may also
contribute to air pollution.
4.3.3 Sources of Air Pollution
Main source of gaseous emission will be point source and fugitive
emission. Flue gas emission will be from one common stack of Boilers &
Thermic Fluid Heater. Bio fuel (Briquettes) will be used as fuel. Multi
cyclone with bag filter will be provided as Air Pollution Control Measure.
Other source of flue gas emission is standby D. G. Sets with power
generation capacity of 200 kVA. HSD with fuel consumption 75 Lt/hr. will
use as fuel.
There will be two process emission sources attached to reaction vessel
(MCA) & Reaction vessels (CAC & TCAC). Three stage water scrubber
followed to alkali scrubber will be installed as air Pollution control
systems.
Emitted flue gas pollutants will be SPM, SO2 and NOx and main pollutants
from process stacks will be HCl, Cl2 and SO2. Adequate stack height to
the flue gas stack and process gas stack will be provided for proper
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dispersion of gaseous emission. Estimated emission levels of stack are
given in Table: 4.1.
Fugitive Emission
The fugitive pollutants such as RPM, Acid fumes & Cl2 are likely to
emit from process area. However it will be within acceptable level.
To minimize fugitive emission; the unit will adopt the practice of
carrying out entire manufacturing process into closed vessel as well
as provide adequate scrubbing system for efficient absorption of
process gas. Special care will be taken while material handling and
storage.
PPE will be provided to the workers.
To reduce the pollutant emitted during transportation, the unit will
adopt the practice of regular check-up and maintenance of
vehicular engines for complete combustion of the fuel.
Water sprinkler will be provided to reduce the dusting from road
transportation.
To mitigate the impact due to Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM),
following control measures will be implemented:
Paved road will be developed inside the plant premises.
Regular monitoring of housekeeping will be carried out.
Construction material will be stored separately and covered to
control dust emission due to wind.
Greenbelt will be developed all around the plant.
Regular maintenance of vehicles and machinery will be carried out.
PUC certified vehicles will be used.
4.3.4 Dispersion Modeling of Emissions from the plant
The objective of dispersion modeling is to predict the ground level
concentration during the operation of proposed activities and its impact
on ambient air quality of the area. The ground level concentrations of
pollutants have been computed using computer simulation model
Industrial Source Complex Short Term (ISCST-3) of United State
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and considering guidelines
stipulated by CPCB for air pollution dispersion modeling.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-5
The key emitted pollutants will be Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM),
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Oxide (NOx), HCl & Cl2.
4.3.5 Micrometeorology
The hourly wind speed, solar insolation and total cloudiness during day
time and wind speed and total cloudiness during night time were used to
determine the hourly atmospheric stability classes (defined by Pasquill
and Gifford as A to F, A being most unstable and F being most stable).
The hourly stability classes were determined based on the technique
suggested by Turner.
Turner’s system used for determining the stability classes is as follows:
- For day or night: If total cloud cover (TC) = 10/10 and ceiling
<7000 ft (2134 m), NR=0
- For night-time (defined as period from one hour before sunset to
one hour after sunrise):
a) If TC<4/10, use NR = -2
b) If TC>4/10, use NR = -1
- For daytime: determine isolation class number (IN)
a) If TC<5/10, use NR=IN
b) If TC>5/10, modify IN by the sum of the following applicable
criteria
If ceiling<7000 ft (2134m), modification = -2
If ceiling>7000 ft but <16000 ft (4877 m), modification = -1
- If TC=10/10 and ceiling>7000 ft, modification = -1, and let
modified value of IN=NR, except for day-time NR cannot be <+1.
During the study period, stability calculated based on above-mentioned
Turner method gives average stability as A-B class during Day time and E
class during Night time. Average micro meteorological data of March-15
to May-15 is used.
4.3.6 Air Quality Modeling and Predictions using the Gaussian Model
The objective of dispersion modeling is to predict the ground level
concentration during the operation of proposed plant and its impact on
ambient air quality of the area.
The impact on air quality due to emissions from single source or group of
sources is evaluated by use of mathematical models. When air pollutants
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are emitted into the atmosphere, they are immediately diffused into
surrounding atmosphere, transported and diluted due to winds. The air
quality models are designed to simulate these processes mathematically
and to relate emissions of primary pollutants to the resulting downwind
air quality. The inputs include emissions, meteorology and surrounding
topographic details to predict the impacts of conservative pollutants.
The impacts of air pollutants were predicted using Gaussian air dispersion
model, which is selected on the basis of existence of multiple point
sources within the industrial complex and the plain terrain at the project
site. The Gaussian air dispersion model has been developed to simulate
the effect of emissions from point sources on air quality. Gaussian model
is extensively used for predicting the Ground Level Concentrations (GLCs)
of conservative pollutants from point, area and volume sources. The
impacts of primary air pollutants are predicted using this air quality
model keeping in view the plain terrain at the project site. The
micrometeorological data monitored at project site during study period
have been used in this model.
The Gaussian model provides estimates of pollutant concentrations at
various receptor locations. It is, an hour-by-hour steady state Gaussian
model which takes into account the following:
Terrain adjustments
Stack-tip downwash
Gradual plume rise
Buoyancy-induced dispersion, and
Complex terrain treatment and consideration of partial reflection
Plume reflection off elevated terrain
Building down wash
Partial penetration of elevated inversions is accounted for Hourly
source emission rates, exit velocity and stack gas temperature
Gaussian air dispersion models were used to estimate the ambient air
quality levels at the different monitoring stations due to stack emissions.
Only two stability conditions based on the meteorology aspects were used
to calculate the theoretical maximum ground level concentration.
Comparing the actual data and data generated from mathematical
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modeling, it highlights that the stability condition E & A-B were
predominant in the region. Using the estimated stack emission data and
wind speed directions, a mathematical model was prepared to establish
the ground level concentration in the region.
4.3.7 Details of Air Dispersion Model
Prediction of GLC values are made by using Industrial Source Complex
Short Term Model Version-3 (ISCST-3) software approved by U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). This model uses a steady
state, sector-averaged Gaussian plume equation for application in
complex terrain (i.e. terrain stack or release height) and is run using
stability classes developed by Pasquill and Gifford.
Following are the assumptions made while using the model:
- No dry and wet depletion of pollutants
- Receptors are on flat terrain with no flag pole
(a) Input data for air quality modeling
Stack emissions data have been used for prediction of short-term
incremental GLC values of PM, SO2, NOx, HCl & Cl2 using one season
meteorological data collected at site during March-15 to May-15. Input
data is given in Table 4.1.
(b) Source Characteristics/Release Characteristics
The details of stack emissions (with and without APCM) is given in Table
4.2 and cumulative Concentrations at various locations is given as Table
4.3.
(c) Meteorological Parameters
Hourly meteorological data collected near the site for the period of
March-15 to May-15 have been used for computing the meteorological
parameters.
(d) Dispersion Modeling Results
The 24 hourly average ground level concentration (GLC) values from
proposed project have been computed for PM, SO2, NOx, HCl & Cl2
considering topographical features around the proposed plant and
applicable stability classes. The maximum 24 hourly average GLC values
for PM, SO2, NOx, HCl & Cl2 from proposed plants are given in Table 4.4
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-8
to Table 4.8. Corresponding isopleths plotted are shown in Figure 4.1 to
Figure 4.5.
4.3.8 Predicted GLCs of Proposed Plant
It is predicted that highest 24–hourly incremental GLC value for SPM,
SO2, NOx, HCl & Cl2 are 0.266 g/m3, 0.105 g/m3, 0.074 g/m3, 0.050
g/m3 & 0.016 g/m3 respectively. The point of maximum concentration
by unit would be 1.00 km from center of industry in E direction.
With this marginal contribution due to the proposal of the project, the
levels of PM10, SO2, NOx, HCl & Cl2 will remain well below the 24 –hourly
ambient air quality standards for SO2 & NOx (80 g/m3), PM10 (100
g/m3), PM2.5 (60 g/m3), HCl, Cl2 (norms not prescribed by CPCB)
prescribed by CPCB. The 24-hourly average GLC Values for SPM, SO2
NOx, HCl & Cl2 are reported in Table 4.4 to Table 4.8. The operation of
proposed plant is not likely to cause any significant impact on the
ambient air quality of the study area.
4.4 WATER ENVIRONMENT
(A) Sources of Impacts
The main sources of impact on water environment will be due to
withdrawal of fresh water from the ground during construction and
operation phase. These are discussed below:
Prediction of Impact
Construction phase
During construction activities, required quantity of water will be met from
bore well. No disposal of construction waste outside the plant and no
leaching are anticipated. Thus the quality and quantity of ground water
will not have any adverse impact during construction phase.
Operational Phase
Total water demand during operational phase will be 99.0 KLD. Out of
which, 90.5 KLD will be fresh water requirement and 8.5 KLD recycle
water. Fresh water will be required during operation of the plant for
process, utilities & domestic purpose, Greenbelt. Raw water requirement
for proposed project will be met from own bore well. However, unit will
also recharge ground water through ground water recharging structures.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-9
(B) Impact Assessment
As fresh water will be extracted from bore well, there will be slight impact
on the ground water table. However, it will be balanced by recharging
ground water during the monsoon season. For that, Industry has
proposed to develop recharging sump at low lying area which will be
connected to the storm water drainage system to recharging the ground
water during the rain. Thus, by recharging the ground water during the
rain, unit will contribute to balance groundwater. Thus, there will not be
any major impact on the water environment due to proposed activities.
Source of the industrial wastewater generation will be from boiler blow
down & cooling bleed off; which will be around 8.5 KL/day. There will be
no discharge of industrial effluent as entire quantity of generated effluent
will be completely reused in scrubber as scrubbing media after primary
treatment.
The other source of wastewater generation will be domestic wastewater
of 4.5 KL/day; which will be disposed off to soak pit through septic tank.
Thus, there will not be any major impact on the water environment due
to proposed activities.
4.5 NOISE LEVEL IMPACT
Any unwanted sound that creates disturbance in hearing is termed as
Noise. Hence, it is important to assess the present noise quality of the
area in order to predict the potential impact of future noise levels due to
the proposed project. During construction phase, the impact on noise
environment will be due to construction equipments and machineries
while during the operational phase the impact on noise environment will
be due to boiler, TFH, D.G. set, manufacturing activities, transportation
etc. activities.
4.5.1 Prediction of Impact during Construction Phase
The noise generates during construction phase may have significant
impact on the existing ambient noise levels. As this is a new project,
construction activities will be carried out as per the plant design.
Furthermore, noise will also be generated due to installation of new
machineries and equipments. However, these impacts will be very minor
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-10
and temporary in nature. The noise impact will be relatively more on
construction workers during their duty hours, which will be mitigated by
use of personal protective devices like ear muffs/plugs etc. All over the
impact will be very minor and temporary in nature.
4.5.2 Prediction of Impact during Operational Phase
The main sources of noise within the plants will be operation of boiler,
TFH, D.G. Set, material handling systems & other machineries, process
plant. Suitable noise control system will be provided to ensure that noise
does not exceed the limit. The noise level shall, however, exceed the
above limits for a short period during start-up of equipments. Other
sources of noise are the movement of vehicles along the road. However,
proper noise preventive measures have been taken to minimize the noise
pollution like ear plugs, dampers to the boilers, efficient silencers to the
vehicles, etc.
The results of monitoring carried out in the region have been presented in
Chapter-3. The results are below the standards prescribed for Industrial
environment. It can be concluded that, the impact on noise environment
will be long term but insignificant. The mitigation measures proposed for
minimising impacts on noise quality are provided in Chapter 10.
4.6 LAND/SOIL ENVIRONMENT
The main source of impact on land and soil environment will be due to
construction activities and hazardous waste disposal.
4.6.1 Prediction of Impact during Construction Phase
As this is a new project, there will be construction activities to be carried
out. There will also be installation of new machineries and equipments.
But all this would not make a huge damage to the present condition of
land. Further the area of the plant is flat. Leveling would not be required.
Thus, topography will also remain unchanged after execution of the
proposal. Thus, the impact on the land/soil during the construction will for
short terms and insignificant.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-11
4.6.2 Prediction of Impact during Operation Phase (Solid/Hazardous
Waste)
Hazardous/solid waste generation will be the main source of impact on
the soil environment. Source of haz. waste generation will be ETP sludge,
Distillation residue, discarded containers/liners & used oil. ETP sludge &
will be disposed by land filling at approved TSDF site. Distillation Residue
will be incinerated at Common Incineration Facility (CHWIF) or send for
co-processing in cement kiln after approval from concern authorities.
Used oil will be sold to registered re-refiners, whereas discarded
containers/liners will be used for packing of ETP sludge and in case of
excess, it will be sold to approved recycler or traders.
Fly ash will be collected, stored and finally disposed by selling to brick
manufacturers.
Entire quantity of the hazardous waste will be stored in the isolated
hazardous waste storage area within premises having leachate collection
system and roof cover. During the operation phase, there are chances of
spillage of raw materials/chemicals. This may also contaminate soil and
land. Thus, after taking adequate steps for the hazardous waste storage,
there will be insignificant impact on the environment due to proposed
project activities.
4.7 ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS (FLORA AND FAUNA)
Impacts of the proposed activities on the ecological environment like
natural vegetation, crops, species diversity is summarized here. This is a
Greenfield project; hence cutting of trees/shrubs will be done to clean the
area. However, it will be balance by developing greenbelt within premises
and along the roads. Various trees, shrubs and herbs are found in and
around it, a list of which is given in baseline. None of the plants are in the
list of endangered plant species. Also, the trees are identified for their
sensitivity & pollution tolerance capacity.
This concept helps to plan the greenbelt of the area making it less
polluted and a pollution absorber. Following is the list of trees from the
identified species which are helpful as pollution absorber and at the same
time pollution sensitive.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-12
The high stomatal Index of Azadirachta indica, makes them susceptible to
SO2. However, the SO2 emissions from the industry will be within limits.
Hence, no major adverse impact is expected on these plants with the
increased emissions. The high SPM levels may harm leaves by blocking
stomata and thus interfering with exchange of gases during
photosynthesis and respiration. The site is not subjected to high-speed
winds and the plants can be expected to be free from any major impacts
of SPM on plants. Thus, there will not be any significant impact on
ecological environment due to proposed project activities.
4.8 SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT
Proposed project will be of medium scale, but no rehabilitation and
resettlement will be involved. The operation of plant will require educated
and trained manpower. The surrounding area has got good educational
facilities. The operation of the plant requires total workforce of 60
persons. Thus, it will boost up the commercial and economical status of
the locality to some extent. Thus, overall impacts on socio-economic
environment due to the existence of plant are long term and positive in
nature.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-13
Mitigation Measures for different component
4.9 MITIGATION MEASURES DURING CONSTRUCTION:
In order to mitigate the adverse environment impact due to the
construction phase are given below:
Regular sprinkling of the water will be recommended along with the
construction activities.
Regular maintenance of machinery and transportation of vehicles
during construction to reduce noise pollution.
The domestic sewage generated during the construction activity will be
routed to septic tanks followed by soak pit.
To protect the workers working in noisy area, personal protective
equipments like earmuffs/earplugs, safety shoes will be provided.
Tree plantation will be proposed around periphery of plant premises
and along the road sides.
4.10 MITIGATION MEASURES DURING THE OPERATIONAL PHASE:
4.10.1 Measures for Air Environment
A) Stack Emission
Flue gas volume should be checked for amount of air needed for the
complete combustion of the fuel.
The unit will also provide adequate APCM & stack monitoring facilities
for the periodic monitoring of the stack to verify the compliance of the
stipulated norms.
Tree stage water scrubber to recover by products from air emission
and followed alkali scrubber to control the air emission as per the
prescribed standard.
In order to minimize the air pollution, unit will also develop greenbelt
in and around its premises.
B) Measures for fugitive emissions
The unit will take following measures:
Paved roads make to reduce the fugitive emission. Water sprinkler will
be provided to reduce the dusting from road transportation.
Entire raw materials are transfer pneumatically to reduce fugitive
emission.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-14
Regular maintenance of valves, pipes etc.
To reduce the pollutant emission during transportation, unit has
adopted the practice of regular check-up and maintenance of vehicular
engines for complete combustion of the fuel by the transporters.
Regular periodic monitoring of work area to check the fugitive
emission.
4.10.2 Measures for water environment
ETP will be installed and treated effluent reuse in scrubber to achieve
zero discharge.
Unit proposed to recharge ground water during the whole year and
especially in monsoon to balance the water table by making a
recharge sump/ structures etc. in own premises.
Use of high-pressure hoses for cleaning the floor to reduce the amount
of wastewater generated.
4.10.3 Measures for hazardous/solid waste
Classification of waste
Collection, Storage, Transportation & disposal at TSDF site & sell to
appropriate recycler &/or reuse.
Data Management and Reporting
Separate storage area
4.10.4 Measures for Noise
To minimize the noise pollution, the unit proposes the following noise
control measures,
Noise suppression measures such as enclosures, buffers and/or
protective measures should be provided, if required (wherever noise
level is more than 90 dB (A)).
Employees should be provided with ear protection measures like
earplugs or earmuffs. Earplug should be provided to all workers where
exposure is 85 dB (A) or more.
Extensive oiling, lubrication and preventive maintenance will be carried
out for the machineries and equipments to reduce noise generation.
4.10.5 Health & Safety measures
Provision of periodic medical check-up for all the employees.
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Protective equipments will be regularly checked and will be kept easily
accessible and easily workable during emergency.
Various types of fire extinguishers such as (Foam type, water CO2
type, CO2 type) will be provided inside the factory premises.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-16
Table 4.1
Input data for air quality modeling
Sr.
No.
Stack attached
to
Stack
Temp.
(0C)
Velocity
(m/s)
Dia. of
stack
(m)
Stack
Height
in m
SPM
g/s
SO2
g/s
NOX
g/s
1 Common stack of
Boiler & TFH
165 10.0 0.45 30 0.05 0.004 0.01
2 D.G. Set
(200 kVA)
180 15.0 0.150 11 0.005 0.002 0.002
3 Reaction vessels
(MCA)
50 7.5 0.300 21 HCl - 0.002 g/s
Cl2 - 0.0005 g/s
4 Reaction vessels
(CAC & TCAC)
50 8.5 0.300 21 HCl - 0.002 g/s
SO2 - 0.002 g/s
Cl2 - 0.001 g/s
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Table 4.2
Estimated air emission Quality (with & without APCM)
Sr.
No.
Stack attached to Without APCM With APCM
SPM g/s
SO2
g/s NOX
g/s SPM g/s
SO2
g/s NOX
g/s
1 Boiler + TFH 0.795 0.004 0.010 0.05 0.004 0.01
2 D.G. Set 0.005 0.002 0.002 0.005 0.002 0.002
3 Reaction vessels
(MCA)
HCl-*
Cl2 - 1.12
HCl - 0.002
Cl2 - 0.0005
4 Reaction vessels
(CAC & TCAC)
HCl-*
Cl2 - 1.2
SO2 - 39.6
HCl - 0.002
Cl2 - 0.001
SO2 - 0.002
* HCl is one of the major recovery of byproduct and estimation without
APCM is very difficult however, per day HCl generation from the
reaction is tune around 19.0 MT.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-18
Table 4.3
Cumulative Concentrations at various locations
Station Direction Dist.
(Km)
Baseline
Concentration
(g/m3)
Predicted GLC
(g/m3)
Cumulative
Concentration
(g/m3)
PM SO2 NOx PM SO2 NOx PM SO2 NOx
Project Site -- -- 64.7 10.9 14.0 0.02 0.02 0.06 64.72 10.92 14.06
Neja ENE 3.1 57.9 10.6 12.8 0.02 0.035 0.08 57.92 10.635 12.88
Navagam Bara W 8.4 61.5 12.6 13.9 0.00 0.00 0.00 61.5 12.6 13.9
Lunej WNW 1.7 54.9 12.2 14.2 0.04 0.05 0.06 54.94 12.25 14.26
Sokhada NNE 2.6 59.6 13.0 15.1 0.10 0.02 0.02 59.7 13.02 15.12
Khambhat SE 4.3 58.2 13.5 15.7 0.08 0.005 0.015 58.28 13.505 15.715
Paldi WNW 2.7 56.5 12.8 14.5 0.06 0.025 0.05 56.56 12.825 14.55
Nagra ENE 5.4 53.1 13.1 13.9 0.02 0.05 0.05 53.12 13.15 13.95
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-19
Table 4.4
The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for SPM
RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE
1 0.266 (1000.00, .00) GC 26 0.171 (2000.00, -2000.00) GC
2 0.265 (1000.00, .00) GC 27 0.171 (2000.00, -2000.00) GC
3 0.256 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 28 0.169 (3000.00, .00) GC
4 0.254 (1000.00, .00) GC 29 0.169 (1000.00, .00) GC
5 0.241 ( .00, 1000.00) GC 30 0.169 (3000.00, .00) GC
6 0.232 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 31 0.168 ( .00, -2000.00) GC
7 0.230 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 32 0.167 ( .00, -3000.00) GC
8 0.224 (1000.00, .00) GC 33 0.166 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
9 0.224 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 34 0.162 (3000.00, .00) GC
10 0.221 (2000.00, .00) GC 35 0.160 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
11 0.219 (1000.00, .00) GC 36 0.159 ( .00, -1000.00) GC
12 0.219 (2000.00, .00) GC 37 0.159 (-1000.00, -1000.00) GC
13 0.212 (2000.00, .00) GC 38 0.156 (2000.00, 2000.00) GC
14 0.211 (1000.00, .00) GC 39 0.155 (1000.00, .00) GC
15 0.210 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 40 0.155 (3000.00, .00) GC
16 0.209 ( .00, -2000.00) GC 41 0.155 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
17 0.208 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 42 0.154 (1000.00, .00) GC
18 0.201 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 43 0.153 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
19 0.198 (2000.00, .00) GC 44 0.148 (1000.00, .00) GC
20 0.198 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 45 0.145 ( .00, 2000.00) GC
21 0.197 (2000.00, 2000.00) GC 46 0.145 (2000.00, 2000.00) GC
22 0.195 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 47 0.144 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
23 0.181 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 48 0.141 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
24 0.181 (1000.00, .00) GC 49 0.140 (3000.00, 3000.00) GC
25 0.175 ( .00, -2000.00) GC 50 0.139 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
Note: Receptor Types: GC = Grid cart, Concentration in µg/m3
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-20
Table 4.5
The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for SO2
RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE
1 0.105 (1000.00, .00) GC 26 0.059 (2000.00, .00) GC
2 0.101 (1000.00, .00) GC 27 0.056 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
3 0.099 (1000.00, .00) GC 28 0.056 (1000.00, .00) GC
4 0.093 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 29 0.056 (1000.00, .00) GC
5 0.093 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 30 0.055 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
6 0.090 ( 1000.00, .00) GC 31 0.054 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
7 0.081 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 32 0.053 (1000.00, .00) GC
8 0.080 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 33 0.053 (1000.00, .00) GC
9 0.080 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 34 0.052 ( .00, -2000.00) GC
10 0.079 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 35 0.052 (2000.00, 2000.00) GC
11 0.078 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 36 0.051 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
12 0.072 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 37 0.050 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
13 0.068 ( .00, 1000.00) GC 38 0.050 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
14 0.067 (1000.00, .00) GC 39 0.050 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
15 0.067 ( .00, 1000.00) GC 40 0.049 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC
16 0.066 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 41 0.049 ( .00, -2000.00) GC
17 0.066 (2000.00, .00) GC 42 0.048 (-1000.00, -1000.00) GC
18 0.065 (1000.00, .00) GC 43 0.046 (2000.00, -2000.00) GC
19 0.064 ( .00, -2000.00) GC 44 0.046 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
20 0.064 ( 2000.00, .00) GC 45 0.046 (1000.00, .00) GC
21 0.064 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 46 0.045 (1000.00, .00) GC
22 0.063 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 47 0.045 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
23 0.063 (1000.00, .00) GC 48 0.045 (2000.00, -2000.00) GC
24 0.062 (2000.00, .00) GC 49 0.044 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
25 0.061 (1000.00, .00) GC 50 0.044 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC
Note: Receptor Types: GC = Grid cart, Concentration in µg/m3
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-21
Table 4.6
The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for NOx
RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE
1 0.074 (1000.00, .00) GC 26 0.046 (1000.00, .00) GC
2 0.073 (1000.00, .00) GC 27 0.045 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
3 0.073 (1000.00, .00) GC 28 0.044 (1000.00, .00) GC
4 0.070 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 29 0.043 ( .00, -2000.00) GC
5 0.063 (1000.00, .00) GC 30 0.043 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
6 0.063 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 31 0.042 ( .00, -2000.00) GC
7 0.060 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 32 0.042 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
8 0.060 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 33 0.042 (1000.00, .00) GC
9 0.060 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 34 0.042 (2000.00, -2000.00) GC
10 0.060 ( .00, 1000.00) GC 35 0.041 (2000.00, -2000.00) GC
11 0.057 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 36 0.041 (1000.00, .00) GC
12 0.056 (1000.00, .00) GC 37 0.041 (3000.00, .00) GC
13 0.055 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 38 0.040 (3000.00, .00) GC
14 0.055 (2000.00, .00) GC 39 0.040 ( .00, -3000.00) GC
15 0.055 (1000.00, .00) GC 40 0.040 (-1000.00, -1000.00) GC
16 0.054 (2000.00, .00) GC 41 0.040 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
17 0.053 ( .00, -2000.00) GC 42 0.039 (3000.00, .00) GC
18 0.053 (2000.00, .00) GC 43 0.039 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
19 0.051 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 44 0.038 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
20 0.051 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 45 0.038 (1000.00, .00) GC
21 0.050 (2000.00, .00) GC 46 0.038 (2000.00, 2000.00) GC
22 0.049 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 47 0.037 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
23 0.049 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 48 0.037 (3000.00, .00) GC
24 0.048 (2000.00, 2000.00) GC 49 0.036 ( .00, 2000.00) GC
25 0.047 (1000.00, .00) GC 50 0.036 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
Note: Receptor Types: GC = Grid cart, Concentration in µg/m3
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-22
Table 4.7
The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for HCl
RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE
1 0.050 (1000.00, .00) GC 26 0.028 (2000.00, .00) GC
2 0.048 (1000.00, .00) GC 27 0.027 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
3 0.047 (1000.00, .00) GC 28 0.026 (1000.00, .00) GC
4 0.046 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 29 0.026 (1000.00, .00) GC
5 0.045 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 30 0.026 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
6 0.043 (1000.00, .00) GC 31 0.025 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
7 0.041 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 32 0.025 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
8 0.039 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 33 0.025 ( .00, -2000.00) GC
9 0.038 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 34 0.025 (1000.00, .00) GC
10 0.037 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 35 0.024 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC
11 0.037 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 36 0.024 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
12 0.035 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 37 0.024 (1000.00, .00) GC
13 0.033 ( .00, 1000.00) GC 38 0.024 (2000.00, 2000.00) GC
14 0.032 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 39 0.023 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
15 0.031 (1000.00, .00) GC 40 0.023 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
16 0.031 ( .00, 1000.00) GC 41 0.023 ( .00, -2000.00) GC
17 0.031 (2000.00, .00) GC 42 0.022 (-1000.00, -1000.00) GC
18 0.030 ( .00, -2000.00) GC 43 0.022 (1000.00, .00) GC
19 0.030 (2000.00, .00) GC 44 0.022 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC
20 0.030 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 45 0.022 (1000.00, .00) GC
21 0.030 (1000.00, .00) GC 46 0.021 (1000.00, .00) GC
22 0.030 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 47 0.021 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
23 0.029 (1000.00, .00) GC 48 0.021 (1000.00, .00) GC
24 0.029 (2000.00, .00) GC 49 0.021 ( 2000.00, -2000.00) GC
25 0.029 (1000.00, .00) GC 50 0.021 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
Note: Receptor Types: GC = Grid cart, Concentration in µg/m3
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-23
Table 4.8
The 24-hourly average GLC Concentration Values for Cl2
RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE RANK CONC RECEPTOR (XR,YR) TYPE
1 0.016 (1000.00, .00) GC 26 0.009 (2000.00, .00) GC
2 0.016 (1000.00, .00) GC 27 0.009 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
3 0.015 (1000.00, .00) GC 28 0.008 (1000.00, .00) GC
4 0.015 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 29 0.008 (1000.00, .00) GC
5 0.015 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 30 0.008 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
6 0.014 (1000.00, .00) GC 31 0.008 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
7 0.013 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 32 0.008 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
8 0.013 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 33 0.008 ( .00, -2000.00) GC
9 0.012 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 34 0.008 (1000.00, .00) GC
10 0.012 ( .00, -1000.00) GC 35 0.008 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC
11 0.012 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 36 0.008 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
12 0.011 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 37 0.008 (1000.00, .00) GC
13 0.011 ( .00, 1000.00) GC 38 0.008 (2000.00, 2000.00) GC
14 0.010 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 39 0.007 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
15 0.010 (1000.00, .00) GC 40 0.007 ( .00, -2000.00) GC
16 0.010 ( .00, 1000.00) GC 41 0.007 ( .00, 1000.00) GC
17 0.010 (2000.00, .00) GC 42 0.007 (-1000.00, -1000.00) GC
18 0.010 ( .00, -2000.00) GC 43 0.007 (1000.00, .00) GC
19 0.010 (2000.00, .00) GC 44 0.007 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC
20 0.010 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC 45 0.007 (1000.00, .00) GC
21 0.010 (1000.00, .00) GC 46 0.007 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
22 0.010 (1000.00, 1000.00) GC 47 0.007 (1000.00, .00) GC
23 0.010 (1000.00, .00) GC 48 0.007 (2000.00, -2000.00) GC
24 0.009 (2000.00, .00) GC 49 0.007 (1000.00, .00) GC
25 0.009 (1000.00, .00) GC 50 0.007 (1000.00, -1000.00) GC
Note: Receptor Types: GC = Grid cart, Concentration in µg/m3
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-24
Figure 4.1: Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for SPM
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-25
Figure 4.2: Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for SO2
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-26
Figure 4.3: Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for NOx
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-27
Figure 4.4: Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for HCl
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 4-28
Figure 4.5: Isopleths for Ground Level Concentrations for Cl2
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 5-1
Chapter-5
Analysis of Alternatives
5.1 PROLOGUE:
Alternative analysis is the process of analyzing the proposed locating for
suitability for basic necessities to operate the plant safely, this analysis
also covers the environmental aspect of pollution prevention and
improvement in quality of life nearby the project vicinity. The project
alternative is the course of action in pace of another, that would meet the
same purpose and need, but which would avoid or minimize negative
impacts and enhance project benefits.
Such projects may result in specific impacts which can be avoided or
mitigated by adherence to certain predetermined performance standards,
guidelines or design criteria. Alternative approaches may therefore be
more effective in integrating environmental and social concerns into the
project planning process.
5.2 PROJECT DETAILS:
M/s. Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. is proposed to start a new unit for
manufacturing of different chlorinated organic compounds with total
capacity of 1550 MTPM at Survey No. 455 & 456, Village: Neja, Taluka:
Khambhat, Dist.: Anand.
Proposed activities are falls under 5(f) category-Synthetic organic
chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates; bulk drugs and
intermediates excluding drug formulations; synthetic rubbers; basic
organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals and chemical
intermediates) and therefore prior EC is required.
5.3 SITE ALTERNATIVE:
The project site is in proximity of Anand District of Gujarat State. It is
very well familiar with the surrounding environment; therefore, it
becomes easy for the unit to set up the project on above said location.
The other supporting features are briefly summarized hereunder,
Availability of infrastructure facilities such as water supply, power,
roads, social infrastructure and manpower;
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 5-2
Availability of raw materials of proper quality and in adequate
quantity;
Good communication and transportation facilities;
Proximity of market;
The nearest city Anand is 40.0 km away from the project site, which
is very well connected with other parts of the country by road & rail;
No R & R will be required;
No national park or wildlife habitat falls within 10 km radial distance
from proposed project site.
The location of project is best suited to start above manufacturing
activities. So no alternative for site is analyzed.
5.4 ALTERNATIVE FOR TECHNOLOGIES:
Particular Proposed Technology Alternatives
Water Wastewater treatment plant
consisting of primary
treatment units.
Domestic wastewater will be
disposed off through septic
tank.
Unit already has proposed
adequate technology for the
treatment of industrial
wastewater.
Air Cyclone & bag filter for control
of flue gas stack and water
scrubber and alkali scrubber
for control of process
emission.
Proposed APCM is adequate
to keep emission within limit.
