INTENT OF STUDY:• To study the site planning to evolve a low income

housing.• To study the designing of dwelling units for low income

projects.• To understand the use of locally available material for the

construction.

PROJECT DETAILS• Site: 6 Kilometers north of Indore city.

• Client: Indore Development Authority, Indore

• Architects: Vastu-Shilpa Foundation; B. V. Doshi

• Planner: Himanshu, H. Parikh

• Engineers: Muktirajsinhji Chauhan

• Consultant Engineers: V.D. Joshi, S.L. Shah,

• Land area: 220 acres (total)

• Phase I: 100 hectares

• Number of plots: 6500

• Population (projected): 40,000 (initial)

persons 65,000 (final)

• Planning: 1982

OBJECTIVES:• To improve and upgrade the existing slum area.• To provide serviced sites for new housing development

projects instead of building complete houses• To provide 6,500 residential plots ranging in size from

35m2 for EWS to 475m2 for high income groups

.

LOCATION:• The site is located 6 km north of Indore city. The city I

suitable in terms of linkages to the city and employment areas.

• There are large pockets of existing and proposed industrial areas within a range of 2km radius from the site.

• The site is approached by the Bombay-Delhi highway on the east

CONCEPT:• The project was conceptualized to be a pioneer in site

and service project.• With the indigenous factors in mind a masterplan was

prepared with the integration of built and unbuilt spaces; hierarchy and distribution of roads spaces and amenities.

• Cross subsidization through income mix and incrementally growing house over a service plot project has been the highlight of this project

DESIGN FEATURES:• Innovative cost effective infrastructure design and

incremental house growth with freedom in building has resulted into humane, manageable, user friendly and visually pleasing environment.

• Technological aspects were integrated with designing as an element. The service slot between houses for sewerage network became a successful cluster open space, play area and a visual pause breaking the linear mass of houses.

Hierarchy of green spaces

• At the community/ street level, the aim was to produce a design linking the scale of the built form and the human scale by incorporating a street life with plugged cluster houses, sympathetic and aesthetically complimenting each other and a socio cultural life of community interaction of families in the “otta” (outdoor platform).

• An important feature of the Indian home, at the service space between house, community spaces and the cul-de-sac.

• The street corner spaces are formed by the alternating arrangement of the road, the green space, and the pedestrian pathway

Site location

Plan showing varied houses with

backyard(open private spaces)

A typical housing cluster

ARANYA LOW COST HOUSING

Stages Of Development

PLANNING:• A net planning area of 85 hectares was laid out in six

sectors that converge on a central spine known as Central Business District.

Site divided into 6 sectors

• Whole planning is based on the requirements of the users.

• Road network hierarchy; its segregation from pedestrian pathways; open space hierarchy from service slots between 4 houses to group spaces between 40 houses to sectoral green for 1000 families and provision of amenities and social infrastructure within walking distances makes the project user friendly.

• The project comprises of 7,000 housing units in various income categories but predominantly EWS and all the necessary social, welfare, economic and infrastructure amenities are included.

• The site plan integrates a variety of the income groups. The poorest are located in the middle of each sector; higher income plots are along the periphery and the central spine of the settlement.

EWS- 65%LIG- 11%MIG- 14%HIG- 9%

Distribution of plots according to income groups

• An array of available options from, one room to more spacious houses, emphasize a sense of family and neighborhood while driving to encourage adaptation and personalization according to individual needs and resources.

residential60%

pedestrian25% open space

8%

commercial facility

7%

Other15%

SPACE USE

Division of spaces

• Owners were free to use any material for their house construction and decorations; brick, stone and cement are all available locally.

CIRCULATION NETWORK:• Vehicular access in the form of rectilinear and formal road

in the hierarchy of 4.5 mts wide to 15 mts wide road draw the vehicles outwardly.

• Pedestrian access in the form of informal interlinked open spaces draws people inwardly.

• This achieves a clear and safe segregation of vehicular and pedestrian movements.

Informal pedestrianpathway and open spaces

Vehicular roads

Accessibility

SERVICES:

SITE AND SERVICE APPROACH• Cost-effective• Progressive development of facilities.• Houses built by the people themselves to suit their needs.• Each family provided with a plot having a water tank,

sewerage connection, paved access with street lighting, storm water drainage

• Service cores - key to this site and service scheme.- nuclei around which houses were built.

• Houses were clustered in groups of 10.• Septic tank provided for every 2 clusters.• Water drawn from 3 local reservoirs.• To economize, 20 toilets are connected to 1 manhole.• One service line serves four rows of houses

BASIC PLAN OF A HOUSING UNIT• A house plan included two rooms and a living area

followed by a kitchen .

• Lavatory was constructed between the front extension and the multi use courtyard at the back.

• Most houses were provided with an additional access at the back , which allowed for keeping animals, a vehicle or even renting out part of the house to provide income.

• For interaction of families an otta (an important feature of the Indian home) was provided between the service spaces and the cul-de-sac.

