Final Annual PV Report Betl Apr09 Mar10

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STUDY ON TESTINGFEASIBILITY OF SOLAR ENERGY

IN THE PALESTINIAN TERRITORIES

FALLING WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF THE EXTRAORDINARY FINANCIALASSISTANCE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC TO THE PALESTINIAN TERRITORIESFOLLOWING THE DECISION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC

NO. 801/2008 OF 27THJUNE 2008

Photovoltaic Installation 2,16kWpBethlehem

4th Quartal and Final Annual Report

April 2009March 2010

Electromechanical Engineering Co. Ltd., Bethlehem, PalestineSUNNYWATT CZ s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic


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PV SystemFinal Annual Report

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Basic project data

Type of engineering work: Photovoltaic system 2,16kWp with meteorological sensors and datalogger

Aim of the project: - To test a grid connected photovoltaic system in the meteorological conditions ofPalestine and collect data for a precise design of grid connected and off-grid

systems in this location

- To establish cooperation between a Czech and Palestinian company in field ofrenewable energy and independent local energy production

Designer and developer: Elemco Electromechanical Engineering Co. Ltd.in partnership with SUNNYWATT CZ s.r.o. Czech Republic

Building site: Bethlehem, Palestine

Positioning: Rooftop system

Part: Final Annual Report: April 2009March 2010

Author of the report: Ing. Petr WolfSUNNYWATT CZ s.r.o.

Contact: Sunnywatt CZ

Jizersk 322/35196 00 Prague 9,Czech [email protected]

Contact persons:

Ing. Petr [email protected]: 00420 733 708 782(responsible project coordinator)

Ing. Miroslav [email protected]: 00420 603 460 448(head of the company)

Elemco Electromechanical Engineering Co. Ltd.Al Madaress Str., Bethlehem

P.O. Box 912West BankPalestineTel: 00970 (02) 277 [email protected][email protected]

Contact person:William Anton Abu Zaouloftel: 00972 599 25 00 29
http://www.sunnywatt.cz/http://www.sunnywatt.cz/


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1. Basic description

In March 2009 Czech company Sunnywatt CZ s.r.o. in cooperation with PalestinianElemco Electromechanical Engineering Co. Ltd. has mounted a photovoltaic (PV) systemon the roof of the building of Elemco company. The main objective of this project was totest how a real PV system behaves in weather conditions of Palestine, collect the data for

a precise design of grid connected and off-grid photovoltaic systems and establishcooperation between two companies with experience in electrical engineering,Sunnywatt CZ from Czech Republic and Elemco from Palestine. Before this project therewere no real data of such a photovoltaic system available from the Palestinian territory,all designs and analysis had to be based on simulations, which caused problems anduncertainty. Photovoltaic energy can play an important rule in this area in the near futureand therefore before starting big project it is important to have experience in localconditions with these systems.

The system was designed as a small scale PV system equipped with a monitoring unitin order to collect data for a long term observation and evaluation in local climatic

conditions.All parts of used equipment have been mounted and tested in Prague by company

Sunnywatt on outdoor conditions before delivery to Palestine to avoid potential problemsby setting the devices into operation.

Collecting of the data started on 18.3.2009. The input data for this report are fromdates 01.04.200931.03.2010.

This report is the final report after one year of collecting the data and monitoringthe system. This annual report can be used as a basic reference for photovoltaicsystems that will be used in meteorological conditions of Mediterranean climatewith hot and dry summers and cold winters. For these conditions applies mostplaces with similar altitude in the West Bank.

Both companies will continue on running the system in order to have a longterm evaluation of meteorological conditions and PV system performance. After onyear of operation the system is working with no problems or degradation. The effectof aging of the system, especially modules has not been detected and littleperformance decrease will be probably visible after more years of operation.


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The PV system consists of:

PV generator unit

- 12pcs PV modules Sunnywatt 180W

- Inverter SMA SB 2100TL

- Construction set

- Cabling, switchboards with electrical equipment

(fuses, overvoltage protection etc.)

