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United States Department of the Interior

Geological Survey

A NEW HEAT-FLOW CONTOUR MAP OF THE CONTERMINOUS UNITED STATES

by

J. H. Sass, W. H. Diment, A. H. Lachenbruch, B. V. Marshall,

R. J. Munroe, T. H. Moses, Jr., and T. C. Urban

Open-File Report 76-756

1976

This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey standards and nomenclature,

This report presents a series of maps depicting our interpretation

of the heat flow within the conterminous United States based on all the

data available to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) as of August 1976.

Sources include all published data and about a hundred new USGS values

currently being readied for publication.

Figure 1 shows the distribution of points. The dots are USGS

values, and the circles, those published by other institutions. For

completeness, points in northern Mexico, southern Canada, and the

Pacific coastal waters are included. A few points were left off the

map. These included sites where the temperature profile showed curva-

ture not related to changes in thermal conductivity and sites within a

3-km radius of hot springs or other currently active hydrothermal

manifestations. Because of problems associated with the scale of the

map, we have occasionally generalized one value from a number within a

small area. In other instances where a sharp transition occurs over a

short distance, one point is offset to show clearly the control for the

transition.

In Figare 2 ; observed heat-flow data (q) are shown as coded symbols

with state boundaries and latitudes and longitudes as points of reference

Figure 3 shows our interpretation of the heat-flow field as a

contour map. Our aim was to produce a map that was as objective as

possible, and in general, we were guided by the heat flow alone without

reference to other geological or geophysical quantities; however in

drawing the contours in areas of spotty control, we were guided by

thermal criteria such as the presence or absence of hot springs.

Figure 3a shows the contours for the entire continental United States,

and Figure 3b, for the western part of the country where most of the

thermal structure is found.

Figure 4 shows the reduced heat flow (q ) plotted on a base adapted

from the physiographic map of Fenneman (1946). The reduced heat flow

(see e.g., Roy and others, 1972) is defined by q = q - DA. where

q = surface heat flux, A , the observed radioactivity, and D, an empirically

determined constant for a given heat-flow province. For the United

States west of the Great Plains, D is 10 km and for eastern United

States, D was taken as 7.5 km (cf. Roy and others, 1968a; Birch and

others, 1968). Figures 2 and 4 represent an updating and revision of

Figures 9 and 10 of Diment and others (1975). The sources of individual

points (with the exception of the unpublished USGS data which are now

being readied for publication) may be obtained from Table 1 which lists

published data by state, physiographic province, and geographic location.

TABLE 1. Locations, heat flow (q, HFU) and heat production (A, HGU) for published values plotted on Figures 1 through 4

U.S.A. AL AP T01 U.S.A. AZ BR SRM AZ BR HV1 AZ BR CNT AZ BR T82 AZ BR TB3 AZ BR SRI AZ BR TB4 AZ BR TB5 AZ BR HP1 AZ BR MN1 AZ BR OR1 AZ BR OR1 AZ BR AJ1 AZ BR KCL AZ BR SB1 AZ BR RR1 AZ BR SM2 AZ BR OR1 AZ BR SM1 AZ BR YU2 AZ BR YU3 AZ BR ELI AZ BR CH1 AZ BR RW1 AZ BR BC1 AZ BR HOI AZ BR TM1 AZ BR PHI AZ BR QZ1 AZ BR 802 AZ BR B61 AZ BR HL1 AZ BR WHL U.S.A. CA SB ET1 CA SB ET2 CA SB ET3 CA SB ET4 CA SB ETS CA BR IV! CA BR IV2 CA BR IV3 CA BR IV4 CA BR CA BR CA BR IV7 CA FS ET6 CA FS AZ1 CA FS AZ2 CA SB AZ3 CA BR CK3 CA FS LSI CA FS AC1 CA FS S82 CA FS SB3 CA FS SB4 CA BR LC1 CA BR BHW

IV5 IV6

ALABAMATALLAOEGAARIZONASANTA RITA MTS. 4719HELVETIA A729CONTINENTAL A972 TWIN BUTTES A940 TWIN BUTTES A616 SIERRITA MTS. TWIN BUTTES A911 TWIN BUTTES A644HELMET PEAK A545 MISSION 106 DRAGOON UCSD 4 DRAGOON UCSD 4AJOTUCSON KCL-7SILVER BELL 0151RED ROCK 0-9-7 SAN MANUEL ORACLE UCSD-3 SAN MANUEL YUMA LCRP-13 YUMA LCRP-26ELOY 0-7-8 CHRISTMAS MINE SM-1 RAINBOW VALLEY UCSD-2 BUCKEYE HILLS UCSD-1 H1GLEY 0-1-6 TEHPE A-l-3PHOENIX ST-1OUARTZSITEBAGDAD 13-64BAGOAD 8-62HUALAPAI MTS.WHITE HILLSCALIFORNIAEL CENTRO POEL CENTRO DUEL CENTRO JAEL CENTRO LOEL CENTRO CWIMPERIAL VALLEY UCR 127IMPERIAL VALLEY UCR 116IMPERIAL VALLEY UCR 123IMPERIAL VALLEY UCR 122IMP^IAL VALLEY UCf; 124 iKFxK'IAL VALLEY UCK 125IMPERIAL VALLEY UCR 126 EL CENTRO SVANZA A-l ANZA A-3 ANZA A-2EAGLE MT. CK-3 L. A. BASIN L8-1 SANTA ANA AC-I SAN BERNADINO SB-2 SAN BERNAOINO SB-10 SAN BERNAOINO SB-5 LUCERNE VALLEY LV-18ARSTOW MlOtll

