Prest WM Abridged) Envirotech 17.3

8/2/2019 Prest WM Abridged) Envirotech 17.3

1/20

Hands on Training in Appropriate

Instrumentation and Techniquesfor Ambient Air Quality Monitoring.New Delhi, March 17, 2012

Presentation on

Waste Minimisation &Zero Discharge

by

Dr. Dilip B. Boralkar

Former Member SecretaryMaharashtra Pollution Control Board, Mumbai

www.boralkar.com

Organised by

M/s Envirotech Insruments Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi
http://www.boralkar.com/http://www.boralkar.com/http://www.boralkar.com/


2/20

Introduction The waste minimization can be phrased differently:

Waste reduction or waste strength reduction;

Application of clean technologies or green technologies

Pollution prevention;

Environment-friendly technologies (LNWT)

The preference, naturally, will be reflected in the following order:

No waste generation at all

If waste is generated, it is recycled Residual wastes reduction v/w and in toxicity by treatment

Disposal of treated residues should be so smooth that it does not

adversely affect the recipient body (for example, discharge of

treated effluent through an out fall diffuser).


3/20

WM Program: Critical StepsApproach of out of site, out of mind to be changed

WM program to aim

Waste Quantity

Waste Toxicity

Recovery

ExpenditurePotential Risk

SavingRaw Material cost

SavingWaste Disposal


4/20

Preparation of WM Program:

Waste Audit : Characterize waste streams

Emission inventory : Quantification of release

Fugitive loss control

Good operating practice (GOP)

Good maintenance practice (GMP)


5/20

WM Techniques

Technology selected depends on nature of waste andtype of contaminants such as :

Contaminants Type Break-up

1. Organic Organic liquids, soils, sludge sediments Petroleum contaminated soils, sludge sediments Solvent contaminated soils, sludge sediments Rubber goods, tyre, belts, polymers, etc.

2. Inorganic Metal containing solutions Metal containing soils, sludge sediments Slag, bottom ashes, fly ash, foundry sands Batteries, mercury containing materials, etc.

3. Misc. Chemical tanks, demolition debris, transformers, ballasts,etc.


6/20

Waste Recycling Technologies : a.Wastes containing organics

Waste type Possible recycling technology

Organic solvent & petroleum product Distillation, energy recovery, decanting

Soils-sludge-sediments, solvent/ petroleumcontaminated or organic sledges

Energy recovery, decanting, thermaldesorption, solvent extraction

VOCs In-situ vacuum extraction,

Non-aqueous phase liquids (O & G) Pump and recover

Dissolved organics Freeze- crystallization

Propellant & explosives Energy recovery, extraction, reuse

Lead acid battery cases Energy recovery and/or reuse

Rubber goods (tyres, belts) Energy recovery, size reduction, reuse

Liquid monomers Distillation, energy recovery


7/20

Waste Recycling Technologies : b. Wastes containing inorganics

Waste type Possible recycling technologyMetal containingsolutions

Crystallization, precipitation, ion-exchange, RO, evaporation,cementation, electrowinning

Metal containingsoil, sludge,sediment, slag

Chemical leaching, solidification,vitrification,

Abrasive blasting

material, foundrysand

Use as raw material for cement,

vetrification

Lead acid & Ni-Cdbatteries

Chemical leaching, pyro-metallurgical processing, physical

separation


8/20

Waste Recycling Technologies : c. Miscellaneous waste

Waste type Possible recycling technology

Scrap chemicaltanks, pipes

Decontamination anddisassembly

Non-metalstructures anddemolition debris

Separation and disassembly, useas construction material

Wood debris Energy recovery

Transformer &ballast

PCB flush and treat, metalrecovery


9/20

Recycling Technologies

Distillation

Energy recovery (general)

Energy recovery (cementkiln)

Thermal desorption

Solvent extraction

Freeze crystallization Chemolysis

Thermolysis

Chemical precipitation

Ion Exchange

Liquid ion exchange (LIX)

Reverse Osmosis (RO)

Diffusion dialysis (DD)

Electrolysis (ED)

Evaporation

Cement raw materials

Physical separation

Adsorption


10/20

Implementation of WM ProgramA. Training

B. Raw material control

C. Managing utilities Boiler performance

A/F ratio Flue gas analysis Temperature O&M

Combustion in oil fired boiler Energy Pumps Fans Air compressors


11/20

Implementation of WM Program

D. Hardware & Machinery

Efficiency

Mechanical separation

Equipment modificationsE. Process Modification

Reactors

Effectiveness of catalysts

Heat exchangers : cause of waste due to reduced efficiency Distillation columns : cause of waste due to reduced

efficiency

D. Catalyst : Hastens reaction, increased conversion,reduced waste


12/20

Pollution of rivers due to sewage disposal:

Need for Zero DischargeThe dumping and discharge of untreated or

partially treated sewage and industrial waste

waters into the rivers is the principal causeof the slow death of these rivers.

The rivers systems are biologically dead.

People living on river banks suffer fromseveral ailments caused by microorganismspenetrating the food chain through suchcontaminated water sources.


13/20

Continued

In order to bring the river back to life, weneed to impose more stringent standards for

the treatment and discharge of domesticsewage and industrial effluent

It is now achievable with newly available,

cost-effective, not-so-space intensive andenvironmentally sound technologies.


14/20

Past Experience

A BOD of 30 mg/litre is nationalstandard for the disposal of treatedsewage or trade effluent into surface

water streams.The limit, though high, is not stringent

enough and it does not includeremoval of nitrogen and phosphorous

which are responsible foreutrophication of our water bodies.


15/20

continued

In fact, the efforts of 38 years of theimplementation of the Water

(Prevention and Control of Pollution)Act, 1974 and 25 years of theimplementation of the Environment

(Protection) Act, 1986 have not yieldedresults of even minimum satisfactionlevel.


16/20

Technologies

In the last few years several welcome technologicaldevelopments have taken place which ifimplemented would bring the rivers back to life.

The new technologies which include theSequential Batch Reactor (SBR), Moving Bed BioReactor (MBBR), Membrane Bio Reactor (MBR),Up-flow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB)

technology etc. are more efficient and more costeffective.

They require less space and save local municipalcorporations huge costs on land requirements.


17/20

continued

They can deliver 4 to 5 times better resultsas compared with those of conventionaltechnologies that were set up based on the

30 BOD standard: they can achieve anaverage of BOD 5mg/L for treated sewagewith maximum being


18/20

Policy

Policy interventions are required toseize the initiative and momentumfor river conservation gathered not

only at the government level butalso in public forums.

We have in the past decades ofdevelopment taken away the life ofthe rivers.


19/20

continued

We are solely responsible forreversing that situation.

If we do not do that in theimmediate future, especially when

we now have the technology, thecoming generation will neverforgive us.


20/20

Thanks very much!

For more information visit:

www.boralkar.com

Prest WM Abridged) Envirotech 17.3

Documents

Transcript of Prest WM Abridged) Envirotech 17.3