Monitoring unit

- SMA sensor box

- Meteorological sensors (wind speed, ambient temperature, module temperature,

irradiance sensor)

- Power injector

- Sunny WebBox (datalogger, ftp server)

- Cabling, switchboards with electrical equipment

- Colored IP camera with IR night lighting

- Notebook


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2. 4thquartal report

The 4thquartal report shows the operation of the system in the period January 2010 March 2010.

Energy output of the system:

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Dailyenergy(kWh)

Daily energy yield (kWh)

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W/m2

kWh

Energy yield per month (kWh) Mean irradiance (W/m2)

Energy yield and mean irradiance in observed months


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Energy yield per monthEnergy yield per

month (kWh)

Mean irradiance

(W/m2)

Mean wind speed

(km/h)

Mean module

temperature (C)

Mean ambient

temperature (C)

January 2010 233,57 179,41 6,20 18,60 14,17

February 2010 242,99 195,39 7,85 16,80 12,66March 2010 306,86 228,36 8,69 16,49 11,36

In January we obtained a similar energy yield as in February, in March we alreadyrealized increased energy output.

Mean temperature increase on solar panels due to irradiat ion is cca. 5C.On sunny days in this period the typical ambient air temperatures were 17C and moduletemperature 30C. The low ambient air temperatures result in high efficiency of PV

panels in this period.


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3. Annual evaluation

Comparison of annual obtained energy (April 2009 March 2010)and the estimation using PVGIS

Bethlehem - real production (kWh) Bethlehem - PV GIS estimation (kWh)

Apr 2009 348,91 309

May 2009 363,07 345

Jun 2009 367,71 358

Jul 2009 385,22 368

Aug 2009 383,09 358

Sep 2009 345,06 326

Oct 2009 308,21 276

Nov 2009 253,02 216

Dec 2009 213,18 191

Jan 2010 233,57 183

Feb 2010 242,99 197

Mar 2010 306,86 277

Annual yield

(April 2009 - March 2010) 3750,89 3404

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Energyyieldpermonth(kWh)

Bethlehem - real production (kWh) Bethlehem - PV GIS estimation (kWh)

Energy yield and mean irradiance in observed months

The really obtained energy from the PV system in Palestine is in all observedmonths slightly higher than the estimated values using PVGIS. During the observerperiod (April 2009 March 2010) the real production was 10,2% above theestimation (3751kWh real, 3404kWh estimated).

Calculated on 1kWp of installed power we can expect with a PV installation witha high efficiency inverter and small losses in cables etc. the annual yield

1737kWh/kWp.


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Wind speed

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Mean daily wind speed during one year of monitoring

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Windspeed(km/h)

Mean monthly wind speed during one year of monitoring

Mean monthly wind speed varies from cca. 5,6km/h to 10,7km/h. In the summer period

the wind blow seem to be more constant, with no big variations.


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Temperature

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letemperature

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Mean daily module temperature during one year of monitoring (C)

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bienttemperature(C)

Mean daily ambient air temperature during one year of monitoring (C)


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Temperaturedifference(C)

Mean daily temperature difference between modules and ambient air (C)

Figure of temperature difference between modules and ambient air shows the temperature

increase caused by irradiation. During summer period the mean daily increase is cca. 8C and is

almost constant because the irradiation is stable. In winter time there are more days with cloudy

weather and the temperature increase varies more.

Mean monthly temperatures during one year of monitoringMean monthly temperatures of modules and ambient air reach maximum in June, July and

August. The reach minimum values in December, January, February and March, in these months

they are almost constant.