RO 68 33-16 86-01

RO 68 RO 68 RO 68 US 71 US 71 RO 68 US 71 US 71 US 71 RO 68 WA 69WA 69RO 68 US 71 RO 68 US 71 LO 48 WA 69 US 71 US 71 US 71 US 71 US 71 WA 69 WA 69 US 71 US 71 US 71 RO 68 RO 68 RO 68 RO 68 RO 68

HE 68 HE 68 HE 68 HE 68HE 68CO 71 CO 71 CO 71 CO 71CO 71 CO 71 CO 71 HE 68HE 68HE 68 HE 68 US 71 US 71 US 71HE 6aHE 68 HE 68 HE 68 RO 68

31-50 31-52 31-53 31-53 31-53 31-53 31-54 31-54 31-5831-5932-02 32-02 32-06 32-11 32-25 32-36 32-37 32-37 32-40 32-41 32-4432-4733-02 33-11 33-17 33-19 33-25 33-3233-3834-3534-3635-08 35-43

32-36 32-37 32-40 32-41 32-43 32-46 32-47 32-47 32-48 32-48 32-49 32-5032-5233-30 33-32 33-32 33-52 33-5333-5834-15 34-15 34-16 34-37 34-39

110-45110-48111-00 111-02 111-02 111-08 111-02 111-03 111-04 111-04 110-04 110-04 112-45 111-07 111-32 111-36 110-39 110-48 110-42 114-37 114-37 111-29 110-41 112-39 112-38111-43112-01 112-20 114-20 113-11 113-12113-49114-22

116-36 116-45 116-07 116-22 115-57 115-14 115-15 115-15 115-15 115-15 115-14115-15116-34 116-36 116-36 116-48 115-26 118-02 117-38 117-19 117-20 117-20 116-43 116-41

q

0.95

2.061.782.471.561.882.01.982.102.142.981.581.582.42.562.360.851.21.851.542.101.921.301.402.413.421.701.103.002.41.641.62.142.82

0.801.401.501.201.902.64.93.83.32.92.12.9

.10

.87

.76

.46

.29

.74

.60

.63

.581.081.651.6

A

3.8

5.307.7

5.3

3.13.16.0

5.76.00

1.50

10.7

6.62.0

3.602.892*204.00

3.40

3.70

3.1

TABLE 1. Locations, heat flow (q, HFU) and heat production (A, HGU) for published values plotted on Figures 1 through 4 (continued)

CA PS LH3 LAKE HUGHES LH-3 CA PS LH2 LAKE HUGHES LM-2 CA PS LH1 LAKE HUGHES LM-1CA PE TEl TEHACHAPI MT. OHISACA PE TE2 TEHACHAPI MT. OH-70CA PE TE3 TEHACHAPI MT. OH-UCA PE TE4 TEHACHAPI MT. DH-43CA PE TE5 TEJON RANCH OH-43CA PE TE6 TEHACHAPI MT. OH-65t67CA PE TE7 TEJON RANCH OH-65»67t6CA PE EH1 ELK HILLS 382-36CA PE EH2 ELK HILLS 343-36CA PE EH3 ELK HILLS 344-35SCA PE EH4 ELK HILLS 372-35RCA PE EHS ELK HILLS 326-28RCA PE EH6 ELK HILLS 38S-24ZCA PE EH7 ELK HILLS 366-24ZCA PV TS1 LA PANZA TS-1CA PE WB1 WEST OP BAKERSPIELOCA 8R C03 COSO AREACA PV HT3 HOLLISTER HO-3CA PW NTS HOLLISTER HO-5CA PW HT1 HOLLISTER HO-1CA PW HT4 MOLLISTER HO-4CA PW HT6 HOLLISTER HO-6CA PW HT2 HOLLISTER HO-2 fc 7CA PW HT7 HOLLISTER HO-8CA SN JS1 JOSE BASINCA SN SJR SAN JOAQUIN EX. RANGECA SN HCI HELMS CREEKCA SN STI SHERMAN THOMASCA PE PRM PERMANENTECA 8R OSP DEEP SPRINGSCA PE SE1 SUNNYVALE C-3CA PE MPI MENLO PARK MP-ICA PE OMl DUMBARTON S.F. BAYCA BR BRK BLACK ROCKCA PE TRl TRACY OM-2CA PE MST BERKELEY MSTWCA SN OMl OHO RANCHCA SN WR1 WIGHT'S LAKECA SN L01 LOOMISCA SN BL1 BLOOGETTCA SN AOM AUBURN 0AMCA SN LKl LOON LAKECA SN GR1 GRASS VALLEYCA SN SJ3 SAN JUAN RIDGECA PE PBG FORT BRAOGCA PE WIL WILLITTS EC-ICA CR EG7 COTTONWOOO GLAOE EG-7CA CR EG8 COLO CREEK EG-8CA BS MLV MOONLIGHT VALLEYU.S.A. COLORADOco RM TII TRINIDAD «iCO RM MSI HESPERUS ODH-1 CO RM SMM SUMMITVILLE OOH-SM31 CO CP OV1 DOVE CREEK ODH-8.9 CO CP OV2 DOVE CREEK OOH-K1 CO RM SN1 SILVERTONco RM out OURAY OOH-ICO RM MAK MARY ALICE-CREEK

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68686868686868716871717171717171717147756868686868686871717171717171687171717168686868716857717171717171

7568747474757475

34-3934-4134-4434-5134-5234-5234-5334-5334-5634*5635-1635-1635-1735-1735-1735-1835-1835-2635-2836-0336-3236-3536-4336-4836-5036-5336-5537-0637-0637-0.37-1037-1937-2437-2737-2737-2937-4137-4637-5238-3338-5038-5038-5238-5238-5939-1239-2439-2639-3439-4239-4240-13