Solid/
Hazardous
waste
Haz. Waste will be stored in
separate storage area and
finally disposed to approve
TSDF site, to CHWI facility,
reuse of waste & disposal by
selling to registered recycler.
As proposed disposal facilities
are safe disposal facilities and
also guided by authority. No
thoughts are required to
switching on other alternative.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 6-1
Chapter-6
Environmental Monitoring Program 6.1 PRELUDE:
Environment monitoring is the sampling and analysis tool to know the
environment conditions at particular time. The record of environmental
monitoring is most important as the environmental changes are slow in
nature and impact appears after many years. Environmental Monitoring is
the technical heart of assessment of environmental and social impacts
arising due to implementation of the proposed project. An equally
essential element of this process is to develop measures to eliminate,
offset or reduce impacts to acceptable levels during implementation and
operation of projects. The integration of such measures into project
implementation and operation is supported by clearly defining the
environmental requirements within an Environmental Management Plan.
Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. is proposed to start a new unit for
manufacturing of chlorinated organic compounds with capacity of 1550
MTPM at Survey No. 455 & 456, Village: Neja, Taluka: Khambhat, Dist.:
Anand. It has proposed adequate environmental monitoring programme.
6.2 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAM:
The continuous monitoring of Environmental parameters like air, water,
noise, soil and performance of pollution control facilities and safety
measures in the plant are vital for proper Environmental management of
any industrial project. Therefore, the company shall create environmental
monitoring facilities by the environmental and safety department to
monitor air and water pollutants as per the guideline of GPCB & CPCB.
Moreover, air and water shall be monitored by outside agencies
authorized by GPCB at regular frequencies. This department shall also
carry out periodical checkup of fire and safety equipments.
6.3 OBJECTIVE OF MONITORING PLAN:
The basic objective of implementing a monitoring plan on a regular basis
is as follows:
To know the pollution status within the plant and its vicinity.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 6-2
Generate data for corrective action in respect of pollution.
Correlate the production operations with emission and control
mechanism.
Examine the performance of pollution control system.
Assess the Environmental impacts.
Remedial measures and environment management plant to reverse
the impacts.
6.4 SCHEDULES FOR ENVIRONMENT MONITORING:
The environmental monitoring will be scheduled on regular interval to
assess the conditions. The record of these monitoring will be compared
with the baseline study to know the changes in environmental conditions.
The post-project environmental monitoring suggested herewith should be
as per the following guideline. The highlights of the integrated
environmental monitoring plan are:
The stack monitoring facilities like ladder, platform and porthole at
all the stacks will be maintained in good condition.
Regular monitoring of all gaseous emissions from stacks/vents.
The performance of air pollution control equipment evaluated based
on these monitoring results.
Water consumption will be recorded daily.
As far as possible, noise curbed at its source, with the help of
acoustic hoods and other such noise reducing equipment. Regular
noise level monitoring will be carried out.
Greenbelt will be properly maintained and new plantation
programmes will be undertaken frequently.
Continuous environmental awareness programmes will be carried
out for the employees and also in the surrounding villages.
6.5 Ambient Air Quality monitoring
Scheme for monitoring ambient air quality, stack emissions and fugitive
emissions are proposed. The ambient air quality monitoring systems are
recommended for monitoring the ground level concentrations and fugitive
emissions around the plant. Unit should install three monitoring stations
around its battery limit (at 1200 as per guideline) for monitoring PM, SO2
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 6-3
and NOx. The combined data will provide overall characteristic and
emission from the industry. For this, the following equipment is
recommended to be procured or can higher the services from
Environmental consultant by the project proponent for implementing the
above mentioned monitoring schemes:
Respirable Dust Sampler
Blower - 1.0-1.5 m3/min capacity with adapter for uniform suction
through filter and a properly calibrated manometer assembly for the
determination of flow rate through filter paper.
Rota meter - For gaseous sampling, calibrated Rota meter (0-5 LPM) for
maintaining flow rate should be provided.
Main housing - The main housing should be rectangular with a stand of
about 1.25 m height.
Besides this, stack emissions monitoring as per GPCB guidelines shall be
carried out.
Water Environment:
Entire quantity of wastewater will be collected and treated in ETP
consisting of primary treatment units and reuse for scrubber. So there
will be no wastewater discharge outside the premises and unit will
achieve zero discharge.
Noise Environment:
Monitoring of noise levels is essential to assess the efficacy of
maintenance schedules undertaken to reduce noise levels and noise
protection measures. A good quality digital sound pressure level meter is
essential for this purpose.
Transportation:
All the necessary precaution will be taken while carrying out transport of
the materials as per the Hazardous rules of transportation, central Motor
Vehicle Act-1988 & 1989. The vehicle for transportation of raw materials,
by-products and products will be parked at specified loading facilities
where there will be a provision of fire extinguishers.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 6-4
Table: 6.1 Environment Monitoring Plan
Nature of Analysis Frequency of analysis
with its analyzer
Parameters
Wastewater analysis Monthly by external agency pH, TDS, SS, Oil &
Grease, etc.
Stack Monitoring of
each stack
Monthly by external agency PM, SO2, NOX, HCl, Cl2
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Monthly for 24 hours or as
per the statutory conditions
by external agency
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX
Noise level Monthly as per the
statutory conditions by
external agency
Nr. Main gate, Nr.
Boiler, TFH, Nr. D. G.
Set, Process area etc.
Work zone fugitive
monitoring
Monthly by external agency RPM, Acid fumes, Cl2
Health check-up of
workers
As per the statutory
guideline
All workers
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 6-5
Table: 6.2 Budget for implementation of Environmental Monitoring Plan
Particulars No. of
location
Parameters Methodologies Total
Budget Method of
Monitoring
Method of
Analysis
Stack Monitoring
of each stack
All stacks PM, SO2, NOx Stack
monitoring
kit
PM: IS 11255:
part-1: 1985
SO2: IS 11255:
part-2: 1985
NOx: IS 11255:
part-7: 2005
HCl: Titrametric
Cl2: Colorimetric
3500/
stack
Ambient Air
Quality
Monitoring
3
locations
PM2.5, PM10,
SO2, NOx
RDS, Fine
particulate
sampler
PM2.5: IS 5182:
part-23: 2006
PM10: IS 5182:
part-23: 2006
SO2: IS 5182:
part-2: 2001
NOx: IS 5182:
part-6: 2006
5500/
station
Waste water
Analysis
1 sample pH, TDS, SS,
Oil & Grease,
etc.
-- APHA-AWWA
22nd edition
2500/
Sample
Work zone
fugitive
monitoring
2 to 3
locations
RPM, HCl & Cl2 Personal
sampler
Gravimetric,
Titrimetric,
Colorimetric
1500/
location
Noise Pollution 6 to 8
locations
Sound Level
Meter
Sound
Level Meter
Sound Level
Meter
1000/
location
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-1
Chapter-7
Additional Studies
Risk Assessment
A. HAZARDS ANALYSIS & RISK ASSESSMENT
7.1 INTRODUCTION
Industrial plants deal with materials, which are generally hazardous in
nature by virtue of their intrinsic chemical properties or their operating
temperatures or pressures or a combination of these. Fire, explosion,
toxic release or combinations of these are the hazards associated with
industrial plants using hazardous chemicals. More comprehensive,
systematic and sophisticated methods of Safety Engineering, such as,
Hazard Analysis and QuantitativeRisk Assessment have now been
developed to improve upon the integrity, reliability and safety of
industrial plants.
The primary emphasis in safety engineering is to reduce risk to human
life, property and environment. Some of the more important methods
used to achieve this are:
Quantitative Risk Analysis: Provides a relative measure of the
likelihood and severity of various possible hazardous events by
critically examining the plant process and design.
Work Safety Analysis: The technique discerns whether the plant
layout and operating procedures in practice have any inherent
infirmities.
Safety Audit: Takes a careful look at plant operating conditions,
work practices and work environments to detect unsafe conditions.
Together, these three broad tools attempt to minimize the chances of
accidents occurring. Yet, there always exists, no matter how remote,
probability of occurrence of a major accident. If the accident involves
highly hazardous chemicals in sufficiently large quantities, the
consequences may be serious to the plant, to surrounding areas and the
populations residing therein.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-2
7.2 RISK ASSESSMENT
M/s. KARAN Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. (hence forth „KARAN‟) is a setting
up a plant at Survey No. 455 & 456, Village: Neja, Taluka: Khambhat,
District: Anand, Gujarat. The proposed unit is to manufacture various
types of Chlorinated organic products. A three „levels‟ risk assessment
approach has been adopted for the KARAN for their proposed chloro
organic chemicals unit. The risk assessment levels are generally consistent
with the practices encountered through various assignments for medium
and large chemical complexes. The brief outline of the three tier approach
is given below:
Level 1 – Risk Screening
This is top-down review of worst- case potential hazards/risks, aimed
primarily at identifying plant sites or areas within plant, which pose the
highest risk. Various screening factors considered include:
Inventory of hazardous materials;
Hazardous Materials properties;
Storage conditions (e.g. temperature and pressure);
Location sensitivity (distance to residential areas/populace).
The data/information is obtained from plant. The results provide a relative
indication of the extent of hazards and potential for risk exposure.
Level 2 – Major Risk Survey (Semi - Quantitative)
The survey approach combines the site inspection with established risk
assessment techniques applied both qualitative as well quantitative mode.
The primary objective is to identify and select major risks at a specific
location in the plant considering possible soft spots/weak links during
operation/maintenance. Aspects covered in the risk usually include:
Process Hazards;
Process Safety Management Systems;
Fire Protection and Emergency response equipments and
programs.
Security Vulnerability;
Impact of hazards consequences (equipment damage, business
interruption, injury, fatalities);
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-3
Qualitative risk identification of scenarios involving hazardous
materials;
Risk reduction measures.
Selection of critical scenarios and their potential of damage provide means
of prioritising mitigative measures and allocate the resources to the areas
with highest risks.
Level 3 – Quantitative Risk Assessment (Deterministic)
This is the stage of assessment of risks associated with all credible
hazards (scenarios) with potential to cause an undesirable outcome such
as human injury, fatality or destruction of property. The four basic
elements include:
i. Hazards identification utilising formal approach (Level 2, HAZOP
etc.);
ii. Frequency Analysis. Based on past safety data (incidents/
accidents); Identifying likely pathway of failures and quantifying the
toxic / inflammable material release;
iii. Hazards analysis to quantify the consequences of various hazards
scenarios (fire, explosion, BLEVE, toxic vapour release
etc.).Establish minimum value for damage (e.g. IDLH, over
pressure, radiation flux) to assess the impact on environment.
iv. Risk Quantification: Quantitative techniques are used considering
effect / impact due to weather data, population data, and frequency
of occurrences and likely hood of ignition/ toxic release. Data are
analysed considering likely damage (in terms of injury/fatality,
property damage) each scenarios is likely to cause.
QRA provides a means to determine the relative significance of a number
of undesired events, allowing analyst and the team to focus their risk
reduction efforts where they will be beneficial most.
M/s. KARAN Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. proposed project is hazardous in
nature. The QRA for this plant is based on Level 1 and Level 2.
Table in Chapter-2 gives the list of products (and their monthly production
capacity) to be manufactured in the proposed KARAN project. Table below
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gives the bulk storages of liquid and gaseous raw materials and their
monthly consumption.
7.3 RISK SCREENING APPROACH
Proposed Plant: Risk screening of KARAN plant was undertaken through
process study and study of data/information provided by them. Data of
major / bulk storages of raw materials, intermediates and other chemicals
were collected. MSDS of hazardous chemicals were studied vis a vis their
inventories and mode of storage. KARAN plant will be using number of
hazardous chemicals and also producing organic chemicals – hazardous in
nature. The chemicals stored in bulk (liquid or gaseous) and defined under
MSHIC Rule will be considered for detailed analysis.
Many of the KARAN chemicals are hazardous in nature. However hazards
potential (for damage) of products and other materials to plant personnel,
environment and off-site area is different for different materials. KARAN
will be using a number of raw materials but only six are stored in bulk and
are listed under “List of hazardous and Toxic Chemicals” category under
MSIHC Rules, 1989. The raw materials coming under hazardous category
as specified by MSIHC Rules, 1989 (including subsequent amendments) is
given in Table 7.1 below:
Table 7.1: Hazards Analysis - Raw materials
S.
No.
Raw material S. No.& Threshold
Quantity (TQ in MT)
as per MSHIC Rules
Chemicals Hazards Potential Remarks
Sch
edul
e-1,
Part
-II
Sche
dule-
2,
Part-
I
Sched
ule-3,
Part-I
Hazards Toxic
1. Acetic Acid CAS No:64-19-7 UN 2790 CH3COOH
Clear colourless Liquid with strong vinegar odour; Infinitely soluble
2 - - BP-1180C; Flash Point: 390CFlammable limits in air % by
volume: LEL: 4.0; UEL: 19.9 Stable under ordinary conditions of use and storage. Heat and sunlight can
contribute to instability.
Incompatibilities with Other Materials: Oxidizing agents,
Oral rat LD50: 3310 mg/kg. Dermal rabbit LD50:
1.06g/Kg. Inhalation mouse LC50: 5620 ppm/1 hr.
May be fatal or cause blindness if swallowed. Vapor harmful.
Flammable liquid andvapor. Harmful if swallowed, inhaled, or absorbed through the
skin. Causes eye, skin, and
respiratory tractIrritation. May cause central nervous
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reducing agents, acids, alkali
metals,
potassium, sodium, metals as powders
system depression.
2. Acetic Anhydride
CAS No: 108-24-7 (CH3CO)2 Liquid with strong odour and taste.
3 - - FP (OC)-510C; BP-139.90C LEL-
2.7%; UEL-10.3% Flammable liquid. Corrosive liquid. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Stop leak
if without risk. Absorbwith DRY
earth, sand or other non-combustible material. Do not get water inside
container. Do not touch spilled material.Use water spray curtain to divert vapor drift.
Acute oral toxicity
(LD50): 1780 mg/kg [Rat]. Acute dermal toxicity (LD50): 4000 mg/kg [Rabbit].
Acute toxicity of the vapor
(LC50): 1000 4 hours [Rat].
Death if inhaled or absorbed;
severe eye irritation and burns; allergic dermatitis,skin burns; bronchitis, pulmonary
oedema; headache,
dizziness, nausea, vomiting
3. Chlorine CAS No:7782-50-5 UN No:1017
A greenish yellow gas with
a pungent suffocating odor. Toxic by inhalation.
119 5 TQ-1: 10MT TQ-2:
25 MT
108 TQ-1: 10MT TQ-2:
25 MT
Non Combustible;May ignite other combustible
materials (wood, paper, oil, etc.).
Mixture with fuels may cause explosion. Container may explode in heat of fire. Chlorine reacts explosively
with or supports the burning of numerous common materials. Ignites steel at 100°C in
the presence of soot, rust, carbon, or other catalysts. Ignites dry steel wool at 50°C. Hydrogen and chlorine mixtures
(5-95%) are exploded by almost any form of energy (heat, sunlight, sparks, etc.). Health Hazards:
Poisonous; may
be fatal if inhaled. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes.
ERPG-1: 1.0 ppm ERPG-2: 3.0 ppm
ERPG-3: 20 ppm
IDLH: 10 ppm
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Bronchitis or chronic lung
conditions
4. Thionyl Chloride CAS No: 7719-09-7 Cl2OS Clear Fuming
liquids with suffocating odour. BP -76°C
620 - - Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of
ingestion, of inhalation. Hazardous in case of skin contact Inhalation of the spray mistmay produce severe
irritation of respiratory tract,
characterized by coughing, choking, or shortness of breath. Severe
overexposurecan result in death.
Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50): 500 1 hours [Rat].
Non-flammable.
THIONYL
CHLORIDE can
react with
water and/or
water vapor to
produce
hydrochloric
acid, sulfur
dioxide and
heat.
5. Sulphur Mono Chloride (SMC) CAS No:
100025-67-9 Cl2S2 A yellow-red oily fuming liquid with
pungent irritating odour.
BP -135,6 °C
588 - - Decomposes in water; Soluble in alcohol,benzene,
ether,carbon disulfide,carbon tetrachloride,oils. Ingestion: Gastritis, burns,
gastric hemorrhage,
dilation, edema, necrosis, and strictures may occur Inhalation:Changes in breathing pattern, irritation
and edema of the respiratory tract Skin: Burns, ulceration, scarring, blanching, and
irritation may occur.
Odour threshold: 7.0 mg/m3
Permissible exposure limit: 6 mg/m3
Warning: SMC can react with water and/or
water vapor to produce hydrochloric acid, sulfur dioxide,
hydrogen sulfide and heat
6. Hydrochloric acid (Gas) CAS No: 7647-01-0 UN No:
1789
313 - - Not Flammable; Inhalation of fumes results in coughing and
choking sensation, and irritation of nose and lungs. Liquid causes burns
ERPG-1: 3.0 ppm ERPG-2: 20 ppm
ERPG-3: 150 ppm IDLH: ---- ppm
Plant uses liquid and emits HCl gas
Note:
1. TQ-I: Threshold quantity (for application of rules 4,5,7 to 9 and 13
to 15)
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-7
TQ-II: Threshold quantity (for application of rules 10 to 12)
As detailed in the above table out of 6 hazardous raw materials (stored in
bulk) one is toxic gas and five are toxic liquids. One liquid is Toxic as well
inflammable.
Note:
1. Oral Toxicity (OT) in LD50 (mg/kg)
2. Dermal Toxicity (DT) in LD50 (mg/kg)
3. Inhalation Toxicity in LC50 (mg/l) [4 hrs.]
Acute Exposure Guideline Levels (AEGLs)
AEGL-3 is "the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is
predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals,
could experience life-threatening adverse health effects or death."
AEGL-2 is "the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is
predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals,
could experience irreversible or other serious, long-lasting adverse health
effects or an impaired ability to escape."
AEGL-1 is "the airborne concentration of a substance above which it is
predicted that the general population, including susceptible individuals,
could experience notable discomfort, irritation, or certain asymptomatic
non-sensory effects.
Emergency Response Planning Guidelines (ERPGs)
The 3 ERPG tiers are defined as follows:
ERPG-3 is "the maximum airborne concentration below which it is
believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour
without experiencing or developing life-threatening health effects."
ERPG-2 is "the maximum airborne concentration below which it is
believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour
without experiencing or developing irreversible or other serious health
effects or symptoms which could impair an individual's ability to take
protective action."
ERPG-1 is "the maximum airborne concentration below which it is
believed that nearly all individuals could be exposed for up to 1 hour
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-8
without experiencing other than mild transient health effects or perceiving
a clearly defined, objectionable odor."
Temporary Emergency Exposure Limits (TEELs)
TEELs are used in similar situations as the 60-minute AEGLs and
ERPGs. However, in situations where the concentration varies over
time, the TEEL developers recommend using a conservative 15-minute
time-weighted average concentration. A chemical may have up to 4
TEEL values, each of which corresponds to a specific tier of health
effects.
The 4 TEEL tiers are defined as follows:
TEEL-3 is "the maximum concentration in air below which it is believed
nearly all individuals could be exposed without experiencing or developing
life-threatening health effects."
TEEL-2 is "the maximum concentration in air below which it is believed
nearly all individuals could be exposed without experiencing or developing
irreversible or other serious health effects or symptoms that could impair
their abilities to take protective action."
TEEL-1 is "the maximum concentration in air below which it is believed
nearly all individuals could be exposed without experiencing other than
mild transient health effects or perceiving a clearly defined objectionable
odor."
TEEL-0 is "the threshold concentration below which most people will
experience no appreciable risk of health effects."
The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) defines
an immediately dangerous to life or health condition as a situation "that
poses a threat of exposure to airborne contaminants when that exposure
is likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse
health effects or prevent escape from such an environment."
The IDLH limit represents the concentration of a chemical in the air to
which healthy adult workers could be exposed (if their respirators fail)
without suffering permanent or escape-impairing health effects.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-9
7.4 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS STORAGE
The solid raw materials will be received in bags or drums and will be
stored inchemicalsgodowns. The products (liquid or solid) will be packed in
drums and stored in product godowns as per market demand. The bulk
storages of liquid hazardous materials are given in the Table 7.2 below:
Table 7.2:Hazardous Chemicals Storage Facilities
Sr.
No.
Name of chemicals Type of
Storage
Physical
Form
Maximum
storage at a
time (MT)
RM 1 Acetic acid Tank Liquid 50
RM 2 Acetic anhydride Tank Liquid 2.0
RM 3 Chlorine Tonner Liquid 200 Nos.
(900 kg)
RM 4 Thionyl chloride Tank Liquid 15
RM 5 SMC
(Sulphur Mono
Chloride“588”)
Tank Liquid 15
RM 6 HCl Tank Liquid 250
The solid material powder or granules spillage can results in polluting
small area only. The damage to personnel can be through ingress- dermal
(if individual come in contact), oral (if individual food gets infected
through fugitive dust) or inhalation (fugitive dust). The main route is
fugitive dust which in covered area will move to short distance only.
The risk is through liquid/gaseous materials which are volatile material.
The toxic vapours due to spillage of such material can travel to some
distance (as they are stored in covered godowns) and cause damage.
7.5 QRA APPROACH
Identification of hazards and likely scenarios (based on Level-1 and Level-
2 activities) calls for detailed analysis of each scenario for potential of
damage, impact area (may vary with weather conditions/wind direction)
and safety system in place. Subsequently each incident is classified
according to relative risk classifications provided in Table below asTable
7.3.
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Table 7.3 Risk Classification
Stage Description
High
(> 10-2/yr.)
A failure which could reasonably be expected to occur within
the expected life time of the plant.
Examples of high failure likelihood are process leaks or single
instrument or valve failures or a human error which could
result in releases of hazardous materials.
Moderate
(10-2 --10-4/yr)
A failure or sequence of failures which has a low probability of
occurrence within the expected lifetime of the plant.
Examples of moderate likelihood are dual instrument or valve
failures, combination of instrument failures and human errors,
or single failures of small process lines or fittings.
Low
(<10-4)
A failure or series of failures which have a very low probability
of occurrence within the expected lifetime of plant.
Examples of „low‟ likelihood are multiple instruments or valve
failures or multiple human errors, or single spontaneous
failures of tanks or process vessels.
Minor Incidents Impact limited to the local area of the event with potent for
„knock – on- events‟
Serious
Incident
One that could cause:
Any serious injury or fatality on/off site;
Property damage of $ 1 million offsite or $ 5 million onsite.
Extensive
Incident
One that is five or more times worse than a serious incident.
Assigning a relative risk to each scenario provides a means of prioritising
associated risk mitigation measures and planned actions.
7.6 THERMAL HAZARDS
In order to understand the damages produced by various scenarios, it is
appropriate to understand the physiological/physical effects of thermal
radiation intensities. The thermal radiation due to tank fire usually results
in burn on the human body. Furthermore, inanimate objects like
equipment, piping, cables, etc. may also be affected and also need to be
evaluated for damages.Table 7.4, Table 7.5andTable
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7.6(below),respectively give tolerable intensities of various objects and
desirable escape time for thermal radiation.
Thermal hazards could be from fires or explosion. Fire releases energy
slowly while explosion release energy very rapidly (typically in micro
seconds). Explosion is rapid expansion of gases resulting in rapidly moving
shock wave. Explosion can be confined (within a vessel or building) or
unconfined (due to release of flammable gases).
BLEVE (boiling liquid expanding vapour explosion) occurs if a vessel
containing a liquid at a temperature above its atmospheric boiling point
ruptures. The subsequent BLEVE is the explosive vaporisation of large
fraction of its vapour contents; possibly followed by combustion or
explosion of the vaporised cloud if it is combustible.
Thermal hazards have been considered for various scenarios including:
Fire in inflammable chemicals storage tanks.
Table 7.4:Effects due to Incident Radiation Intensity
Incident Radiation
kW/m2 Damage Type
0.7 Equivalent to Solar Radiation
1.6 No discomfort on long duration
4.0 Sufficient to cause pain within 20 sec.
Blistering of skin (first degree burn are likely).
9.5 Pain threshold reached after 8 sec. Second
degree burn after 20 sec.
12.5 Minimum energy required for piloted ignition of
wood, melting of plastic tubing etc.
25
Minimum Energy required for piloted ignition
of wood, melting, plastic tubing etc.
37.5 Sufficient to cause damage to process
equipment.
62.0 Spontaneous ignition of wood.
Table 7.5: Thermal Radiation Impact to Human
Exposure
Duration
Radiation Energy
{1% lethality; kW/m2}
Radiation
Energy for 2nd degree burns;
kW/m2
Radiation
Energy for 1st degree burns;
kW/m2
10 sec 21.2 16 12.5
30 9.3 7.0 4.0
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Table 7.6: Tolerable Intensities for Various Objects
Sl. No.
Objects Tolerable Intensities
(kw/m2)
1 Drenched Tank 38
2 Special Buildings (No window, fire proof
doors)
25
3 Normal Buildings 14
4 Vegetation 10-12
5 Escape Route 6 (up to 30 secs.)
6 Personnel in Emergencies 3 (up to 30 secs.)
7 Plastic Cables 2
8 Stationary Personnel 1.5
7.7 DAMAGE DUE TO EXPLOSION
The explosion of a dust or gas (either as a deflagration or detonation)
results in a reaction front moving outwards from the ignition source
preceded by a shock wave or pressure front. After the combustible
material is consumed the reaction front terminates but the pressure wave
continues its outward movement. Blast damage is based on the
determination of the peak overpressure resulting from the pressure wave
impacting on the object or structure. Damage estimates based on
overpressure are given in Table 7.7 below:
Table 7.7: Damage due to Overpressure
Sl.
No.
Overpressure
(psig/bar)
Damage
1. 0.04 Loud Noise / sonic boom glass failure
2. 0.15 Typical pressure for glass failure
3. 0.5 - 1 Large and small windows usually shattered
4. 0.7 Minor damage to house structure
5. 1 Partial demolition of houses, made
uninhabitable.
6. 2.3 Lower limit of serious structure damage
7. 5 - 7 Nearly complete destruction of houses
8. 9 Loaded train box wagons completely demolished.
9. 10 Probable total destruction of houses
10. 200 Limits of crater lip
In Karan case explosion probability is remote.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-13
7.8 TOXIC RELEASE
Hazardous materials handled and stored in bulk in KARAN complex are
one gas i.e. chlorine and liquids (as detailed in Table 7.2) as defined in
MSHIC rules and indicated in Table 7.1. Some of these chemicals are
stored in bulk (in tank farm).
Damage criteria: For toxic release the damage criteria considered is IDLH
concentration (if data are available). In the absence of non-availability of
IDLH, „Inhalation Toxicity (IT) data for rats‟ are considered. „IT‟ data are
used for most of the pesticides products as IDLH are not available for
these chemicals.
7.8.1 Likely Failure Scenarios
Few likely failure scenarios have been selected after critical appraisal of
raw materialsand storage inventories. Acetic Anhydride storage is small
and Hydrochloric Acid is not hazardous (HCl gas is hazardous).Failure
scenarios selected are as given in Table 7.8 below:
Table 7.8: Different Failure Scenarios
S. No. Scenario Remark
Raw materials
RM-1 Acetic acid Spillage
RM-2 Chlorine Gas Heavy Gas Leakage
RM-3 Thionyl chloride Spillage
RM-4 Sulphur Mono Chloride (SMC) Spillage
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B. QUANTITATIVE RISKASSESSMENT&CONSEQUENCE ANALYSIS
7.9 PREAMBLE
In the previous Chapter 3 we have carried out the hazards analysis of the
KARAN existing complex considering various aspects including bulk
storages of hazardous chemicals, plant process system, plant
incidents/accidents records, critical appraisal and discussion at site for soft
spots in the plant etc. Based on the hazards analysis 4 critical scenarios
have been selected for QRA and consequence analysis. QRA quantifies
vulnerable zones for a conceived incident with various levels of severity.
Consequence calculations for risk assessment are invariably in terms of
percentage of fatalities but for emergency handling, fatalities are of no
interest saving lives is the main objectives then. The injury criteria have to
be agreed in terms of thermal load or toxic concentration versus exposure
duration in the first instance.
In consequence calculation, use is made of a number of calculation models
to estimate the physical effects of an accident (spill of hazardous material)
and to predict the damage (lethality, injury, material destruction, other
property damage). The risk assessment modelling can be roughly divided
into three groups:
Determination of source strength parameters;
Determination of consequential effects;
Determination of damage or damage distances (with specific
severity rates)
7.9.1 Weather Effect
The effect of ambient conditions on the impact of fire/heat radiation and
GLC of hazardous/toxic material can be beneficial as well as harmful. A
high wind (turbulence) can dilute the toxic material while stable
environment can extend the reach of IDLH or IT (inhalation LC50 rats for
products) concentration to long distance. Any inflammable gas/vapour
release in turbulent weather will soon dilute the hazardous gases below
LEL and thus save the disaster.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-15
7.10 INCIDENTS IMPACTS
The identified failure scenarios (Table 7.8) have been analysed (Using
ALOHA) for the impact zones considering damage due to thermal and toxic
impacts. Similar impacts are considered for expansion units. Each incident
will have Impact on the surrounding environment which in extreme case
may cross plant boundary. The impact zones for various scenarios are
given in Table 7.9.
Table 7.9: HazardsScenario Impact ScenarioNo. Scenario Impact Zone
(m) Remarks
Scenario Raw Material RM-1 Acetic acid IDLH --85 Stability Class D
Figure 7.1 RM-2 Chlorine Gas IDLH -- 724
IDLH --924 Stability Class D Figure 7.2 Stability Class F Figure 7.3
RM-3 Thionyl chloride AEGL 3-- 233 Stability Class D Figure 7.4
RM-4 Sulphur Mono Chloride (SMC)
IDLH -- 850 Stability Class D Figure 7.5
Figure 7.1 Toxic Impact Zone Acetic Acid
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Figure 7.2 Toxic Impact Zone Chlorine (Stability Class D)
Figure 7.3 Toxic Impact Zone Chlorine (Stability Class F)
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Figure 7.4 Toxic Impact Zone Thionyl Chloride
Figure 7.5 Toxic Impact Zone Sulphur Mono Chloride
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7.11 CONSEQUENTIAL IMPACTS
The consequential impacts from each incident scenarios can be though
thermal, over pressure wave and toxic route. The damage can be on plant
personnel (and neighbouring residents in case incident crosses boundary),
property and also loss in production. The impact zones for some of the
hazards are shown in above figures.
7.11.1 Thermal and Explosion Hazards
Incidents involving thermal hazards are mainly due to raw material fire
(in tank farms)are none as the raw materials are not highly inflammable
or explosive.
7.11.2 Toxic Hazards
Toxic hazards are mainly due to chlorine gas tonner leakage and liquid
Chemicals heavy spillage. Toxic impacts due to Chlorine tonner leakage
and heavy SMC spillage can cross plant boundary and affect neighboring
industries. The impact due to SMC can go to 850 m i.e. it may cross plant
boundary and may reach other places in the plant depending upon wind
direction.
7.11.3 Other Hazards
The other hazards in the plant include (but not limited to):
Other toxic hazards due to acids/other toxic spillages (mainly
limited to spillage area only.).
Mechanical hazards due to machines/equipment.
Hazards due to individual soft spots like walking casually and
noticing a pit and falling or colliding/stumbling or slipping (not
noticing a wet place etc.).
7.11.4 Other Toxic Hazards
Acid spillage-its impact will be limited to spillage area. The spillage if
comes in contact with metal parts will produce hydrogen which is highly
flammable gas. Any person moving in area and getting splash will get the
injury. In addition the spillage will cause pollution problem. The spillage is
to be collected and neutralized for toxic contents before disposal.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-19
7.12 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH
KARAN will have a well-equipped first aid post. It will also have staff
personnel trained in first aid. Injured personnel will be immediately rushed
to hospital after giving first aid. All employees will have regular medical
checkup as per norms.
An emergency vehicle/ambulance will always (round the clock) available
for meeting any eventuality.
7.12.1 Treatment of workers affected by accidental spillage of
chemicals
Employees must notify their immediate supervisor of injury by spillage of
chemicals or exposure to hazardous materials. All injuries that may be
work related must be reported. Supervisor is responsible for reporting any
injuries or occupational illnesses to the management.
Following steps will be immediate taken by the Supervisor
Identify spillage/leakages of hazardous chemicals
Chemical Exposure to Skin:
Immediately flush with cool water for at least 15 minutes.If there are no
visible burns, remove the cloth from burning part of body. Seek medical
attention if aexposure/spillages occursmajor possible problems.
