FFAG-ERIT R&D 06/11/06 Kota Okabe (Kyoto Univ.) for FFAG-DDS group.
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Transcript of FFAG-ERIT R&D 06/11/06 Kota Okabe (Kyoto Univ.) for FFAG-DDS group.
![Page 1: FFAG-ERIT R&D 06/11/06 Kota Okabe (Kyoto Univ.) for FFAG-DDS group.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649e7b5503460f94b7bf2e/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
FFAG-ERIT R&D
06/11/06Kota Okabe (Kyoto Univ.)
for FFAG-DDS group
![Page 2: FFAG-ERIT R&D 06/11/06 Kota Okabe (Kyoto Univ.) for FFAG-DDS group.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649e7b5503460f94b7bf2e/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Neutron source for BNCTFFAG-ERIT scheme
Requirements from BNCT(Boron Neutron Capture Therapy): In order to remedy the tumor of 10cm2, 2*1013 neutrons are needed.If we assume that remedy time is 30 minutes => Flux cm2 sec.
Accelerator as a neutron source ; Energy is low, but beam current is very large (I > 40mA [CW])
ERIT : Emittance-Energy Recovering Internal Target
The stored beam is irradiated to the internal target, it generates the neutron in the storage ring. The beam energy lost in the target is recovered by re-acceleration.
Technically hard and expensive
Feature of ERIT schemeBeam current reduced by storage the beam in the ring.
![Page 3: FFAG-ERIT R&D 06/11/06 Kota Okabe (Kyoto Univ.) for FFAG-DDS group.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649e7b5503460f94b7bf2e/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Overview of FFAG-ERIT accelerator system
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Emittance growth in storage ring
• Using an internal target in the ring, the beam emittance can be increased in 3-D directions by multiple scattering and straggling. In this reason, the storage ring require to large acceptance.
• In ERIT scheme, however, the beam emittance growth can be cured by Ionization Cooling effect.
![Page 5: FFAG-ERIT R&D 06/11/06 Kota Okabe (Kyoto Univ.) for FFAG-DDS group.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649e7b5503460f94b7bf2e/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ionization cooling (1)
The rate equation of beam emittance passing through a target material is,
LongitudinalLongitudinal
HorizontalHorizontal
VerticalVertical
€
dεy
ds= −
1
β 2E
dE
dsεy +
β y E s2
2β 3mpc2LR E
€
dεx
ds= −
1
β 2E
dE
ds1−
D ′ ρ
ρ 0
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟εx +
β x E s2
2β 3mpc2LR E
€
d σ E2
ds= −2
∂(dE /ds)
∂E 0
+dE
ds
1
pcβD
′ ρ
ρ 0
⎛
⎝ ⎜
⎞
⎠ ⎟ σ E
2 +d ΔE 2
rms
ds
Cooling term
Heating term
E
EΔ+
E
EΔ−
0
Wedge Target Acceleration Cavity
When the wedged target is placed at
dispersive point, can be possible.
€
∂(dE /ds)
∂E
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Ionization cooling (2)
Energy loss rate dE/dx from Bethe-Bloch formula (9Be target)
In the light orange area (5~11MeV) the neutron is stable generated
For example, target thickness ~ 5 m
Energy loss : ΔEt ~ 35 keV
10 MeV proton beam
Energy loss : ΔEt ~ 46.8 keV
7 MeV proton beam
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Requirement for FFAG storage ring
• Large acceptancemomentum acceptance dp/p ~ 5 [%] (from RF bucket height)transverse acceptance > 1000 [ mm mrad]
• Length of straight section (to install large RF cavity(width 54cm))The numbers of sectors is few, length of the straight section iseasy to guarantee.
• To be the compact which can be installed in the hospitalMean radius (r0) ~ 2 [m]
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Spiral sector type FFAG
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Magnetic field calculation (TOSCA)
Lattice parameters Cell num. = 8Open sec. angle = 45 degOpen F angle = 13.5 degPacking fac. = 0.3Average radius = 1.8 m
Spiral sector type FFAG
7MeV proton beam
The size of the accelerator becomes small compared with the radial sector type.