37-1337-2337-2637-4737-4737-4837-5638-03

118-29118-26118-24118-44118-45118-45118-46118-46118-49118-49119-23119-24119-22119-28119-31119-33119-34120-30119-45117-46 1121-40121-27121-24121-20121-17121-35120-M119-23119*44118-59120-04 (122*07 i118*00122-02 I122-10 i122-08 i118-32 I121-35 I122-15 i120*34 I120-15 (121-10 <120-39121*03 <120-19121-03 <130-52 <123-44 I123-07122-48122-53120-48

104-43 t108-04 i106-36 i108-46 I108-51 2107-37 i107-40 :107-30

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.56

.72

.48

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.30

.36

.26

.12

.20

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.20

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.21

.29

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2.603.408.70

7.702.10

1.10

5.40

3.40

3.72.19.00.70

3.4

4.701.806.40

6.83.201.70

2.802.4010.50

TABLE 1. Locations, heat flow (q, I FIT) and heat production (A, HGTJ) Tor published values plotted on Figures 1 through 4 (continued)

n A

CO RM NE1 NELLIE CREEKco RM wji WESTCLIFFE oOH-3,4.9*iCO CP ATI ATKLUSON MESA CO RM WT1 WETMORE *1 CO RH OKI GEM PARK ODH-3.4 CO CP WSM WILD STEER MESAco RM CCY CANON CITY OOH-ICO RM CUP CUMBERLAND PASS DOH-CP2CO RM BVA BUENA VISTACO GP REC RED CREEK 7CO RM CBE CRESTED BUTTECO CP 6L1 GLAOE PARK DOH-10»11*16CO RM PD1 PARADISE PASS OOHPP-2CO RM KOI KOKOMO DOH-1201co RM SPK SOUTH PARKCO RM R81 ROBERTS TUNNELco RM ROI REOCLIFTECO RM GMN OILMAN DON E324CO RM UR1 URAO DOH-CX111.124CO CP TG2 RIO BLANCO TG2.3CO RM G01 GOLDEN OOH-1CO RM CHY CENTRAL CITYCO RM RMA ROCKY MT. ARSENALCO RM APX APEX DOH-17BHco CP RFI RIFLE 28-i & u-iCO CP YC2 YELLOW CREEK CH-2co CP YCI YELLOW CREEK CH-I co CP BRU BARCUS CREEK ec-i co CP YCS YELLOW CREEK cn-3CO RM AMI ADAMS TUNNEL U.S.A. DIST OF COLUM DC AP OC1 ORB-1 USA FLORIDA PL CN 001 NEAR ORLANOO U.S.A. GEORGIA GA CN LR1 LA GRANGE GA CN GM1 GRIFFIN U.S.A. IDAHOID cu ioi PT. PICKED OFF MAPID RM WAI WALLACEID RM SRI SILVER SUMMITID RM CMl CRESCENT MINEU.S.A. ILLINOISIL IP CY1 CRESCENT CITY. T*DEN 1IL IP CY2 CRESCENT CITY. F. WESSELIL IP CY3 CRESCENT CITY. CONDUIT 1IL IP AN1 ANCONA. MUSSER 1U.S.A* "- INDIANAIN IP ROI ROYAL CENTER S-36.38IN IP R02 ROYAL CENTER S-55IN IP R03 ROYAL CENTER S-46IN IP MII MONROEVILLE. L. WELLIN IP LFl LINKVILLE FIELDU.S.A. IOWAIA IP CIO CAIRO* P. HUTCHlNSON 2IA IP KE1 KEOTA. L. VOGEL 1IA IP KE2 KEOTA* J. ANDERSON 1IA IP RLI REOFIELO. BOOK i IA IP RL2 REOFIELO. SROOERICK i iA IP RL3 REOFICLD. PRICE i IA IP vii VINCENT* ANDERSON 1*3

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44-0647-2947-3047-30

40-4540-4640-4941-01

40-5340-5540-5540-5941-23

41-1241-2241-23410441-4041-4242-38

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TABLE 1. Locations, heat flow (q, HFU) and heat production (A, HGU) for published values plotted on Figures 1 through 4 (continued)

IAIAu.KSKSU.MIHIMIMIU.M MEU.MAMAMAMAU.MIMIMIMIMIMIMIMIMIMIMIMIMIMIMIMIMIMIU.MNMNMNMNU.MOMOMOMOU.MTMTMTMTMTMTMTMTMTMTMTMTMT

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37-5738-23

47-1147-3547-4948-02

44-0344-24

41-4542-2342*3742-38

42-0642-2642-2642-4342-4442-4442-4442-4843*3243-3243-5044-0344-0444-0944-1246-4547-1747-24

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70-0571-07 ]72-27 171-25 ]