Chemical Exposure to Skin - Serious:
Remove all contaminated clothing.Locate the nearest emergency shower
and soak for at least 15 minutes.Have someone contact the Hospital for
immediate medical attention.
Chemicals in Eyes:
Irrigate eyes for at least 15 minutes with tempered water from emergency
eyewash station.Remove contact lenses if there is. Notify the management
and immediate medical attention.
Acid Fumes:
Anyone overcome by fumes should be removed by fresh air. Never attempt
to enter a location where potentially dangerous fumes might place you at
risk. If someone is down, contact emergency personnel and let them enter.
Self bridging apparatus is requiring to whom enter in the acidic fumes area.
Seek medical attention for exposure as soon as possible.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-20
Chemical Spills:
There is an HCl present in the chemical plant. The safe clean up of aacid
spill requires some knowledge of the properties and hazards posed by the
HCl and any added dangers posed by the location of the spill. If you believe
a spill is beyond your capacity to clean up, do not attempt to do so on your
own, immediately contact to nearest fire/emergency station. Spill kits with
instructions, absorbents, neutralizing agents if applicable, protective
equipment, and sealable waste buckets should be present in plant area.
7.13 SAFE CHLORINE STORAGE, HANDLING & TRANSPORTATION
SYSTEM
7.13.1 Characteristics of Chlorine
Chlorine gas is 2.48 times heavier than air and is greenish yellow in colour
with disagreeable, sharp, pungent and penetrating odor. It is non-
flammable but strong oxidizer and highly corrosive, very toxic to aquatic
organisms and birds. It can exist as a gas or as a liquid.
The liquid chlorine is amber colored and about 1.44 times heavier than
water. It vaporizes at standard temperature and pressure with1 liters liquid
yielding about 450 liters of gas.
• Conversion – 1 ppm = 2.89 mg/m3
• Solubility in water – 0.7%
• Vapor density – 2.48 g/liter
• Vapor pressure – 5.8 bar at 200C
• Sp. Gravity – 1.47 g/ml at 00C
• Critical Temp. – 1440C
• Critical pressure – 76.1 atm (7711 kPa)
7.13.2 Exposure Routes
The chlorine enters the body through Skin, Eyes and Inhalation.
7.13.3 Exposure Limits
OSHA PEL (TLV) - 1 ppm (2.89 mg/m3)
IDLH - 10 ppm
TWA limit - 1 ppm (For skin)
(8 hours exposure)
NIOSH-REL 0.5 PPM (1.45 mg/m3)
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(15 minutes exposure)
7.13.4 Location of storage of Chlorine Cylinder at Karan Intermediates
The Loading/Off-loading location:
Chlorine tonner will be handled by electrical hoist for the smooth and
safe handling of chlorine.
It will be above ground level
Adequately separated from traffic
As close as possible to the chlorine user or storage (minimizes length of
pipelines)
Accessible from at least two directions
Separated from other facilities and especially from potential sources of
heat
Preferably covered by a roof to protect the workers and the equipment
from snow, rain and sun
Complete with concrete flooring
Equipped with levelled rails to allow for the slow rolling of chlorine
tonner cylinders.
7.13.5 Pipe work, Valves, Accessories
The piping, valves, accessories and equipment should be located where it
cannot be subjected to a fire. The system should be protected from
mechanical damage resulting from the impact of vehicles, falling objects,
etc.
The piping systems (liquid chlorine, gaseous chlorine, vent system), should
be clearly marked with color code in order to provide for immediate
identification by the operating personnel.
The “open-close” position of the major valves should also be identified.
This feature is particularly important for pneumatic valves where the valve
position may not be easy to recognize.
7.13.6 Requirement of Safety Systems
All such installations must have written safe work procedures, but not
limited to, for the following:
Cylinder change
Leak detection & control
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Use of repair kit and container repair
Checking protocol
Respiration protocol
Self-breathing apparatus protocol
Following safety arrangements will be in place at Karan
Intermediates to meet the emergency situation:
On-site Emergency Plan-As per the Factory Act
Breathing apparatus
Emergency kit
Leak detectors
Neutralization tank
Scrubber system
Siren system
Communication system
Tagging system for equipment
First aid including tablets and cough mixtures
Training & mock drill
Safety showers & Eye fountain
Protecting hoods for ton-containers.
Fire extinguishers.
Wind cock
Placards in local language for public cautioning, first aid and list of
different authorities with phone numbers.
Personal protective equipment, viz. protective glass, clothing,
gloves, shoes, helmet, goggles etc.
Placards at strategic locations showing Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) of chlorine.
7.13.7 Storage & Handling of Chlorine Cylinders
The chlorine has a great potential for creating hazard hence there is need
to observe certain precautions for the storage, use and handling of chlorine
cylinders at site. Some of the measures that need to be observed in this
regard and covered in SOP followed at Karan Intermediates is given as
follows:
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Do not store the cylinders in exits or egress routes.
Cylinder storage area should be well ventilated.
Cylinders should not be stored in damp areas, near salt or corrosive
Chemicals, fumes, heat or where exposed to the weather.
Cylinders should be stored in an upright position.
They must be stored in such a way that cylinders are used inthe order
in which they are received.
Avoid storing cylinder longer than one year without use.
Cylinders shall be kept at least 20 ft. away from all flammable,
combustible or incompatible substances.
Cylinders should not be dragged, rolled or physically carried. A
monorail should be used to carry or transport the cylinder in the
premises.
Magnets should not be used for lifting cylinders.
The cylinders should not be painted by users.
Close valves on gas cylinders when the system is not in use.
Do not open the cylinder if the valve is corroded.
Never attempt to modify, alter or repair containers & valves.
These tasks should be carried out by the suppliers.
Remove regulator after use and flush with dry air or nitrogen.
Never attempt to apply PTFE tape or other sealing material to tight the
seal. The tightening should be achieved metal to metal else the valve
or regulator should be replaced.
Never use oil or grease on the regulator of a cylinder valve.
An operator must be given proper training to handle the cylinder.
7.13.8 Chlorine Detection and Decontamination System
Detection System
Chlorine detection and neutralization facility is essentially required at
the site where chlorine cylinders or tonners are used. This system
activates the emergency services and decontaminates the spilled
material to tackle the chemical emergency situation.
The chlorine detection should be at strategic locations in the plant
area, including at chlorine injection area, cylinders storage area,
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-24
cylinder off-load site etc., so that it can sense the odor even at 0.1
ppm (0.289 mg/m3).
Ammonia torch Test: A glass rod having cotton wrapper on one end,
dipped in liquor ammonia, gives white smoke of ammonium chloride
when comes in contact with chlorine.
Silver nitrate Test: When a glass rod, dipped in silver nitrate
solution, comes in contact with chlorine, a white precipitate is formed
at its tip.
7.13.9 Transportation of Chlorine
In India, chlorine is deemed to be an explosive and filling, possession and
transport is governed by the Gas Cylinder Rules, 2004. The packing,
labeling, handling, and transportation of chlorine gas, when contained in a
metal container in a compressed or liquefied state is governed by the Gas
Cylinder Rules, 2004.
Cylinders being trucked should be carefully checked, clamped, or otherwise
suitably supported to prevent shifting and rolling. They should not be
permitted to drop, and no object should be allowed to strike them with
force. They should not project beyond the sides or ends of the vehicles in
which they are transported.The most important chemical needing
maximum attention during transportation is the liquid chlorine.
Moreover, the weight carrying capacity of vehicles should not be over
loaded. The valve cap and valve bonnet must be in position all the time
during transportation. The valve cap controls any miner leak of the valve
and protects valve threads from external corrosion. The valve bonnet
protects the valves from getting damaged due to any impact releasing the
chlorine to the atmosphere, creating a catastrophic situation. Only single
row of container should be loaded in the trucks. The truck should open at
least on one side to approach the valves of the container in case of
emergency leakage. The tonners in the truck should be loaded in such a
manner that all the valves are on the same side where truck side can open.
The truck must be open from the top so that overhead unloading devise
can remove any container of the truck without difficulty. It becomes
imperative that the truck drivers should be properly trained to handle the
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miner leak from the valves or the gland nut. He should be advised to take
his truck to an isolated place away from the crowded when chlorine leak is
observed. The driver should inform the supplier of the goods and police to
get outside help. The TREMCARD and MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet)
should be available with him in English/Hindi and local language. It is also
very important that no other material should be loaded in the trucks
carrying the chlorine ton containers.
Leaks in Transit-If a chlorine leak develops in transit in a populated area
and if the magnitude of the leakage is minor and no emergency kits are
available, excessive quantities of lime should be used to arrest leaking
chlorine. If the leakage is extensive, it is advisable, to keep the
transporting vehicle moving until open area is reached in order to minimize
the hazards. Appropriate emergency measure, as given above, should then
be taken as quickly as possible.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-26
C. CONCLUSION & RECOMMENDATIONS
The hazard analysis and risk assessment of few possible selected incident
scenarios indicates that such incidents mostly are not limited to plant battery
limits and have impact on adjoining plants. There are possibilities of domino
effect and the secondary scenario not predictable can be worse than the
primary one. Two scenarios (specifically toxic hazards scenarios) are
crossing the KARAN plant boundaries. The direction of impact will be in down
wind direction (wind direction and speed varies with season).
Some of the recommendations for Tank farm storage system are as given
below:
Provision of flamedetectors/ thermal sensorsat strategic locations
in the tank farm area.
Auto water deluge system on each bulk storage tank for
inflammable liquids. The system should automatically start taking
signal from flame detectors or thermal relay.
Fixed foam system with adequate capacity.
Chlorine and SMC leakage/ spillage can have adverse impact in large area
and also in areas outside the KARAN battery limit. KARAN should have
provision for sucking and scrubbing Chlorine in alkali solution. In house
„capability building‟ to attend hazardous scenarios is to be taken up through
mock drills.
Real time exercise with controlled release of Chlorine
To attend the leakage in cylinder
To transfer leaky cylinder near scrubber and absorb chlorine in
alkali solution
To attend leaky cylinder with „Chlorine safety Kit‟.
Train staff in attending such scenarios.
All tanks in tank farms should be regularly inspected for any
valve/flange leakage.
Staff should be trained to attend such leakage and reclaim the
chemicals in emergency tank to the extent possible.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-27
Please note that some of the chemicals are sensitive to water and can
produce hazardous gases / heat in contact with water.
Human Factors: KARAN should have well equipped fire station and also
safety department – safety practices. Human factors role in safety cannot be
ignored. Odd hours working and over/long hours work can drain out
individual. It shows in lack of efficiency and also the lack of apt attention the
modern chemical complex demand. They are to be closely looked into and
avoided.
„Safety‟ has unique features:
a. If no accident has happened so far probability of incident/accident
occurring increases.
b. „No accident‟/good safety record develops complacency inertia/over
confidence in the team. This attitude gives rise to gaps/soft spots in
the system giving chances to incidents/accidents.
c. Safety requires novelty. Routine training practices get stale with no
positive results. Look for novel scheme of training/ safety practices to
build up fresh impetus in safety. Involvement of employees with
refreshed outlook for safety is to be achieved.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-28
7.14 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN
M/s. KARAN Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. proposed project is coming under
MAH category as per MSIHC Rules 1989 due to Chlorine Storage Karan
has to prepare Disaster Management Plan and submit it to Statutory
Authorities for approval. Karan also carries out mock drills for critical
incidents to train staff and strengthen the weak links. A sample DMP is
given below for preparing the final DMP.
Disaster/ Emergency Management Plan is essential for a chemical plant as
the processes adopted for manufacturing are classified under Factory Act
as Hazardous due to handling and storage of toxic, flammable and
explosive hazardous materials. Over the years, the chemical process plant
has created adequate infrastructure and adopted risk mitigation measures
to tackle any emergency that may arise during the manufacturing process.
The important aspect in emergency planning is to control an emergency
by technical and organizational means, minimize accidents and
consequent losses. Emergency planning also brings to light deficiencies,
such as, lack of resources necessary for effective emergency response. It
also demonstrates the organization's commitment to safety of employees
and physical property as well as increases the awareness among
management and employees.
Disaster Management Plan for the plant is necessarily a combination of
various actions which are to be taken in a very short time but in a pre-set
sequence to deal effectively and efficiently with any disaster, emergency
or major accident with an aim to keep the loss of men, material,
plant/machinery etc. to the minimum.
A major emergency in a chemical plant is one, which has the potential to
cause serious injury. It may cause extensive damage to property and
serious disruption of both inside and outside the plant. Sometimes, it
would require the assistance of outside emergency services to handle it
effectively. Although the emergency at the plant may be caused by a
number of different factors, e.g. leakage of toxic and flammable materials
from piping/tanks, total/partial power failure, earthquake or sabotage, it
will normally manifest itself in fire/toxic release.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-29
Primarily, DMP is prepared to furnish details which may require at the time
of the emergency, to delegate responsibility, to estimate the
consequences in advance and to prepare ourselves to control any type of
emergency. The plan explains basic requirements as follows:
Definition,
Objectives,
Organization set up,
Communication System,
Action on site,
Link with Off-site Emergency Plan,
Training rehearsal and record aspect.
7.14.1 Definitions
Various definitions on different analogy used on On-site & Off-site
Emergency Plan are as follows:
Accident:An accident may be defined as “an undesirable and unplanned
event with or without or major damage consequence of life and /or
property.
Major Accident:It is a sudden, unexpected, unplanned event resulting
from uncontrolled developments during an industrial activity, which causes
or has the potential to cause, death or hospitalization to a number of
people, damage to environment, evacuation of local population or any
combination of above effects.
Emergency: This can be defined as any situation, which presents a threat
to safety of person's or/and property. It may require outside help also.
Major Emergency: Occurring at a work is one that may affect several
departments within and/or may cause serious injuries, loss of life,
extensive damage to properly or serious disruption outside the works. It
will require the use of outside resources to handle it effectively.
Disaster: Disaster is a sudden calamitous event, bringing great damage,
loss or destruction.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-30
Hazards: Hazard may be defined as “the potential of an accident”. Hazard
exists in man and the system of materials and machines.
Chemical Hazards: It is a hazard due to chemical(s) (including its
storage, process, handling, etc.) and it is realized by fire, explosion,
toxicity, corrosively, radiation, etc.
Risk: Risk may be defined as the combination of consequence and
probability or likelihood of an accident being caused in a given man-
material – machine system.
On-Site Emergency plan: It deals with measures to prevent and control
emergencies within the factory and not affecting outside public or
environment.
Off-Site Emergency plan: It deals with measures to prevent and control
emergencies affecting public and the environment outside the premises.
7.14.2 Objective of the Disaster Management Plan
The primary purpose of this Disaster Management Plan is to equip the
Plant with required resources and information for prompt implementation
of the set of actions to be undertaken in the event of an accident posing
hazards to the people and community after commissioning of the plant.
The objective of Disaster Management Plan (DMP), for the plant is to be in
a state of perceptual readiness through training, development and mock
drills, to immediately control and arrest any emergency situation so as to
avert a full fledge disaster and the consequence of human and property
damage and in the event of a disaster still occurring, to manage the same
to that the risk of the damage consequences to life and property are
minimized and thereafter, proper rehabilitation, review and revisions of
the DMP to overcome the shortcomings noticed are undertaken.
The DMP document is prepared keeping in view and to conform the
requirements of the provisions of The Factories Act 1948 under section 41
B (4), Guidelines issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt.
of India and Manufacture, Import and Storage of Hazardous Chemicals
Rules, 1989 amended in 2000, Schedule 11 under Environmental
Protection Act 1986.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-31
Following are the main objectives of the plan to:
Defined and assess emergencies, including hazards and risk
Control and contain incidents.
Safeguard employees and people in vicinity.
Minimize damage to property and/or the environment.
Minimization of risk and impact of event accident.
Preparation of action plan to handle disasters and to contain
damage.
Inform employees, the general public and the authority about the
hazards/risk assessed and to provide safeguard, and the role to be
played by them in the event of emergency.
Be ready for 'mutual aid' if need arises to help neighbouring unit.
Inform authorities and mutual aid centres to come for help.
Effect rescue and treatment of casualties.
Effective rehabilitation of the affected persons and prevention of
damage to the property.
Identify and list any fatalities.
Inform and help relatives.
Secure the safe rehabilitation of affected areas and to restore
normalcy.
Provide authoritative information to the news media.
7.15 EMERGENCY ORGANIZATION
7.15.1 Incident Controller
Incident Controller‟s role will be to control the emergency at the incident
site.
7.15.1.1 Duties of Incident Controller
Incident Controller will proceed to the place of emergency after hearing
siren/announcement. He will:
Assess the scale of emergency and decide if a major emergency
exists or is likely, accordingly activate emergency procedure.
Immediately give his feedback to Emergency Control Centre (ECC)
regarding emergency.
Direct all operations within the area with following priorities.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-32
Secure the safety of personnel
Minimize damage to plant property and environment.
Minimize loss of material.
Direct rescue and fire fighting operations till the arrival of the
outside Fire Brigade; he will relinquish control to Sr. Officer of Fire
Brigade.
Ensure that the affected area is searched for causalities.
Ensure that all non-essential workers in the affected area evacuate
to the appropriate assembly point.
Set up communication point to establish
Radio/Telephone/Messenger contact as with emergency control
centre.
Pending arrival of works site controller, assume the duties of the
post in particular to:
Direct the shutting down and evacuation of plant and areas
likely to be threatened by emergency.
Ensure that the outside emergency services have been called
in.
Ensure that the key personnel have been called in.
Report all significant development to the Site Main Controller.
Provide advice and information, as required to the Senior Officer of
the Fire Brigade.
Preserve evidence that would facilitate any subsequent inquiry into
the cause and circumstances of emergency.
Dy. Incident Controller will carry out above said duties in absence of
Incident Controller.
7.15.2 Site Main Controller
Site Main Controller will be overall in-charge of emergency organization:
7.15.2.1 Duties of Site Main Controller
Relieve the Incident Controller of responsibility of overall main
control.
Co-ordinate ECC or if required, security for raising evacuation siren
and also all clear siren, in case emergency is over.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-33
Declaration of major emergency ensures that outside emergency
services will be called and when required nearby firms will be
informed.
Ensure that key personnel will be called in.
Exercise direct operational control on parts of the works outside the
affected area.
Maintain a speculative continuous review of possible development
and assess these to determine most possible cause of events.
Direct the shutting down and evacuation of plants in consultation
with key personnel.
Ensure causalities are receiving adequate attention; arrange for
additional help if required. Ensure relatives are advised.
Liaison with Chief Officers of the Fire and Police services for
providing assistance in tackling the emergency.
Ensure the accounting of personnel.
Control traffic movement within the work.
Arrange for a chronological record of the emergency to be
maintained.
During prolonged emergency, arrange for the relief of the personnel
and provision of catering facilities.
Contact the local office to receive early notification of impending
changes in weather conditions, in case of prolonged emergency.
Issue authorized statements to the news media and informs H.O.
Ensure that proper consideration is given to the preservation of
evidence.
Control rehabilitation of affected areas after control of the
emergency.
7.15.3 Other Key Personnel
The key personnel required for taking decision about further action for
shutting down the plant, evacuate the personnel and carry out emergency
engineering works in consultation with Site Main Controller in light of the
information received.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-34
HOD‟s /Senior Managers/ Section Heads will be responsible for safety,
security, fire, gas and pollution control, spillage control, communication
system including telephone, wireless etc. Also medical services, transport,
engineering, production, technical services, will form part of advising
team.
7.15.3.1 Emergency Response Team
The role of Emergency Response Team members is to actually combat the
emergency at the site and control the emergency situation and carry out
rescue operations.
All team members will be thoroughly trained to deal with fires,
explosions, chemical spills and atmospheric releases, first aid. As per
priority list during emergency, the activities will be carried out as per
emergency control plan.
7.15.3.2 Emergency Personnel’s responsibilities Outside
NormalWorking Hours of the Factory
The duties of Shift In-charge &team membershave been brought out in
emergency control plan. All team membersafter evacuating the area
shall report to ECC/ Incident Place. The non-essential workers shall be
evacuated from the plants if need arises and this will be determined with
the forcible rate with which incident may escalate. Non-essential workers
shall assemble at the earmarked/specified point of assembly.
7.15.3.3 Assembly Points
At the proposed plan, at least 2 assembly points will be identified and
marked properly.
7.15.4 Emergency Control Centre
It will be headed by Site Main Controller, HOD – PD, HOD- P&A and it is
sited in Office of Site Main Controller in Admin Building & New
security office (after office hours), which is readily accessible & with
minimum risk, equipped with telephone facilities and other
announcements extra communications facilities needed. It has enough
means to receive and transmit information and directions from site main
controller to incident controller and other areas. In emergency control
center due to its safer location and advantage of easier accessibility, all
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-35
necessary personnel protective equipment‟s firefighting extinguishers will
be stocked in sufficient quantity.
7.15.4.1 Role of Emergency Control Centre
In case of mishap or accident like fire, toxic gas leakage, explosion in the
factory, The Emergency Control Center will be Office of Head- Operations.
The plot plan indicating all the activities in the factory premises
including that of storage‟s utility services, production area,
administration, will be kept for ready reference, showing the
location of fire hydrant and fire fighting aids.
Normal roll of employees, work permits, gate entries and
documents for head count, employees blood group, other
information and addresses will be available and the person, who will
handle this operation will HOD P & A.
Stationery required is available in the Control Centre (ECC) and
HOD (P & A) looks after it.
The requirement of personnel protective equipment and other
material, like torches, have been worked out and the quantity
required during emergency will be kept in the Control Room (ECC).
The responsible person for maintaining the said
requirement/inventory will be HOD- HSE.
7.15.5 Fire & Toxicity Control Arrangements
The plant will be well equipped with suitable numbers of firefighting and
personnel protective equipment. The staff will be trained regularly to
handle the various emergency situations.
7.15.6 Medical Arrangements
Availability of first aid facilities in sufficient quantity will be always
ensured. In case of emergency arrangements will be made to avail
outside medical help immediately. Emergency transport facility will be
available.
7.15.7 Transport & Evacuation, Mutual Aid Arrangements
Transport & Evacuation and Mutual Aid arrangements will be available in
the factory.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-36
7.16 COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
7.16.1 Declaring the Emergency
In case of any emergency in the plant, speedy and effective
communication of the same to all concerned in least possible time is the
most important aspect of any emergency-handling plan. An early
communication increases the chances of control of emergency in the bud
stage. Blowing siren will be adopted as method of communication of
emergency, to all employees in the plant.
7.16.1.1 Types of Sirens
Three different types of sirens have been identified for communication of
emergency.
Alert Siren:Single Continuous Siren for One Minute. This indicates
that there is some accidental happening in the plant. All have to become
alert. Incident controller will be rush to the site of emergency. Plant area
people have to start safe shut down. Rescue team and other emergency
control teams have to reach at the site of emergency.
Siren for evacuation: Wailing & waning siren for three minutes.
This siren indicates that emergency is of serious proportion and
everybody has to leave his work place. All people having their role in
emergency control have to assume their assigned role. All non-essential
workers have to proceed immediately to assembly area and wait for
further instruction.
All clear siren:Long continuous siren for two minutes. This is a sign
of return of normalcy. On hearing this siren everybody should go back to
his or her respective workplace.
7.16.1.2 Location of Siren
Siren will be located in center of the pant for wide coverage of the whole
campus. Switch for siren will be provided at security gate. The switch at
Security gate should be operated only as a general rule.
Emergency manual call bell will be installed which will be used in case of
total failure of electricity. It is responsibility of HOD (HSE) to maintain the
upkeep of electric call bell and HOD- Security and administration to
maintain manual and Hand operated siren.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-37
7.16.1.3 Raising Alarm
Any person noticing any emergency situation in the plant should
immediately call security gate with following information:
Identify oneself
State briefly the type of emergency i.e. whether fire, explosion,
toxic gas release etc.
Give the location of the incident
Estimated severity of the incident.
Security personnel after ensuring genuineness of the call shall raise the
ALERT SIREN. At the same time he will also contact the incident controller
and ECC in order and inform about the incident. He will keep the gate
open and rush his two security personnel at the site of emergency.
ECC will be located at the office of Head- Operations on normal working
hours and at Security gate after normal working hours (during night).
ECC shall be immediately manned on hearing alert siren. If the authorized
people to handle ECC are not available, any senior most people out of the
available person nearby shall occupy ECC till authorized person comes.
Incident controller, on hearing alert siren or by any other way of
information of the emergency, will immediately reach at the site of
incident and assess the situation. He will immediately give his feed back
to ECC. ECC shall direct security gate to raise evacuation siren, if the
need arise.
SIREN FOR EVACUATION shall be raised on instruction from Site Main
Controller or any Manager of the plant in the ECC.
Security gate person will be authorized to raise ALL CLEAR SIREN on
instruction from Site Main Controller or ECC, after the emergency is over.
Incident controller shall assume the responsibility of site main controller
in his absence.
7.16.2 Internal Communication
It shall be responsibility of ECC to communicate to all employees in the
plant. They may take help of telephone operator for such communication.
However, telephone operator can directly communicate information about
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-38
emergency to all internal departments, if such message comes from
incident controller or site main controller. Telephone operator will
continue to operate the switchboard advising the callers that staffs are
not available and pass all calls connected with the incident to ECC.
7.16.2.1 Availability of Key Personnel outside Normal Working Hours
The details of key personnel availability after working hours will be made
available at Security Gate, ECC, telephone operator as well as production
units. Security personnel shall call required key personnel from their
residence in case emergency occurs outside normal working hours.
Availability of emergency vehicle/Ambulance will be ensured to fetch the
key personnel residing outside. It will be the responsibility of HOD (P & A)
to maintain it.
7.16.2.2 To the Outside Emergency Services
Decision to call outside help to deal with emergency like fire brigade,
ambulance, police, etc., shall be taken by Site Main Controller. However,
in absence of Site Main Controller, if the incident controller realizes the
situation going out of control, he may ask for immediate help from
outside. ECC will be responsible for calling help from outside. A list of
emergency services available in the area with their telephone numbers
will be provided at ECC, at Security gate and with telephone operator.
Facilities such as phones, emergency vehicle, and security personnel will
be available to help calling outside emergency services and authorities.
7.16.3 Communication to the Authorities
The emergency will be immediately communicated to the government
officers and other authorities such as RSPCB, police, district emergency
authority, Factory Inspectorate, hospital etc. by Emergency Control
Centre.
7.16.3.1 To Neighbouring Firms & the General Public
In case of emergency having its outside impact, public will be cautioned
regarding the same. Co-ordination of police will be sought for speedy
action. This is to be ensured by ECC.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-39
7.17 PRE-EMERGENCY ACTIVITIES
Internal Safety survey with regard to identification of hazards, availability
of protective equipment‟s, checking for proper installation of safety
devices will be carried out periodically.
Periodic pressure testing of equipment
Periodic pressure testing of lines.
Periodic safety/relief valve testing
Periodic fire hydrant system testing.
Mock drill to check up level of confidence, extent of
preparedness of personnel to face emergency is being
contemplated.
Regular training is being imparted to all personnel to create
awareness.
Adequate safety equipment will be made available.
Periodic check-up of emergency lights.
Safer assembly points will be identified.
Storage of adequate first aid treatment facilities.
Statutory information is imparted to workers.
Post emergency activities:
Following post emergency actions will be carried out to study in detail and
preventive measures to be taken.
Collection of records.
Inquiries
Insurance claims
Preparation of reports comprising suggestion and modification.
Rehabilitation of affected personnel.
Normalization of plant.
7.17.1 Evacuation and Transportation
In case of emergency, evacuation and transportation of non-essential
workers will be carried out immediately. The affected personnel will be
transported for medical aid.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-40
7.17.2 Safe Close Down
During emergency plant shut down will be carried out if situation
warrants. This will be as per the instruction of site main controller under
guidance of incident controller.
7.17.3 Use of Mutual Aid
Mutual aid agreement with nearby industries will be ensures to provide
help to each other in the emergency,
7.17.4 Use of External Authorities
As and when necessary, statutory authorities, police, pollution control
personnel, medical aid/ center, ambulance etc. will be contacted.
7.17.5 Medical Treatment
The affected personnel will be brought to safer place immediately to give
them first aid. Immediate medical attention will be sought.
7.17.6 Accounting for Personnel
Proper accounting for personnel will be laid down in all the shifts. The
number of persons present inside the plant premises, their duty etc. will
be available with the P & A. This record will be regularly updated and will
be made available.
7.17.7 Access to Records
The relatives of affected personnel will be informed. The details regarding
all employees will be made available to Administration building.
7.17.8 Public Relations
In case of emergency, Manager P & A will be available for official release
of information pertaining to the incident.
7.17.9 Rehabilitation
The affected area will be cleared from emergency activities only after
positive ascertaining of the system in all respects. The entry to affected
area will have to be restricted until statutory authorities visit and inspect
the spot of incident. Nothing should be disturbed from the area till their
clearance. The site main controller will be in charge of the activities to be
undertaken.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-41
The plan will cover emergencies, which can be brought under control by
the works with the help of emergency team/fire services. The DISASTER
CONTROL PLAN for gas leak and fire will be prepared for entire factory.
7.18 CAUSES OF EMERGENCY:
7.18.1 Risk
7.18.1.1 Nature
In the plant, the nature of dangerous events could be of the following:
FIRE : Chemical/Electrical
TOXIC RELEASE : From chemicals & Chlorine gas.
LEAKAGES : Equipment, pipe lines, valves, etc.
Release of vapors like Pyridine or chlorine gas or hexane can result in
highly toxic environment or in fire or explosion.
Improper handling of products (raw materials/finished products)
Large spillage to ground floors resulting in pollution & fire.
Failures of Equipment/Instruments.
Release of safety valves or ruptures of vessels due to excessive
pressures.
7.18.1.2 Various Emergency Actions
a. Onsite
Safe shut down of the plant and utilities.
Emergency control measures.
To attempt with the help of trained crew in fire fighting to contain
the fire spread up/gas emission and limit within limited space.
To cut off source of oxygen by use of fire fighting appliances/to
cut off source of gas emission.
Cut off fall sources of ignition like electrical gadgets.
To protect fire prone area from the fire.
To remove material which can catch fire to the extent possible
from fire prone area.
Evacuation of non-essential persons.
b. Medical Facilities/Treatment
The Plant will have a Health centre which is manned with trained
male nurse on continuous basis who can render medical first aid.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-42
Doctor will visit two times a week for two hour each time. The
Plant is searching for a full time medical officer and will appoint as
and when available.
Depending on seriousness the injured person shall be shifted to
any other hospital.
Vehicle will be available round the clock for transportation.
Ambulance will be also made available in the campus on regular
basis.
c. In the event of Fatal Accidents
The information shall be given to following authorities:
Inspector of Police
Inspector of Factories
Mamlatdar
Corporate Office
Regd. Office
Insurance the plant
Regional Officer, HSPCB
d. Emergency Siren
Emergency siren shall be blown for announcing the emergency which
shall have different sound for identification/differentiation than the
normally used for commencement of factory working etc.
Location of Siren Above Plant
Type of Siren Industrial Siren
Position of siren switch Located at Main Gate
e. Seeking Help From Neighbouring Industries/Sources For Fire Engine
f. Advise for vacation of other areas
Since the effect of fire/gas emission shall be contained within the area
of the plant advice of vacation of other areas is not necessary.
7.18.1.3 Response Time-Minutes
Hazard Fire Fighting Police Medical Services
Fire & Explosion
Immediate with whatever facilities
available with the plant
10 minutes
10 minutes
External Help within 15
minutes
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-43
7.19 OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN
7.19.1 Need of the Site Emergency Plan
Depending upon the wind direction and velocity of the effects of
accident in factory may spread to outside its premises. To avert major
disaster it is essential to seek guidance/assistance of statutory
authorities, police and health department. The movement of traffic may
have to be restricted.
Required information will be given to the authority and consultation will
be sought for remedial measures.
A purpose of the off-site emergency plan is:
To provide the local/district authorities, police, fire, brigade,
doctors, surrounding industries and public the basic information of
risk and environmental impact assessment and appraise them of
the consequences and the protection/prevention measures and to
seek their help to communicate with public in case of major
emergency.
To assist district authorities for preparing the off-site emergency
plan for district or particular area and to organize rehearsals from
time to time and initiate corrective actions on experience.
7.19.2 Structure of the Off-Site Emergency Plan
Available with concerned authorities.
7.19.3 Role of the Factory Management
The site main controller will provide a copy of action plan to the
statutory authorities in order to facilitate preparedness of district/area
off-site emergency plan.
7.19.4 Role of Emergency Co-ordination Office (ECO)
He will be a senior police or fire officer co-ordination with site main
controller. He will utilize emergency control center.