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0.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91.01.11.21.31.41.51.61.71.81.92.0
1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2
horizontal tune
vertical tune
structure
3rd
2nd
1st
Operating point
Spiral angle and k value optimization
26o, k = 2
30o, k = 2
35o, k = 2
26o, no clamp, k = 2
35o, k = 1.7Optimized parameter
K value = 1.7,Spiral angle = 34 deg(With field clamp)x ~ 1.68, y ~ 1.20
We optimize k value and spiral angle.
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Acceptance study
Gap 14 [cm]
Horizontal Vertical
~7000π mm-mrad ~1400π mm-mrad
Gap 14 [cm] ~7000π [mm-mrad], ~1400π [mm-mrad]
Gap 17.5 [cm]
~6100π [mm-mrad], ~3200π [mm-mrad] Gap 20.0 [cm]
~7000π [mm-mrad], ~2400π [mm-mrad]
Hori. Acceptance, Vert. acceptance
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Ionization cooling simulation
Initial condition Transverse
Hori. emittance = 15 pi [mm mrad], Vert. emittance = 15 pi [mm mrad],
Matched twiss para.Longitudinal
dE = 0, Inial RF phase 10 deg. (moved from synchronous phase.)
ICOOL
• Using TOSCA field map• Fluctuations in the energy : Vavilov distributions• Multiple scattering : Moliere distribution• Particle num. = 1000• Be target is rectangle (no wedge). Target thickness = 5 m
RF amplitude Vrf = 400 kV, (mom. Acceptance ~ 4%)
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Surviving turn numberResult of magnet gap 14 [cm]
Mean surviving turn num. 192 turn
Suv.rate = particle num. (at turn) / initial particle num
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RMS emittance and energy spread
An analytical solution and the simulation results are corresponding well while a little the beam loss.
Particle of the large amplitude is lost as the turn number increases.
Emittance is saturated
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Vertical acceptance - dependent
~1400π [mm-mrad] ~2400π [mm-mrad] ~3200π [mm-mrad]
Vertical beta function@target ~ 1.35 [m]
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Discussion
• From simulation results, the most cause of beam loss is heating of the vertical direction.
• It is difficult to achieve strong focusing the vertical direction in the spiral type lattice.
In this reason, radial sector type suitable for ERIT?
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Radial sector type
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Magnetic field calculation (TOSCA)
FDF latticeF-Mag. = 6.4[deg],D-Mag. = 5.1 [deg], F-D gap 3.75[deg], F-Clamp gap = 1.9[deg],Clamp thick = 4[cm]Mean radius = 2.35[m]
11MeV proton beamx ~ 1.75, y ~ 2.23FD ratio ~3
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Vertical beta function & acceptance
Vertical acceptance ~ 3000π [mm-mrad] Vertical beta function@target ~ 0.83 [m]
Tracking results used TOSCA field.
(Horizontal acceptance > 7000π [mm-mrad])
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Surviving turn number
Mean surviving turn num. 810 turns
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RMS emittance and energy spread
An analytical solution and the simulation results are corresponding well while beam loss is few.
![Page 22: FFAG-ERIT R&D 06/11/06 Kota Okabe (Kyoto Univ.) for FFAG-DDS group.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051516/56649e7b5503460f94b7bf2e/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Vertical beta function - dependent
y = 0.83[m] : y = 2.22, Mean surviving turn num. 810 turny = 0.75[m] : y = 2.32, Mean surviving turn num. 910 turn
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Summary• It is important to suppress overheating of the vertical direct
ion to increase the surviving turn number.
• Radial sector is more suitable than the spiral sector type for controlling the heating of the vertical direction.
• The surviving turn number exceeded 900 turns for radial sector type by controlling the tune.
• It might have to care for the longitudinal and horizontal direction trying increase the number of turns any further.