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1.801.44

1.161.201.67.63

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.15

.03

.89

.82

.24

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.17

.31

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.39

.63

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.94

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.98

.93

.91

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12.9

11.6

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5.5

5.505.505.505.2

4.88.67.0

TABLE 1. Locations, heat flow (q, HFU) and heat production (A, HGU) for published values plotted on Figures 1 through 4 (^continued)

a AMT RH Oil OTTOWA GULCH OOM-1,2MT RH W01 WOODCHOPPER G. DOH-4,6MT RM C01 CONTINENTAL DIVIDE ODH-MT RH 801 BALD 8UTTE OOM-9,10-13HT RH EM1 EMPIRE CREEK DOH-15MT RH NHI NEIHART 36*3?MT RM LI1 LINCOLN 1.29MT RH LEI LIBBYMT RM CX1 CONRADHT RH KNI KEVIN-SUNBURSTU.S.A. NEVADANV BR CE1 CRESCENT PEAK 1NV BR INI INDIAN SPR. VALLEY TW-4NV BR RK1 ROCK VALLEY TW-5NV BR FF\ FRENCHMAN FLAT TW-3NV BR HH1 HAMPEL HILL TW-FNV BR YM1 YUCCA MT. TW-6NV BR YFl YUCCA FLAT TW-ENV BR OL1 DOLOMITE HILLNV BR PHI PAHUTE MESA PH-lNV BR PM2 PAHUTE MESA PM-ZNV BR TP4 TEMPIUTENV BR SKI SILVER PEAKNV BR GFD GOLOFIELONV BR HHI MANHATTAN GAPNV BR 8S1 BRISTOL RANGE ESP-lNV BR P01 PIOCHE B-l fc 8-3NV BR BS2 BRISTOL RANGE ESP-3NV BR CG1 CROW SPRINGS 3.4,7.8410NV BR SV1 STONE CABIN VALLEY UCE-2NV BR HA1 HALL MINE 87 I 90NV BR RY1 ROYSTONNV BR PTH PILOT MTS. DH-1,2 fc 3NV BR LN1 LUNING M-4NV BR UEI RALSTON VALLEY UCE-INV BR HY1 HOT CREEK VALLEY UCE-18NV 8R PS1 PATTERSON PASS PP-2 I 3NV BR FV1 FISH LAKE VALLEY UCE-10NV 8R LSV LITTLE SMOKEV VA. UCE-14NV BR FV2 FISH LAKE VALLEY UCE-9NV BS GRV GARONERVILLENV BR PNC PINE NUT CANYON PN-19NV BR FV3 FISH LAKE VALLEY UCE-12ANV BR YR1 YERINGTONNV BR YR2 YERINGTONNV BR SCI SCHURZNV 8R MV1 MONITOR VALLEY UCE-3NV BR SG1 SINGATSE RANGENV BR MM1 WARD MT.NV BR TCI TAYLOR CANYONNV BR ssi SAND SPRINGSNV BR MEI MONTE CRISTO 9 & uNV BR CV1 SILVER CITY CV-iNV BR RT1 RUTHNV BR SP1 SPRING VALLEYNV BR vci VIRGINIA CITY c-63NV BR LW1 LOUSETOWNNV 8R WH1 WASHINGTON HILL VC-4NV BR EK1 EUREKANV BR LL1 LOVELOCKNV BR GAP GOLD ACRE PIT

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35-2836-3636-3836-4636-4636-4837-0337-1137-1737-2137-3837-4337-4437-5838-0438-0538-0638-1438-1838-1938-1938-1938-2938-3438-3538-3638-4138-4338-4938-5138-5238-5538-5538-5638-5738-5838-5839-0439-0539-1239-1439-1539-1639-1739-1839-2339-2839-3040-0240-16

112-19112-19112-19112-21112-22110-43112-23115-55111-55111-50

115-08115-47116-18115-52116-07116-24116-00116-12116-24116-34115-33117-47117-12114-36114-36114-37114-36117-33116-35117*18117-31117-52118*12116-56116-12114-44116-28116-02116-27119-45119-35116-20119-04119-04118-38116-38119-16114-55114-41118-22115-34119-40114-59114-21119-39119-38119-38116-00118-19116-45

3.24.75.06.59.51.662.161.750.91.0

2.332.172.002.201.811.600.701.901.001.501.101.902.301.741.691.921.742*301.302.921.681.957.201.791.281.221.201.501.201.142.451.402,361.841.882.001.562.055.321.572.141.931.A21.837.002.802.100.852.502.50

7.90

5.40

10.30

2.7

4.40

5.00

5.30

3.20

5.707.70

3.40

4.50

4.60

TABLE 1. Locations, heat flow (q, HFU) and heat production (A, HGU) for published values plotted on Figures 1 through 4 (continued)

a ANV BR TN2 TENABONV BR LOi LANOERNV BR IRC IRON CANYON .NV BR BMI PANTHER CANYON &M3 & 37NV BR BT1 BATTLE MT.NV BR BUK BUCKINGHAM 8-6 4 11NV BR EC1 ELDER CREEK EC-4NV BR OV1 ADELAIDE GV-1NV BR *E1 WHITE ELEPHANT BUTTEU.S.A. NEW HAMPSHIRENH AP mi FIT2WILLIAMNH AP OU1 DURHAMNH AP CCD CONCORDNH AP BX1 BRADFORDNH AP wvi WATERVILLENH AP KAl KANCAMAGUS NH AP NC1 NORTH CONWAY NH AP NR1 NORTH HAVERHILL U.S.A. NEW MEXICO NM BR Hll HACHITANM BR LTl LITTLE HACHET MT. NM BR C01 CORNUOAS NM BR GG1 GRANITE GAP NM BR SI1 STEINS NM IP SU1 SUPERIOR NO. 1 NM BR WS1 WHITE SANDS §2 NM IP MVI MARLANO-OHIO »\ NM BR LG1 LOROSBURG NM BR MR1 MIRAGENM IP BB1 BLUEBIRD !NM BR OG1 OROGRANOENM BR OG2 OROGRANOE UCSO-6NM BR WS2 WHITE SANDS #3NM BR ONl ORGAN DDH-1NM BR ON2 ORGANNM BR OG3 OROGRANOE NORTH NM IP GOl GETTY §7 DOOLEY NM BR WS3 WHITE SANOS »4 NM BR CPK COOKS PEAK NM BR WG1 WHITE SIGNAL NM IP SAM SANDBURG AND MILLS ! NM BR TYl TYRONE UCSD-5 NM BR LAK LAKE VALLEYNM IP CRO CAP ROCK OIL AND GAS ilNM BR SRA SANTA RITA NM BR BK1 BITTER CREEKNM BR API .Et,'TKAS PEftf:NM BR CFl , :?rENM BR TT1 1 OR C NUX1HNM BR en CHLORIDE §1 & 2NM BR SAI SIERRA BLANCANM BR RSI RAILROAD CAN. SOUTHNM BR MCI MONT ICELLO CAN. «1 I 2NM BR FT1 FORT CRAIGNM BR CZ1 CARRIZO/NwNM BR BN1 BIG RED CANYONNM BR RS2 RAILROAD CAN. NORTH NM BR BHI BINGHAM SOUTH NM BR BH2 BINGHAM NE NM BR NY1 NORTH BALOY NM BR coi CHUPAOERA MESA