7.19.5 Role of Local Authority
Preparation of Off Site Plan lies with local authorities. An emergency-
planning officer (EPO) works to obtain relevant information for
preparing basis for the plan and ensures that all those organization
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-44
involved in offsite emergency and to know their role and
responsibilities.
7.19.6 Role of Fire Authorities
The fire authorities will take over the site responsibility from incident
controller after arrival. They will be familiarized with site of flammable
materials, water and foam applies points, firefighting equipment.
7.19.7 Role of the Police and Evacuation Authorities
Senior Police Officer designed, as emergency co-ordination officer shall
take over all control of an emergency. The duties include protection of
life, property and control of traffic movement.
Their functions include controlling standards, evacuating public and
identifying dead and dealing with casualties and informing relatives of
dead or injured.There may be separate authorities/agencies to carry
out evacuation and transportation work.Evacuation depends upon the
nature of accident, in case of fire only neighboring localities shall be
alerted. Whole areas have to be evacuated in case of toxic release.
7.19.8 Role of Health Authorities
After assessing the extent of effect caused to a person the health
authorities will treat them.
7.19.9 Role of Mutual Aid Agencies
Various types of mutual aid available from the surrounding factories
and other agencies will be utilized.
7.19.10 Role of Factory Inspectorate
In the event of an accident, the Factory Inspector will assist the District
Emergency Authority for information and helping in getting Neighboring
Industries/mutual aid from surrounding factories.
In the aftermath, Factory Inspector may wish to ensure that the
affected areas are rehabilitated safely.
7.20 Training Rehearsal and Records
7.20.1 Need of Rehearsal & Training
Regular training and rehearsal program of emergency procedures shall
be conducted with elaborate discussions and testing of action plan with
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-45
mock drill. If necessary, the co-operation/guidance of outside agencies
will be sought.
7.20.2 Some Check Points
The extent of realistic nature of incidents.
Adequate assessment of consequences of various incidents.
Availability of sufficient resources such as water, fire-fighting aids,
personnel.
The assessment of time scales.
Logical sequences of actions.
The involvement of key personnel in the preparation of plan.
At least 24 hour‟s covers to take account of absences due to
sickness and holiday, minimum shift manning.
Satisfactory co-operation with local emergency services and
district or regional emergency planning offices.
Adequacy of Site.
7.20.3 Records and Updating the Plan
All records of various on-site and off-site emergency plans of the factory
will be useful alone with those of the factors by which statutory
authorities draw a detailed plan for the whole area/district. The records
of the activity will be updated regularly.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-46
Social Impact Assessment:
No any negative Social Impact envisaged from the proposed project
activities. In fact Positive Social impact was prevail during the study of
Sociological data because, necessity for unskilled and skilled person will
increase for proposed activities and unit will accord opportunity first prior
to the local people.
There will be no R & R due to proposed activities.
Public Consultation:
The public hearing was held on 14.10.2015 on the basis of the draft
EIA/EMP incorporating the Terms of References. Report is finalized after
incorporating the comments and suggestions by the public during pubic
consultation is given below. Final EIA/EMP will be submitted to MoEF&CC
for Environmental Clearance.
Table 7.10 Points raised during Pubic Hearing
Sr.
No.
Name and
Address
Point Represented Reply from the Project
Proponent
1 Shri Jayantibhai
Jethabhai Patel,
Sokhda
Industrial
Association,
Ta: Khambhat,
Dist: Anand.
He stated that looking to
the products and the
presentation made by M/s
Karan Intermediates Ltd.,
it seems that there will be
no waste water discharge
and hence no water
pollution from the unit.
He further said that there
would be some air pollution
for which they have
proposed air pollution
control measures.
He added that he hoped
that the industry would run
their air pollution control
measures such that the air
emission does not cause
any problems to the
farmers and their land. He
then welcomed the project
to the Sokhda area.
--
When there were no forthcoming questions from the audience, the Additional District
Collector, explained the project in brief once again to the people and encouraged them
to raise questions. He also stated that this industry was going to invest Rs. One Crore
towards EMS facilities and so the people could ask questions regarding where it was
going to be utilized. He also said that generally problems arose after an industry came
up and they had an opportunity to pose questions before the industry came up and
hence they should do so.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 7-47
He then asked the project proponent, whether there were other similar projects in the
region. The representative of the industry replied that yes, there were around four
projects in the region manufacturing the same products but through a different route.
Sr.
No.
Name and
Address
Point Represented Reply from the Project
Proponent
2. Ms. Shweta
Thakkar,
Student of
Environmental
Planning, CEPT
University,
Ahmedabad
She asked where would the
waste water be
discharged?
She then asked when the
industry was going to
release HCl, Cl2 etc. into
the atmosphere, why was
ambient air quality
monitoring carried out only
for four parameters of
PM10, PM2.5, SOx and NOx?
She further asked the
depth of water table in the
area.
She then finally asked the
quantity of surface water
and underground water,
which was going to be
used.
The representative of the project
proponent replied that only 8.5
KLD of the treated waste water
would be reused, the rest of the
water used in scrubbers would be
finally sold as by products.
He replied that although only
these four parameters were
shown in the presentation, HCl,
Cl2 and VOCs have also been
measured, which has been given
in the EIA Report.
He replied that water was found
at around 30-35 mtrs and was
also a little saline.
He replied that only ground
water was going to be used for
water consumption in the
project.
3. Shri
Pinakinbhai
Bhrahmbhatt,
Ex-President
Khambhat
Municipality
Ta: Khambhat
Dist: Anand
He stated that the people
of the area wanted
industries to come up so
that employment was
generated.
He added that the
authorities would surely
look at the EMS measures
before granting EC to the
project. He further stated
that, he & all the people of
the area welcomed
projects that followed all
the Environmental laws.
--
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 8-1
Chapter-8
Project Benefits
8.1 INTRODUCTION
Project benefit focus on those points which will become beneficial to the
surrounding area or community in terms of infrastructural development,
Social development, employment and other tangible benefits due to
project. Proposed project has a potential for employment of skilled, semi-
skilled and unskilled employees during construction phase as well as
operational phase.
8.2 PHYSICAL INFRASTRUCTURE INCLUDING TECHNICAL FACILITY
ASPECTS:
It includes infrastructural & technological facilities of the project,
necessary for the operation. Unit proposes to start chlorinated organic
compounds manufacturing activities at Survey No. 455 & 456, Village:
Neja, Taluka: Khambhat, Dist.: Anand. Unit will use modernized
technologies and infrastructural facilities. So that, nearby public or
workers will become aware to new technology launched or running in the
present market and thereby it will also helpful in increasing knowledge of
employ and surrounding people.
Following will be other improvements in the physical infrastructure:
Adoption of new technology
Awareness in local educated people for new technology
Improvement in local amenities facilities
Improvement in road link facilities as transportation through truck
and other vehicles will increased due to proposed project
Improvement in local civilization
Increase income of local population
Increase requirement of man power
8.3 IMPROVEMENT IN SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE:
Due to proposed project activity, social infrastructure will improve by
means of civilization, vocational training and basic amenities.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 8-2
Civilization: Due to the project, employment and other infrastructural
facilities will boost up income of surrounding people and improve quality
of life. This will indirectly boost up the civilization of the surrounding
people.
Vocational Training: Moreover, unit will provide vocational training
opportunity to the surrounding people and greed for employment will
motivate the education activities that will lead the change in life style of
the surrounding and affected people hence social infrastructure will be
improved.
Basic Amenities: Better education facilities, proper healthcare, road
infrastructure and drinking water facilities are basic social amenities for
better living standard of any human being which will further increase the
above amenities directly/indirectly either by providing or by improving
the facilities in the area, which will help in uplifting the living standards of
local communities.
8.4 EMPLOYMENT POTENTIAL
Infrastructure will get improved and enhance the employment
opportunity for both skilled and unskilled person from nearby area. Direct
employment as well as indirect employment due to ancillary services will
be given to the local people. Therefore, the socio-economic status of the
local people will be improved. The details of employment opportunity
during Construction and Operation phase are discussed underneath:
Increase employment opportunity at Construction phase:
In the construction phase, direct and indirect manpower will be involved.
Thus temporary and permanent employment will be generated during
construction phase. Unit will require around 15-20 workers during the
construction phase. Moreover, unit will provide first priority to local
workers for the employment.
Increase employment opportunity at Operation phase:
During the operation phase of project, total 60 nos. of skilled and
unskilled manpower will require for routine operation of the project.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 9-1
Chapter-9
Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis
9.0 ENVIRONMENTAL COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS
As per EIA Notification 2006, this Chapter of the ‘Environmental Cost
Benefit Analysis’ is applicable only if it is recommended at the Scoping
stage. However, as per the ToR points issued by MoEF, New Delhi vide
File No. J-11011/91/2015-IA II (I) & ToR Letter dated 3rd July, 2015,
2014, the Environmental Cost Benefit Analysis is not applicable and hence
has not been prepared.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-1
Chapter-10
Environment Management Plan
10.1 INTRODUCTION
An Environment Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared to minimize
negative impacts and is formed on the basis of prevailing environmental
conditions and likely impacts of this project on various environmental
parameters. This plan will also facilitate monitoring of environmental
parameters.
Assessment of environmental and social impacts arising due to
implementation of the proposed project activities is the technical heart of
EIA process. An equally essential element of this process is to develop
measures to eliminate, offset or reduce impacts to acceptable levels
during implementation and operation of projects. The integration of such
measures into project implementation and operation is supported by
clearly defining the environmental requirements within an Environmental
Management Plan (EMP). EMP includes scheme for proper and scientific
treatment and disposal mechanism for air, liquid and solid hazardous
pollutant, apart from this, greenbelt development, safety aspects of the
workers; noise control CSR activities etc. are also included in it.
From the previous chapter, it can be said that the proposed project has
significantly less pollution potential. For abatement of environmental
pollution, the unit would adopt several measures, which are summarized
in this chapter.
10.2 OBJECTIVE OF ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN
The objective of the Environmental Management Plan is summarized
hereunder,
To limit/reduce the degree, extent, magnitude or duration of adverse
impacts.
To treat all the pollutants i.e. liquid effluent, air emissions and
hazardous waste with adoption of adequate and efficient technology.
To comply with the stipulated enviro-legal requirements & standards.
To create good working conditions.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-2
To reduce any risk hazards and design the disaster management
plan.
Continuous development and search for innovative technologies for a
cleaner and better environment.
To account for recycling and reusing measures, proposed or required
to be adopted for minimization of consumption of resources and
generation of pollutants.
10.3 COMPONENTS OF EMP
EMP for the proposed project covers following aspects:
Description of mitigation measures for operation phase only
Description of monitoring program
Institutional arrangements
Implementation schedule and reporting procedures
All above aspects and objectives are kept in the view and considering the
same EMP is prepared for two major fields,
10.3.1 Environmental Management systems
Unit is well aware of environmental requirements for planning and
implementation of the project and set up a department with trained
personnel headed under the qualified environmental manager. As
indicated in the impact and mitigation chapter of this report, the
environmental impact due to the proposed activity is very marginal
release of pollutants.
10.3.2 Environmental, Health and Safety (EHS) Management System
Chemical Industries prefer an integrated approach and make
environmental management a part of overall Environment, Health and
Safety (EHS) Management system.
This model EHS system suggests and addresses EMS issues such as:
- Management system expectation
- Management leadership, responsibilities and accountability
- Risk assessment and management
- Compliance and other requirements
- Personnel, training and contractor services
- Documentation and communications
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-3
- Facilities design and construction
- Operation, maintenance and management
- Community awareness and emergency response
- EHS performance monitoring and measurement
- Incident investigation reporting and analysis
- EHS management system audit
- Management review and audit
10.3.3 Environmental Management Cell
Unit will set up separate Environmental Management Cell and assigned
responsibilities to officers from various disciplines to co-ordinate the
activities concerned with management and implementation of
environment control measures. Basically, this department keep a close
watch on the performance of the pollution control equipments, emissions
from the sources and the quality of surrounding environment in
accordance with the monitoring programme either departmentally or
appointing external agency whenever necessary.
The cell will also include the safety cell for observing, inspecting and
regulating the safety measures inside the plant campus. The cell will be
responsible for maintaining records of all the data, documents and
information in line with the statutory requirements. The setup of the
Environmental Management Cell is shown in Figure-10.1.
10.4 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Unit through its head project contractor will provide the necessary
infrastructural facilities to the labour. The following factors would be
given consideration to maintain good environmental quality during
construction phase:
This is a proposed unit; hence excavation work will be carried out as per
requirement. There will also be installation of new machineries and
equipments that ultimately lead adverse impact on environment. But it
will be temporary in nature. Installation work shall generate noise and
dust but it will within working areas. Therefore, measures will need to be
taken to protect workers.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-4
To mitigate the adverse environment impact due to the construction
phase, following measures will be taken:
Regular sprinkling of the water will be recommended along with the
construction activities.
Regular preventing maintenance of machinery and transportation of
vehicles during construction to reduce noise pollution.
Provision of silencer, to modulate the noise generated by the machine,
if required.
Reduce the exposure time of workers to the higher noise level by job
rotation.
To protect workers working in noisy area, personal protective
equipments like earmuffs/earplugs will be provided.
The domestic sewage generated during the construction activity will be
routed to soak pit followed by septic tank.
Tree plantation will be proposed periphery of plant premises and along
the roads.
Water Environment
During construction phase, provision for infra-structural services including
water supply, sewage, drainage facilities and electrification will be made.
The construction site would be provided with suitable toilet facilities for
the workers to allow proper standards of hygiene. These facilities would
be connected to a septic tank and maintained to ensure minimum impact
on the environment.
Safety and Health during Construction Phase
Adequate space will be provided for construction of temporary sheds for
construction workers mobilized by the contractors. Unit will also supply
potable water for the construction workers. The safety department will
supervise the safe working of the contractor and their employees. Work
spots will be maintained clean, provided with optimum lighting and
enough ventilation to eliminate dust/fumes.
Socio-economic Environment
Management will give preference to local people through both direct and
indirect employment.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-5
10.5 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT DURING THE OPERATIONAL
PHASE
EMP proposed for implementation is detailed under the following heads:
Air Pollution Control
Wastewater Management
Solid/Hazardous Waste Management
Noise Management
Greenbelt Development
Occupational Safety and Health
Implementation of EMP and monitoring programme
10.5.1 Air Pollution Management
A) Source of air pollution and control measures:
There will be mainly two type of point sources for air emissions i.e. Flue
gas emission & process gas emission.
Flue gas emission will be from common stack of Boiler & thermic fluid
heater and stand by D. G. Set.
Process emission will be from two stacks attached to reaction vessels of
MCA and CAC and TCAC.
Bio-fuel (Briquette) will be used as fuel for boiler and TFH. Most probable
emitted pollutants from flue gas stacks will be SPM, SO2 and NOx and
process pollutants will be HCl, Chlorine and SO2. Cyclone & Bag filter will
be provided as APCM to flue gas stack and 3 Stage water scrubber
followed by alkali scrubber will be provided to control of Air Emission emit
from process. Adequate height of chimney will be provided to all the
stacks for proper atmospheric dispersion.
Unit is also proposed to install D.G. set of 200 kVA capacity to fulfill
power requirement in case of non-availability of power/emergency, where
HSD will be used as a fuel. Probable pollutants likely to emit will be SPM,
SO2 and NOx, but it will not the constant source of emission as it will be
used in case of power failure only.
Emitted flue gas pollutants will be SPM, SO2 and NOx and main pollutants
from process stacks will be HCl, Cl2 and SO2.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-6
Adequate stack height to the flue gas stack and process gas stack has
been provided for proper dispersion of gaseous emission.
However, in order to achieve the reduction, it is suggested that during
operational phase, regular maintenance and periodic tuning of the burner
system should be done to ensure proper atomization and subsequent
minimization of any unburned combustibles. Besides reduction in
particulate emissions, it would also result in better operating efficiency of
APC measures.
In order to minimize the air pollution the unit will develop greenbelt on
and around its premises considering the following guidelines,
i) Green cover should be created at all the available open spaces.
ii) Strict surveillance is made to increase the survival rate of the trees.
iii) Plants with higher height, medium and low height should be planted
to ensure thick belt for attenuation of fugitive emission. This activity
demands expert advice and guidance.
B) Measures for fugitive emission
The fugitive emissions of acid fumes are likely to be emitted from leakage
through valves, fittings, pumps, material handling etc.
Unit will adopt following measures:
Good house-keeping, proper maintenance and continuous observation
will prevent the chances of any fugitive emission from the process
plant.
Paved road make to reduce the fugitive emission. Water sprinkler will
be provided to reduce the dusting from road transportation.
Regular maintenance of valves, pumps and other equipment is done to
prevent leakage and thus minimize the fugitive emissions.
Entire process is carried out in the closed reactors with proper
maintenance of pressure and temperature.
Regular periodic monitoring of work area to check the fugitive
emission.
To reduce the pollutant emission during transportation, the unit has
adopted the practice of regular check-up and maintenance of vehicular
engines for complete combustion of the fuel.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-7
10.5.2 Water Environment
The unit will satisfy its fresh water requirement from bore well. Total
water requirement of the plant will be 99 KLD, out of which 90.5 KLD will
be fresh water requirement and 8.5 KLD will be met from recycle/treated
water which will be use in scrubber for recovery of byproducts.
Sewage generation will be approximately 4.5 KLD, which will dispose off
into soak pit though septic tank.
The mitigation measures for minimizing the impacts on water
environment in general includes following:
- Minimization of water use.
- Minimize waste generation and facilitate treatment and recycle.
10.5.3 Hazardous/Solid Waste Management
The Waste Management plan includes:
- Classification of waste
- Collection, storage, transportation, disposal & sell to approved TSDF
site/appropriate recycler &/or reuse.
- Data Management and Reporting
- Personnel Training
- Waste Minimization
The source of solid/hazardous waste generation is ETP sludge; distillation
residue discarded containers/liners & used oil.
Unit will provide isolated storage area for hazardous waste storage with
roof cover and impervious floor. ETP sludge will be disposed by land filling
at approved TSDF site. Distillation Residue will be incinerated at Common
Incineration Facility (CHWIF) or send for co-processing in cement kiln
after approval from concern authorities. Used oil will be sold to registered
re-refiners, whereas discarded containers/liners will be used for packing
of ETP sludge and incase of excess, it will be sold to approved recycler or
traders.
Fly Ash Management & Disposal
Fly ash whichever will be sold to brick manufacturer & hollow concrete
brick manufacturer and also will be supplied to the company for land
leveling, conditioning, road construction, etc.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-8
10.5.4 Noise Control Technique
The main sources of noise generation will be from driving unit of plant &
machinery. Additional noise will be generated due to installation of new
machineries and equipments. However, these impacts will be very minor
and temporary in nature. The impact on the environment during the
operational phase will be long term but of insignificant.
However, to minimize the noise pollution the unit proposes the following
noise control measures,
Noise suppression measures such as enclosures, buffers and/or
protective measures should be provided, if required (wherever noise
level is more than 90 dB (A)).
Employees should be provided with ear protection measures like
earplugs or earmuffs. Earplug should be provided to all workers where
exposure is 85 dB (A) or more.
The transportation contractor shall be informed to avoid unnecessary
speeding of the vehicles inside the premises.
Extensive oiling, lubrication and preventive maintenance will be carried
out for the machineries and equipments to reduce noise generation.
The selection of any new plant equipment will be made with
specification of low noise levels.
Areas with high noise levels will be identified and segregated where
possible and will include prominently displayed caution boards.
Greenbelt area will be developed within industrial premises and around
the periphery to prevent the noise pollution in surrounding area.
By taking measures as mentioned above, it is anticipated that noise levels
in the plant will be maintained below the permissible limit.
10.6 GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT PLAN
Tree plantation is one of the effective remedial measures to control the
air pollution and noise pollution. It also causes aesthetics improvement of
the area as well as sustains and supports the biosphere. The unit
proposes to develop the green belt on 1500 m2 area, which will be around
33% of the area of Phase-I (current Development). Greenbelt will be
developed by planting drought resistant trees suitable for local climate.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-9
Moreover, avenue trees will be planted all along the roads and local
species are recommended. The density of tree will be 1000 tree per acres
i.e. 1 tree per 4 m2 to minimize the effect of air and noise pollution and to
improve overall environment. These trees are planted in open and close
patches in multiple rows.
The plantation of trees in and around the company are meant mainly to
reduce air pollution caused by factory emissions, to absorb sound, to
prevent soil erosion and to maintain aesthetic value for healthy living. For
the development of greenbelt, plants having simple big leaves and native
species are preferred to the plants.
The plants are suitable for green belt development based on gaseous
exchange capacity of foliage which is ascertained by the following
characteristics:
- The plant should be fast growing.
- It should have thick canopy cover.
- It should be perennial and evergreen.
- It should have large leaf area index.
- It should be indigenous.
- It should be efficient in absorbing pollutants without significant effects
on plant growth.
The objectives of the industrial greenbelt are to improve the micro-
environment. The success depends on the type of land available and
selection of suitable tree species for pollution control. Selection of tree
species for industrial areas is influenced by the nature of industry. The
objective should be to ensure a green cover tolerating pollutant gases
and solid particulates present in the atmosphere. It is also advisable to
select suitable tree species and adopt simple techniques which require
minimum investment and care.
Design of Green Belt
As far as possible, following guidelines will be considered in greenbelt
development.
The spacing between the trees will be maintained as per GPCB
guideline i.e. 1 tree/4 sqm.
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Spaces, so that the trees may grow vertically and slightly increase
the effective height of the green belt.
Planting of trees in each row will be in staggered orientation.
The short trees (< 10 m height) will be planted in the first two rows
(towards plant side) of the green belt. The tall trees (> 10 m height)
will be planted in the outer three rows (away from plant side).
Planting methodology
The plantation shall be done in pits. Pits of about 50 cm dia shall be dug
in grid of 0.5 m x 0.5 m up to a depth of 0.3 m. The pit shall be refilled
with soil after the planting. The sampling of healthy, nursery raised,
seedlings in polythene containers shall be transported in baskets. Planting
shall be done after first monsoon showers.
The level of soil is about 10 cm above of ground level. The soil around the
plant shall be pressed to form a low through. About 25 gm chemical
fertilizers shall be added in ring of 25 cm radius around the plant.
Watering shall be continued after plantation if any dry spells follows.
Planted area shall be inspected and mortality rate ensured for each
species. The dead and drying plant shall be replaced by fresh seedlings.
Plantation Programme
Plantation of trees in and around the company are meant mainly to
reduce air pollution caused by factory emissions, to absorb sound, to
prevent soil erosion and to maintain aesthetic value for healthy living.
List of suggested species for greenbelt
Following list of trees are suggested for the greenbelt development with
respect to this particular area. They are mostly deciduous and evergreen
tree types suitable to be grown in the area.
Botanical Name Common Name
Delonix regia Gulmohar
Azadirachta indica Neem
Acacia nilotica Desi baval
Ficus benghalensis Banyan tree
Tamrindus indica Amli
Syzygium cummini Jamun
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Salvadora perriea Pilu
Eucalyptus citriodora Nilgiri
Survival rate of trees and post plantation care
Considering the availability of water and general survey of surrounding
area, the survival rate is expected to be around 60-65%. Moreover, the
wire net guards will be provided to protect the saplings. The same will be
properly manure and watered so that it can grow well.
Protection of plantation site:
Protection from grazing will be done by erecting tree guards a rounded
planted sapling.
Though the tree suggested for plantation will require very less water,
however during the first year watering will be done twice in a day.
There after watering will be done twice in a week.
The manuring will be done when plantation take up. For this propose
cow dung will be dump in the pit. No other manuring will require for
proposed plantation. Cow dung is easily available in the study area.
Damaged plants will be replaced with new plants.
10.7 Resource Conservation/Waste Minimization, Recycling, Reuse and
Cleaner Production Options
All the air pollutants are converting in to usable by products like HCl,
Sodium bi Sulphite & Sodium Hypochlorite. Above all steps are to be
taken for waste-minimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques and
convert it into usable by products. Unit will recycle around 8.5 KLD
treated wastewater reuse as scrubber water.
Unit shall also implement the concept of waste minimization circle
including:
Good House Keeping: Proper house keeping practices makes the
system easier and less costly and reduce the spillage and leakages.
Rain water harvesting system shall be adopted to reduce the fresh
water requirement.
Cleaner production technology shall be adopted for the resource
conservation and pollution control and get valued by products.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-12
10.7.1 Action plan for odour control
Chlorinated mass of Mono Chloro Acetic acid (MCA) is main source of
odour in the Karan Intermediates. In addition to this Hydrogen Chloride
(HCl) gas liberated during Chlorination as well as Hydrogenation reaction
is scrubbed with water to obtain commercial grade, 30% Hydrochloric
acid. This is other source of odour.
Entire chlorination and scrubbing systems should be in close manner. HCl
receiver tank should also be close to avoid any odour. Hood will be
provided at the outlet of MCA product from reactor. Fully ventilated plant
which help to reduce the odour problems.
10.8 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH & SAFETY
The following check-ups shall be carried out regularly to avoid
occupational hazard,
Pre-medical check-up of the employees at the time of employment in
unit.
Provision of periodic medical check-up for all the employees.
First aid training shall also be given to the employees.
Monitoring of occupational hazards like noise, ventilation, chemical
exposure shall be carried out at frequent intervals.
Appointing the medical officer for the regular medical examination and
treatment of the employee.
The following precautions shall be taken to avoid foreseeable accident like
spillage, fire and explosion hazards and to minimize the effect of any such
accident and to combat the emergency at site level in case of emergency.
Various emergency spots in plant area will be identified and kept in
sharp and alert watch.
Protective equipments will be regularly checked and will be kept easily
accessible and easily workable during emergency.
Safety installations like available quantity of running water will be
regularly watched.
Fire bucket and hose reels will be provided to withstand the fire or
explosion conditions.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-13
Various types of fire extinguishers such as (Foam type, water CO2
type, CO2 type) will be provided inside the factory premises.
10.8.1 Possibility of occupational health hazard, its control &
Occupational surveillance
An occupational hazard is a thing or situation with the potential to harm a
worker. Occupational hazards can be divided into two categories: safety
hazards that cause accidents that physically injure workers, and health
hazards which result in the development of disease. Hazards can be rated
according to the severity of the harm they cause - a significant hazard
being one with the potential to cause a critical injury or death.
Chemical agents: There are possibility to generate gases, vapours and
aerosols (dusts, fumes, mists). We will take care to reduce it at optimum
minimum level and advices to workers to use PPE who work in such
identify area.
Noise: Noise is considered as any unwanted sound that may adversely
affect the health and well-being of individuals or populations. Aspects of
noise hazards include total energy of the sound, frequency distribution,
duration of exposure and impulsive noise. Noise might result in acute
effects like communication problems, decreased concentration, and
sleepiness and as a consequence interference with job performance.
Exposure to high levels of noise (usually above 85 dB(A)) over a
significant period of time may cause both temporary and chronic hearing
loss. Permanent hearing loss is the most common occupational disease in
compensation claims. There will be no high noise level issue. However,
unit will identify such areas like D.G. Sets, utilities area and advice to
workers to not enter without PPE.
Occupational surveillance involves active programmes to anticipate,
observe, measure, evaluate and control exposures to potential health
hazards in the workplace. Depending upon the occupational environment
and problem, two surveillance methods can be employed: medical and
environmental.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-14
1. Medical surveillance is used to detect the presence or absence of
adverse health effects for an individual from occupational exposure to
contaminants, by performing medical examinations and appropriate tests.
2. Environmental surveillance is used to document potential exposure
to contaminants for a group of employees, by measuring the
concentration of contaminants in the air, in bulk samples of materials and
on surfaces. Medical surveillance is performed because diseases can be
caused or exacerbated by exposure to hazardous substances. So periodic
medical check-up will be carried out.
10.8.2 Preventive Measures
The methods of protecting the work force from exposure to toxic agents
in the workplace:
Enclosures or special ventilator control of processes;
Good general ventilation - particularly important if the haz.
Chemicals/acids are used in a confined space;
Personal protection - Protective clothing should be worn, including
gloves. Suitable respiratory protection is necessary like Panorama
gas mask with cartridge suitable for the chemicals we will be
handling, Breathing air apparatus and Air hood with instrument air
connection.
Keep Emergency alarm systems in confined area.
Emergency preparedness plan.
10.9 OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMME
Unit will employ well qualified and experienced safety manager and make
arrangement for part time doctor for regular checking of health of the
employees. Also, plans to become member of any local hospital for
emergency need. Annual health check for employees will be carried out
and record will be maintained. Regular training to plant personnel in
safety fire fighting and first aid will be provided.
Unit will maintain a healthy work environment. This is accomplished
through the identification, evaluation and control of workplace
environmental factors which may cause sickness, impaired health or
significant discomfort and inefficiency among workers. Environmental
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-15
factors such as noise, physical hazards toxicity/ chemical hazard and
ergonomic hazards are monitored on a periodic basis. Workers exposed to
noise and toxic materials will be evaluated against applicable recognised
exposure levels in the Factories Act. Hearing protection aid will be
provided to workers who work in the high noise areas, during
construction of the proposed facilities and also to those who will continue
through the life of the facility.
(A) Exposure of workers with major chemicals
Mainly acids/alkalis will be the major chemicals where workers are
directly exposed. All workers are directly or indirectly comes with above
chemicals are aware about the hazardousness of such chemicals and all
have provide Personnel protective equipments and also provide
appropriate training for use it.
(B) List of chemicals, their threshold limit and measures
Unit will use numbers chemicals where workers are directly or indirectly
exposed in work area. Details of hazardous chemicals characteristics are
summarized in Chapter-7 of RA report. Unit will handle above chemicals
with proper handling process suggested in MSDS. Estimated work area
quality with TWA limit is summarized in Table 2.7(a) of Chapter-2.
Measured value indicates that exposure of such chemicals are within the
Threshold Limit Values (TLV)/Permission Exposure Levels as per ACGIH
recommendation.
(C) Details of Pre-placement and periodical medical monitoring of
workers
Pre-employment Medical Examinations
There are two main purposes of pre-employment medical examinations:
1. To provide base-line health data against which subsequent
changes after employment can be evaluated
This is important for assessment of the effectiveness of preventive
measures at work. For example, where the hearing threshold of a worker,
which is normal before employment in a noisy occupation, is found to
have increased after employment, this possibly indicates noise-induced
hearing loss and a review of the hearing protection measures would be
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-16
required. On the other hand, if the pre-employment hearing threshold of
the workers has not been assessed, it would be difficult to ascertain
whether the worker’s high hearing threshold after employment is due to
excessive noise exposure at work or to his own hearing problem before
employment. Pre-employment health data is also important in
substantiating or negating employees’ compensation claims since it
provides evidence of the health status of claimants before employment.
2. To ensure medical fitness for work
Pre-employment medical examinations identify those persons who are
medically unfit for employment in particular occupations. Persons with
certain underlying medical conditions are particularly vulnerable to the
effects of certain health hazards and are not suitable for employment in
particular occupations. Persons with certain underlying medical conditions
are particularly vulnerable to the effects of certain health hazards and are
not suitable for employment in work with such exposures. For example,
workers with thalassemia (a genetic disease of the blood) should not be
engaged in work involving lead exposure which may aggravate the
anaemia. Workers may fail to meet the specific health requirements for
particular job so that they cannot undertake the jobs safely without risks
to themselves or others.
Periodic Medical Examinations
Periodic medical examinations aim to detect susceptible workers for
whom corrective actions are required before they develop overt
occupational diseases. The frequency of periodic medical examinations
depends on the nature of the occupational hazards. For most hazardous
exposures, however, these examinations are conducted annually.
Requirements of Medical Examination
The requirements of medical examinations depend on the nature of the
hazardous exposures of workers. In general, the doctor will take a
detailed occupational and medical history, conduct a physical examination
and prescribe a range of ancillary laboratory and/or radiological
investigations such as urine test, blood test, X-ray, lung function test and
audiometric test.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-17
Liver Function Test (LFT)
Clinical examination and Pre-placement medical examination carried out
in every 12 months. Liver function tests including serum bilirubin, alkaline
phosphatase estimations every 12 months are required.
Occupational Health and First aid measures
Unit is using numbers of chemicals, which if handled in safe ways with all
precautions (as detailed in respective MSDS) will not cause harm to
employees. However, in rare case of exposures, immediate action is to be
taken to save life and reduce the extent of damage. Unit has first aid
facilities and calling base ambulance facilities as and when required.
Industry will appoint part time doctor for periodically health check-up.