• A service core was provided with the prime objective that the basic house when completed will be sensitive to the lifestyle and daily needs of individuals with the freedom to integrate indoor and outdoor spaces with privacy within and from outside the homes, by designing optional plan. • CLIMATE RESPONSIVE

FEATURES• Most of the plots small in size and clustered in

low rise blocks• Longer side facade oriented in the north-south

axis to reduce the solar radiation on the building.

• Each house has minimum exposure to wall surface and a common wall.

• The two openings on the north and south permit light and cross ventilation.

• Courtyards within the houses, cul-de-sacs, public squares and small activity areas shaded adequately by adjacent buildings.

• Use of locally available building materials.• Topography used for orientation of major

infrastructure network and spatial organization.

MATERIALS AND TECHNOLOGY:• Conventional and locally available building materials

and construction techniques were adopted. • The structures were constructed with load bearing brick

walls.• Walls were plastered and painted.• Floors were cement concrete.• The CRC roof was always constructed at a later stage

because it was a high investment item.• The black cotton soil of the site necessitated pile

foundation even for simple and 2-storey buildings.• Low cost hand made under reamed CRC piles were built

for the core house (latrine, wash room) and the residents were provided with ready built foundations.

• The doors, windows, and grills were made on site by all of the residents who made it their role.

• Railings, parapets and cornices were made to ornament the house.

The north south orientation of clusters

The building height to street width ratiois such that streets are shaded exceptwhen the sun is overhead

Typical house plans

• Site planning in its narrow sense involves the disposition of space for appropriate uses; the positioning of structures to provide effective relationships; the provision of access to structures in an expeditious, attractive, and safe manner; the design of the services, walks, streets, parking facilities, drainage, and utilities; the preservation of the natural advantage of the site, and its enhancement by landscaping.

• Analysis of the site should be made in terms of densities, housing types, construction types, topography and grading, and local requirements with regards to zoning, subdivision regulations, and utility services.

• SINGLE FAMILY HOUSES• ROW HOUSES• RENTAL HOUSING1. LOW RISE

APARTMENTS2. MID RISE APARTMENTS3. HIGH RISE

APARTMENTS

HOUSING TYPES:-

SITE PLANNINGINTRODUCTION

Prototype Neighborhood Plan

A well plannedneighborhood plan

BASIC TERMINOLOGY

• Building Height – Vertical Distance Measured From Average Ground Level And Continues To The Building Or As Decided By Authority To Terrace Of The Liveable Floor Of The Building. (Flat Roof)

• Building Line – Line Up to Which Plinth Of A Building Adjoining A Street Or Extension Of Street May Lawfully Extend. It May Change From Time To Time As Per Authorities.

• Coverage Area - Ground Area Covered By Building Immediately Above Plinth Line . Open Space Like Garden , Well, Plants, Chabutra, Catch Pts, Gully Pit, Gutter Etc Are Excluded From Coverage Area.

• Fire Separation – Distance Measured From External Wall Of Building Concerned To External Wall Of Any Other Building On Site Or Public Space For Purpose Of Preventing The Spread Of Fire.

• Floor – Lower Surface In A Storey On Which A Person Walks.

• F.A.R – Floor Area Ratio• = Total Covered Area Of All Floors • Plot Area

• Plinth Area – Built Up Covered Area Measured At Floor Level Of Basement Or Of Any Storey.

• Setback Line – A Line Usually Parallel To Plot Boundaries And Laid Down In Each Case By Authority Beyond Which Nothing Can Be Constructed Towards Site Boundaries.

• Carpet Area – Covered Area Of Usable Rooms At Any Floor Level (Excluding Area Of Wall)

• Density – It Is The Residential Density Expressed In Terms Of Number Of Dwelling Units Per Hectare.

TOPOGRAPHY

• Topography influences the character of thedevelopment. Hilly land, with grades greater than 10percent, may be developed for low density, high pricedhomes, or for multi-family projects of relatively lowdensity, but it is rarely adaptable to small lots and low-cost homes.

• Flat land, because of difficulty of obtaining gooddrainage for sewers and storm drains, may also not besuitable for low-priced homes.

• Gently sloping land without drainage pockets orswampy areas or underlying rock is best for low-costdevelopment.

Example of lot layout Topography used to drain off water from site

LOT LAYOUT

The layout of the lots can make a difference between anattractive and an unattractive development and alsodifference between an economical and an uneconomicalproject.

SINGLE FAMILY HOUSES

• These are employed by the developers as they are based on the use of identical designs.

• Lot sizes for single family detached house are wider these days; 60 ft.. is considered the minimum width and 70 to 80 ft. is more usual.

• This provides one storey houses with large glass areas and provision for outdoor living with a reasonable degree of privacy.

• Devices such as patios and courts and fenced-in areas are used to provide privacy when lot sizes are small.

• Garages or carports are often included on the side boundaries.

various site setbacks for detached houses

Single family semi detached houses

Plan of semi detached lot layout

LIBRARY STUDY- HOUSING

• These are planned as individual or as groups with coordinated designs.