US 71US 71US 71US 71RO 68US 71US 71US 71US 71

RO 68RO 68RO 68RO 68RO 68RO 68RO 68RO 68

OS 75RC 75OS 75RC 75RE 75HC 56Re 71HC 56OS 75RE 75HC 56OS 75WA 69RE 75OB 74OS 75RE 75HC 56RE 75OS 75RO 68HC 56WA 69OS 75HC 56OS 75RO 68RE 750 68

RE 75RE 75RE 75RE 75RE 75RE 75RE 75RE 75RE 75RE 75RE 75RE 75RE 75

40-1840-2040-3340-3340-3340-3T40-4140-5041-53

42-4743-0743-1243-1643-5644-0244-0444-06

31-5131-5432-0132-0732-1032-1432-1732-1832-2032-2232*2432-2432-2632-2632*2732-2732-3032-3132-3232-3232*3232-3832-4032-4332-4732-4832-543*»583:^0333-1733-1933-2833-3133-3433-3733-4433-4433-4533-5333-5734-0234-06

116-40116-43117-06117-34117-14117-04117-04117-32115-05

72-0870-5571-3271-5971-3271-2971-1072-00

108-18 J108-26 3105-29 i108-56 ]109-02 t104-07106-24 !103-45108-47107-40 <104-16 I106-07106-06 i106-27 ,106-36 i106-36 -106-00104-09106-25 !107-41 :108-21 !104-141 OB-29 i107-35 ,103-48106-04109-02 i107-321 08-30 <107-16 .107-42105-47108-11107-36107-08106-02107-21107-49106-21106-17107-13106-48 ,

.53 4.1

.00

.50 4.3

.80

.06

.70 7.60

.20 3.90

.40 6.3

.30

.63 9.6

.08 3.8

.73

.59

.15 21.2

.27 20.7

.89 17.6

.34 7.8

>.40 4.5>.302.001.22!.92L.202.281.001.70 2.30).68».901.10 5.102.24 6.702.08!.762.80 3.40L.751.002.181.60 2.402.061.20!.16 7.102.60 4.901.21.80 4.208.771.702.562.202.921.77L.981.362.811.441.281.751.561.468.482.20

TABLE 1. Locations, heat flow (q, HFU) and heat production (A, HGU) for published values plotted on Figures 1 through 4 (continued)

a ANM BRNM 8RNM BR NM 8ft NM BR NM BRNM BRNM BR NM BR NM BR NM BR NM BR NM BRNM BRNM BR NM BR NM BR NM BR NM BR NM BR NM BRNM BRNM BR NM BR NM BR NM BR NM BR NM BRNM BRNM BR NM BRNM BR NM BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNM BR NM BR NM BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNH BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNM BRNH BR

M01 MAGOALENAMG2 MAGDALEN* NMNKl NORTH LAKE IS1 INDIAN SPRINGS all PIE TOWN NORTH OS1 QUEMAOO SOUTHPI2 PIETOWN NMSY1 SILVER CITYAQ1 ALBUQUERQUE «1 i 2ZP1 ZUNI PIA MESACF1 CLINES CORNERSWM1 WAGON WHEELMYE MORIARTY EASTAQ2 ALBUQERQUE GS1 GRANTS HM1 HOLWEG RU1 RIO PUERCO §2 RU2 RIO PUERCO §3 RU3 RIO PUERCO §1 880 BIBO NORTH « SOUTH SPR SAN PEORO «1 . 3 MZI MARQUEZ SE MZ2 MARQUEZ SFP SAN FELIPE OZ1 ORTIZ MT. SMO SAN MATEO MESAOil GALISTEO CS1 CERRILLOSowi GALLUP WEST6W2 GALLUP WEST i2 NKl MARIANO LAKEow3 GALLUP WEST ts GW4 GALLUP CW1 CROWN POINT CH2 CROWN POINT EAST CSL CHACO SLOPE BU1 BUCKMAN GT1 LOS ALAMOS GT-1 RAI RED MT. CWH CHACO WASH CYN CHACO CAN.0X1 OIXONGAY GAVILIAN EAST TA1 TIERA AM AR ILL AT01 TAOS «1EV1 EL VADO SW682 GOBERNAOOR SOUTHMU1 MUNOZ CREEKTAB TABLE MESA «1 . 2TRP TRES PIEOPASCZK CARRIZO CREEK681 GOBERNAOOR GB-1OU1 QUEST* EASTQU2 QUEST*aoi BLANCO EAST 12RV1 RED RIVER OOH-l VJ1 VERMAJO RIVER B02 BLANCO EAST «1RNI RATTLESNAKEN61 NO AGUABOS BLANCO NORTH