Instructions for immediate actions to exposures to some of the chemicals
will be given to employees.
Mitigation Measures:
Entire materials will be transfer either pneumatically or closed manner
and charging the raw materials in reactor with deep charges so that
chances of un-reacted materials are minimized.
Engineering controls
Engineering controls are the preferred method of controlling exposure
to workplace hazards. They can be placed in three categories:
Substitution includes the use of a less hazardous material, a change in
the process equipment used, or a change in the process itself. Care must
be taken to ensure that the substitution actually does result in less
hazardous conditions.
Isolation is a method of limiting exposure to those employees who are
working directly with the hazard, often by enclosing them within a
containment structure. While isolation will reduce the risk to those
outside the isolated area, it should be accompanied by appropriate
controls to ensure that those within are not faced with an increased
exposure to the hazard.
Ventilation is most important for the control of airborne hazards. It
involves the removal (from the workplace) of air that contains a
hazardous contaminant and its replacement with uncontaminated outside
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-18
air. There are two types: local exhaust and general dilution. A properly
designed local exhaust system can capture a contaminant where it is
generated and remove it before it is dispersed into the work environment.
Unit have focus on above three areas to maintain work air quality in work
zone area.
10.9.1 Occupational Health and First aid measures
Unit will use numbers of chemicals, which if handled in safe ways with all
precautions (as detailed in respective MSDS) will not cause harm to
employees. However, in rare case of exposures, immediate action is to be
taken to save life and reduce the extent of damage. Unit has first aid
facilities and ambulance facilities are available round the clock. Industry
has appointed part time doctor for periodically health check-up of
workers. Instructions for immediate actions to exposures to some of the
chemicals will be given to employees.
10.9.2 Hazard Communication and Chemical Safety
A hazardous chemical directory is being developed to maintain
information on the hazards associated with each chemical used. Copies of
Material Safety Data Sheets for all hazardous materials at the
existing/proposed facility will be kept at the unit and will be available for
employee review. Specific programs and procedures for the control of
health hazards associated with potentially harmful materials such as
Acids, Alkali etc. will be followed. The hazard communication program will
serve as the basis for selection of personal protective equipment such as
gloves, goggles, face shields, etc. A select group of employees at the
proposed facilities will receive first aid training to provide an immediate
response and medical care for injuries.
Material handling areas should be clearly defined.
The workers should be made aware about the hazards associated with
manual material handling.
A written process safety information document should be compiled for
general use.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-19
The document compilation should include an assessment of the
hazards presented including (i) Physical data (ii) Thermal data (iii)
Process and mechanical design.
Personnel engaged in handling of hazard activities should be trained to
respond in an unlikely event of emergencies.
The plant should check and ensure that all instruments provided in the
plant are in good condition and documented.
10.10 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
Socio-economic development activities refers to voluntary actions
undertaken by company/organization to either improve the living
conditions (economically, socially, and environmentally) of local
communities or to reduce the negative effects of the project. Socio-
economic development activities is a concept of organization whereby
organizations serve the interests of society by taking responsibility for the
impact of their activities on customers, employees, shareholders,
communities and the environment in all aspects of their operations.
PA has identified focused areas for community development and
implement developmental program.
The identified activities under CSR program are as follows:
Scholarships to meritorious students
Health and Family Welfare including support to primary health center
Supporting education through distribution of stationary, science kits,
etc.
Rural infrastructure development by construction of rainwater
harvesting ponds, check dams etc.
Following activities will be under taken as a part of CSR under
different heads:
Education
Awarding meritorious school students in SSC & HSC
Providing utensils to schools and anganwadi for Mid-Day Meal
preparation
Science Lab - Equipment & books in libraries for schools
Supports for sport & cultural competitions in schools
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-20
Health and family welfare
Malaria eradication camps (collection of blood sample & detection of
virus & free medicine distribution, Blood donation camp)
General Health Camp for men, women & kids
Contribution towards primary Health Services depending on local
needs.
Preservation of the Environment and to Sustainable Development
Water harvesting systems in nearby villages.
Landscaping and greenbelt development in & around the project site.
Provide sanitation facilities to villagers.
Unit has committed to spend about Rs. 32.0 Lakhs in the first five years
of the operation towards various rural up-liftman and community
development programs.
Table: 10.1 Budgetary provisions for the social upliftment
(for the first five years)
Sr.
No.
Activity Budgetary provision
(Rs. in Lakhs)
1 Educational activities 6.25
2 Health and family welfare 3.75
3 Drinking water and sanitation
facilities 3.75
4 Preservation of the Environment and
Sustainable Development 6.25
5 Cattle camp 5.0
6 Women & children Development
activities 10.0
Total 32.0
10.11 POST-PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING
Post - project environmental monitoring suggested herewith should be as
per the guideline. The highlights of the integrated environmental
monitoring plan are:
The stack monitoring facilities like ladder, platform and port-hole of all
the stacks maintained in good condition.
Regular monitoring of all gaseous emissions from stacks/vents and all
fugitive emissions in the process areas.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-21
The performance of air pollution control equipment evaluated based on
these monitoring results.
Water consumption in the unit recorded daily.
Analysis of untreated and treated effluent will be carried out regularly.
Performance of effluent treatment plant units evaluated based on
these analysis results.
As far as possible, noise curbed at its source, with the help of acoustic
hoods and other such noise reducing equipment. Regular noise level
monitoring carried out.
Green belt properly maintained and new plantation programmes
undertaken frequently.
Continued environmental awareness programmes carried out within
the employees and also in the surrounding villages.
Rain water harvesting ponds will be developed within the industrial
premises and encouraged in the surrounding villages too.
10.12 ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT COST ESTIMATE
The management will spend about Rs. 20 lakhs as recurring cost per
annum on the pollution control measure, green belt development and
other environment management. Recurring cost is estimated as below:
Table 10.2: Budget Allocation for Environment Management
(Proposed)
S. No.
Description Recurring Cost (Lakh/Annum)
1 Air pollution Control 14.0
2 Water pollution Control 2.0
3 Hazardous waste management 0.5
4 Environment Monitoring and
Management
1.5
5 Occupational Health 0.5
6 Green Belt Development Plan 0.5
7 Rain water harvesting system 1.0
Total 20
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-22
10.13 ENVIRONMENT POLICY
Unit has proposed to set up a new unit and there will be an Environment
Policy approved by the management.
They commit themselves to:
Ensure continuous improvement in environmental performance of our
works through protective Environmental management system.
Comply with applicable legal and other requirements related to
environmental aspects.
Conserve the resources particularly water, power by fixing and
improving consumption norms.
Concept of cleaner production will be adopted.
Ensure involvement of all employees and contractors in effective
implementation of Environment Management System through
training and awareness.
Promote awareness among local surrounding community for
preservation and maintaining clean environment.
10.14 REPORTING SYSTEM OF NON COMPLIANCES/VIOLATIONS OF
ENVIRONMENTAL NORMS
Company will develop reporting systems of non-compliances/ violations of
environmental norms to the Board of Directors.
The mechanism is summarized below:
1. Identify deviation/non-compliance/violation of environmental norms
as lay down in consent to operate and letter of Environmental
clearance. Record to communication/complain received from
plausible stake holder.
2. The EHS manager will identify deviation/non-compliance/ violation
from failure to comply with statutory requirements.
3. Respond from EHS manager within reasonable time limit to concern
authorities with c/c mark to Technical head.
4. Technical head will take it in action and give necessary guideline to
comply this deviation/ non-compliance/violation of environmental
norms. Parallel arrange budget for necessary action to comply the
condition.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-23
5. Communication received from the EHS manager will be discussed in
technical management meeting.
6. Board discussion, Decision and Action
The Chairperson will review the information available and take a
decision depending on the seriousness of the violation.
The decision will be taken to ensure the compliance of non-
compliance/ violation of environmental norms and it’s
safeguarded. The decision will be taken by consensus and if no
consensus is arrived at, voting will be conducted.
Enlist measures that would undertake to ensure that deviations/
noncompliance /violations of Environmental norms and take care
not to occur same violation in future.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-24
Table: 10.3 Environment Monitoring Plan
Nature of Analysis Frequency of analysis
with its analyzer
Parameters
Wastewater analysis Monthly by external agency pH, TDS, SS, Oil &
Grease, etc.
Stack Monitoring of
each stack
Monthly by external agency PM, SO2, NOX, HCl, Cl2
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Monthly for 24 hours or as
per the statutory conditions
by external agency
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX
Noise level Monthly as per the
statutory conditions by
external agency
Nr. Main gate, Nr.
Boiler, TFH, Nr. D. G.
Set, Process area etc.
Work zone fugitive
monitoring
Monthly by external agency RPM, Acid fumes, Cl2
Health check-up of
workers
As per the statutory
guideline
All workers
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 10-25
Figure 10.1
EHS Management
Technical Director
General Manager
(Operation)
ETP Chemist/operator
Environmental
Chemist
EHS Manager
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 11-1
Chapter-11
Summary & Conclusion
11.1 BACKGROUND
Since India is a developing country and industries have always played
major role in the economic development of the country. Gujarat is one of
the well-developed industrialized state, has a significant contribution in
industrial as well as economic growth of the country.
M/s. Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. is proposed to start new unit for
manufacturing of various types of Chlorinated organic products like Mono
Chloro Acetic Acid (MCA)-300 MTPM, Chloro Acetyl Chloride (CAC)-150
MTPM, Tri Chloro Acetyl Chloride (TCAC)-150 MTPM, Sulphur Mono Chloride
(SMC)-100 MTPM, Aluminium Chloride-350 MTPM, Ferric Chloride-500 MTPM
at Survey No. 455 & 456, Village: Neja, Taluka: Khambhat, Dist.: Anand.
Total Area of project is 28025 m2, out of which 4500 m2 will be utilized for
current proposal and balance will be for future expansion.
11.2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Location of Project
Details of the project site are as given in following table:
Sr.
No.
Particulars Details
1 Plant location
Survey No. 455 & 456
Village Neja
Taluka Khambhat
District Anand
State Gujarat
2 Site Coordinates
Latitude 22°20'21.90" N
Longitude 72°34'52.01" E
3 Nearest Railway Station Khambhat (5.5 km)
4 Nearest Airport Vadodara (66.5 km)
5 Nearest City Anand (40 km)
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 11-2
6 Nearest Town Khambhat (4.5 km)
7 Nearest Village Sokhada (1.7 km)
8 Nearest Highway State highway 2.05 km
Site Details
The project site is in proximity of Anand District of Gujarat State. The land
in and around the plant site is plain. Project Proponent is very well familiar
with the surrounding environment; therefore, it becomes easy for the unit
to set up the project on the above said location.
The other supporting features are briefly summarized hereunder,
Availability of suitable and adequate land;
Availability of all basic facilities like infrastructure, communication,
transportation, medical facilities, fuel, water, power, unskilled &
skilled manpower, raw materials, road network etc.
Proximity of market;
Nearest town Khambhat & city Anand are 4.5 km and 40.0 km away
from the project site and very well connected with other parts of the
country by road & rail;
No R & R will be required;
No national park or wildlife habitat falls within 10 km radial distance
from project site.
The location of project is best suited to start the proposed activities. So no
alternative for site is analyzed.
11.3 PRODUCTION CAPACITIES
Production details are as under:
Details of the products
Sr.
No.
Name of Products Quantity
(MT/Month)
1. Mono Chloro Acetic Acid (MCA) 300
2. Chloro Acetyl Chloride (CAC) 150
3. Tri Chloro Acetyl Chloride (TCAC) 150
4. Sulphur Mono Chloride 100
5. Aluminum Chloroide 350
6. Feric Chloride 500
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 11-3
Total 1550
By product
1. Mother Liquor of MCA 55
2. Hydrochloric Acid (30%), sold or
captive consumption
1710
3. Sodium bi Sulphite (20-30%) 340
4. Sodium Hypochlorite (20%) 25
Total byproduct 2130
Investment of the project
The estimated cost of the project is around Rs. 650 lakhs. Out of this
around Rs. 100 lakhs will be invested for pollution control measures as
capital investment and around 20.0 lakhs as recurring cost of EMS per
annum.
11.4 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT
To predict the impact of the proposed activities on the surrounding
environment, the current baseline environmental status was studied by
collecting the data and carrying out monitoring for the period of March-
2015 to May-2015.
The environmental quality has been analyzed with respect to ambient air
quality, water quality, noise levels, soil characteristics, flora & fauna and
parameters concerning human interest. Based on the data, the relevant
impacts on various environmental components were also predicted by using
appropriate mathematical models as well as impact assessment techniques.
An appropriate environmental management plan was also delineated to
minimize the adverse impacts.
11.5 AIR ENVIRONMENT
The ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at eight AAQM locations,
to assess existing sub regional air quality status during the period of
March-2015 to May-2015.
Respirable dust sampler & Fine Particulate Sampler along with the analytical
methods prescribed by CPCB were used for carrying out air quality
monitoring. At all these sampling locations; PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx, VOCs,
CO, HC (methane & non-methane) were monitored to enable the
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comparison with ambient air quality standards prescribed by the Central
Pollution Control Board.
The data on concentrations of various pollutants were processed for
different statistical parameters like arithmetic mean, standard deviation,
minimum and maximum concentration and various percentile values.
Particulate Matter (PM10)
An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly PM10 values at all the
locations varied between 53.1-64.7 g/m3 and 60.8-71.4 g/m3, which are
well within the stipulated standard of CPCB, 100 g/m3.
Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly PM2.5 values at all the
locations varied between 28.5-34.2 g/m3 and 33.6-40.9 g/m3, which are
well within the stipulated standard of CPCB, 60 g/m3.
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2)
An average and 98th percentile value of 24-hourly SO2 value of arithmetic
mean at all the locations ranged between 10.6-13.5 g/m3 and 12.1-16.6
g/m3 respectively, which are well within the stipulated standards of 80
g/m3.
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
An average and 98th percentile value of 24 hourly NOx value of arithmetic
mean at all the locations ranged between 12.8-15.7 g/m3 and 14.5-18.3
g/m3 respectively, which are much lower than the standards stipulated by
CPCB, i.e. 80 g/m3.
11.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT
Ground water quality (Primary data)
Color: All the samples were colorless meeting desirable norms.
pH: All the samples meet the desirable standards (pH ranges from 7.2 to
7.8).
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS): TDS in samples ranges from 1253 mg/L
(Khambhat) to 2318 mg/L (Navagam Bara). All the samples meet the
permissible limit of 2000 mg/L (If alternate sources of potable water are not
available) except Navagam Bara.
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Calcium: Calcium contents in the water ranges from 44 mg/L (Neja) to 102
mg/L (Navagam Bara), all the samples meet the permissible limit of 200
mg/L (If alternate sources of potable water are not available).
Magnesium: Magnesium content in the water ranges from 47 mg/L (Paldi)
to 95 mg/L (Lunej). All the samples meet even the permissible limit of 100
mg/L (if alternate source of potable water in not available).
Sulphate: Sulphate content in the water ranges from 89 mg/L (Nr. Project
site) to 119 mg/L (Nagra). All the samples meet the desirable limit of 200
mg/L for drinking water.
Fluoride: Fluoride content in the water ranges from 0.49 mg/L (Nagra) to
0.65 mg/L (Nr. Project site). All the samples meet the desirable limit (1.0
mg/L).
Total Alkalinity: Total alkalinity in the water samples ranges from 307
mg/L (Navagam Bara) to 345 mg/L (Lunej). All the samples are within the
permissible limit of drinking water (600 mg/L) (if alternate source of
portable water is not available).
Other Parameters: Potassium (ranges from 59 mg/L to 94 mg/L), Sodium
(ranges from 343 mg/L to 518 mg/L) and Chloride (ranges from 563 mg/L
to 1096 mg/L).
Heavy metals like copper, lead, chromium and zinc are found below
detectable limit in all samples.
Conclusions: Ground water samples from villages meet the permissible
limit set by the authority (BIS) except for TDS & Chloride (Navagam Bara).
11.7 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
The Leq values of noise levels during day-time varied from 51.2 dB(A) to
62.7 dB(A). Highest Leq daytime value was recorded at Khambhat Bus stand
due to transportation of vehicles. The Leq values of noise levels during night
time varied from 40.2 dB(A) to 58.3 dB(A). Highest Leq value during night
time was also recorded at Khambhat Bus stand.
11.8 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
Air Environment
Flue gas emission will be from the common stack attached to Boiler &
Thermic Fluid Heater (TFH) due to combustion of fuel. Bio fuel (Briquettes)
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will be used as fuel. Unit has proposed to install cyclone & bag filter to the
stack attached to boiler & TFH as Air Pollution Control System. Process
emission will be from two stacks attached to reaction vessels of MCA and
CAC and TCAC. 3 Stage water scrubber followed by alkali scrubber will be
provided to control of Air Emission emit from process.
Most probable emitted pollutants from flue gas stacks will be SPM, SO2 and
NOx and process pollutants will be HCl, Chlorine and SO2.
Adequate stack height will be provided for proper dispersion of gaseous
emission. Unit has proposed to install D.G. set with capacity of 200 kVA,
which will be used in case of power failure/emergency only. HSD will be
used as a fuel hence no need of APCM.
Air Quality Modelling and Predictions
It is predicted that highest 24–hourly incremental GLC value for SPM, SO2,
NOx, HCl & Cl2 are 0.266 g/m3, 0.105 g/m3, 0.074 g/m3, 0.050 g/m3,
0.016 g/m3 respectively. The point of maximum concentration by unit
would be 1.00 km from center of industry in E direction.
With this marginal contribution due to the proposal of the project, the levels
of PM10, SO2, NOx, will remain well below the 24 –hourly ambient air quality
standards for SO2 & NOx (80 g/m3), PM10 (100 g/m3), PM2.5 (60 g/m3)
prescribed by CPCB.
Water Environment
The unit will satisfy its fresh water requirement by ground water source
because no alternative water source is available there. Total water
requirement will be tune around 99.0 KLD, out of which 90.5 KLD will be
fresh water requirement and 8.5 KLD will be treated w/w recycled. Fresh
water requirement will be mainly for scrubber, utilities, domestic and
gardening.
Source of wastewater generation will be mainly from utilities. Total
wastewater generation will be 13.0 KL/day; out of which 8.5 KL/day will be
industrial wastewater, which will be treated in primary treatment plant and
treated water reuse back in scrubber to achieve zero discharge. Rest 4.5
KL/day of domestic w/w will be disposed to soak pit followed by septic tank.
Thus, there will not be any major impact on the water environment due to
proposed project activities.
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EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 11-7
Hazardous Waste Management
The entire quantity of hazardous waste will be handled and disposed as per
Hazardous Waste (Management, Handling and Trans boundary Movement)
Rules'2008, amended time to time. Main source of hazardous waste
generation will be ETP sludge, distillation residue, used oil, discarded
containers & empty bags & liners.
ETP Sludge will be sent to TSDF site for final disposal, while distillation
residue will send to CHWIF for incineration and used lubricant oil will be
used within premises as a lubricant/ sell to registered recycler. Whereas
discarded containers/ barrels/liners will use for packing of ETP sludge, in
case of excess, it will be sold to approved recyclers or traders.
Unit has provided isolated storage area for the storage of hazardous waste.
Thus, hazardous waste management system provided by the unit will be
adequate and there will not be any major impact on the environment due to
hazardous waste management.
Noise Control Measures
The main noise generating sources in the plant will be boiler, TFH, material
handling, process plant, D.G. set, other machineries etc. However, the
noise transmitted outside the plant boundary will be low because most of
the noise generating equipments will be in closed structures provided with
acoustic enclosure. Greenbelt will be developed around the periphery of the
plant. Ear muff, ear plug will be provided to all workers working at noisy
area.
Green Belt Development
The unit proposes to develop greenbelt in area of 1500 m2 and it will be
more than 33% of total land utilization for proposed project.
11.9 ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PROGRAMME
The details of monitoring are as below:
Nature of Analysis Frequency of analysis
with its analyzer
Parameters
Wastewater analysis Monthly by external agency pH, TDS, SS, Oil &
Grease, etc.
Stack Monitoring of Monthly by external agency PM, SO2, NOX, HCl, Cl2
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 11-8
each stack
Ambient Air Quality
Monitoring
Monthly for 24 hours or as
per the statutory conditions
by external agency
PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX
Noise level Monthly as per the
statutory conditions by
external agency
Nr. Main gate, Nr.
Boiler, TFH, Nr. D. G.
Set, Process area etc.
Work zone fugitive
monitoring
Monthly by external agency RPM, Acid fumes, Cl2
Health check-up of
workers
As per the statutory
guideline
All workers
11.10 Qualitative Risk Analysis
Risk analysis and study have been carried out for identification of hazards,
selection of credible scenarios, Risk Mitigation measures etc. All the
hazardous chemicals will be stored and handled as per MSDS guidelines.
11.11 PROJECT BENEFITS
Proposed project will become beneficial to the surrounding area or
community in terms of infrastructural development, Social development,
employment and other tangible benefits.
The proposed project has a potential for employment of skilled, semi-skilled
and unskilled employees during construction phase as well as operational
phase.
11.12 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
Overall objective of EMP
Prevention: Measures aimed at impeding the occurrence of negative
environmental impacts and/or preventing such an occurrence having
harmful environmental impacts.
Preservation: Preventing any future actions that might adversely affect an
environmental resource or attribute.
Minimization: Limiting or reducing the degree, extent, magnitude, or
duration of adverse impacts.
EMP for proposed for the proposed project of Karan Intermediates covers
following aspects:
Description of mitigation measures
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 11-9
Description of monitoring program
Institutional arrangements
Implementation schedule
11.13 CONCLUSION
Based on the study it is concluded that,
There will be no major impact on water environment as generated
effluent will be treated in Effluent Treatment Plant having primary
treatment units and recycle in scrubber. Hence unit will achieve zero
discharge.
Domestic effluent will be disposed to soak pit followed by septic tank.
Bio fuel (Briquettes) will be used as a fuel. Unit has proposed to
install cyclone & bag filter as Air Pollution Control System to achieve
norms of GPCB.
3 stage water scrubber followed by alkali scrubber will be provided to
control process emission.
To prevent Fugitive emission, various steps will be taken like regular
sprinkling of water and pucca road.
Adequate arrangement for handling and disposal of Hazardous waste
will be made.
Fire protection and safety measures will be provided to take care of
fire and explosion hazard.
Suggestions of qualitative risk analysis study will be followed to
minimize accidents and for safe operations.
Recommendations suggested in Environmental Management Plan will
be followed to minimize the impact of proposed project.
Overall, direct and indirect employment opportunities, improvement in
basic infrastructures by development of industry etc. will be observed with
negligible impact on environment.
It can be concluded that on positive implementation of mitigation measures
and environmental management plan during the construction and
operational phase, there will be negligible impact on the environment.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 12-1
Chapter-12
Disclosure of Consultant engaged Introduction
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd. (An ISO 9001:2008, 14001:2008 and OHSAS 18001
certified company) is a leading multi-disciplinary testing laboratory in Gujarat.
SEPL provides testing services in the areas of environmental assessment and
analytical testing.
SAN Envirotech Pvt. Ltd. (henceforth SEPL) has started its work in 1990 to
serve the environment as a trustee of a next generation with a small
infrastructure under the dynamic leadership of Dr. Mahendra Sadaria.
During last two decade, SEPL has been taking care of client’s unique problems
and concerns in order to develop cost effective strategies to meet their
regulatory obligations. We focus on strategic planning and comprehensive
solutions to address both the short and long term needs of the clients.
Consequently we have developed long-term relationship with our clients to
provide them the services necessary to meet their changing needs.
To protect and preserve the natural resources on earth for future generation, it
offers extensive consultancy services in the field of environment. With its rich
experience, multidisciplinary expertise and with the support of its state-of the-
art analytical equipments, the services offered by the division are wide ranging
and encompasses entire scope of environment management and monitoring
services. With its emphasis on quality services over the years, it has evolved
itself into a single reference point in India for comprehensive environmental
services.
We conduct analytical works pertaining to various Environmental
Parameters. We perform Effluent treatability studies also. To conduct the
analysis work, we follow National & International Quality Standard and update
our process regularly.
“Quality Assurance Team” always welcomes any suggestion and
feedback, to improve the Quality, Performance and Standards of the
services. These suggestion and feedback are considered for reviewing of the
services and complied immediately.
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
EIA report of Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd. 12-2
Major Milestones and Accreditation
SEPL is a recognize schedule-II Environmental Auditor appointed by Gujarat
Pollution Control Board as per the directives of the Honorable High Court of
Gujarat. Recognize laboratory under Environment Protection (EP) Act, 1986 by
Government of India (GOI). SEPL has listed as Accredited EIA consultant
organization by NABET/QCI for EIA report preparation. The certificate of same
is attached with EIA report. SEPL has necessary manpower and expertise in
various fields and also the required infrastructure facilities to carry out work
related to EIA. Technical experts involved in the preparation of this EIA/EMP
report are given below:
Sr.
No.
Name Qualification Position Contribution Signature
1. Dr. Mahendra
Sadaria
Ph.D. Director Coordinator &
FAE of WP, AP,
HW & ISW
2. Dr. Khyati
Thacker
Ph.D. In-house
expert
Coordinator &
FAE for HW, EB,
AQ
3. Shobhana
Sadaria
MSW In-house
expert
FAE of SE
4. Diti Patel M.Sc.
(Env. Sci.)
In-house
expert
Associate
coordinator &
FAE of AP, WP,
AQ & team
member for NV
5. Shreya Bhatt M.Sc. (Micro) In-house
expert
FAE of WP
6. Henal Mehta M. Sc.
(Env. Sci.)
In-house
expert
Associate FAE of
AP & WP
7. Prabhat Kumar
Shrivastava
B. Tech
(Chemical)
Empanel
expert
FAE for RH
8. Mr. Satish Borad B.E. (Civil) Empanelled
expert
FAE of LU
9. Mr. Hardik Patel M.Sc.
(Geology)
Empanelled
expert
FAE of HG & GEO
10. Ashwin Sadaria B. Tech
(Agriculture
Engineering)
Empanelled
expert
Team member of
SC
CONTACT DETAILS:
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd. 424, Medicine Market, Opp. Shefali Cross Road,
Paldi cross Road,
Ahmedabad-380006, Gujarat
Phone: 079-26583077
E-mail: [email protected]
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Material Safety Data SheetAcetic acid MSDS
Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification
Product Name: Acetic acid
Catalog Codes: SLA3784, SLA1438, SLA2101, SLA3604,SLA1258
CAS#: 64-19-7
RTECS: AF1225000
TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Acetic acid
CI#: Not applicable.
Synonym: Acetic acid; glacial acetic acid
Chemical Name: Acetic Acid, Glacial
Chemical Formula: C2-H4-O2
Contact Information:
Sciencelab.com, Inc.14025 Smith Rd.Houston, Texas 77396
US Sales: 1-800-901-7247International Sales: 1-281-441-4400
Order Online: ScienceLab.com
CHEMTREC (24HR Emergency Telephone), call:1-800-424-9300
International CHEMTREC, call: 1-703-527-3887
For non-emergency assistance, call: 1-281-441-4400
Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients
Composition:
Name CAS # % by Weight
Acetic acid 64-19-7 100
Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Acetic acid: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 3310 mg/kg [Rat]. 4960 mg/kg [Mouse]. 3530 mg/kg[Rat]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: 1060 mg/kg [Rabbit]. VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 5620 ppm 1 hours [Mouse].
Section 3: Hazards Identification
Potential Acute Health Effects:Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Hazardous in case of skincontact (corrosive, permeator), of eye contact (corrosive). Liquid or spray mist may produce tissue damage particularly onmucous membranes of eyes, mouth and respiratory tract. Skin contact may produce burns. Inhalation of the spray mist mayproduce severe irritation of respiratory tract, characterized by coughing, choking, or shortness of breath. Inflammation of theeye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skin inflammation is characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or,occasionally, blistering.
Potential Chronic Health Effects:Hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. TERATOGENICEFFECTS: Not available. DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic to kidneys, mucousmembranes, skin, teeth. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Repeated
or prolonged contact with spray mist may produce chronic eye irritation and severe skin irritation. Repeated or prolongedexposure to spray mist may produce respiratory tract irritation leading to frequent attacks of bronchial infection.
Section 4: First Aid Measures
Eye Contact:Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact:In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothingand shoes. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Cold water may be used.Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly cleanshoes before reuse. Get medical attention immediately.
Serious Skin Contact:Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medicalattention.
Inhalation:If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medicalattention immediately.
Serious Inhalation:Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Ifbreathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. WARNING: It maybe hazardous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when the inhaled material is toxic, infectious orcorrosive. Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion:Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconsciousperson. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention if symptoms appear.
Serious Ingestion: Not available.
Section 5: Fire and Explosion Data
Flammability of the Product: Flammable.
Auto-Ignition Temperature: 463°C (865.4°F)
Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 39°C (102.2°F). OPEN CUP: 43°C (109.4°F).
Flammable Limits: LOWER: 4% UPPER: 19.9%
Products of Combustion: These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2).
Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Flammable in presence of open flames and sparks, of heat. Slightly flammable to flammable in presence of oxidizingmaterials, of metals.
Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the product inpresence of static discharge: Not available. Slightly explosive in presence of oxidizing materials.
Fire Fighting Media and Instructions:Flammable liquid, soluble or dispersed in water. SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. LARGE FIRE: Use alcohol foam,water spray or fog. Cool containing vessels with water jet in order to prevent pressure build-up, autoignition or explosion.
Special Remarks on Fire Hazards:Reacts with metals to produces flammable hydrogen gas. It will ignite on contact with potassium-tert-butoxide. A mixture ofammonium nitrate and acetic acid ignites when warmed, especially if warmed.
Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:
Acetic acid vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Reactions between acetic acid and the following materialsare potentially explosive: 5-azidotetrazole, bromine pentafluoride, chromium trioxide, hydrogen peroxide, potassiumpermanganate, sodium peroxide, and phorphorus trichloride. Dilute acetic acid and dilute hydrogen can undergo anexothermic reaction if heated, forming peracetic acid which is explosive at 110 degrees C. Reaction between chlorinetrifluoride and acetic acid is very violent, sometimes explosive.
Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
Small Spill:Dilute with water and mop up, or absorb with an inert dry material and place in an appropriate waste disposal container. Ifnecessary: Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of sodium carbonate.
Large Spill:Flammable liquid. Corrosive liquid. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Stop leak if without risk. If theproduct is in its solid form: Use a shovel to put the material into a convenient waste disposal container. If the product is inits liquid form: Absorb with DRY earth, sand or other non-combustible material. Do not get water inside container. Absorbwith an inert material and put the spilled material in an appropriate waste disposal. Do not touch spilled material. Use waterspray curtain to divert vapor drift. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Call for assistanceon disposal. Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of sodium carbonate. Be careful that the product is not present at aconcentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.
Section 7: Handling and Storage
Precautions:\Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material. Do not ingest. Do notbreathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Never add water to this product. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratoryequipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin andeyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, reducing agents, metals, acids, alkalis.
Storage:Store in a segregated and approved area. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed andsealed until ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame).
Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Engineering Controls:Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their respectivethreshold limit value. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to the work-station location.
Personal Protection:Splash goggles. Synthetic apron. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves(impervious).
Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill:Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoidinhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling thisproduct.
Exposure Limits:TWA: 10 STEL: 15 (ppm) [Australia] TWA: 25 STEL: 27 (mg/m3) [Australia] TWA: 10 STEL: 15 (ppm) from NIOSH TWA: 25STEL: 37 (mg/m3) from NIOSH TWA: 10 STEL: 15 (ppm) [Canada] TWA: 26 STEL: 39 (mg/m3) [Canada] TWA: 25 STEL: 37(mg/m3) TWA: 10 STEL: 15 (ppm) from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] [1999] TWA: 10 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [United States]TWA: 25 (mg/m3) from OSHA (PEL) [United States]Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.
Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical state and appearance: Liquid.
Odor: Pungent, vinegar-like, sour (Strong.)
Taste: Vinegar, sour (Strong.)
Molecular Weight: 60.05 g/mole
Color: Colorless. Clear (Light.)
pH (1% soln/water): 2 [Acidic.]
Boiling Point: 118.1°C (244.6°F)
Melting Point: 16.6°C (61.9°F)
Critical Temperature: 321.67°C (611°F)
Specific Gravity: 1.049 (Water = 1)
Vapor Pressure: 1.5 kPa (@ 20°C)
Vapor Density: 2.07 (Air = 1)
Volatility: Not available.
Odor Threshold: 0.48 ppm
Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: The product is more soluble in water; log(oil/water) = -0.2
Ionicity (in Water): Not available.
Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, diethyl ether, acetone.
Solubility:Easily soluble in cold water, hot water. Soluble in diethyl ether, acetone. Miscible with Glycerol, alcohol, Benzene, CarbonTetrachloride. Practically insoluble in Carbon Disulfide.
Section 10: Stability and Reactivity Data
Stability: The product is stable.
Instability Temperature: Not available.
Conditions of Instability: Heat, ignition sources, incompatible materials
Incompatibility with various substances: Reactive with oxidizing agents, reducing agents, metals, acids, alkalis.
Corrosivity:Highly corrosive in presence of stainless steel(304). Slightly corrosive in presence of aluminum, of copper. Non-corrosive inpresence of stainless steel(316).
Special Remarks on Reactivity:Reacts violently with strong oxidizing agents, acetaldehyde, and acetic anhydride. Material can react with metals, strongbases, amines, carbonates, hydroxides, phosphates, many oxides,cyanides, sulfides, chromic acid, nitric acid, hydrogenperoxide, carbonates. ammonium nitrate, ammonium thiosulfate, chlorine trifluoride, chlorosulfonic acid, perchloric acid,permanganates, xylene, oleum, potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, phosphorus isocyanate, ethylenediamine, ethyleneimine.
Special Remarks on Corrosivity: Moderate corrosive effect on bronze. No corrosion data on brass
Polymerization: Will not occur.
Section 11: Toxicological Information
Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Dermal contact. Eye contact. Inhalation. Ingestion.
Toxicity to Animals:WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE. Acute oraltoxicity (LD50): 3310 mg/kg [Rat]. Acute dermal toxicity (LD50): 1060 mg/kg [Rabbit]. Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50): 56201 hours [Mouse].
Chronic Effects on Humans:MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Mutagenic for mammalian somatic cells. Mutagenic for bacteria and/or yeast. May cause damage tothe following organs: kidneys, mucous membranes, skin, teeth.
Other Toxic Effects on Humans:Extremely hazardous in case of inhalation (lung corrosive). Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion, .Hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, permeator), of eye contact (corrosive).
Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Not available.
Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: May affect genetic material and may cause reproductive effects based onanimal data. No human data found.
Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: Extremely irritating and corrosive. Causes skin irritation (reddening and itching,inflammation). May cause blistering , tissue damage and burns. Eyes: Extremely irritating and corrosive. Causes eye irritation,lacrimation, redness, and pain. May cause burns, blurred vision, conjunctivitis, conjunctival and corneal destruction andpermanent injury. Inhalation: Causes severe respiratory tract irritation. Affects the sense organs (nose, ear, eye, taste),and blood. May cause chemical pneumonitis, bronchitis, and pulmonary edema. Severe exposure may result in lung tissuedamage and corrosion (ulceration) of the mucous membranes. Inhalation may also cause rhinitis, sneezing, coughing,oppressive feeling in the chest or chest pain, dyspnea, wheezing, tachypnea, cyanosis, salivation, nausea, giddiness,muscular weakness. Ingestion: Moderately toxic. Corrosive. Causes gastrointestinal tract irritation (burning and pain of themouth, throat, and abdomen, coughing, ulceration, bleeding, nausea, abdomial spasms, vomiting, hematemesis, diarrhea.May Also affect the liver (impaired liver function), behavior (convulsions, giddines, muscular weakness), and the urinarysystem - kidneys (Hematuria, Albuminuria, Nephrosis, acute renal failure, acute tubular necrosis). May also cause dyspneaor asphyxia. May also lead to shock, coma and death. Chronic Potential Health Effects: Chronic exposure via ingestion maycause blackening or erosion of the teeth and jaw necrosis, pharyngitis, and gastritis. It may also behavior (similar to acuteingestion), and metabolism (weight loss). Chronic exposure via inhalation may cause asthma and/or bronchitis with cough,phlegm, and/or shortness of breath . It may also affect the blood (decreased leukocyte count), and urinary system (kidneys).Repeated or prolonged skin contact may cause thickening, blackening, and cracking of the skin.
Section 12: Ecological Information
Ecotoxicity:Ecotoxicity in water (LC50): 423 mg/l 24 hours [Fish (Goldfish)]. 88 ppm 96 hours [Fish (fathead minnow)]. 75 ppm 96 hours[Fish (bluegill sunfish)]. >100 ppm 96 hours [Daphnia].
BOD5 and COD: BOD-5: 0.34-0.88 g oxygen/g
Products of Biodegradation:Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise.
Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are less toxic than the product itself.
Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation: Not available.
Section 13: Disposal Considerations
Waste Disposal:Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations.
Section 14: Transport Information
DOT Classification:
CLASS 3: Flammable liquid. Class 8: Corrosive material
Identification: : Acetic Acid, Glacial UNNA: 2789 PG: II
Special Provisions for Transport: Not available.
Section 15: Other Regulatory Information
Federal and State Regulations:New York release reporting list: Acetic acid Rhode Island RTK hazardous substances: Acetic acid Pennsylvania RTK: Aceticacid Florida: Acetic acid Minnesota: Acetic acid Massachusetts RTK: Acetic acid New Jersey: Acetic acid California Director'sList of Hazardous Subtances (8 CCR 339): Acetic acid TSCA 8(b) inventory: Acetic acid CERCLA: Hazardous substances.:Acetic acid: 5000 lbs. (2268 kg)
Other Regulations:OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). EINECS: This product is on theEuropean Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.
Other Classifications:
WHMIS (Canada):CLASS B-3: Combustible liquid with a flash point between 37.8°C (100°F) and 93.3°C (200°F). CLASS E: Corrosive liquid.
DSCL (EEC):R10- Flammable. R35- Causes severe burns. S23- Do not breathe gas/fumes/vapour/spray [***] S26- In case of contact witheyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S45- In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seekmedical advice immediately (show the label where possible).
HMIS (U.S.A.):
Health Hazard: 3
Fire Hazard: 2
Reactivity: 0
Personal Protection: H
National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.):
Health: 3
Flammability: 2
Reactivity: 0
Specific hazard:
Protective Equipment:Gloves (impervious). Synthetic apron. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wearappropriate respirator when ventilation is inadequate. Splash goggles.
Section 16: Other Information
References: Not available.
Other Special Considerations: Not available.
Created: 10/09/2005 03:35 PM
Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM
The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, wemake no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assume
no liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information fortheir particular purposes. In no event shall ScienceLab.com be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or forlost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if ScienceLab.comhas been advised of the possibility of such damages.
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Material Safety Data SheetAcetic anhydride MSDS
Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification
Product Name: Acetic anhydride
Catalog Codes: SLA1693
CAS#: 108-24-7
RTECS: AK1925000
TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Acetic anhydride
CI#: Not available.
Synonym:
Chemical Formula: (CH3CO)2)
Contact Information:
Sciencelab.com, Inc.14025 Smith Rd.Houston, Texas 77396
US Sales: 1-800-901-7247International Sales: 1-281-441-4400
Order Online: ScienceLab.com
CHEMTREC (24HR Emergency Telephone), call:1-800-424-9300
International CHEMTREC, call: 1-703-527-3887
For non-emergency assistance, call: 1-281-441-4400
Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients
Composition:
Name CAS # % by Weight
Acetic anhydride 108-24-7 100
Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Acetic anhydride: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 1780 mg/kg [Rat]. DERMAL (LD50): Acute: 4000mg/kg [Rabbit].
Section 3: Hazards Identification
Potential Acute Health Effects:Extremely hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Very hazardous incase of skin contact (corrosive). Hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator). Liquid or spray mist may produce tissuedamage particularly on mucous membranes of eyes, mouth and respiratory tract. Skin contact may produce burns. Inhalationof the spray mist may produce severe irritation of respiratory tract, characterized by coughing, choking, or shortness of breath.Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skin inflammation is characterized by itching,scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.
Potential Chronic Health Effects:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance is toxic to lungs, mucous membranes. Repeated or prolongedexposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Repeated or prolonged contact with spray mist may producechronic eye irritation and severe skin irritation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to spray mist may produce respiratory tractirritation leading to frequent attacks of bronchial infection.
Section 4: First Aid Measures
Eye Contact:Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15minutes. Get medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact:In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothingand shoes. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Getmedical attention immediately.
Serious Skin Contact:Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medicalattention.
Inhalation:If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medicalattention immediately.
Serious Inhalation:Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Ifbreathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. WARNING: It maybe hazardous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when the inhaled material is toxic, infectious orcorrosive. Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion:Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconsciousperson. If large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar,tie, belt or waistband.
Serious Ingestion: Not available.
Section 5: Fire and Explosion Data
Flammability of the Product: Flammable.
Auto-Ignition Temperature: 316°C (600.8°F)
Flash Points: CLOSED CUP: 49°C (120.2°F). OPEN CUP: 51°C (123.8°F).
Flammable Limits: LOWER: 2.7% UPPER: 10.3%
Products of Combustion: These products are carbon oxides (CO, CO2).
Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Flammable in presence of heat.
Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the product inpresence of static discharge: Not available.
Fire Fighting Media and Instructions:Flammable liquid. SMALL FIRE: Use DRY chemical powder. LARGE FIRE: Use alcohol foam, water spray or fog. Coolcontaining vessels with water jet in order to prevent pressure build-up, autoignition or explosion.
Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: Not available.
Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards: Not available.
Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
Small Spill: Absorb with an inert material and put the spilled material in an appropriate waste disposal.
Large Spill:Flammable liquid. Corrosive liquid. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Stop leak if without risk. Absorbwith DRY earth, sand or other non-combustible material. Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilled material.Use water spray curtain to divert vapor drift. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Callfor assistance on disposal. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on theMSDS and with local authorities.
Section 7: Handling and Storage
Precautions:Keep container dry. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Ground all equipment containing material.Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Never add water to this product. In case of insufficient ventilation,wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and show the container or the label. Avoidcontact with skin and eyes.
Storage:Store in a segregated and approved area. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area. Keep container tightly closed andsealed until ready for use. Avoid all possible sources of ignition (spark or flame).
Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Engineering Controls:Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their respectivethreshold limit value. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to the work-station location.
Personal Protection:Face shield. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves. Boots.
Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill:Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoidinhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling thisproduct.
Exposure Limits:TWA: 5 TWA: 20 Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.
Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical state and appearance: Liquid.
Odor: Strong.
Taste: Strong.
Molecular Weight: 102.09 g/mole
Color: Light.
pH (1% soln/water): Not available.
Boiling Point: 139.9°C (283.8°F)
Melting Point: -73.1 (-99.6°F)
Critical Temperature: Not available.
Specific Gravity: 1.08 (Water = 1)
Vapor Pressure: 0.5 kPa (@ 20°C)
Vapor Density: 3.52 (Air = 1)
Volatility: Not available.
Odor Threshold: 0.1 ppm
Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: Not available.
Ionicity (in Water): Not available.
Dispersion Properties: Not available.
Solubility: Not available.
Section 10: Stability and Reactivity Data
Stability: The product is stable.
Instability Temperature: Not available.
Conditions of Instability: Not available.
Incompatibility with various substances: Not available.
Corrosivity: Not available.
Special Remarks on Reactivity: Not available.
Special Remarks on Corrosivity: Not available.
Polymerization: Will not occur.
Section 11: Toxicological Information
Routes of Entry: Dermal contact. Eye contact. Inhalation. Ingestion.
Toxicity to Animals:WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE. Acute oraltoxicity (LD50): 1780 mg/kg [Rat]. Acute dermal toxicity (LD50): 4000 mg/kg [Rabbit]. Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50): 10004 hours [Rat].
Chronic Effects on Humans: Causes damage to the following organs: lungs, mucous membranes.
Other Toxic Effects on Humans:Extremely hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion, . Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive).Hazardous in case of skin contact (permeator), of eye contact (corrosive), of inhalation (lung corrosive).
Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Not available.
Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: Not available.
Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans: Not available.
Section 12: Ecological Information
Ecotoxicity: Not available.
BOD5 and COD: Not available.
Products of Biodegradation:Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise.
Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are less toxic than the product itself.
Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation: Not available.
Section 13: Disposal Considerations
Waste Disposal:
Section 14: Transport Information
DOT Classification: Class 8: Corrosive material
Identification: : Acetic Anhydride UNNA: UN1715 PG: II
Special Provisions for Transport: Not available.
Section 15: Other Regulatory Information
Federal and State Regulations:Pennsylvania RTK: Acetic anhydride Massachusetts RTK: Acetic anhydride TSCA 8(b) inventory: Acetic anhydride CERCLA:Hazardous substances.: Acetic anhydride
Other Regulations: OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200).
Other Classifications:
WHMIS (Canada):CLASS B-3: Combustible liquid with a flash point between 37.8°C (100°F) and 93.3°C (200°F). CLASS E: Corrosive liquid.
DSCL (EEC):R10- Flammable. R20/22- Harmful by inhalation and if swallowed. R34- Causes burns.
HMIS (U.S.A.):
Health Hazard: 3
Fire Hazard: 2
Reactivity: 0
Personal Protection:
National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.):
Health: 3
Flammability: 2
Reactivity: 1
Specific hazard:
Protective Equipment:Gloves. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respiratorwhen ventilation is inadequate. Face shield.
Section 16: Other Information
References: Not available.
Other Special Considerations: Not available.
Created: 10/10/2005 08:13 PM
Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM
The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, wemake no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assume
no liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information fortheir particular purposes. In no event shall ScienceLab.com be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or forlost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if ScienceLab.comhas been advised of the possibility of such damages.
MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET
SECTION 1 CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
SUBSTANCE: CHLORINE TRADE NAMES/SYNONYMS: MTG MSDS 22; CHLORINE MOLECULAR; DIATOMIC CHLORINE; DICHLORINE; MOLECULAR CHLORINE; UN 1017; Cl2; MAT04600; RTECS FO2100000 CHEMICAL FAMILY: halogens, gas CREATION DATE: Jan 24 1989 REVISION DATE: Dec 16 2002
SECTION 2 COMPOSITION, INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
COMPONENT: CHLORINE CAS NUMBER: 7782-50-5 PERCENTAGE: 100.0
SECTION 3 HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
NFPA RATINGS (SCALE 0-4): HEALTH=4 FIRE=0 REACTIVITY=0 EMERGENCY OVERVIEW: COLOR: yellow or green PHYSICAL FORM: gas ODOR: distinct odor, irritating odor MAJOR HEALTH HAZARDS: harmful if inhaled, respiratory tract burns, skin burns, eye burns PHYSICAL HAZARDS: Containers may rupture or explode if exposed to heat. May ignite combustibles. POTENTIAL HEALTH EFFECTS: INHALATION: SHORT TERM EXPOSURE: burns, chest pain, difficulty breathing, headache, dizziness, hyperactivity, emotional disturbances, bluish skin color, lung damage, death LONG TERM EXPOSURE: burns, skin disorders, lack of sense of smell, lung damage SKIN CONTACT: SHORT TERM EXPOSURE: burns LONG TERM EXPOSURE: burns EYE CONTACT:
MATHESON TRI-GAS, INC. EMERGENCY CONTACT:959 ROUTE 46 EAST CHEMTREC 1-800-424-9300PARSIPPANY, NEW JERSEY 07054-0624 INFORMATION CONTACT:
973-257-1100
SHORT TERM EXPOSURE: burns LONG TERM EXPOSURE: burns INGESTION: SHORT TERM EXPOSURE: ingestion of harmful amounts is unlikely LONG TERM EXPOSURE: ingestion of harmful amounts is unlikely
SECTION 4 FIRST AID MEASURES
INHALATION: If adverse effects occur, remove to uncontaminated area. Give artificial respiration if not breathing. If breathing is difficult, oxygen should be administered by qualified personnel. Get immediate medical attention. SKIN CONTACT: Wash skin with soap and water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes. Get immediate medical attention. Thoroughly clean and dry contaminated clothing and shoes before reuse. Destroy contaminated shoes. EYE CONTACT: Immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Then get immediate medical attention. INGESTION: Contact local poison control center or physician immediately. Never make an unconscious person vomit or drink fluids. Give large amounts of water or milk. Allow vomiting to occur. When vomiting occurs, keep head lower than hips to help prevent aspiration. If person is unconscious, turn head to side. Get medical attention immediately. NOTE TO PHYSICIAN: For inhalation, consider oxygen. Avoid gastric lavage or emesis.
SECTION 5 FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
FIRE AND EXPLOSION HAZARDS: Negligible fire hazard. Oxidizer. May ignite or explode on contact with combustible materials. EXTINGUISHING MEDIA: water Do not use dry chemicals, carbon dioxide or halogenated extinguishing agents. Large fires: Flood with fine water spray. FIRE FIGHTING: Move container from fire area if it can be done without risk. Cool containers with water spray until well after the fire is out. Stay away from the ends of tanks. For fires in cargo or storage area: If this is impossible then take the following precautions: Keep unnecessary people away, isolate hazard area and deny entry. Let the fire burn. For small fires, contain and let burn. Use extinguishing agents appropriate for surrounding fire. Cool containers with water spray until well after the fire is out. Apply water from a protected location or from a safe distance. Avoid inhalation of material or combustion by-products. Stay upwind and keep out of low areas. Evacuation radius: 800 meters (1/2 mile).
SECTION 6 ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
AIR RELEASE: Reduce vapors with water spray. Collect runoff for disposal as potential hazardous waste.
SOIL RELEASE: Dig holding area such as lagoon, pond or pit for containment. Dike for later disposal. Trap spilled material at bottom in deep water pockets, excavated holding areas or within sand bag barriers. Absorb with sand or other non-combustible material. Add an alkaline material (lime, crushed limestone, sodium bicarbonate, or soda ash). WATER RELEASE: Add an alkaline material (lime, crushed limestone, sodium bicarbonate, or soda ash). Absorb with activated carbon. Collect spilled material using mechanical equipment. OCCUPATIONAL RELEASE: Stop leak if possible without personal risk. Avoid contact with combustible materials. Keep unnecessary people away, isolate hazard area and deny entry. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. Notify Local Emergency Planning Committee and State Emergency Response Commission for release greater than or equal to RQ (U.S. SARA Section 304). If release occurs in the U.S. and is reportable under CERCLA Section 103, notify the National Response Center at (800)424-8802 (USA) or (202)426-2675 (USA).
SECTION 7 HANDLING AND STORAGE
STORAGE: Store and handle in accordance with all current regulations and standards. Protect from physical damage. Keep separated from incompatible substances. Store outside or in a detached building. Notify State Emergency Response Commission for storage or use at amounts greater than or equal to the TPQ (U.S. EPA SARA Section 302). SARA Section 303 requires facilities storing a material with a TPQ to participate in local emergency response planning (U.S. EPA 40 CFR 355.30).
SECTION 8 EXPOSURE CONTROLS, PERSONAL PROTECTION
EXPOSURE LIMITS: CHLORINE: 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) OSHA ceiling 0.5 ppm (1.5 mg/m3) OSHA TWA (vacated by 58 FR 35338, June 30, 1993) 1 ppm (3 mg/m3) OSHA STEL (vacated by 58 FR 35338, June 30, 1993) 0.5 ppm ACGIH TWA 1 ppm ACGIH STEL 0.5 ppm (1.45 mg/m3) NIOSH recommended ceiling 15 minute(s) VENTILATION: Provide local exhaust or process enclosure ventilation system. Ensure compliance with applicable exposure limits. EYE PROTECTION: Wear splash resistant safety goggles with a faceshield. Provide an emergency eye wash fountain and quick drench shower in the immediate work area. CLOTHING: Wear appropriate chemical resistant clothing. GLOVES: Wear appropriate chemical resistant gloves. RESPIRATOR: The following respirators and maximum use concentrations are drawn from NIOSH and/or OSHA.
5 ppm Any chemical cartridge respirator with cartridge(s) providing protection against this substance. Any supplied-air respirator. 10 ppm Any supplied-air respirator operated in a continuous-flow mode. Any powered, air-purifying respirator with cartridge(s) providing protection against this substance. Any chemical cartridge respirator with a full facepiece and cartridge(s) providing protection against this substance. Any air-purifying respirator with a full facepiece and a canister providing protection against this substance. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece. Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece. Escape - Any air-purifying respirator with a full facepiece and a canister providing protection against this substance. Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus. For Unknown Concentrations or Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health - Any supplied-air respirator with full facepiece and operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode in combination with a separate escape supply. Any self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece.
SECTION 9 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL STATE: gas COLOR: yellow or green ODOR: distinct odor, irritating odor MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 70.906 MOLECULAR FORMULA: Cl2 BOILING POINT: -31 F (-35 C) FREEZING POINT: -150 F (-101 C) VAPOR PRESSURE: 5168 mmHg @ 21 C VAPOR DENSITY (air=1): 2.49 SPECIFIC GRAVITY: Not applicable DENSITY: 3.214 g/L @ 0 C WATER SOLUBILITY: 1.46% @ 0 C PH: Not applicable VOLATILITY: Not applicable ODOR THRESHOLD: 0.01 ppm EVAPORATION RATE: Not applicable VISCOSITY: 0.01327 cP @ 20 C COEFFICIENT OF WATER/OIL DISTRIBUTION: Not applicable SOLVENT SOLUBILITY: Soluble: alkali
SECTION 10 STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
REACTIVITY: Stable at normal temperatures and pressure. CONDITIONS TO AVOID: Avoid contact with combustible materials. Minimize contact with material. Avoid inhalation of material or combustion by-products. Keep out of water supplies and sewers.
INCOMPATIBILITIES: combustible materials, bases, metals, halogens, metal salts, reducing agents, amines, metal carbide, metal oxides, oxidizing materials, halo carbons, acids HAZARDOUS DECOMPOSITION: Thermal decomposition products: chlorine POLYMERIZATION: Will not polymerize.
SECTION 11 TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
CHLORINE: TOXICITY DATA: 293 ppm/1 hour(s) inhalation-rat LC50 CARCINOGEN STATUS: ACGIH: A4 -Not Classifiable as a Human Carcinogen LOCAL EFFECTS: Corrosive: inhalation, skin, eye ACUTE TOXICITY LEVEL: Toxic: inhalation MEDICAL CONDITIONS AGGRAVATED BY EXPOSURE: heart problems TUMORIGENIC DATA: Available. MUTAGENIC DATA: Available. REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS DATA: Available.
SECTION 12 ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
ECOTOXICITY DATA: FISH TOXICITY: 390 ug/L 96 hour(s) LC50 (Mortality) Orangethroat darter (Etheostoma spectabile) INVERTEBRATE TOXICITY: 637.5 ug/L 1 hour(s) LC50 (Mortality) Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) ALGAL TOXICITY: 50-1000 ug/L 23 hour(s) (Population) Algae,phytoplankton,algal mat (Algae) PHYTOTOXICITY: 20 ug/L 96 day(s) (Growth) Water-milfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum)
SECTION 13 DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
Subject to disposal regulations: U.S. EPA 40 CFR 262. Hazardous Waste Number(s): D001. Dispose in accordance with all applicable regulations.
SECTION 14 TRANSPORT INFORMATION
U.S. DOT 49 CFR 172.101: PROPER SHIPPING NAME: Chlorine ID NUMBER: UN1017 HAZARD CLASS OR DIVISION: 2.3 LABELING REQUIREMENTS: 2.3; 8 ADDITIONAL SHIPPING DESCRIPTION: Toxic-Inhalation Hazard Zone B
CANADIAN TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS: SHIPPING NAME: Chlorine ID NUMBER: UN1017 CLASSIFICATION: 2.3, 8
SECTION 15 REGULATORY INFORMATION
U.S. REGULATIONS: CERCLA SECTIONS 102a/103 HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (40 CFR 302.4): CHLORINE: 10 LBS RQ SARA TITLE III SECTION 302 EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (40 CFR 355.30): CHLORINE: 100 LBS TPQ SARA TITLE III SECTION 304 EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES (40 CFR 355.40): CHLORINE: 10 LBS RQ SARA TITLE III SARA SECTIONS 311/312 HAZARDOUS CATEGORIES (40 CFR 370.21): ACUTE: Yes CHRONIC: No FIRE: No REACTIVE: No SUDDEN RELEASE: Yes SARA TITLE III SECTION 313 (40 CFR 372.65): CHLORINE OSHA PROCESS SAFETY (29CFR1910.119): CHLORINE: 1500 LBS TQ STATE REGULATIONS: California Proposition 65: Not regulated. CANADIAN REGULATIONS: WHMIS CLASSIFICATION: ACD1E NATIONAL INVENTORY STATUS: U.S. INVENTORY (TSCA): Listed on inventory. TSCA 12(b) EXPORT NOTIFICATION: Not listed. CANADA INVENTORY (DSL/NDSL): Not determined.
SECTION 16 OTHER INFORMATION
MSDS SUMMARY OF CHANGES SECTION 15 REGULATORY INFORMATION
©Copyright 1984-2002 MDL Information Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. MATHESON TRI-GAS, INC. MAKES NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, GUARANTEES OR REPRESENTATIONS REGARDING THE PRODUCT OR THE INFORMATION HEREIN, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR USE. MATHESON TRI-GAS, INC. SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY PERSONAL INJURY, PROPERTY OR OTHER DAMAGES OF ANY NATURE, WHETHER COMPENSATORY, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR OTHERWISE, RESULTING FROM ANY PUBLICATION, USE OR RELIANCE UPON THE INFORMATION HEREIN.
CAS# 10025-67-9
Code AC-8748P
Formula weight
Supersedes
135.03
SULFUR MONOCHLORIDE
S2Cl2
Disulfur dichloride, Sulfursub chloride, Thiosulfurousdichloride, AC-8748P, 88320
For laboratory use only.
Anachemia Science.500 - 2nd Ave.Ville St. Pierre (Montreal), QueH8R 1M3
Section II. Ingredients
Material Safety Data Sheet
Synonyms
Chemical formula
Material uses
WHMIS Protective Clothing TDG Road/Rail
Section I. Product Identification and Uses
Not available.
Supplier
CI#Product name
PIN: UN1828 PG: I
WHMIS CLASS: E D-1B F TDG CLASS: 8
1) SULFUR MONOCHLORIDE 10025-67-9 98 Exposure limits: ACGIH Ceiling 1 ppm(6 mg/m3)
SULFUR MONOCHLORIDE: ORAL (LD50): Acute: 132 mg/kg (Rat). VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 150 ppm (Mouse).
Toxicity values of thehazardous ingredients
Name CAS # %
EMERGENCY NUMBERS:
(USA) CHEMTREC : 1(800) 424-9300 (24hrs)(CAN) CANUTEC : 1(613) 996-6666 (24hrs)(USA) Anachemia : 1(518) 297-4444(CAN) Anachemia : 1(514) 489-5711
TLV
Section V. Toxicological Properties
May be fatal by ingestion, inhalation, or by skin absorption. Severe lachrymator. Target organs: eyes, skin,respiratory system, lungs. 5 ppm (SULFUR MONOCHLORIDE) is immediately dangerous to life or health.
Section III. Physical DataPhysical state andappearance / Odor
Percent volatile
pH (1% soln/water)
Freezing point
Boiling point
Vapor pressure
Odor threshold
Specific gravity
Vapor density
Water/oil dist. coeff.
Evaporation rate
Solubility
Not available.
Not applicable.
-80°C
138°C
1.688 (Water = 1)
4.7 (Air = 1)
6.8 (44) mm of Hg @ 20°C (55°C)
Not available.
Not available.
Decomposes in water.
Not available.
Unpleasant odor. Clear liquid.
SULFUR MONOCHLORIDE page 2/4
Auto-ignition temperature
Fire degradationproducts
Flash point
Fire extinguishingprocedures
Flammable limits
Fire and ExplosionHazards
232°C
CLOSED CUP: >94°C
Not available.
Use dry chemical powder. DO NOT use water. Wear adequate personal protection to prevent contact with materialor its combustion products. Self contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in a pressure demandor other positive pressure mode.
Flammable/explosive hydrogen gas may be formed upon contact of this product with metals in the presence ofmoisture. Container explosion may occur under fire conditions or when heated. Reacts violently with water. Emitstoxic fumes under fire conditions.
Section IV. Fire and Explosion Data
Effects of AcuteExposure
Routes of entry Ingestion and inhalation. Eye contact. Skin contact.
Ingestion
Inhalation
Skin
Eye Causes severe burns and loss of vision. May cause permanent damage.
Causes severe burns.
Material is extremely destructive to tissue of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Inhalation may befatal as a result of spasm, inflammation and edema of the larynx and bronchi, chemical pneumonitis and pulmonaryedema. Symptoms of exposure may include burning sensation, coughing, laryngitis, dyspnea, headache, nausea, andvomiting.
Burns in mouth, pharynx and gastrointestinal tract. See inhalation.
Hydrogen chloride. Hydrogen sulfide. Oxides of sulfur (SO2, SO3 ...).
Section VI. First Aid Measures
Section V. Toxicological Properties
Evolves hydrochloric acid, thiosulfuric acid, and sulfur in presence of moisture. Hazardous polymerization will notoccur.
If conscious, wash out mouth with water. Seek immediate medical attention. Never give anything by mouth to anunconscious person.
Hazardous decomp.products
Stability
Incompatibility
Stable. Conditions to avoid: High temperatures, sparks, open flames and all other sources of ignition,contamination.
Hydrogen chloride, sulfur oxides (SO2, SO3...), hydrogen sulfide. Readily hydrolyzed by moisture.
Reacts violently with water, acids, alcohols, bases, peroxides, amines, antimony, antimony sulfide, arsenic sulfide,chromyl chloride, sodium peroxide, phosphorus oxides, alkenes, terpenes, unsaturated glycerides, mercury oxide,acetone, aluminum, dimethylsulfoxide, tin, dimethylformamide. Organic materials, metals. May attack some formsof plastics, rubbers and coatings.
Section VII. Reactivity Data
Reaction Products
SULFUR MONOCHLORIDE page 3/4
IMMEDIATELY flush eyes with copious quantities of water for at least 15 minutes holding lids apart to ensure flushingof the entire surface. Seek immediate medical attention.
Remove patient to fresh air. Administer approved oxygen supply if breathing is difficult. Administer artificial respirationor CPR if breathing has ceased. Seek immediate medical attention.
Eye contact
Skin contact
Inhalation
Ingestion
Immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothing and shoes.Seek immediate medical attention. Wash contaminated clothing before reusing. Discard contaminated leatherarticles such as shoes and belt.
Effects of ChronicOverexposure
Repeated inhalation can produce varying degree of respiratory irritation or lung damage. To the best of our knowledge,the chemical, physical, and toxicity of this substance has not been fully investigated.
While the company believes the data set forth herein are accurate as of the date hereof, the company makes no warranty with respect theretoand expressly disclaims all liability for reliance thereon. Such data are offered solely for your consideration, investigation and verification.
Section X. Other Information
Waste disposal
Storage and Handling
Spill and leak
Protective Clothing incase of spill and leak
For small quantities: CAUTIOUSLY add to a large stirred excess of water. Adjust the pH to neutral, separate anyinsoluble solids or liquids and package them for hazardous-waste disposal. Flush the aqueous solution down thedrain with plenty of water. The hydrolysis and neutralization reactions may generate heat and fumes which can becontrolled by rate of addition. According to all applicable regulations.
Evacuate the area. Absorb on sand or vermiculite and place in a closed container for disposal. Ventilate area andwash spill site after material pick up is complete. DO NOT empty into drains. DO NOT touch spilled material.
Wear self-contained breathing apparatus, rubber boots and heavy rubber gloves. Full suit.
Store in a cool place away from heated areas, sparks, and flame. Store in a well ventilated area. Store away fromincompatible materials. Do not add any other material to the container. Do not wash down the drain. Do not breathegas/fumes/vapor/spray. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. Keep away from directsunlight or strong incandescent light. Keep container tightly closed and dry. Keep under inert atmosphere. Store undernitrogen. Manipulate under an adequate fume hood. Empty containers may contain a hazardous residue. Handle andopen container with care. Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Never add water to this product. Thisproduct must be manipulated by qualified personnel. Do not get in eyes, on skin, or on clothing. Wash well after use. Inaccordance with good storage and handling practices. Do not allow smoking and food consumption while handling.After handling, always wash hands thoroughly with soap and water.
Section VIII. Preventive Measures page 4/4SULFUR MONOCHLORIDE
Face shield and splash goggles. Impervious gloves, apron, coveralls, and/or other resistant protective clothing. Sufficient to protectskin. A OSHA/MSHA jointly approved respirator is advised in the absence of proper environmental controls. If more than TLV, do notbreathe vapor. Wear self-contained breathing apparatus. Do not wear contact lenses. Make eye bath and emergency showeravailable.
Section IX. Protective Measures
Engineering controls Use only in a chemical fume hood to keep airborne levels below recommended exposure limits.