• It is now built at lower densities and with more emphasis on open space; it often includes club-like structures like swimming pools and tennis courts.

• Densities of 15 to 25 families per acre and coverage of 15 to 25 percent are standard in garden apartment development.

• These include individual garages or a communal parking area.

RENTAL HOUSING

• These types of houses are employed for large scaleresidential projects.

• The groups of houses are built with uniform plans and designs can be laid out in compact or spacious configurations.

• Lots should be 20 to 25 ft. wide; wider lots with side yards should be provided at end of group.

• Garages should be provided either within the house structure itself or as a one storey attached structure, often a carport, at the front of the house.

Row houses with detached parking

Row house lot layout Layout of houses with central court

ROW HOUSES

Dwelling unit D.U.’s per net acre

Avg. sq. ft. of lot per D.U.

Single family 1 40,000

Single family 2 20,000

Single family 3 12,500

Single family 4 10,000

Two family 6 6,000

Row house 15 2,600

Garden apartment

25 1,600

Multistory apartment

50 800

Dwelling unit type Lot dimension in feet

net densitydwelling units/acre

Single family

Detached 100x200 2.0

80x160 3.5

70x140 3.3

60x125 4.3

50x100 6.5

Semi-detached 30x125 8.7

26x125 10.0

Row house,2 storey 20x100 16.3

16x100 20.4

Garden apartment

Two storey - 15-25

Three storey - 35-35

Apartments multi storey up to 12

- 50-85

Lot areas and dwelling densities

Lot sizes and dwelling densities

ROADS

The road space necessary for the free movement ofvehicles comprises vehicle size, side and head clearances,an extra allowance for oncoming traffic, and space forverges, drainage gutters and hard shoulders.

Based on a vehicle height of 4.20 m the safe clearanceheight is 4.50 m.

Although it is better to allow 4.75 m to cater for repairs tothe carriageway surface.

• The safe side clearance is dependent on the maximumspeed limit for the area.

• The basic space required for cyclists is 1m wide by 2.25 mhigh.

• For pedestrians, space required is 0.75 m by 2.25 m.• For sufficient head clearance for foot- and cycle paths, 2.50

m should be allowed.• The safe side clearance for cyclists is 0.25 m. • To harmonize the design, constructional and operational

use of roads, standard cross-section should be strictly observed unless there are special reasons.

Space requirement for cyclists without side green

Space requirement for cyclists with side green

Road dimensions in housing estate

Road dimensions with parking on both sides

STREETS

• In a city that is connected, traffic flows smoothlyand the street system works for bikes, buses,pedestrians as well as autos.

• The street pattern within the area should be designed to discourage through traffic.

• Streets are intended primarily to provide access to and circulation within the area. Streets serving other purposes (arterial roads) should bound rather than penetrate the area.

• At the boundaries, major streets are an asset if they provide good access to the other areas of the community.

• Arterial streets should be located at approximately one-mile intervals in both east-west and north-south directions.

Single-family units Multi-family units

Street width 50 feet 60 feet

Pavement width 26feet 32 feet

Curbs Straight recommended

Same

Sidewalks

Width 4 feet min. Same

Set-back 3 ft if no trees7 ft with trees

Same

Horizontal alignment

200 ft min sight distance

Same

Cul-de-sac 400-500 ft max length

Same

Turnarounds 40 ft min curb radius w/t parking

Same

50 ft min curb radius with parking

Same

Pavement surface

Non-skid with strength to carry traffic load

Same

Typical street cross sections

Street intersection patterns

Traditional grid layout

• The width of the interior streets should be consistent with their function and the density of housing they serve

• At least one Major Collector should divide the segment east-west and another should divide the segment north-south and these Major Collector Streets should intersect the arterials nearly at half.

• Collector streets, those carrying traffic from minor streets to arterial roads should have a paved width of 36 ft., consisting of two moving lanes and two parking lanes.

• Minor Collector Streets should connect with each other• Minor streets, depending upon the off-street parking provisions

and the density of the area they serve, should be 26 ft. wide for single-family detached houses and 32 ft. wide for row houses and apartments.

SURFACE DRAINAGE

• Not only the entire site be graded for proper drainage buteach individual lot and block are separately and carefullyconsidered.

Drainage in gentle cross slope

Drainage along valley in rear

Drainage if edge slope in rear

PARKING

Dwelling size Total no. of parking spaces required

No of spaces provided 1 2 3 4

Terrace

houses

1 bed 1.75 2.25

2 , 3 bed 2 2.25

Semi detached 3 bed 2.25 2.5 3.25 4.25

4 bed 2.5 2.75 3.5 4.25

Detached 3 bed 2.5 2.75 3.5 4.25

4 bed 2.75 3 3.75 4.5

5 bed 3 3.25 3.75 4.5

Parking requirements when in house parking spaces are provided

Parking requirements at various angles

Closed bay off streetparking

Parking court to bringparking close to houses

Open bay offstreet parking

A presentation by:

12620 Ashish12621 Satya

12623 Ananya12638 Abhishek