RE 75 34-07 107-17RE 79 34-09 107*18RE 75 34-14 107-38RE 75 34-18 107-26RE 75 34-19 108-07RE 75 34-20 108-30RE 75 34-23 108-13RE 75 34-47 108-16RE 75 34-56 106-33RE 75 34-58 108-45RE 75 35-00 105-37RE 75 35-00 105-43RE 75 35-00 105-54RE 75 35-03 106-31RC 75 35-07 107-44RE 75 35-09 106-16RE 75 35-12 107-01RE 75 35-12 107-05RE 75 35-13 107-01RE 75 35-13 107-19RE 75 35-15 106-11RE 75 35-15 107-13RE 75 35-17 107-15RE 75 35-18 106-15RE 75 35-20 106-11RE 75 35-20 107-37RC 75 35-25 106*00RO 68 35-28 106-07RE 75 35*33 108*46RE 75 35-35 108-51RE 75 35*38 108*19RE 75 35*38 109-0208 74 35-39 108*31RE 75 35-40 108-08RE 75 35-42 107-56RE 75 35-51 107-24RE 75 35-52 106-09PO 73 35 54 106 40RE 75 35-55 107-49RE 75 35-56 107-48RE 75 36-02 107-54RE 75 36-13 105-48RE 75 36-22 106-54RE 75 36-23 106 23RE 75 36-27 105-35RE 75 36*32 106*51RE 75 36-36 107-21RE 75 36*36 107-25RE 75 36-37 108-37RE 75 36-39 105-59RE 75 36-39 107-40US 71 36-41 107-12RE 75 36*42 105*28RO 68 36-42 105-31RE 75 36-42 107-4308 74 36-43 105-24RE 75 36-45 104-53RE 75 36-45 107*43RE 75 36-45 108-48RE 75 36-46 105*58RE 75 36-47 107-50

2*011.911.911.95l.SS1.981.462.331.502.960.821.611.821.081.681.582.272.663.082.361.322.112.141.861*761.661.481.222*941.6*2.351.271.611.912.041.491.913.61.701.631.565.251.512.342.291.601.351.292.302.661.262.012.041.531.331.901.931.311*463.021.72

TABLE 1. Locations, heat flow (q, HFU) and heat production (A, HGU) for published values plotted on Figures 1 through 4 (continued)

a ANM 8R AE1 AZTEC NE NM 8R VJ2 VERMAJO PARK NM BR AE2 AZTEC NORTH NM BR CHW CEDAR HILLU.S.A. NEW JERSEYNJ AP FR1 FRANKLIN-OGDENSBURGU.S.A. NEW YORKNY AP WKI W»TKINS GLEN HOLE 23NY AP GA1 GILBOA 9-1.2NY AP WV1 WEST VALLEY HOLE-1NY AP HM1 HIMROO M-7,8NY AP LX1 LACKAWANNAt BUFFALO HOLENY AP NF1 NIAGARA FALLS WPL-1NY AP MTI MIODLEPORT FMC-INY AP GN1 GLENN FALLSNY AP E21 ELIZA8ETHTOWNNY AP woi WAOHAMSNY cs BZl BALHATNY AP SQI SARANAC LAKENY AP RXI RIVERVIEWU.S.A. NORTH DAKOTANO IP LJl LONE TREENO IP CHV CARRIE HOVLANO *iNO IP ENl E.L.K. HI NELSON U.S.A. »- OKLAHOMAOK IP PCI PICKER 43-c.p-sU.S.A. OREGONOR BR KLI KLAMATH co.OR CU AL1 ALVORO 39-3452OR BR TK1 THOMAS CR. 37-I8S14OR CU BRS BURNSOR CU GY1 GRASSY MT. 21-43536OR CU VE1 VALEOR cu cai CHALK BUTTE 19-45S26 OR cu CB2 CHALK BUTTE 19-45525OR CU CB3 CHALK BUTTE 19-45522 OR CU CB4 CHALK BUTTE 19-45S14OR cu CBS CHALK BUTTE i9-45511U.S.A. PENNSYLVANIAPA AP MM1 MT. HOLLY SPRINGPA AP RPI HEADING -OLEYPA AP RQI RIEGELSVILLEPA AP LUl LEHIGH P.C.CO. »1PA AP sxi SABULAPA AP ERl E.N.CLAIR HI PA AP Ell EARL A. HILL «1 U.S.A. - SOUTH CAROLINA SC CN AK1 AIKEN U.S.A. SOUTH DAKOTA SO IP ASl ASSMAN «1SO IP MOO MOONSHINE GULCH NBH-2SO IP WFS WINDY FLATS N8H-1SO IP LM1 LEAD-YATESSO IP OY1 OACY RTM-1U.S.A. TENNESSEETN AP OEI OAK RIDGEU.S.A. TEXASTX IP UVl NEAR UVALDETX BR SZ1 SHAFTERTX IP GJ1 GULF «1 NORTHRUPTX IP BE1 BIG LAKE «1-B

RERERERE

UR

URURURURURURURROROROURRORO

BLCOCO

RO

BLBO80BLBOBLBOBO80BOBO

URURURJOURJOJO

0!