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Irradiation(W/m^2)

Temperature(C)

Module temperature (C) Ambient temperature (C) Irradiation (W/m^2)

One day temperature and irradiation on a clear sunny day in winter (29.01.2010)

One day temperature and irradiation on a cloudy day in winter (29.01.2010)


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One day temperature and irradiation on a clear sunny day in summer (21.07.2010)

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Irradiation(W/m^2)

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Module temperature (C) Ambient temperature (C) Irradiation (W/m^2)

One day temperature and irradiation on a cloudy day in summer (11.08.2010)


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Energy yield

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Energyyieldperday(kWh)

Energy yield per day during one year of monitoring (kWh)

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Meanirradiance(W/m2)

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yyieldpermonth(kWh)

Energy production (kWh) Mean irradiance (W/m2)

Monthly energy yield and irradiance during one year of monitoring


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peryear)

kWh/day

Daily energy distribution during one year - histogram

It is most likely that the energy on a chosen day will exceed 10kWh or more (296 outof 365 days). The most probable case is between 12-13kWh (32% of cases).

Energy yield per day versus the mean daily irradiation

Daily energy yield corresponds with the daily mean irradiation with little variationscaused by temperature and wind.


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Performance factorPerformance factor indicates the relation between the power generated by the system

and solar irradiance. It shows how much the system is affected by the temperature,reflectance, losses in cables, inverter etc.

0,740

0,760

0,780

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0,880

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Performancefactor(-)

Energy yield per day versus the mean daily irradiation

The performance factor achieves relatively high values comparing to other PVinstallations worldwide. The main reasons are high efficient modules, transformless PVinverter with high efficiency and small distances in cables. Also the cooling of modules isvery good because it is a rooftop installation on flat roof, so the wind has a high speed andthe panels can be effectively cooled.


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4. Conclusion

The PV system in Palestine together with the monitoring unit is working without anyproblems. The obtained data show that the rough estimation of annual energy is close tothe really obtained values. The really obtained energy in the period of April-Decemberis cca. 11% above the expected value.

The monthly energy yield is in the region of Palestine much better balanced thanin middle Europe. This means that in Palestine for example autonomousphotovoltaic systems for rural areas can work more balanced and more efficient inthe whole year.


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5. Economical aspects

This article briefly describes the economical aspects of photovoltaic energy usage inthe territories of Palestine.

Until now there has been no implementation of a feed in tariff in Palestine. The Israelgovernment has recently introduced fixed feed in tariffs with annual decrease of 4%.

The feed in tariff depends on the installed power and for the year 2010 is set1,97 0,73 NIS / kWh. For renewable energy one can get premium green payment of0,44NIS/kWh. The photovoltaic system can be therefore simply connected to the grid anddeliver all energy to the grid. With the local energy yield of cca. 1730kWh / kWp andphotovoltaic system costs of cca. 15,5 NIS / Wp we can assume the investment paybacktime of 4years for middle scale systems.

In Palestine, the photovoltaic can be at present time used for own use, to reduce theenergy costs for buying electricity. In such conditions, the owner of a PV plant reducesonly his own electricity bill, but can not get any extra money for selling the energy to thegrid. With the estimated energy costs of about 0,13/ kWh the investment payback time

is 14years. This is only in case that connection to electrical grid is already available.

For areas situated far from electrical grids, the situation is completely different andsolar energy is fully competitive with other sources of energy.

One must decide if to use diesel generator with expensive operation costs or make aconnection to the nearest electrical grid or build his own solar photovoltaic system.

The photovoltaic energy offers in this case the best option- compared toa typical small diesel generator (1 5kW) the payback time of photovoltaic systemis about 3 years. Photovoltaic system is almost maintenance free and running withno exhaust or noise.

The Palestinian Territories have practically no energy resources and are nowadaysfully dependant on energy source imports. The Palestinian electricity sector suffers frommany problems, such as high transmission losses and high electricity prices per kWh.The Palestinian Territories are dependent on the Israel Electric Co. for nearly all of theirelectrical needs. Seven percent of the Palestinian population is still without access to anuninterrupted electricity service. These problems can be solved with help of new energysources, such as solar power and wind power.

The electricity consumption in Palestinian territories is divided by sectors as follows:

Residential 61%

Commercial 22%

Industrial 9%Others (water pumping, street lighting,.) 8%


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Final Annual PV Report Betl Apr09 Mar10

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