Feg chapter 04 - present perfect azar

Present PerfectReview

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Jenna _____ her dog. His name __ Max.

Jenna’s grandfather ____ Max to her. Her

grandfather _____ him at an animal shelter.

Jenna _____ very good care her dog.

He __ a great dog.

loves

be

Review and Preview

PRESENT AND PAST VERBS lovegivefindtake

gave

found

takes

is

is

be

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4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE

She has forgotten his name.

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4-1 PAST PARTICIPLE

REGULARVERBS

IRREGULARVERBS

SIMPLEFORM

SIMPLEPAST

PASTPARTICIPLE

finishstopwait

seemakeput

finishedstoppedwaited

sawmadeput

finishedstoppedwaited

seenmadeput

present perfect tense

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4-1 LET’S PRACTICE

SIMPLEFORM

SIMPLEPAST

PASTPARTICIPLE

stopgotakewrite

stoppedwenttookwrote

stoppedgonetakenwritten

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4-2 FORMS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

He has finished all his work.

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(a) I have worked very hard this year.

(b) The students have worked hard.

(c) Alex has worked very hard.

STATEMENT: have/has + past participle

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(d) I’ve/You’ve/We’ve/They’ve gone home.

(e) She’s/He’s gone home.

(f) It’s been hot all week.

CONTRACTION : pronoun + have = ’ve pronoun + has =k’s

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NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle


(g) I have not gone home yet.

(h) Fatima has not gone home.

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NEGATIVE: have/has + not + past participle

NEGATIVE CONTRACTION: have + not = haven’t

has + not = hasn’t


(g) I haven’t gone home yet.

(h) Fatima hasn’t gone home.

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(i) Have you read the report?

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(j) Has Marcy gone home?

(k) How long have you worked there?

QUESTION :

have/has + subject + past participle

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(l)

SHORT ANSWER: have/haven’t

Have you read all of this article?

No, I haven’t. I have only read a

few pages.

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(m)

SHORT ANSWER: has/hasn’t

Yes, she has. She did it after school.

Has Kyung finished her homework?

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___________________ a snake?


PRESENT PERFECT

Have you ever touched

youtouchever

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________________


PRESENT PERFECT

I’ve never touched

touchnever

No,

a snake.

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_________________ a shark?


PRESENT PERFECT

Has Justin ever seen

Justinseeever

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Yes, he ___. He saw one near Cape Town,


PRESENT PERFECT

has

South Africa.

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4-3 MEANINGS OF THE PRESENT PERFECT

Tyler has taken his first steps.

Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.

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MEANING #1: SOMETHING HAPPENED

BEFORE NOW AT AN UNSPECIFIED TIME

PRESENT PERFECT

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(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.

(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.

(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?

occurred before now orsometime in the past

MEANING #1

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(a) Tyler has already taken his first steps.(b) Zoe hasn’t walked by herself yet.(c) Have you ever seen Zoe crawl?

now

time?

X

before now

X

MEANING #1

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(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.

(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.

activity repeated

before now, unspecified past times

MEANING #1

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(d) Mary has painted portraits many times.(e) Her students have painted portraits twice.

now

X

before now

XXX

MEANING #1

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PRESENT PERFECT

MEANING #2: A SITUATION BEGAN

IN THE PAST AND CONTINUES TO THE

PRESENT.

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(f) We’ve been working since 8 o’clock.

(g) I have played the violin for six years. I learned to play six years ago, and I still play it.

present perfect + sincefor

past present

MEANING #2

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MEANING #2:

xx

x

8:00

now

(f) We’ve been working since 8 o’clock.

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MEANING #1: Something happened before now at an unspecified time.

MEANING #2: A situation began in thepast and continues to the present.

Kyung has already taken the test.

OR ?

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MEANING #1: Something happenedbefore now at an unspecified time

MEANING #2: A situation began in thepast and continues to the present

I’ve been studying since 8 AM.

OR ?

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MEANING #1: Something happenedbefore now at an unspecified time

MEANING #2: A situation began in thepast and continues to the present

Rosa has been to Italy three times.

OR ?

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4-4 SIMPLE PAST vs. PRESENT PERFECT

I had an angel fish when I was a child.

I have had many otherfish since then.

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SIMPLE PAST

(a) They completed the game at 4:00.

PRESENT PERFECT

(b) They have already completed the game.

specific time

unspecified time

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SIMPLE PAST

(c) I was in Nigeria when I was five years old.

PRESENT PERFECT

(d) I have been in Nigeria three times.

specific time

unspecified time

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SIMPLE PAST

(e) Jack camped in France for 9 days.

PRESENT PERFECT

(f) Eli has been camping for 9 days.(f) Eli has been camping since last Monday.

for activity began & ended in past

for / since activity began & continues

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SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?We have been in Toronto many times.

