FEEDING AND NUTRITION OF AVIAN FEEDING AND NUTRITION OF AVIAN SPECIESSPECIES

Dr. István HULLÁR, assoc. professorDr. István HULLÁR, assoc. professor

1. Feeding Chickens;

2. Feeding Turkeys;

3. Feeding Ducks;

4. Feeding Geese.

1. Feeding Chickens1. Feeding Chickens

1.1. Feeding Broilers

1.2. Feeding Laying Hens

1.2.1. Feeding Pullets

1.2.2. Feeding Laying Hens.

The Scheme of Chicken BreedingThe Scheme of Chicken Breeding

EGGS MEAT

Market eggs Breeding eggs

HYBRIDS BREEDS HYBRIDS

(Broilers) Light breeds Heavy breeds (Leghorn) (Cornish) male line Medium breeds (Rhode Island, New Hampshire, Plymouth Rock) female line

The Digestive Tract of The Digestive Tract of ChickensChickens

- Body lenght:GI = 1:5-6,

- beak.

1.1.1. 1. Feeding Broilers Feeding Broilers

- Length of Fattening: 35-40 d,

- Growth Capacity – 2.0 kg at slaughter,

- Body Composition,

- Feed Efficiency: 1.7-1.9 kg/kg,

- Dressing Percent: 68%,

- Expression of Nutrient Requirements,

- Multiple-Stage Diets.

NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTSNUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS

Nutrients Starter Grower Finisher(0-10 d.) (11-24 d.) (25-

slaughter)Crude Protein, % 23.5 22.0 20.0ME, MJ/kg 12.6 13.3 13.6Lys, g/kg 14.0 12.5 10.5Met + Cys, g/kg 10.0 9.0 8.0Linoleic Acid, % 1.3 1.2 1.0Ca, g/kg 10.0 9.0 8.5P (available), g/kg 5.0 4.5 4.0NaCl, % 0.3 0.3 0.3

- Homogeneity of Diets?

- Energy Supplementation?

- Physical Form of Diets (mash, crumbles, pellets)?

- Feeding Method?- Tap Water: 2.0-2.5 l/kg DM,- Housing, Artificial Light,

1-2. d.: 24 h/d;

2nd d.-Slaughter: 23 h/d interrupted (2-21. d.: 23 h/d; 208

lux; from the 22nd d.: 1-2 h light, 2-4 h darknes;

- Sex Dependent Rearing?

1.1.2. FEEDING LAYING HENS2. FEEDING LAYING HENS

1.2.1. Feeding Pullets

1.2.2. Feeding Laying Hens

1.1.2.1. FEEDING 2.1. FEEDING PULLETSPULLETS

Breeding Egg Commercial Egg

Purebred Birds Commercial Hens (Hybrids)

Light Breeds Medium Breeds Heavy Breeds

Length of Pullet Rearing|———————|——————————————|0. starter diet 8. w grower diet 17. w

1.1.2.1. FEEDING 2.1. FEEDING PULLETSPULLETS

- Light Program,

- Genetic Selection,

- Nutrient Content and the Physical Form of Diets.

1.2.1. NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS1.2.1. NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS

Nutrients Starter Grower

(0-8.w.) (9-17. w.)

Crude Protein, % 17.0 15.0

ME, MJ/kg 11.7 11.7

Lys, g/kg 8.0 6.0

Met + Cys, g/kg 6.0 5.0

Linoleic acid, % 1.0 1.0

Ca, g/kg 9.0 8.0

P (available), g/kg 4.0 3.0

NaCl, % 0.3 0.3

1.1.2.1. FEEDING 2.1. FEEDING PULLETSPULLETS

Feeding- 0-3. w: ad libitum,- from the 4. w: controlled feeding,

low BW:pelleted feed increased feed intake, or increased nutrient density;

high BW: unchanged daily amount of feed;- 9. w: 650-700 g BW (change of feeds according to the

BW),- 17. w: housing.

1.1.2.1. FEEDING 2.1. FEEDING PULLETSPULLETS

Light Program

- 0-3. d: 24 h/d, 20 lux,

- 4 -21 d: 10 lux, from 24 h/d to 8 h/d,

- from 21. d till the end of the 17. w: 8 h/d, 10 lux.

1.1.2.2. FEEDING 2.2. FEEDING COMMERCIALCOMMERCIAL HENS HENS

Production of Commercial Eggs (Hybrids)Duration of Laying: 12 months,- Hybrids for egg production

- Leghorn-Type Hybrids (e.g. Shaver Starcross 288),- Hybrids with brown egg shell (e.g. Tetra SL),

Egg produced, no.: 300-310 (3% of the BW),Production

- 18. w: level of egg production is 5%,- 20. w: level of egg production is 10% (BW:1,7 kg),- 22. w: level of egg production is 60%,- 25-26. w: level of egg production is 95% (pick production).

NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTSNUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS

Nutrients Prelayer Layer 1 Layer 2 (18-22. w) (23-64. w) (65-75. w)

Crude protein, % 16.0 18.0 16.0ME, (MJ/kg 12.0 12.0 11.5Lys, g/kg 5.5 8.0 6.0Met + Cys, g/kg 4.0 7.0 5.0Linoleic Acid, % 1.1 1.1 1.1Ca, g/kg 18.0 36.5 37.5P, (available), g/kg 4.0 4.0 4.0NaCl, % 0.3 0.3 0.3

1.1.2.2. FEEDING 2.2. FEEDING COMMERCIALCOMMERCIAL HENS HENS

- ad libitum,

- mash,

- grits,

- feed efficiency: 2,0-2,1 kg/kg eggs,

- end of the egg production: slaughter,

ARTIFICIAL LIGHT

- 18-21 . w: 1 h/w increment, 20 lux,

- 21. w: 12 h/d, 20 lux,

- 24. w: 14 h/d, 20 lux, at 85% egg prod.: 16 h/d.