COUSUSBLUS

OR

KIOSHCBC

75757575

71

71717171717171686868716868

697070

68

6973736973697373737373

71717160716060

65

7071716771

63

72755645

36-5036-5*36-5436-57

41-06

42-2542-2742-2742-3442-4843-0543-1243-1844-1344-1444-1644-2044-35

48-1848-5548-56

36-59

42-1242-1742*22*3-2743-4143-4643-5243-5343-5343-5443-55

40-0640-2240-3440-5941-1241-5241-56

33-17

43-1544-0844-1844-2144-22

35-55

29-0729-4831-1031-12

107-55104-55108-01107-59

74-35

76-5474-2678-3876-5778-5179-0078-2873-3773-3273-2875-2574-1673-54

101-40102-26100-50

94-52

121-50118-41120-27118-06UT-23117-22117-10117-09117-11117-10117-10

77-1175-5075-1280-0878-3978-0077-51

81-40

100-12103-43103-40103-45103-53

84-19

99-41104-24103-14101-29

1.472.861.461.51

0.91

1.721.001.191*55U201.161.181.050.810.791.220.811.22

1.42.202.20

1.4

1.62.33.22.0l.S1.63.66.93.35.45.7

0.570.700.891.21.311.311.47

1.06

2.100.500.501.91.90

0.82

1.111.51.12.0

0.40.4

0.45.8

7.6

3.5

10

TABLE 1. Locations, heat flow (q, HFU) and heat production (A, HGU) for published values plotted on Figures 1 through 4 (continued)

°L A

TX IP 8E2 BIG LAKE-UNIVERSITYTX IP OKI OONNCLLY AND GERKE »lTX IP VH1 VAN HORNTX IP STP STANDARD POTASH 02 TESTU.S.A. UTAHUT BR CC2 CEDAR CITY N-6UT BR CC1 CEDAR CITY DE HOLESUT CP HB1 HORSE RANGE MESAUT CP LA1 LA SALUT BR MOI MILFOROUT CP BYI BALSLEY »i-cUT CP HEl HYDE 81UT CP REI REED.. CRESC, EAGLE* aw.UT 8R SOI SPOR MOUNTAINUT BR OC1 GOVERNMENT CANYON GC-JAUT BR EA1 EUREKA ET-S(A)UT CP OUR OURAY W-EX-1UT SR BI1 BINOHAM KCC-134UT BR BI2 BINGHAH D-l'»2UT BR JVI JORDAN VALl EYU.S.A. VERMONTVT AP LZ1 LOWOONDESRYVT AP WNI WESTONVT AP NS1 NORTH SPRINGFIELDU.S.A. VIRGINIAVA AP CRI CRIPPLE CREEKVA AP AA1 ALBERTAVA A? GQ1 GRUNOYU.S.A. WASHINGTONWA cu RZI RICHLANO 00-3WA PC RAE RANDLEWA CU BOI BENTON CITYWA CU RZ5 RATTLESNAKE HILLSWA PC CHH CHEHALISWA CU RZ4 WILL A OH-1WA PC woi UESTPORTWA PC MQ1 MOCLIPSWA CU OD2 ODESSAWA PC wui WENATCHEEWA PC NOl NORTH BENDWA cu REO REAROONWA CU MX1 WILBURWA RM NH1 NESPELEHWA PC AOI ANACORTESWA PC HX1 HAZAHAWA RH RUI REPUBLICWA RM TQ1 TOf'JSKITWA RM MIE MEULINEWA RM LOI LEADPOINTWA RM CUW CURLEWWA RM OVl OROVILLEU.S.A. WEST VIRGINIAWV AP LWW LEWIS MAXWELL *ll«FWV AP GX1 M.O. GOFF *1WV AP JH J.H. LAKE »1WV AP MWO MORGANTOWNU.S.A. WYOMINGWY RM GZ1 GREEN RIVER GRl-1WY RM RIE ROCK R. FIELDWY RM F01 FERRIS FIELDWY RM PE1 PINED ALE OHPtt

HC 56 31-15 101*28HC 56 31-23 101*48OS 75 31*27 104*53HC 56 31-39 102*15

US 71 37-38 113-26US 71 37-42 1 13*18RE 75 37-59 109-03WR 66 38*15 109-17RO 68 38*29 113*08SP 64 38*46 109-38SP 64 38*51 109*30SP 64 38*55 109-50WR 66 39*43 113*13RO 68 39*52 112*03RO 68 39-57 112*03US 71 39*59 109*36RO 68 40*31 112-09CW 73 40-32 112-09WR 66 40-47 112-04

RO 68 43-15 72*-5il)RO 68 43*17 78»4«»RO 68 43*20 72-33

RE 73 36*49 81*0601 65 36*92 77*34R8 73 37*20 82*00

US 71 44-21 119*17BL 74 46*21 122*06BL 69 46*19 11 9-34US 71 46*26 119*47US 71 46*32 122-50US 71 46*35 119*31BL 74 46*51 124*06BL 69 47*12 124*06BL 74 47*20 118*55BL 74 47*22 120*18BL 69 47-30 121*22BL 74 47*52 118-07RO 68 48-04 118*42BL 74 48-22 118*53BL 74 48-28 122*38BL 74 48*37 120*23BL 74 48*40 118*46SL 74 ' Ji-43 11". 31UQ 68 46-S9 U/o-20BL 69 48*55 117*36BL 74 49*00 118-368L 74 49*00 119*29

JO 60 39*17 80-46JO 60 39*18 80-14JO 60 39*25 80-05UR 71 39-40 79-59

US 71 41*32 109*258L 69 41-40 106*07BL 69 42*10 107*08US 71 42*46 109-34

1.11.11.01.2

2*192.121.461.22.221.101*011.322.81*902.01.501*912.31.3

1,231,221.20

l.OiJ1,41,70

1.501,51.71,330*831.520.91.11.7US1.262.11*681.70.91*71.81,92.522.961.71.7

1.221*261.201.12

1.601.21.41.30

5.50

10.3

4,30

11

TABLE 1. Locations, heat flow (q, HFU) and heat production (A, HGU) for published values plotted on Figures 1 through 4 (continued)

