FEG Chapter 10.the Passive

7/30/2019 FEG Chapter 10.the Passive

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10-1 Active sentences and passive sentences

10-2 Form of the passive

10-3 Transitive and intransitive verbs

10-4 Using the by-phrase10-5 The passive forms of the present and past progressive

10-6 Passive modal auxiliaries

10-7 Using past participles as adjectives (stative passive)

10-8 Participial adjectives: -edvs. -ing10-9 Get+ adjective; get+ past participle10-10 Using be used/accustomedto and get

10-11 Used to vs. be used to

10-12 Using be supposed to

CONTENTS


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10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES

The chair is being madeby the carpenter.


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(a) ACTIVE: The carpentersandedthe wood.

(b) PASSIVE: The wood was sandedby thecarpenter.

samemeaning


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by + O


(c) Carolsold the house.

(d) The house was sold by Carol.

S OACTIVE:

PASSIVE:S

object of active subject of passive

subject of active object ofby


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10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE

Fuel is burned by cars


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BE + PASTPARTICIPLE

(a) Coffee i s grown by farmers.(b) The raise was given by the boss.

(c) The photo w il l be pr in ted by Alex.


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SIMPLE PRESENT Cars burnfuel.

Fuel is burnedby cars.

SIMPLE PAST

PRESENT PERFECT

FUTURE

The raise thr i l ledBen.

Ben was thr i l ledby the raise.

Al has p r intedthe photo.

The photo has been pr in ted

by Al.

New cars w il l savefuel.

Fuel w il l be savedby cars.


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The nuts were gathered by the squirrel.

10-1, 10-2 LETS PRACTICE

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

The squirrel gathered the nuts.


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The wall was painted by

Matthew.


ACTIVE

PASSIVE

Matthew painted the wall.


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The election results will be determined by

the voters.


ACTIVE

PASSIVE

The voters will determine

the election results.


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10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS

Erica sneezed.


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(a) TRANSITIVE

(b) INTRANSITIVE

Janet earned the promotion.

They saw the accident.

S V O

A problem occurred.

They arrived late.

S V

TRANSITIVE

verb + object

INTRANSITIVE

verb + object


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(c) TRANSITIVE VERBS

(d) INTRANSITIVE VERBS

(e)INCORRECT: Birds are fly.

ACTIVE: Janet earnedthe promotion.

PASSIVE: The promotion was earnedby Janet.

ACTIVE: Birds fly.

PASSIVE: (not possible)


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(c) TRANSITIVE VERBS

(d) INTRANSITIVE VERBS

ACTIVE: Janet earnedthe promotion.

PASSIVE: The promotion was earnedby Janet.

transitive verbs passive okay

intransitive verbs no passive

ACTIVE: Birdsfly.

PASSIVE: (not possible)


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10-3 LETS PRACTICE

transitiveintransitive

It rained yesterday.

?


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10-3 LETS PRACTICE

transitive

intransitive

Eva won a medal.

PASSIVE: _______________________A medal was won by Eva.

?


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10-3 LETS PRACTICE

transitiveintransitive

Tim Berners-Lee invented the

World Wide Web.

PASSIVE: _______________________The World Wide Web was

invented by Tim Berners-Lee._______________________

?


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10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE

This paintingwas done bymy mother.


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(a) This desk was made by Manuel.

byphrase important information


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(b) This desk was madein Taiwan.

(c) Corn is eaten in many places.

(d) That apartment was builtin 2007.(e) Spanish is spoken in many countries.

usually NO by-phrase


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focus my mother


ACTIVE

(f) My motheris a great artist.Shepaintedmany beautiful portraits.

PASSIVE

(g) This paintingwas donebymy mother.

That onewas donebyher friend.

by-phrase focus on subjects


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10-4 LETS PRACTICE

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.

Hamletwas written by Shakespeare.


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10-4 LETS PRACTICE

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

Many students use computers.

Computers are used by many students.


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10-4 LETS PRACTICE

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

Tina taught me how to knit.

I was taught to knit by Tina.


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10-5 THE PASSIVE FORMS OF THE PRESENT AND

PAST PROGRESSIVE

A photo is being taken by Elton.


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PAST PROGRESSIVE

He is takingphotos. (a) Photos are being

takenby him.

She is writinga book. (b) A book is beingwri t tenby her.

ACTIVE PASSIVE


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PAST PROGRESSIVE

He is takingphotos. (a) Photos are being

takenby him.

present progressive: passive form

am

is

are

+ being+ past part ic ip le

She is writinga book. (b) A book is beingwri t tenby her.

ACTIVE PASSIVE


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PAST PROGRESSIVE

ACTIVE PASSIVE

He was takingphotos. (c) Photos were being

takenby him.

past progressive: passive form

was

were+ being+ past part ic ip le

She was writinga book.(d) A book

was being

wri t tenby her.


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10-5 LETS PRACTICE

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

Two great teams are playinghockey.

Hockey is being played by two great teams.


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10-5 LETS PRACTICE

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

Someone was building a guest house in Bhutan.

A guest house was being built in Bhutan.


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10-5 LETS PRACTICE

ACTIVE

PASSIVE

Alan is studying the memo.

The memo is being studied by Alan.


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10-6 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES

Lin will e-mail you.


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10-6 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES

Lin will sendit. It w il l be sentby Lin.

Lin can sendit. It can be sentby Lin.

Lin must sendit. It must be sentby Lin.

Lin may sendit. It may be sentby Lin.

ACTIVE MODAL

AUXILIARIES

PASSIVE MODAL

AUXILIARIES

FORM: modal+be+past participle


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10-6 LETS PRACTICE

ACTIVE MODALS

PASSIVE MODALS

Someone must mow the grass today.