OR

UNSPECIFIEDPRESENTPERFECT

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SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?Barry has never been to Toronto.

OR

UNSPECIFIEDPRESENTPERFECT

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SPECIFIED UNSPECIFIED TIME ?Gina went to Toronto last month.

OR

SPECIFIED SIMPLE PAST

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4-5 USING SINCE AND FOR

I have been here since 6:00 AM.

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(a) I have worked here

since noon.since Wednesday.since April.since 2006.since May 9, 2007.since yesterday.since last week.

Since Specific point in time

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(b) CORRECT: I have studied English since 2007.

CORRECT: I have used a computer since 2007.

(c) INCORRECT: I am studying English since 2007.

present perfect + since

present progressive NOT used

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(d) INCORRECT: I study English since 2007.


simple present NOT used

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(e) INCORRECT: I studied English since 2007.


simple past NOT used

INCORRECT: I was study English since 2007.

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(f) I have known her since I was fifteen.

MAIN CLAUSE(present perfect)

SINCE-CLAUSE(simple past)

(g) Jim has played many sports since he tried soccer.

Since time clause

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(h) I have worked here

for fifty minutes.for five hours.for ten days.for about six weeks.for almost two months.for many years.for a long time.

For length of time

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(i) I have worked here for twelve years. I got a job here twelve years ago, and I still have it.

(j) I played sports for fifteen years. I am too busy now.

present perfect + for + length of time

past present

simple past

past present

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Mary has been playing the piano since ___________.

3 hours she was six

she was six

Mary has been playing the piano for ___________. three hours

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Alejandro has studied English since ________________.

he started school15 years

he started school

Alejandro has studied English for __________________. fifteen years

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I have driven a taxi _____ 2006.

forsince

since

My uncle has driven a taxi ____ thirty years.for

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4-6 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

Dee has been workingfor ten hours.

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(a) Dee has been working since 6 o’clock.

(b) She has been working for ten hours.

STATEMENT: have/has + been + -ing

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(c) How long has she been working?

QUESTION FORM: have/has + subject + been + -ing

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(d) Mary is playing the piano right now.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE

in progress right now

duration of time not mentioned

Mary has been playing the piano right now.

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(e) Mary has been playing since noon.

PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

began in past

in progress right now

time expressed

Mary is playing the piano since noon.

(f) Mary has been playing for an hour.

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(g) CORRECT: It belongs to Amy.

(h) INCORRECT: It is belonging to Amy.

(i) CORRECT: She has owned it for one month.

(j) INCORRECT: She has been owning it for one month.

non-action verbs progressive tenses

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My sister _________ the phone.

use

is using

has been using

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE OR


She _____________ it for threehours. I need to make a call.

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Her parents __________.

They ________________

together for over thirty years.

dance

are dancing

have been dancing

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Where are you _______for the summer holiday?

I am ______ to the beach.

I ______________ to the beach

go

going

going

have been going

every summer since I was a child.

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4-7 PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE vs. PRESENT PERFECT

These guys are hiking.They have been hiking for several days.

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(a) My cousin is hiking with his friends. They have been hiking for several days.

repeated activitiesunspecified times in the past

PRESENT PERFECT

(b) My cousin has hiked many mountains.

duration of present activities,action verbs

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(c) INCORRECT: My cousin has been hiking many mountains.

(b) My cousin has hiked many mountains.

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(e) INCORRECT: The guys have been knowing each other for ten years.

(d) The guys have known each other for ten years.

duration of present activities,non-action verbs

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(f) I have been studying medicine for one year.

OR

(g) I have studied medicine for one year.


same meaning

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(h) Rolf has been running every day since he was a child.

OR Rolf has run every day since he was a child.


usual, habitual activities either tense okay

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(i) I’ve been studying Spanish ever since I visited Mexico.

OR

I’ve studied Spanish ever since I visited Mexico.


usual, habitual activities either tense okay

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PRESENT PERFECT

How long ___ your family ______ here?

We __________ here for ten years.

live

lived

have lived

has

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How long ___ your family _________ here?

We _____________ here for ten years.

live

been living

have been living

has

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One More Thing

Present Perfect - Effect on the present moment

We also use the present perfect when an activity has an effect on the present moment.

Examples:

He has finished his work. (so he can now rest)

I have already eaten the dinner. (so I'm not hungry)

He has had a car accident. (that's why he is in the hospital)

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One More Thing


How does this man feel?

Why does he feel that way?

He feels sad.

He feels sad because his wife has forgotten his birthday.

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One More Thing


Describe this dog.

Why is it wet?

The dog is wet.

It’s wet because it has just been swimming.

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One More Thing


How does this woman feel?

Why is she excited?

She is very excited!

She excited because she’s won the lottery!

Feg chapter 04 - present perfect azar

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