Protective clothing
Prepared by MSDS Department/Département de F.S.. Validated 06-May-2013
EMERGENCY NUMBERS:(USA) CHEMTREC :1(800) 424-9300 (24hrs)(CAN) CANUTEC :1(613) 996-6666 (24hrs)(USA) Anachemia :1(518) 297-4444(CAN) Anachemia :1(514) 489-5711
Corrosive! Highly toxic! Dangerously reactive material! Lachrymator. Causes severeburns! Do not breathe vapor. Avoid all contact with the product. Avoid prolonged orrepeated exposure. Use only in a chemical fume hood. Handle and open container withcare. Never add water to this product. Reacts violently with water.RTECS NO: WS4300000 (Sulfur monochloride).
Special Precautions orcomments
41
W2
NFPA
0 4 2
He a lt h
Fire
Re a c t iv it y
Pe rs o n a lPro t e c t io n
3
0
2
Material Safety Data SheetThionyl chloride MSDS
Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification
Product Name: Thionyl chloride
Catalog Codes:
CAS#: 7719-09-7
RTECS: XM5150000
TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Thionyl chloride
CI#: Not available.
Synonym: Sulfurous oxychloride; Sulfinyl chloride; Sulfurchloride oxide; Sulfurous dichloride; Thionyl dichloride
Chemical Name: Thionyl chloride
Chemical Formula: Cl2OS
Contact Information:
Sciencelab.com, Inc.14025 Smith Rd.Houston, Texas 77396
US Sales: 1-800-901-7247International Sales: 1-281-441-4400
Order Online: ScienceLab.com
CHEMTREC (24HR Emergency Telephone), call:1-800-424-9300
International CHEMTREC, call: 1-703-527-3887
For non-emergency assistance, call: 1-281-441-4400
Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients
Composition:
Name CAS # % by Weight
Thionyl chloride 7719-09-7 100
Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Thionyl chloride: VAPOR (LC50): Acute: 500 ppm 1 hours [Rat].
Section 3: Hazards Identification
Potential Acute Health Effects:Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of eye contact (irritant), of ingestion, of inhalation. Hazardous in case ofskin contact (corrosive, permeator), of eye contact (corrosive). Liquid or spray mist may produce tissue damage particularlyon mucous membranes of eyes, mouth and respiratory tract. Skin contact may produce burns. Inhalation of the spray mistmay produce severe irritation of respiratory tract, characterized by coughing, choking, or shortness of breath. Severe over-exposure can result in death. Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skin inflammation ischaracterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.
Potential Chronic Health Effects:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic to upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes. Repeatedor prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target organs damage. Repeated or prolonged contact with spray mistmay produce chronic eye irritation and severe skin irritation. Repeated or prolonged exposure to spray mist may producerespiratory tract irritation leading to frequent attacks of bronchial infection. Repeated exposure to a highly toxic material mayproduce general deterioration of health by an accumulation in one or many human organs.
Section 4: First Aid Measures
Eye Contact:Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15minutes. Get medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact:In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothingand shoes. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly clean shoes before reuse. Getmedical attention immediately.
Serious Skin Contact:Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medicalattention.
Inhalation:If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medicalattention immediately.
Serious Inhalation:Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Ifbreathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. WARNING: It maybe hazardous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when the inhaled material is toxic, infectious orcorrosive. Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion:Do NOT induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to an unconsciousperson. If large quantities of this material are swallowed, call a physician immediately. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar,tie, belt or waistband.
Serious Ingestion: Not available.
Section 5: Fire and Explosion Data
Flammability of the Product: Non-flammable.
Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not applicable.
Flash Points: Not applicable.
Flammable Limits: Not applicable.
Products of Combustion: Not available.
Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Not applicable.
Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances:Risks of explosion of the product in presence of mechanical impact: Not available. Risks of explosion of the product inpresence of static discharge: Not available.
Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Not applicable.
Special Remarks on Fire Hazards: When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes.
Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:I t w i l l e x p l o d e i n t h e p r e s e n c e o f s e v e r a l c h e m i c a l s : A z i d o a c e t y l a c i d , C h l o r y l p e r c h lo r a t e , N,N-Dimethylformamide, Dimethyl sulfoxide and acyl halides, Hexafluoropropyplideneaminolithium, Linseed oil +quinoline, o-Nitrobenzoylacetic acid, p-Nitrobenzoyl and cold ammonia solution, o-Nitrophenylacetic acid; Sodium hydroxide,Sulfur dioxide, Toluene + ethanol+ water, water.
Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
Small Spill: Absorb with an inert material and put the spilled material in an appropriate waste disposal.
Large Spill:Corrosive liquid. Poisonous liquid. Stop leak if without risk. Absorb with DRY earth, sand or other non-combustible material.Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray curtain to divert vapor drift. Use water sprayto reduce vapors. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Call for assistance on disposal. Becareful that the product is not present at a concentration level above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.
Section 7: Handling and Storage
Precautions:Keep container dry. Keep away from heat. Keep away from sources of ignition. Keep away from direct sunlight or strongincandescent light. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Never add water to this product. Avoid shock andfriction. In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediatelyand show the container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as metals, acids,alkalis, moisture.
Storage: Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area.
Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Engineering Controls:Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their respectivethreshold limit value. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to the work-station location.
Personal Protection:Face shield. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves. Boots.
Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill:Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoidinhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling thisproduct.
Exposure Limits:CEIL: 1 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] CEIL: 1 from ACGIH (TLV) [United States] CEIL: 1 (ppm) from NIOSH [UnitedStates] TWA: 1 (ppm) [Denmark] STEL: 1 (ppm) [Belgium] STEL: 1 (ppm) [United Kingdom (UK)] Consult local authorities foracceptable exposure limits.
Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical state and appearance: Liquid. (Fuming liquid.)
Odor: Suffocating.
Taste: Not available.
Molecular Weight: 118.98 g/mole
Color: Colorless to light yellow.
pH (1% soln/water): Not applicable.
Boiling Point: 76°C (168.8°F)
Melting Point:-104.5°C (-156.1°F) Decomposition temperature: >140 deg. C
Critical Temperature: Not available.
Specific Gravity: 1.638 (Water = 1)
Vapor Pressure: 13.3 kPa (@ 21°C)
Vapor Density: 4.1 (Air = 1)
Volatility: Not available.
Odor Threshold: Not available.
Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: Not available.
Ionicity (in Water): Not available.
Dispersion Properties: Not available.
Solubility:Insoluble in cold water. Miscible with chloroform, benzene, carbon tetrachloride
Section 10: Stability and Reactivity Data
Stability: The product is stable.
Instability Temperature: Not available.
Conditions of Instability: Incompatible materials, moisture/moist air, temperatures above 140 deg. C
Incompatibility with various substances:Reactive with metals, acids, alkalis, moisture. The product may undergo hazardous decomposition, condensation orpolymerization, it may react violently with water to emit toxic gases or it may become self-reactive under conditions of shock orincrease in temperature or pressure.
Corrosivity: Non-corrosive in presence of glass.
Special Remarks on Reactivity:Thionyl chloride fumes on exposure to moist air. In the presence of moisture/water it decomposes and liberates toxic gasesof hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide. Decomposes when heated above 140 deg. C forming chlorine, sulfur dioxide, sulfurmonochloride, hydrogen chloride. Thionyl chloride decomposes in acids, alcohols, alkalies. It is also incompatible with amines,ammonia, chloryl perchlorate, dimethyl sulfoxide, hexafluoro isopropylidene amino lithium, linseed oil, quinoline, sodium,sulfinyl chloride, N,N-Dimethylformamide, metals. It reacts with Grignard reagents to form suloxides.
Special Remarks on Corrosivity: Not available.
Polymerization: Will not occur.
Section 11: Toxicological Information
Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Dermal contact. Eye contact. Inhalation. Ingestion.
Toxicity to Animals:WARNING: THE LC50 VALUES HEREUNDER ARE ESTIMATED ON THE BASIS OF A 4-HOUR EXPOSURE. Acute toxicityof the vapor (LC50): 500 1 hours [Rat].
Chronic Effects on Humans: May cause damage to the following organs: upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes.
Other Toxic Effects on Humans:Extremely hazardous in case of inhalation (lung corrosive). Very hazardous in case of skin contact (irritant), of ingestion, .Hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, permeator), of eye contact (corrosive).
Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals: Not available.
Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans: Not available.
Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: Corrosive. Causes skin burns. May be absorbed through skin in harmful amounts. Eyes:Corrosive. Causes eye burns. Lachrymator. May cause conjunctivitis, corneal damage. Inhalation: Corrosive. Harmful if
inhaled. Causes chemical burns to the respiratory tract. Inhalation may be fatal as a result of spasm, inflammation, edema ofthe larynx and bronchi, chemical pneumonitis, and pulmonary edema. Toxic exposure to fumes of Thionyl chloride reactingwith water may result in delayed pulmonary response, bronchiolitis Oblitereans(inflammmation of the bronchioles). Ingestion:Corrosive. Harmful if swallowed. Causes gastrointestinal/digestive tract burns. May cause severe and permanent damage tothe digestive tract.
Section 12: Ecological Information
Ecotoxicity: Not available.
BOD5 and COD: Not available.
Products of Biodegradation:Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise.
Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are more toxic.
Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation: Not available.
Section 13: Disposal Considerations
Waste Disposal:Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations.
Section 14: Transport Information
DOT Classification: Class 8: Corrosive material
Identification: : Thionyl chloride UNNA: 1836 PG: I
Special Provisions for Transport: Not available.
Section 15: Other Regulatory Information
Federal and State Regulations:Connecticut hazardous material survey.: Thionyl chloride Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: Thionyl chlorideRhode Island RTK hazardous substances: Thionyl chloride Pennsylvania RTK: Thionyl chloride Florida: Thionyl chlorideMinnesota: Thionyl chloride Massachusetts RTK: Thionyl chloride Massachusetts spill list: Thionyl chloride New Jersey:Thionyl chloride California Director's List of Hazardous Substances: Thionyl chloride TSCA 8(b) inventory: Thionyl chloride
Other Regulations:OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). EINECS: This product is on theEuropean Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.
Other Classifications:
WHMIS (Canada):CLASS D-1A: Material causing immediate and serious toxic effects (VERY TOXIC). CLASS E: Corrosive liquid. CLASS F:Dangerously reactive material.
DSCL (EEC):
HMIS (U.S.A.):
Health Hazard: 3
Fire Hazard: 0
Reactivity: 2
Personal Protection:
National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.):
Health: 4
Flammability: 0
Reactivity: 2
Specific hazard:
Protective Equipment:Gloves. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respiratorwhen ventilation is inadequate. Face shield.
Section 16: Other Information
References: Not available.
Other Special Considerations: Not available.
Created: 10/10/2005 12:19 PM
Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM
The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, wemake no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assumeno liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information fortheir particular purposes. In no event shall ScienceLab.com be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or forlost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if ScienceLab.comhas been advised of the possibility of such damages.
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Material Safety Data SheetHydrochloric acid MSDS
Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification
Product Name: Hydrochloric acid
Catalog Codes: SLH1462, SLH3154
CAS#: Mixture.
RTECS: MW4025000
TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Hydrochloric acid
CI#: Not applicable.
Synonym: Hydrochloric Acid; Muriatic Acid
Chemical Name: Not applicable.
Chemical Formula: Not applicable.
Contact Information:
Sciencelab.com, Inc.14025 Smith Rd.Houston, Texas 77396
US Sales: 1-800-901-7247International Sales: 1-281-441-4400
Order Online: ScienceLab.com
CHEMTREC (24HR Emergency Telephone), call:1-800-424-9300
International CHEMTREC, call: 1-703-527-3887
For non-emergency assistance, call: 1-281-441-4400
Section 2: Composition and Information on Ingredients
Composition:
Name CAS # % by Weight
Hydrogen chloride 7647-01-0 20-38
Water 7732-18-5 62-80
Toxicological Data on Ingredients: Hydrogen chloride: GAS (LC50): Acute: 4701 ppm 0.5 hours [Rat].
Section 3: Hazards Identification
Potential Acute Health Effects:Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant, permeator), of eye contact (irritant, corrosive), of ingestion, . Slightlyhazardous in case of inhalation (lung sensitizer). Non-corrosive for lungs. Liquid or spray mist may produce tissue damageparticularly on mucous membranes of eyes, mouth and respiratory tract. Skin contact may produce burns. Inhalation of thespray mist may produce severe irritation of respiratory tract, characterized by coughing, choking, or shortness of breath.Severe over-exposure can result in death. Inflammation of the eye is characterized by redness, watering, and itching. Skininflammation is characterized by itching, scaling, reddening, or, occasionally, blistering.
Potential Chronic Health Effects:Slightly hazardous in case of skin contact (sensitizer). CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified 3 (Not classifiable forhuman.) by IARC [Hydrochloric acid]. MUTAGENIC EFFECTS: Not available. TERATOGENIC EFFECTS: Not available.DEVELOPMENTAL TOXICITY: Not available. The substance may be toxic to kidneys, liver, mucous membranes, upperrespiratory tract, skin, eyes, Circulatory System, teeth. Repeated or prolonged exposure to the substance can produce target
organs damage. Repeated or prolonged contact with spray mist may produce chronic eye irritation and severe skin irritation.Repeated or prolonged exposure to spray mist may produce respiratory tract irritation leading to frequent attacks of bronchialinfection. Repeated exposure to a highly toxic material may produce general deterioration of health by an accumulation in oneor many human organs.
Section 4: First Aid Measures
Eye Contact:Check for and remove any contact lenses. In case of contact, immediately flush eyes with plenty of water for at least 15minutes. Cold water may be used. Get medical attention immediately.
Skin Contact:In case of contact, immediately flush skin with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes while removing contaminated clothingand shoes. Cover the irritated skin with an emollient. Cold water may be used.Wash clothing before reuse. Thoroughly cleanshoes before reuse. Get medical attention immediately.
Serious Skin Contact:Wash with a disinfectant soap and cover the contaminated skin with an anti-bacterial cream. Seek immediate medicalattention.
Inhalation:If inhaled, remove to fresh air. If not breathing, give artificial respiration. If breathing is difficult, give oxygen. Get medicalattention immediately.
Serious Inhalation:Evacuate the victim to a safe area as soon as possible. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Ifbreathing is difficult, administer oxygen. If the victim is not breathing, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. WARNING: It maybe hazardous to the person providing aid to give mouth-to-mouth resuscitation when the inhaled material is toxic, infectious orcorrosive. Seek immediate medical attention.
Ingestion:If swallowed, do not induce vomiting unless directed to do so by medical personnel. Never give anything by mouth to anunconscious person. Loosen tight clothing such as a collar, tie, belt or waistband. Get medical attention immediately.
Serious Ingestion: Not available.
Section 5: Fire and Explosion Data
Flammability of the Product: Non-flammable.
Auto-Ignition Temperature: Not applicable.
Flash Points: Not applicable.
Flammable Limits: Not applicable.
Products of Combustion: Not available.
Fire Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: of metals
Explosion Hazards in Presence of Various Substances: Non-explosive in presence of open flames and sparks, of shocks.
Fire Fighting Media and Instructions: Not applicable.
Special Remarks on Fire Hazards:Non combustible. Calcium carbide reacts with hydrogen chloride gas with incandescence. Uranium phosphide reacts withhydrochloric acid to release spontaneously flammable phosphine. Rubidium acetylene carbides burns with slightly warmhydrochloric acid. Lithium silicide in contact with hydrogen chloride becomes incandescent. When dilute hydrochloric acid isused, gas spontaneously flammable in air is evolved. Magnesium boride treated with concentrated hydrochloric acid producesspontaneously flammble gas. Cesium acetylene carbide burns hydrogen chloride gas. Cesium carbide ignites in contact withhydrochloric acid unless acid is dilute. Reacts with most metals to produce flammable Hydrodgen gas.
Special Remarks on Explosion Hazards:
Hydrogen chloride in contact with the following can cause an explosion, ignition on contact, or other violent/vigorous reaction:Acetic anhydride AgClO + CCl4 Alcohols + hydrogen cyanide, Aluminum Aluminum-titanium alloys (with HCl vapor), 2-Aminoethanol, Ammonium hydroxide, Calcium carbide Ca3P2 Chlorine + dinitroanilines (evolves gas), Chlorosulfonic acid Cesiumcarbide Cesium acetylene carbide, 1,1-Difluoroethylene Ethylene diamine Ethylene imine, Fluorine, HClO4 Hexalithiumdisilicide H2SO4 Metal acetylides or carbides, Magnesium boride, Mercuric sulfate, Oleum, Potassium permanganate,beta-Propiolactone Propylene oxide Rubidium carbide, Rubidium, acetylene carbide Sodium (with aqueous HCl), Sodiumhydroxide Sodium tetraselenium, Sulfonic acid, Tetraselenium tetranitride, U3P4 , Vinyl acetate. Silver perchlorate with carbontetrachloride in the presence of hydrochloric acid produces trichloromethyl perchlorate which detonates at 40 deg. C.
Section 6: Accidental Release Measures
Small Spill:Dilute with water and mop up, or absorb with an inert dry material and place in an appropriate waste disposal container. Ifnecessary: Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of sodium carbonate.
Large Spill:Corrosive liquid. Poisonous liquid. Stop leak if without risk. Absorb with DRY earth, sand or other non-combustible material.Do not get water inside container. Do not touch spilled material. Use water spray curtain to divert vapor drift. Use water sprayto reduce vapors. Prevent entry into sewers, basements or confined areas; dike if needed. Call for assistance on disposal.Neutralize the residue with a dilute solution of sodium carbonate. Be careful that the product is not present at a concentrationlevel above TLV. Check TLV on the MSDS and with local authorities.
Section 7: Handling and Storage
Precautions:Keep locked up.. Keep container dry. Do not ingest. Do not breathe gas/fumes/ vapor/spray. Never add water to this product.In case of insufficient ventilation, wear suitable respiratory equipment. If ingested, seek medical advice immediately and showthe container or the label. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Keep away from incompatibles such as oxidizing agents, organicmaterials, metals, alkalis, moisture. May corrode metallic surfaces. Store in a metallic or coated fiberboard drum using a strongpolyethylene inner package.
Storage: Keep container tightly closed. Keep container in a cool, well-ventilated area.
Section 8: Exposure Controls/Personal Protection
Engineering Controls:Provide exhaust ventilation or other engineering controls to keep the airborne concentrations of vapors below their respectivethreshold limit value. Ensure that eyewash stations and safety showers are proximal to the work-station location.
Personal Protection:Face shield. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Gloves. Boots.
Personal Protection in Case of a Large Spill:Splash goggles. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Boots. Gloves. A self contained breathing apparatus should be used to avoidinhalation of the product. Suggested protective clothing might not be sufficient; consult a specialist BEFORE handling thisproduct.
Exposure Limits:CEIL: 5 (ppm) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] CEIL: 7 (mg/m3) from OSHA (PEL) [United States] CEIL: 5 from NIOSHCEIL: 7 (mg/m3) from NIOSH TWA: 1 STEL: 5 (ppm) [United Kingdom (UK)] TWA: 2 STEL: 8 (mg/m3) [United Kingdom(UK)]Consult local authorities for acceptable exposure limits.
Section 9: Physical and Chemical Properties
Physical state and appearance: Liquid.
Odor: Pungent. Irritating (Strong.)
Taste: Not available.
Molecular Weight: Not applicable.
Color: Colorless to light yellow.
pH (1% soln/water): Acidic.
Boiling Point:108.58 C @ 760 mm Hg (for 20.22% HCl in water) 83 C @ 760 mm Hg (for 31% HCl in water) 50.5 C (for 37% HCl in water)
Melting Point:-62.25°C (-80°F) (20.69% HCl in water) -46.2 C (31.24% HCl in water) -25.4 C (39.17% HCl in water)
Critical Temperature: Not available.
Specific Gravity:1.1- 1.19 (Water = 1) 1.10 (20%and 22% HCl solutions) 1.12 (24% HCl solution) 1.15 (29.57% HCl solution) 1.16 (32% HClsolution) 1.19 (37% and 38%HCl solutions)
Vapor Pressure: 16 kPa (@ 20°C) average
Vapor Density: 1.267 (Air = 1)
Volatility: Not available.
Odor Threshold: 0.25 to 10 ppm
Water/Oil Dist. Coeff.: Not available.
Ionicity (in Water): Not available.
Dispersion Properties: See solubility in water, diethyl ether.
Solubility: Soluble in cold water, hot water, diethyl ether.
Section 10: Stability and Reactivity Data
Stability: The product is stable.
Instability Temperature: Not available.
Conditions of Instability: Incompatible materials, water
Incompatibility with various substances:Highly reactive with metals. Reactive with oxidizing agents, organic materials, alkalis, water.
Corrosivity:Extremely corrosive in presence of aluminum, of copper, of stainless steel(304), of stainless steel(316). Non-corrosive inpresence of glass.
Special Remarks on Reactivity:Reacts with water especially when water is added to the product. Absorption of gaseous hydrogen chloride on mercuricsulfate becomes violent @ 125 deg. C. Sodium reacts very violently with gaseous hydrogen chloride. Calcium phosphideand hydrochloric acid undergo very energetic reaction. It reacts with oxidizers releasing chlorine gas. Incompatible with,alkali metals, carbides, borides, metal oxides, vinyl acetate, acetylides, sulphides, phosphides, cyanides, carbonates. Reactswith most metals to produce flammable Hydrogen gas. Reacts violently (moderate reaction with heat of evolution) withwater especially when water is added to the product. Isolate hydrogen chloride from heat, direct sunlight, alkalies (reactsvigorously), organic materials, and oxidizers (especially nitric acid and chlorates), amines, metals, copper and alloys (e.g.brass), hydroxides, zinc (galvanized materials), lithium silicide (incandescence), sulfuric acid(increase in temperature andpressure) Hydrogen chloride gas is emitted when this product is in contact with sulfuric acid. Adsorption of Hydrochloric Acidonto silicon dioxide results in exothmeric reaction. Hydrogen chloride causes aldehydes and epoxides to violently polymerize.Hydrogen chloride or Hydrochloric Acid in contact with the folloiwng can cause explosion or ignition on contact or
Special Remarks on Corrosivity:
Highly corrosive. Incompatible with copper and copper alloys. It attacks nearly all metals (mercury, gold, platinium, tantalum,silver, and certain alloys are exceptions). It is one of the most corrosive of the nonoxidizing acids in contact with copper alloys.No corrosivity data on zinc, steel. Severe Corrosive effect on brass and bronze
Polymerization: Will not occur.
Section 11: Toxicological Information
Routes of Entry: Absorbed through skin. Dermal contact. Eye contact. Inhalation.
Toxicity to Animals:Acute oral toxicity (LD50): 900 mg/kg [Rabbit]. Acute toxicity of the vapor (LC50): 1108 ppm, 1 hours [Mouse]. Acute toxicity ofthe vapor (LC50): 3124 ppm, 1 hours [Rat].
Chronic Effects on Humans:CARCINOGENIC EFFECTS: Classified 3 (Not classifiable for human.) by IARC [Hydrochloric acid]. May cause damage to thefollowing organs: kidneys, liver, mucous membranes, upper respiratory tract, skin, eyes, Circulatory System, teeth.
Other Toxic Effects on Humans:Very hazardous in case of skin contact (corrosive, irritant, permeator), of ingestion, . Hazardous in case of eye contact(corrosive), of inhalation (lung corrosive).
Special Remarks on Toxicity to Animals:Lowest Published Lethal Doses (LDL/LCL) LDL [Man] -Route: Oral; 2857 ug/kg LCL [Human] - Route: Inhalation; Dose: 1300ppm/30M LCL [Rabbit] - Route: Inhalation; Dose: 4413 ppm/30M
Special Remarks on Chronic Effects on Humans:May cause adverse reproductive effects (fetoxicity). May affect genetic material.
Special Remarks on other Toxic Effects on Humans:Acute Potential Health Effects: Skin: Corrosive. Causes severe skin irritation and burns. Eyes: Corrosive. Causes severeeye irritation/conjuntivitis, burns, corneal necrosis. Inhalation: May be fatal if inhaled. Material is extremely destructive totissue of the mucous membranes and upper respiratory tract. Inhalation of hydrochloric acid fumes produces nose, throat,and larryngeal burning, and irritation, pain and inflammation, coughing, sneezing, choking sensation, hoarseness, laryngealspasms, upper respiratory tract edema, chest pains, as well has headache, and palpitations. Inhalation of high concentrationscan result in corrosive burns, necrosis of bronchial epithelium, constriction of the larynx and bronchi, nasospetal perforation,glottal closure, occur, particularly if exposure is prolonged. May affect the liver. Ingestion: May be fatal if swallowed. Causesirritation and burning, ulceration, or perforation of the gastrointestinal tract and resultant peritonitis, gastric hemorrhage andinfection. Can also cause nausea, vomitting (with "coffee ground" emesis), diarrhea, thirst, difficulty swallowing, salivation,chills, fever, uneasiness, shock, strictures and stenosis (esophogeal, gastric, pyloric). May affect behavior (excitement), thecardiovascular system (weak rapid pulse, tachycardia), respiration (shallow respiration), and urinary system (kidneys- renalfailure, nephritis). Acute exposure via inhalation or ingestion can also cause erosion of tooth enamel. Chronic Potential HealthEffects: dyspnea, bronchitis. Chemical pneumonitis and pulmonary edema can also
Section 12: Ecological Information
Ecotoxicity: Not available.
BOD5 and COD: Not available.
Products of Biodegradation:Possibly hazardous short term degradation products are not likely. However, long term degradation products may arise.
Toxicity of the Products of Biodegradation: The products of degradation are less toxic than the product itself.
Special Remarks on the Products of Biodegradation: Not available.
Section 13: Disposal Considerations
Waste Disposal:
Waste must be disposed of in accordance with federal, state and local environmental control regulations.
Section 14: Transport Information
DOT Classification: Class 8: Corrosive material
Identification: : Hydrochloric acid, solution UNNA: 1789 PG: II
Special Provisions for Transport: Not available.
Section 15: Other Regulatory Information
Federal and State Regulations:Connecticut hazardous material survey.: Hydrochloric acid Illinois toxic substances disclosure to employee act: Hydrochloricacid Illinois chemical safety act: Hydrochloric acid New York release reporting list: Hydrochloric acid Rhode Island RTKhazardous substances: Hydrochloric acid Pennsylvania RTK: Hydrochloric acid Minnesota: Hydrochloric acid MassachusettsRTK: Hydrochloric acid Massachusetts spill list: Hydrochloric acid New Jersey: Hydrochloric acid New Jersey spill list:Hydrochloric acid Louisiana RTK reporting list: Hydrochloric acid Louisiana spill reporting: Hydrochloric acid CaliforniaDirector's List of Hazardous Substances: Hydrochloric acid TSCA 8(b) inventory: Hydrochloric acid TSCA 4(a) proposed testrules: Hydrochloric acid SARA 302/304/311/312 extremely hazardous substances: Hydrochloric acid SARA 313 toxic chemicalnotification and release reporting: Hydrochloric acid CERCLA: Hazardous substances.: Hydrochloric acid: 5000 lbs. (2268 kg)
Other Regulations:OSHA: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200). EINECS: This product is on theEuropean Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances.
Other Classifications:
WHMIS (Canada):CLASS D-2A: Material causing other toxic effects (VERY TOXIC). CLASS E: Corrosive liquid.
DSCL (EEC):R34- Causes burns. R37- Irritating to respiratory system. S26- In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty ofwater and seek medical advice. S45- In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the labelwhere possible).
HMIS (U.S.A.):
Health Hazard: 3
Fire Hazard: 0
Reactivity: 1
Personal Protection:
National Fire Protection Association (U.S.A.):
Health: 3
Flammability: 0
Reactivity: 1
Specific hazard:
Protective Equipment:Gloves. Full suit. Vapor respirator. Be sure to use an approved/certified respirator or equivalent. Wear appropriate respiratorwhen ventilation is inadequate. Face shield.
Section 16: Other Information
References:-Hawley, G.G.. The Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 11e ed., New York N.Y., Van Nostrand Reinold, 1987. -SAX, N.I.Dangerous Properties of Indutrial Materials. Toronto, Van Nostrand Reinold, 6e ed. 1984. -The Sigma-Aldrich Library ofChemical Safety Data, Edition II. -Guide de la loi et du règlement sur le transport des marchandises dangeureuses au canada.Centre de conformité internatinal Ltée. 1986.
Other Special Considerations: Not available.
Created: 10/09/2005 05:45 PM
Last Updated: 05/21/2013 12:00 PM
The information above is believed to be accurate and represents the best information currently available to us. However, wemake no warranty of merchantability or any other warranty, express or implied, with respect to such information, and we assumeno liability resulting from its use. Users should make their own investigations to determine the suitability of the information fortheir particular purposes. In no event shall ScienceLab.com be liable for any claims, losses, or damages of any third party or forlost profits or any special, indirect, incidental, consequential or exemplary damages, howsoever arising, even if ScienceLab.comhas been advised of the possibility of such damages.
Industry Sector Projects A-46
QUESTIONNAIRE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL APPRAISAL
(INDUSTRY SECTOR PROJECTS)
I. General Information
A. Name of the Project : Karan Intermediates Pvt. Ltd.
1. Existing project/proposed project/
expansion project/modernization project : Proposed project
2. If Existing/expansion/
modernization project, whether
environmental clearance has
been obtained : N.A.
B. Plant Capacity (TPA) : Mono Chloro Acetic Acid -300 MTPM
Chloro Acetyl Chloride-150 MTPM
Tri Chloro Acetyl Chloride-150 MTPM
Sulphur Mono Chloride-100 MTPM
Aluminum Chloroide-350 MTPM Ferric Chloride-500 MTPM
C. Location
Village Tehsil District State
Neja Khambhat Anand Gujarat
D. Geographical Information
1. Latitude
2. Longitude
3. Elevation above Mean
Sea Level (metres)
4. Total Area envisaged for setting up
of project (in ha.)
5. Nature of terrain (hilly, valley, plains,
Coastal plains etc.)
6. Nature of Soil (sandy, clayey, sandy
loam etc.).
7. Permeability (cm/sec)
22020’21.90” N
72034’52.01” E
13 meter
28050 m2
Plains
Sandy loam
2.94
Note 1: All information given in the form of annexures should be part of this file itself.
Annexures as separate files will not be accepted.
Note 2: Please enter x in appropriate box where answer is Yes/No
Industry Sector Projects A-47
E. Alternate sites considered
No alternatives for site is consider.
F. Reasons for selecting the proposed site based on comparative evaluation of
environmental considerations.
Availability of suitable and adequate land;
Availability of infrastructure facilities such as water supply, power, roads, social
infrastructure and man power;
Availability of raw materials of proper quality and in adequate quantity;
Good communication and transportation facilities;
Proximity of market;
The nearest city Anand is 40.0 km away from the project site, which is very well
connected with other parts of the country by road & rail
No R & R will be required;
No national park or wildlife habitat falls within 10 km radial distance from
proposed project site.
II. Environmental Setting
A. Current land usage of the proposed project site area (in hectares)
1. Notified Industrial Area/Estate
2. Agricultural
Irrigated
Unirrigated
3. Homestead
4. Forest
5. Grazing
6. Fallow
8. Mangroves
9. Others (Pl. specify)
Total
B. Please indicate area earmarked for each of the following (in ha.)
1. Plant Facilities
2. Ash Disposal
3. Storage (Fuel)
4. Storage (Water)
-
NA
28050 m2
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
7. Marshy
NA
650 m2
28050 m2
0
125 m2
150 m2
Industry Sector Projects A-48
5. Storage (Hazardous Waste)
6. Storage (Hazardous Chemicals)
7. Storage (Others)
8. Approach Road(s)
9. Township
10. Green Belt
11. Others (Parking, office, Medical room,
DG room, open area)
Total
C. Is the proposed site located in a low-lying area?
Yes No
If yes,
1. Level before filling (above MSL, in metres) ___________________
2. Level after filling (above MSL in metres) _____________________
Quantity of Fill Material
required (in cum.)
Source
D. Proximity to sea/water bodies:
Sea Other Water bodies like
River/creek/lake etc.
(Please specify)
Distance of site*
boundary (in m) More than 50 km
Creek-32.0 km
Lake-Neja-3.1 km
Distance of plant
facilities (in m) More than 50 km --
* From highest flood line/high tide line
E. Whether any of the following exist within 7 km. of the periphery of the project site. If
so, please indicate aerial distance and the name of the eco-system as given under the
table.
S.
No.
Name Area falling within
7 km periphery of
project (ha.)
