Figure 25.0 Fossil of a fish: perch
Figure 25.1 A gallery of fossils
Figure 25.1a Dinosaur National Monument
Figure 25.1b Skulls of Australopithecus and Homo erectus
Figure 25.1c Petrified trees
Figure 25.1d Leaf impression
Figure 25.1e Ammonite
Figure 25.1f Dinosaur tracks
Figure 25.1g Scorpion in amber
Figure 25.1h Mammoth tusks
Figure 25.1x1 Sedimentary deposit
Figure 25.1x2 Barosaurus
Table 25.1 The Geologic Time Scale
Figure 25.2 Radiometric dating
Figure 25.3 Earth’s crustal plates and plate tectonics (geologic processes resulting from plate movements)
Figure 25.3x1 Crustal plate boundaries
Figure 25.3x2 San Andreas fault
Figure 25.4 The history of continental drift
Figure 25.5 Diversity of life and periods of mass extinction
Figure 25.6 Trauma for planet Earth and its Cretaceous life
Figure 25.6x Chicxulub crater
Figure 25.7 Hierarchical classification
Figure 25.8 The connection between classification and phylogeny
Unnumbered Figure (page 494) Cladograms
Figure 25.9 Monophyletic versus paraphyletic and polyphyletic groups
Figure 25.10 Convergent evolution and analogous structures
Figure 25.11 Constructing a cladogram
Figure 25.12 Cladistics and taxonomy
Figure 25.13 Aligning segments of DNA
Figure 25.14 Simplified versions of a four-species problem in phylogenetics
Figure 25.15a Parsimony and molecular systematics
Figure 25.15b Parsimony and molecular systematics (Layer 1)
Figure 25.15b Parsimony and molecular systematics (Layer 2)
Figure 25.15b Parsimony and molecular systematics (Layer 3)
Figure 25.16 Parsimony and the analogy-versus-homology pitfall
Figure 25.17 Dating the origin of HIV-1 M with a molecular clock
Figure 25.18 Modern systematics is shaking some phylogenetic trees
Figure 25.19 When did most major mammalian orders originate?