WY RM PEI PINEDALE OHPM us 71 42-46 109-34 i.ao 4.30WY KM BY1 BIG HUDOY FIELD BL 69 42-51 106-58 1.4WY IP LCF LANCE CK. FIELD BL 69 43-04 104-38 2.0WY IP SCF SALT CK. FIELD BL 69 43-33 106-isWY RM GEL GE80 FIELD BL 69 43-48 108-14WY RM MEE MEETEETSE RO 68 43-52 109-17MY RM LSD LITTLE SAND DRA* FIELD BL 69 44-22 109-00WY RM 081 OREGON BASIN FIELD BL 69 44-22 108-56

.8

.6

.95

.3

.3WY RM YSI YELLOWSTONE WH 65 44-27 no-so 3.49

BB 73 Blackwell and Baae, 1973BC 45 Birch and Clark, 1945BE 47 Benfield, 1947BI 50 Birch, 19SOBI 54 Birch, 1954BL 67 Blackwell, 1967BL 69 Blackwell, 1969BL 73 Blackwell and Robertson, 1973BL 74 Blackwell, 1974BO 73 Bowen, 1973CL 57 Clark, 1957CO 70 Combs, 1970

(see also Combs and Sinmons, 1973) CO 71 Combs, 1971 CO 7.5 Combs, 1975 CW 73 Costain and Wright, 1973 DB 74 Decker and Birch, 1974

(see also Decker and Smithson, 1973) DI 65 Diment et al., 1965a, l96Sb DR 63 Diment and Robertson, 1963 DS 75 Decker and Smithson, 1975 DW 64 Diment and Werre, 1964 HC 56 Herrin and Clark, 1956 HE 68 Henyey, 1968; Henyey and Wasserburg, 1971 HS 65 Hart and Steinhart, 1965 JB 73 Judge and Beck, 1973 JO 60 Joyner, 1960 KI 72 King and Simnons, 1972 LE 56 Leney, 1956 LO 48 Lovering, 1948 PO 73 Potter, 1973 RE 65 Reiter et al., 1975 RO 68 Roy et al., 1968a, 1968b RO 72 Roy et al., 1972 SP 64 Spicer, 1964UR 71 Urban, 1970; Diment et al., 1972US 68 Sass et al., 1968US 71 Sass et al., 1971WA 69 Warren et al., 1969m 65 White, 1965WR 66 Wright, 1966

(see also Costain and Wright, 1973)

12

References

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Am. Jour. Sci., v. 245, no. 1, p. 1-18.

Birch, Francis, 1950, Flow of heat in the Front Range, Colorado:

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Birch, Francis, 1954, Thermal conductivity, climatic variation,

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Birch, Francis, and Clark, Harry, 1945, An estimate of the surface

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Birch, F., Roy, R. F., and Decker, E. R., 1968, Heat flows and

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13

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14

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15

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17

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18

/ %' °

'-* *o j °

/ - / .% «---o___' «\L -

k ~>~--- __

~x ^ '

\\ hv*

o o

.%:« /* %^ , i« ; v - ^ r-\ i\V"\

. > >-o

i^) ( o

0

j

7 - - ..,p 1. 1 .,

°> ; ° 910 0° 0

°ie o% -«r fto- --.-_'' «

~h.~~ar---___ 0i ° ^«^ 0 8 o» 8 7 -----

i 9, o f- --- - tb«ooo° ° o

r.^A i / * *. i; «Vo *. ! '

« - f;-v ' i* f°l ? i'.^ « : i-i ., A .\ ° \\ / N

^J ^ o

200 400 Miles \.1. .., ,,,,,,.,1 "l

I T 200 400 600 Kilometres

Figure la. Locations of heat-flow determinations in the western United States. Dots are USGS values, open circles, those published by other investigators.

19

I. '.*.

0 ' \:- >( ) / c

HB

AT

P

LO

W

(HI>

U)

o

2.S

O

I 25-1

.49

From

Sass

an

d ot

hers

, 19

?60

tOO

400

(00 KII*B*tr«i

Figu

re 2.

Observed heat

flow

(q)

in t

he United

Stat

es.

Phys

iogr

aphi

c bo

unda

ries

(Figure

4)be

en g

ener

aliz

ed f

rom Fe

nnem

an (1946).

1 HFU

= 1 x

10"6 cal/cm

2sec =41.8 mW/m2

21

Figu

re 3

a. A

generalized representation of he

at f

low

(q)

in t

he U

nite

d St

ates

. Contours

are

conj

ectu

ral

in pla

ces

and wi

ll u

ndou

bted

ly c

hange wi

th a

dditional measurements.

1 HFU

= 1 x

10"

6 cal/cm

2sec =

41.8 mW/

m2

From

Sa

se and

othe

rs,

22

200 I

400 Miles

I 200 400 600 Kilometres

Figure 3b. Enlargement of the western part of Figure 3a. BMH is the Battle Mountain High, and EL, the Eureka Low (cf. Sass and others, 1971).

23

Figu

re 4

. Re

duce

d heat f

low

(q*) in

the

United

States.

Phys

iogr

aphi

c pr

ovin

ces

afte

r Fe

nnem

an (1

946)

.

1 HFU

= 1 x

10"

6 cal/cm

2sec

=41

.8 mW/m

2

24