This grass __________________.must be mowed today


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10-6 LETS PRACTICE

You should not feed candy to babies.

Babies _____________________.should not be fed candy

ACTIVE MODALS

PASSIVE MODALS


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Hurricanes cannot be controlled.

10-6 LETS PRACTICE

__________________________

People cannot control hurricanes.

ACTIVE MODALS

PASSIVE MODALS


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10-7 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES

(STATIVE PASSIVE)

Lily is pleased with her life.


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(STATIVE PASSIVE)

(a) Lily is brave.

(b) Lily i s shor t.

(c) Lily is healthy.

BE+ ADJECTIVE

BE + PAST PARTICIPLE

(d) Lily is divorced.

(e) Lily is excited.

(f) Lily is pleased.

l ike an ad ject ive


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(STATIVE PASSIVE)

(g) Lily is divorcedf romJack.(h) Lily was happywithher career.

(i) Lilywill beexcitedfo rthe trip.

past particular

participle + prepositions + object


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10-7 LETS PRACTICE

married

Jenny is __________ Grant.married to


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10-7 LETS PRACTICE

Alma is __________ her new laptop.happy with

happy


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10-7 LETS PRACTICE

Abe is 17.He seems ____________ his age.young for

young


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10-8 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING

Emma makes pottery.I am interested in making pottery.


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(a) I am interestedin pottery.

INCORRECT: I am interesting in pottery.

(b) Pottery isinterest ing.

INCORRECT: Pottery is interested.

past participle feelings

present participle cause offeeling


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Ben was thrilled with the promotion.

(c) Ben wasthr i l led.

(d) The promotion was thr i l l ing.

past participle passive meaning

present participle cause offeeling


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(e) I heard some disappoint ingnews.(f) Jill read the shortenedversion of

the book.

participialadjectives nouns


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10-8 LETS PRACTICE

surprised

surprising

Gail Gwen

Gwens news must be __________.

Gail looks very __________.surprised

surprising


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Most people are truly ________ whenthey first see it.

10-8 LETS PRACTICE

amazed

amazing

The Great Wall is ________.

amazed

amazing


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10-8 LETS PRACTICE

terrified

terrifyingSome bugs are scary.

This spider is ________!

I wonder if it is ________ of anything?

terrifying

terrified


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10-9 GET+ ADJECTIVE; GET+ PAST PARTICIPLE

People often get thirstywhen they exercise.

10 9 GET ADJECTIVE GET PAST PARTICIPLE


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(a) I am getting th i rsty.

(b) Fahad go t ang ryat him.

GET+ADJECTIVE

GET ADJECTIVE

change, beginning to be

10 9 GET ADJECTIVE GET PAST PARTICIPLE


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(c) Imgetting worr ied.

(d) My friend and his wife go t divorced.

GET+PAST PARTICIPLE

GET PAST PARTICIPLE

like an adjective, describes subject

10 9 LETS PRACTICE


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10-9 LETS PRACTICE

He ___________ while he was working.

get + sleep

got sleepy

10 9 LETS PRACTICE


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10-9 LETS PRACTICE

He _________________ with his work.

get + frustrated

is getting frustrated

10 9 LETS PRACTICE


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10-9 LETS PRACTICE

It ________ early this year.

get + cold

got cold

10 10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET


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10-10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET

USED/ACCUSTOMED TO

We are used to driving intraffic.



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(a) We are used tothis city.

(b) We are accus tomed tothis city.


USED/ACCUSTOMED TO

same meaning

10 10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND


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10-10 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND

GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO

(c) We are usedto l iv ingin this city.

(d) We are accustomedto l iv ing inthis city.

to + -ingform

(gerund)



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(e) I just moved to Athens, Greece. I have

never lived in this city before, but I am

getting used to(accustomed to) it.


USED/ACCUSTOMED TO

beginning to feel normal

10 10 LETS PRACTICE


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10-10 LET S PRACTICE

be used to(affirmative or negative)

I always go to the beach.I __________ the sand and sea.am used to

10 10 LETS PRACTICE


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Im confused. I _____________ this newcomputer. am not used to


10 10 LETS PRACTICE


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Maybe Ill call Eva. She _____________this type of computer. is used to


10-11 USED TO vs BE USED TO


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10-11 USED TO vs. BE USED TO

He used to eat meat, butnow he is a vegetarian.



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(a) He used to eatmeat, but now he isa vegetarian.

INCORRECT:He used to be eating meat.

INCORRECT:He is used to eat meat.

habitual past

used to+ simple form of verb



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(b) He is used to eatingmeat.

be used to + -ingform of verb(gerund)

10-11 LETS PRACTICE


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10 11 LET S PRACTICE

be

When I was young, I often went skiing.

I ____ used to skiing back then.was

10-11 LETS PRACTICE


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I _____ used to like skiing, but

now I prefer snowboarding.

be

10-11 LETS PRACTICE


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Now, I ____ used to snowboarding.am

be


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10-12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO


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10 12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO

(a) The flight i s supposed to leavein 10 minutes.

I expect the

flight to leavein 10 minutes.



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10 12 USING BE SUPPOSED TO

(a) The flight i s supposed to leavein 10 minutes.

(b) I am supposed to w r iteto Jim.

an expectation



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(c) The flight was supposed to leaveat 4:30.

expected event didnt occur

10-12 LETS PRACTICE


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be supposed to

I expect to get email today .

I ______________ get email today.am supposed to

10-12 LETS PRACTICE


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They were expected to arrive on May 4,but they came on May 6.

They _______________ arrive on May 6.were supposed to

be supposed to


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FEG Chapter 10.the Passive

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