Aerial Distance
(in km.)
1 National Park/Wildlife
Sanctuary
- - -
2 Tiger Reserve/Elephant
Reserve/ Turtle Nesting
Ground
- - -
3 Core Zone of Biosphere
Reserve
- - -
4 Habitat for migratory birds - - -
5 Lakes/Reservoir/Dams - - -
6 Stream/Rivers - - -
√
75 m2
200 m2
100 m2
1475 m2
--
1500 m2
28025 m2
23750 m2
Industry Sector Projects A-49
7 Estuary/Sea - - 32.0 km
8 Mangroves - - -
9 Mountains/Hills - - -
10 Notified Archaeological
sites
- - -
11 Any other Archaeological
sites
- - -
12 Industries/Thermal Power
Plants
- - -
13 Defence Installation - - -
14 Airports Vadodara - 70.0 km
15 Railway Lines* Khambhat - 6.0 km
16 National / State Highways* SH 89 - 2.05 km
* 0.5 km from Railway lines/ National / State Highway should be maintained.
F. Description of the flora/vegetation within 7 km under following headings.
1. Agricultural crops: Juvar, Bajri, corn etc.
2. Commercial crops: Juvar, Bajri, corn etc.
3. Plantation: Neem, Gulmahor, Amli, etc.
4. Natural Vegetation/Forest Type:
5. Grass Lands: Around 18%
6. Endangered species: No
7. Endemic species: No
8. Others (Please Specify): --
G. Description of fauna (non-domesticated) within 7 km under following headings.
1. Total listing of faunal elements- 42 nos.
2. Endemic fauna species - Nil
3. Endangered Species- Nil
4. Migratory species-
5. Route of migratory species of birds and mammals- Nil, most of are native
6. Details of aquatic fauna (if applicable) - 5 nos.
III. Meteorological Parameters
A. Seasonal-Monitoring Data (continuous monitoring for one full season except monsoon
should be carried out)
1. Temperature (in 0C)
(a) Maximum – 44.00C (b) Minimum – 20.0
0C (c) Mean – 33.7
0C
2. Rain fall (in mm) - No rainfall during study period
(a) Maximum - ___ (b) Minimum - ___ (c) Mean - ___
3. Mean value of humidity (in %) – 37.6%
Industry Sector Projects A-50
4. Inversion occurrence
(a) In percentage (b) Height in meters 50-1500 mtr.
5. Seasonal Wind-rose pattern (16 points on compass scale)
Pls. refer fig. 3.7, page no. 3.48 of chapter-3 of EIA report for wind rose.
6. Hourly Mean Meteorological data (based on one full season data collected at
site required as input for air quality modeling)
Hour Low/Medium
Cloud amount
(in OCTAS)
Wind
Speed in
(Km/h)
Predominant
wind
direction
Ambient air
temperature
(in deg K)
Hourly
stability
Mixing
depth
(in m)
1. 3.2 WNW 308 5 50
2. 2.9 WNW 305 5 50
3. 2.9 WNW 305 5 50
4. 2.9 WNW 305 5 50
5. 1.9 NW 304 5 50
6. 1.9 WSW 304 5 50
7. 1.9 WNW 304 5 50
8. 0.0 NE 307 2 100
9. 0.0 NW 307 2 400
10. 0.0 WNW 307 2 500
11. 0.0 WSW 312 2 1000
12. 0.0 W 312 2 1000
13. 0.0 WSW 312 2 1000
14. 3.5 SSW 314 2 1500
15. 3.5 WSW 314 2 1500
16. 3.5 SW 314 2 1500
17. 2.9 SW 312 2 1500
18. 2.9 SSW 312 5 1500
19. 2.9 SW 312 5 2000
20. 4.8 SSW 310 5 700
21. 4.8 SSW 310 5 400
22. 4.8 SSW 310 5 50
23. 3.2 WNW 308 5 50
24. 3.2 WNW 308 5 50
Attach additional sheet as required.
IV. Ambient Air Quality Data
[Frequency of Monitoring should be as per guidelines of CPCB and monitoring should cover
one full season (excluding monsoon)]
A. Season and period for which monitoring has been carried out - March-15 to May-15
B. Frequency of sampling - Twice a week for one location
Industry Sector Projects A-51
C. Number of samples collected at each site:
Date,
Time &
Location
Wind
Direction
& Speed
24 hourly Concentration as
monitored (in g/m3)
SPM, RPM, SO2, NOx, CO
Permissible
Standard
(As per EPA/
SPCB consent)
Remarks
(Name of the
instrument and
sensitivity)
Pls. refer table 3.8 & 3.9 of chapter-3 of EIA report.
D. 24 hourly concentrations (in g/m3)
Project site
Pollutant (s) Maximum Minimum Mean 98%
PM10 71.4 55.7 64.7 71.4
PM2.5 40.8 29.3 34.2 40.4
SO2 12.2 9.8 10.9 12.1
NOx 16.6 11.5 14.0 16.5
Neja
Pollutant (s) Maximum Minimum Mean 98%
PM10 65.0 55.5 57.9 65.0
PM2.5 37.8 26.0 31.0 36.6
SO2 12.7 8.9 10.6 12.6
NOx 14.6 11.1 12.8 14.5
Navagam Bara
Pollutant (s) Maximum Minimum Mean 98%
PM10 68.9 55.3 61.5 68.2
PM2.5 35.6 23.4 28.5 34.5
SO2 13.8 11.3 12.6 13.8
NOx 15.2 12.9 13.9 15.1
Lunej
Pollutant (s) Maximum Minimum Mean 98%
PM10 64.4 50.7 54.9 63.0
PM2.5 36.2 26.4 30.6 35.9
SO2 14.8 10.5 12.2 14.3
NOx 19.0 12.2 14.2 18.3
Sokhada
Pollutant (s) Maximum Minimum Mean 98%
PM10 68.0 51.3 59.6 66.4
PM2.5 36.6 28.2 31.6 35.9
SO2 17.3 10.3 13.0 16.1
NOx 17.1 13.4 15.1 16.9
Khambhat
Pollutant (s) Maximum Minimum Mean 98%
PM10 67.1 49.1 58.2 66.7
PM2.5 41.4 25.2 33.0 40.9
SO2 15.0 12.2 13.5 14.9
NOx 18.9 13.7 15.7 18.3
Paldi
Pollutant (s) Maximum Minimum Mean 98%
PM10 62.0 53.8 56.5 61.4
PM2.5 34.9 28.1 31.1 34.7
SO2 14.7 10.9 12.8 14.7
NOx 16.2 12.5 14.5 16.0
Industry Sector Projects A-52
Nagra
Pollutant (s) Maximum Minimum Mean 98%
PM10 61.1 47.2 53.1 60.8
PM2.5 33.8 25.9 29.9 33.6
SO2 16.7 11.3 13.1 16.6
NOx 15.5 12.8 13.9 15.3
D. Specific air pollution issues in the project area.
Not observed any issue.
V. Manufacturing Process details
A. Raw materials (including process chemicals, catalysts, & additives).
List of raw
materials to be
used at all stages
of manufacture
Physical and
chemical nature
of raw material
Quantity
(tonnes/month)
full production
capacity
Source of
materials
Means of transportation
(Source to storage site)
with justification
Pls. refer chapter-2, table 2.4, page no. 2-18 of chapter-2 for list of raw materials.
B. Brief description of the process : Pls. refer sec. 2.10 of chapter-2
of EIA report for mfg. process.
C. Details of process technology know how/collaboration: Self develop process
D. Production profile (tonnes/year):
Name of Products, Byproducts and
Intermediate Products
Existing Proposed activity
(new/modernization
/ expansion)
Total
A. Main Products -
1. Mono Chloro Acetic Acid (MCA) - 300 MTPM 300 MTPM
2. Chloro Acetyl Chloride (CAC) - 150 MTPM 150 MTPM
3. Tri Chloro Acetyl Chloride
(TCAC)
- 150 MTPM 150 MTPM
4. Sulphur Mono Chloride - 100 MTPM 100 MTPM
5. Aluminum Chloroide - 350 MTPM 350 MTPM
6. Ferric Chloride - 500 MTPM 500 MTPM
B. By-Products -
1. Mother Liquor of MCA - 55 MTPM 55 MTPM
2. HCl - 30% - 1710 MTPM 1710 MTPM
3. Sodium bi Sulphite (20-30%) - 340 MTPM 340 MTPM
4. Sodium Hypochlorite (20%) - 25 MTPM 25 MTPM
C. Intermediate Products
1.
2.
- - -
E. Means of transportation of raw material and final products:
Means of Transport Raw material Final Product
(in TPA) (in TPA)
1. Road
2. Rail
3. Pipeline
4. Others, Please specify
40000
18000
Industry Sector Projects A-53
VI. Water
A. Water Requirement (cum/day):
Purpose Avg.
Demand
Peak
Demand
Source Type Treated/
untreated/
Fresh/
Recycled
Remarks
1. Project
(i) Process 0 0
Bore well
90.5 KLD fresh
water
8.5 KLD
recycle
(ii) Cooling water 20.0 20.0
(iii) DM water 3.0 3.0
(iv) Dust
Suppression
- -
(v) Drinking 5.0 5.0 --
(vi) Green Belt 7.0 7.0
(vii) Fire Service - -
(viii) Others
(Boiler, scrubbing)
64.0 64.0
2. Township --
(i) Green Belt
(ii) Drinking
(iii) Others (Please
specify)
TOTAL 99.0 99.0
B. Source of Raw Water Supply
S. No. Source Cu.m./hr. Cu.m./day
1 Sea -- --
2 River -- --
3 Groundwater (Bore well) -- 90.5
4 Other surface water bodies
(Please specify)
-- --
C. Lean Season flow in case of surface water source (cusecs/cumecs): -
D. Groundwater (a) Recharge Rate/Withdrawal rate
1. Ground water level (metres)
(i) Pre monsoon
(ii) Post monsoon
(to be obtained from Central/State Ground water authorities)
E. Competing Users of the Water Source:
S.
No.
Usage Present Consumption
(cu.m/day)
Addition Proposed
as per local plan
Total
Surface Ground Surface Ground Surface Ground
1 Irrigation 85% Negligible 85%
2 Industry 5% 5%
3 Drinking 5% 5%
30 mtr.
20 mtr.
Industry Sector Projects A-54
4 Others (Please
specify)
5% 5%
Total 100% 100%
F. Physico - chemical analysis of Raw Water at intake point: Pls. refer table 3.15 of
chapter-3 of EIA report - “Project site”
G. Physico - chemical analysis of treated water to be used in project/township.
Proposed project and not start any activities yet.
H. Wastewater Management
1. Description of waste water treatment plan with flow chart.
Pls. refer sec. 2.15.1 and figure 2.2 on page no. 2.15 and 2-29 of chapter-2 for
scheme of effluent treatment and flow diagram of ETP.
2. Characteristics of discharge stream(s) before and after treatment:
Item Characteristics
Before After
pH 6.5 7.5
TDS (mg/L) 1490 1550
SS (mg/L) 150 90
COD (mg/L) 180 80
BOD (mg/L) 45 <15
O&G (mg/L) 10 7.5
Sulphate (mg/L) 350 350
Chloride (mg/L) 450 410
Phenolic Compound (mg/L) <0.01 <0.01
Ammonical Nitrogen (mg/L) 50 30
3. Daily discharge (m3/day) from different sources
(a) Plant Operation
(b) Workshop
(c) D.M. Plant Effluent
(e) Other (Utility)
Total
4. Quantity of water recycled
(a) (in %)
(b) (in cum/day)
5. Details of recycling mechanism: Treated water from ETP will be recycle in
scrubber.
-
-
3.0
4.5
13.0
-
8.5 m3/day
(d) Domestic
5.5
Industry Sector Projects A-55
6. Mode of final discharge/disposal of treated effluent: No disposal outside
Mode Length (in m.) Quantity (in m3/day)
(i) Open Channel - -
(ii) Pipeline - -
(iii) Others - -
Total -
7. Point of final discharge: No disposal outside
Final Point Quantity discharged (in m3/day)
(i) Green belt within the plant/township --
(ii) Agricultural Land --
(iii) Fallow Land --
(iv) Forest Land --
(v) River/Stream --
(vi) Lake --
(vii) Estuary --
(viii) Sea --
Total --
8. Lean season flow rate in case of discharge in a river/stream (cusecs): NA
9. Downstream users of water (in case of river, reservoir, lake) (cusecs): NA
(a) Human
(b) Irrigation
(c) Industry
(d) Others (Pl. specify)
10. Analysis of river water 100 metres upstream of discharge point and 100 metres
downstream of discharge point (except in rainy/monsoon season) along with details
of aquatic life.
We are not going to discharge w/w in river hence not applicable.
11. What is the predicted impact on water quality of the receiving body due to
discharge? (Briefly state the prediction tool adopted).
We are not going to discharge w/w in river hence not applicable.
Industry Sector Projects A-56
VII. Solid Waste Management
A. Details
S.
No.
Source Qty. (TPM) Form (Sludge/
Dry/ Slurry etc.)
Composition
1 Raw water treatment
plant
-
2 ETP 50 kg/month Sludge
3 Process -
4 Spent Catalyst -
5 Oily Sludge -
6 Others
A Discarded containers/
barrels/
liners
Drums-100
Nos./month
Liner: 150
kg/month
Solid
B Used Lubricating Oil 0.1 Kl/year Liquid
C Distillation Residue 0.7
MT/month
B. If waste(s) contain any hazardous/toxic substance/radioactive materials or heavy
metals, provide data and proposed precautionary measures. --
C. What are the possibilities of recovery and recycling of wastes? --
D. Possible users of Solid Waste (s).
Fly ash will be generated as solid waste which will be sold to brick manufacturers.
E. Method of disposal of solid waste (s).
Method Qty. (TPM)
1. Landfill
2. Incineration
3. Recovery
4. Downstream users
F. In case of landfill - Not applicable, we are not going to create land fill site
1. Is solid waste amenable for Yes No
landfill
2. Dimensions of landfill
3. Life of landfill years
4. Proposed precautionary and mitigative measures along with design features
0.05
0.7
--
--
Industry Sector Projects A-57
G. In case of incineration: Not applicable
1. Details of incinerator
(i) Type
(ii) Size
(iii) Capacity
(iv) Fuel
2. Likely composition and quantum of emissions: NA
S.No. Composition Quantity (in cu.m/hr.)
VIII. Noise Pollution Control and Management
Pls. refer chapter-3 of EIA report.
A. Source
B. Level at Source (dB)
C. Level at project boundary Capacity (dB)
D. Abatement measures (give source-wise details)
IX. Fuel/Energy Requirements
A. Total Power Requirement (MW)
Project Township Other (pl. specify) Total
Present
(in existing)
- - - -
Proposed 225 kVA - - 225 kVA
Total 225 kVA - - 225 kVA
B. Source of Power (MW)
SEB/Grid Captive power plant DG Sets
Present -- -- --
Proposed 225 kVA -- 200 kVA
Total 225 kVA -- 200 kVA
C. Details of Fuel used
S.
No.
Fuel Daily Consumption (TPD) Calorific
value
(Kcals/kg)
% Ash %
Sulphur Existing Proposed
1
2
3
4
5
Gas
Naphtha
HSD
Fuel Oil
Coal
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
75 lit/hr.
-
-
Industry Sector Projects A-58
6
7
Lignite
Other (Pl.
specify)
-
-
-
Bio fuel
(Briquettes)-12
TPD
Briquette:
3200
Briquette
- 12-15%
D. Source of Fuel (Distance in km)
1. Port
2. Mine
3. Refinery
4. Storage depot/Terminal
E. Mode of Transportation of fuel to site
1. Trucks (numbers/day)
2. Pipeline (length in km.)
3. Railway Wagons (numbers/day)
X. Atmospheric Emissions
A. Flue gas characteristics (SPM, SO2, NOx, CO)
S. No. Pollutant Source of
Emission
Emission rate
(kg/hr)
Concentration in flue
gas (g/m3)
1 SPM Stack
attached to
boiler + TFH
0.179 0.125
2 RPM
3 SO2 0.014 0.010
4 NOx 0.036 0.025
S. No. Pollutant Source of
Emission
Emission rate
(kg/hr)
Concentration in flue
gas (g/m3)
1 SPM Stack
attached to
D G Set
0.019 0.080
2 RPM
3 SO2 0.006 0.025
4 NOx 0.007 0.030
B. Size distribution of SPM at the top of the stack
S. No. Range % by weight
1
2
3
4
Micron
1-10 Micron
10-20 Micron
<20 Micron
50.0 km
3 to 4
-
-
Industry Sector Projects A-59
C. Stack emission Details (All the stacks attached to process units, boilers, captive power
plant, D.G. Sets, Incinerator both for existing and proposed activity).
Plant
section
& units*
Stack
No.
Height
from
ground
level (m)
Internal
Diameter
(Top)
(m)
Emissio
n Rate
(kg/hr)*
Temp. of
Exhaust
Gases
(deg K)
Exit
Velocity
(m/sec)
Exhaust Gas
Temp Density Specific
Heat
Volumetric
Flow
(m3)
Boiler
(1 TPH)
+ TFH
1st 30
(common
stack)
0.450 SPM:
0.179
SO2:
0.014
NOx:
0.036
438 10 438 1430.66
m3/hr.
D G
(200
kVA)
2nd
11 0.150 SPM:
0.019
SO2:
0.006
NOx:
0.007
453 15 453 238.44
m3/hr.
Reaction
Vessel
(MCA)
3rd
21 0.300 HCl:
0.006
Cl2:
0.002
323 7.5 323 476.89
m3/hr.
Reaction
vessels
(CAC &
TCAC)
4th
21 0.300 HCl:
0.007
SO2:
0.009
Cl2:
0.002
323 8.5 323 540.47
m3/hr.
*Note: Please indicate the specific section to which the stack is attached. For e.g.: Process section,
D.G. Set, Boiler, Power Plant, incinerator etc.
Emission rate (kg/hr.) for each pollutant (SPM, SO2, NOx) etc. should be specified.
D. Details of fugitive emissions (Indicate the points of fugitive emissions and quantities
estimated).
Source of fugitive emission:
There will be chances of generation of acid fumes, Cl2 from material handling area,
process area etc. There will be also changes of generation of PM (Dust) from
packing/finishing area.
Pls. refer table 2.7(a), page no. 2-22 of chapter-2 of EIA report for estimated
quantities of fugitive emission.
E. Predicted impact on air quality (as per CPCB Guidelines for conducting the air quality
modeling).
Pls. refer chapter-4 of EIA report.
XI. Pollution load statement (Applicable to Expansion and Modernization Projects only)
Parameter Existing
Plant
Proposed
Expansion/Modernization
Total Remarks
1. Land area (ha)
2. Raw water (m3/day)
3. Power (MW)
4. Waste water (effluent
generation) (m3/day)
a. Process
b. Domestic
5. Air emissions (gms/hr.)
a. SPM
Not applicable as our is a new unit.
Industry Sector Projects A-60
b. CO
c. SO2
d. NOx
e. Others (like HC, Cl2,
NH3 etc.)
6. Hazardous Chemical
Storage (give item-wise)
7. Solid waste
(TPD)
a. Non-Hazardous
b. Hazardous
XII. Storage of chemicals (inflammable/explosive/hazardous/toxic substances)
S.
No.
Name Number
of
Storage’s
Capacity
(TPD)
Physical and
Chemical
Composition
Consumpt
ion
(in TPD)
Maximum
Quantity of
storage at
any point of
time
Source of
supply
Means
of
transpor
-tation
Pls. refer table no. 7.1 of chapter-7 of EIA report for storage of chemicals
XII. Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene.
Pls. refer chapter - 7 & 10.
A. What are the major occupational health and safety hazards anticipated. (Explain briefly).
B. What provisions have been made/propose to be made to conform to health/safety
requirements. (Explain briefly).
C. Details of personal protective equipment provided/to be provided to the workers.
D. Details of proposed measures for control of fugitive emission/odour nuisance from
different sources.
E. Details of fire protection and safety measures envisaged to take care of fire and explosion
hazards.
XIV. Pollution Control Aspects
A. Details of Pollution Control Systems:
S. No. Existing Proposed to be installed
i) Air - Multi Cyclone with bag filter
ii) Water - ETP consisting of primary,
secondary & tertiary treatment units
iii) Noise - Acoustic enclosure to noise
generating equipments
iv) Solid Waste - Separate storage area with
impervious platform
B. Efficiency of each pollution control equipment/system installed.
1. Existing Units
S. No. Name of the System
Equipment
Design Efficiency % Present Working
efficiency %
1 Our is a new unit
Industry Sector Projects A-61
2. Proposed Project
S. No. Name of the System Equipment Design Efficiency %
1 Cyclone, bag filter 90%, 98%
2 Scrubbers 98%
XV. Green Belt Plan
A. Total area of project/township (in ha.)
B. Area already afforested (for existing projects), in ha.
C. Area proposed to be afforested (in ha.)
D. Plant species proposed
1. Indigenous
2. Exotic
E. Width of green belt (minimum, in m.)
1. Along plant boundary
2. Roads and avenues within the plant
3. Ash Dike
4. Township
5. Other-ornamental, garden spaces
6. Commercial plantations etc.
F. Trees planted & proposed Nos.
1. Planted
2. Survival rate
3. List of species planted
4. Proposed
5. List of Species
XVI. Construction Phase Management Aspects
A. Estimated duration of construction in months
B. Number of persons to be employed for construction
1. Peak
2. Average
C. What provision has been made for the sewage treatment for the construction
workers?
Soak pit
--
1500 m2
Indigenous
Pl. refer ch. 10
4 months
40
20
28025 m2
75%
New unit
Pl. refer ch. 10
Pl. refer ch. 10
Industry Sector Projects A-62
D. How the fuel (kerosene/wood, etc.) requirement of labour force will be met to avoid
cutting of trees from the adjoining areas.
We will provide kerosene to family of workers.
E. Proposed Health care Measures with emphasis on protection from endemic
diseases.
Part time doctor will be appointed.
F. Educational and other social welfare measures proposed.
Given in chapter-10 of EIA report.
XVII. Human Settlement:
S.
No.
Aerial distance from the periphery of the site
Up to 500 m from
periphery
500 m to 3000 m
from the periphery
3000 m to 7000 m
from the periphery
1 Population
Pls. refer chapter-3 of EIA report.
2 Number of
Houses
3 Present
Occupational
Pattern
XVIII. Rehabilitation & Resettlement Plan (Wherever applicable)
A. Village(s) affected by the project: Not applicable as there is no Rehabilitation &
Resettlement is involved
S.
No.
Village (Tribal/Others) Population Occupation Average Income
per annum
B. Population to be displaced: Not applicable as no Rehabilitation & Resettlement is
involved
S.
No.
Name of Village Population
Land oustees
only
Homestead oustees
only
Land and Homestead
oustees
C. Salient features of Rehabilitation Plan. - Not applicable as no Rehabilitation &
Resettlement is involved
(i) Site where the people are proposed to be resettled
(ii) Facilities proposed at the resettlement site
(iii) Compensation package
(iv) Agency/Authority responsible for their resettlement.
XIX. Expenditure on Environmental Measures
A. Capital cost of the project (as proposed to approved by the funding agency/ financial
Institutions.
(Rs. Lakhs)
100 lakhs
Industry Sector Projects A-63
B. Cost of environmental protection measures (Rs. Lakhs)
S. No. Recurring Cost per annum Capital Cost
1 Air Pollution Control 14.0 25
2 Water Pollution Control 2.0 5.0
3 Noise Pollution Control - -
4 Environment Monitoring and
Management
2.0 30
5 Reclamation borrow/
mined area
-- --
6 Occupational Health 0.5 15
7 Green Belt 0.5 10
8 Others (Rain water harvesting
& Haz. Waste management) 1.0 15
Total 20.0 lakhs 100 lakhs
C. Details of organizational set up/cell for environmental management and monitoring.
Pls. refer sec. 10.3.3, page no. 10-3 of chapter-10 of EIA report.
D. Details of community welfare/peripheral development programmes envisaged/ being
undertaken by the project proponent:
Pls. refer chapter-10 of EIA report for CSR activities.
XX. Public Hearing details:
A. Date of Advertisement:
B. Newspapers in which the advertisement appeared
(with copies)
C. Date of Hearing
D. Panel Present
E. List of public present along with address and occupation
F. Summary/details of public hearing report
S.
No.
Issues raised Recommendation of
panel
Response of Project
Proponents
1. Shri Jayantibhai Jethabhai Patel,
Sokhda Industrial Association,
Ta: Khambhat,
Dist: Anand.
He stated that looking to the
products and the presentation made
by M/s. Karan Intermediates Ltd.,
it seems that there will be no waste
water discharge and hence no water
pollution from the unit.
- -
11.09.2015
Guj: Divya Bhaskar
Eng: Indian Express
14.10.2015
RO, GPCB-Anand
Add. Dis. Collector & Add.
Dist. magistrate-Anand
Details are given in
minutes of Public hearing
Industry Sector Projects A-64
He further said that there would be
some air pollution for which they
have proposed air pollution control
measures.
He added that he hoped that the
industry would run their air
pollution control measures such
that the air emission does not cause
any problems to the farmers and
their land. He then welcomed the
project to the Sokhda area.
When there were no forthcoming questions from the audience, the Additional District
Collector, explained the project in brief once again to the people and encouraged them to raise
questions. He also stated that this industry was going to invest Rs. One Crore towards EMS
facilities and so the people could ask questions regarding where it was going to be utilized. He
also said that generally problems arose after an industry came up and they had an opportunity to
pose questions before the industry came up and hence they should do so.
He then asked the project proponent, whether there were other similar projects in the region.
The representative of the industry replied that yes, there were around four projects in the region
manufacturing the same products but through a different route.
2. Ms. Shweta Thakkar,
Student of Environmental
Planning,CEPT University,
Ahmedabad
She asked where would the waste
water be discharged?
She then asked when the industry
was going to release HCl, Cl2 etc.
into the atmosphere, why was
ambient air quality monitoring
carried out only for four parameters
of PM10, PM2.5, SOx and NOx?
She further asked the depth of water
table in the area.
She then finally asked the quantity
of surface water and underground
water, which was going to be used.
-
The representative of the
project proponent replied
that only 8.5 KLD of the
treated waste water would
be reused, the rest of the
water used in scrubbers
would be finally sold as by
products.
He replied that although
only these four parameters
were shown in the
presentation, HCl, Cl2 and
VOCs have also been
measured, which has been
given in the EIA Report.
He replied that water was
found at around 30-35
mtrs and was also a little
saline.
He replied that only
ground water was going to
be used for water
consumption in the
project.
Industry Sector Projects A-65
3. Shri Pinakinbhai Bhrahmbhatt,
Ex-President Khambhat
Municipality
Ta: Khambhat
Dist: Anand
He stated that the people of the area
wanted industries to come up so that
employment was generated.
He added that the authorities would
surely look at the EMS measures
before granting EC to the project. He
further stated that, he & all the
people of the area welcomed
projects that followed all the
Environmental laws.
- -
The data and information given in this Performa are true to the best of my knowledge and belief.
Date: 16.11.2015 Signature of the Applicant with full name
& address.
Place: Neja
Given under the seal of organization
on behalf of whom the applicant
is signing.
Industry Sector Projects A-66
LIST OF DOCUMENTS TO BE ATTACHED WITH THE QUESTIONNAIRE
(Industry Sector Projects)
S. No. Documents to be Attached
1. Topographic map of the site indicating contours (1:2500 scale)
2. Topographic map covering 7 kms radius from the periphery of the site indicating
main features
3. Wind rose diagram of the site (Seasonal)
4. Wind rose diagram of the site (Artificial)
5. Site map indicating the positions of ambient air quality monitoring stations vis-à-
vis wind direction
6. Flow sheet of the process adopted indicating mass input/output, brief description
of the process including technological and engineering details
7. Alternative technologies considered along with details of criteria used for selecting
the technology and results of evaluation
8. Approval of ground water board/ irrigation department/ Municipality etc. for
supply of water
9. Mass balance for water used by the project in a flow chart
10. Flow chart for waste water treatment with mass balance
11. Site map indicating solid waste disposal facilities
12. Approval of electricity connection and supply of electricity
13. Lay out map of the plant showing the position of stacks for deciding the inter stack
distance
14. Site map indicating the storage facilities
15. Approval of Chief controller of explosives for lay out and storage of hazardous
substances
16. Layout of green belt indicating width on all sides, trees, lawns and bushes
17. Copy of advertisement issued in respect of public hearing
18. No objection certificate from the pollution control board
19 In case of proposals for expansion copies of renewals of consent from SPCB /
PCC
20. In case of expansion proposal copy of approval of factory inspector
21. Copy of the application submitted to the State Government for the forest clearance
in case diversion of forest land is involved
22. Comments/Observations/Recommendation of Chief Wildlife Warden in case
wildlife habitat/ migration path exists within 25 kilometers of the project site
23. Hydrogeological report in case ground water is to be used and/or the area is
drought prone or the waste water is likely to be discharged on land
24. Environmental Audit report for the previous two years in case of expansion of
existing undertaking.
25. In case the proposal involves installations in coastal zone, copy of the application
forwarded by the State Government
NABET/EIA/327/IA14 The Director San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd. 424, Medicine Market, Opp. Shefali Centre, Paldi Cross Road, Paldi, Ahmeda bad-380007 (Kind Attention: Dr. Mahendra Sadaria)
May 12,2014
Dear Sir,
QCI - NABET Scheme for Accreditation of EIA Consultaht Omanization
. his is with reference to yquiapplication to QCI - NABET for ~ccreditation a* ElA Consultant Organization. t.'
We are pleased to inform you that based on Document & Office Assessments, the Accreditation Committee has recommended provisional accreditation of your organization as per the scope given in Annexure II and Ill. Also find attached'herewith the following:
a. Results of various aspects of assessment of your organization (Annexure I). b. Non-Conformances/Observations/Alerts issued after Initial Assessment (Annexure IV). c. Detailed Terms & Conditions of accreditation (Annexure V): d. Guidelines for addressing Non-Conformances/ Observations/ Alerts (Annexure VI). e. or mat to be followed for'mentioning the names of the experts involved in EIA reports prepared by . .
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd. (Annexure VII).
~lease'confirm the correctness of spellings of the names of the e~~erts'mentioned in Annexure: Ill. Please also check the QCI website for the Minutes of the Accreditation Committee Meeting January 22 and February 13, 2014 for observations related to your application, for compliance. You are advised to visit QCI website t o check clarifications on the.Scheme issued from time to time for necessary actions at your '
.
end.
' The accreditation of your organization will be for a period of three years starting-December 21, 2013, the date of ofice assessment. The continuation of the accreditation will be confirmed based on surveillance assessment to be carried out after 18 months from the date of initial accreditation. Surveillance assessment will be conducted t o ensure compliance with NABET Scheme including . the . details mentioned ,
in your Quality ~ a n u a l and the terms & conditions mentioned in Annexure V. .
May we request you for your confirmation of acceptance of the terms and conditions attached. Compliance to above will enable us to issue you the requisite accreditation certificate.
We thank you for your esteemed support in making this Scheme successful and for your participation in this national cause.
Thanks and best regards, . .
Yours sincerely,
C m
(vip\n Sahni) C.E.O.
Institution of Engineers Build~ng, 2nd Floor, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi - 110 002, India Te!. : +W -11-2337 9321. 2337 8057 Fax . +91-11-2332 3415 e-mail : [email protected] Website : www.qcin.org
QCI Scheme for ADMditation of EIA Consultant Organizations
Scope of Accreditation Annexure I k
Name of the Consultant: San Endattech Pvt, Ltd. 424, Medicine Market, Opp. Shefati Centre,Paidi Cross Road, Paldi, Ahmedabad-380007
I I 4 ( Thermal Power Plants t. I
', . ..
1 1 21 1 drugs and intermediates excluding drug formulations, rubbers; basic organic chemicals, other synthetic organic chemicals
51. No.
2
3
and chemical intehedlates) . , ' Building and larde construction projects including shopping malls,
Sector No.
9
l7
r
Total = Seetors* i
38
I *Sectors allocated to individual EIA ~a)rdimtors w e mentioned in ~nnexure 111. 1
Name of Sector i
Cement Plants Pesticides industry and pesticide specific intermediates (excluding formulations) Synthetic organic chemicals industry (dyes & dye intermediates, bulk
& (Vip~n Sahni)
C.E.O.
Category A/B
B.
A
multiplexes, co~mercial. complexes, housing estates, hospitals, institutions 1
San Envirotech Pvt. Ltd., Ahmedabad
B