FDR & The New Deal
description
Transcript of FDR & The New Deal
![Page 1: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
FDR & The New Deal
![Page 2: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Election of 1932
• Depression had been going on for 3-years.
• Millions are unemployed, hungry, and homeless.
• The Democrat, Franklin Delano Roosevelt of NY, easily defeats Hoover.
![Page 3: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Election of 1932
![Page 4: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Who was Franklin Delano Roosevelt?
• Know as—”FDR”
• Born to a very wealthy family in NY.
• Went to Groton, Harvard, & then Columbia Law School.
• Married his distant cousin—Eleanor.
• 5th Cousin of Teddy Roosevelt.
![Page 5: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
FDR’s Political Career
• Served in the NY state legislature.
• Assistant Sec. of the Navy under Wilson.
• Democratic VP candidate in 1920 (lost).
• 2-Time Governor of NY (1928-1932).
![Page 6: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Polio
• In 1921, while vacationing at his family home in Campobello FDR contracts polio.
• He never walks again.
![Page 7: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
FDR as Pres.
• While running for President, FDR had pledged, “a new deal for the American people.”
• The New Deal became the name for FDR’s programs to end the depression.
• “We have nothing to fear, but fear itself.”
• Only US Pres. Elected 4-times.
![Page 8: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Hundred Days
• The first 3-months after FDR took office, he began a flurry of legislative action aimed at ending the Depression.
• This was called the Hundred Days.
• Immediate impact was minimal; but gave people hope.
![Page 9: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
The Banking Crisis
• Called for a “Bank Holiday” (closed all banks for 4-days)
• Then only “sound” banks could reopen.
• Others would remain closed until the govt. could develop a way to open them safely.
• Restores public’s confidence in banks again.
• By 1933 ½ of banks are open again.
![Page 10: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The 3-R’s
• New Deal Programs were aimed at the 3-R’s:
– A. Relief for the unemployed.– B. Recovery measures to stimulate the
economy.– C. Reform laws to lessen the threat of
another economic disaster.
![Page 11: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Reform Laws
• Truth-In-Securities Act —designed to eliminate fraud in the stock market.
• Creates the Securities & Exchange Commission (SEC) to regulate the stock exchange.
• The Glass-Steagall Banking Act —Prohibited banks from investing customers’ savings in the stock market.
– The Glass-Steagall Act also established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Which insures bank deposits in all member banks.
![Page 12: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Fireside Chats
• FDR’s regular radio addresses to the nation.
• Very charismatic with public and press.
![Page 13: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Brain Trust
• Brain Trust = Name given to FDR’s advisors.
• Many are college professors from Columbia.
![Page 14: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
FERA
• To help the unemployed, FDR asked congress to appropriate $500 million to a new agency—the Federal Emergency Relief Administration.
• Headed by Harry Hopkins.
• Gave temporary relief, but did not require work (the dole) and hurt people’s self respect.
• FDR and Hopkins wanted relief programs that would put people to work.
![Page 15: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Civil Works Administration
• CWA
• Public works projects.
• 4 million to work
• Run by FERA
• Only for 5-months
![Page 16: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Civilian Conservation Corp• CCC
• Put thousands of unemployed men to work on conservation projects.
• Young men 18 – 25.
• Workers built facilities in state and national parks.
![Page 17: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
• Workers lived in barracks and followed strict schedules (kind of like the army).
• Women were excluded.
• Minorities were limited and segregated.
![Page 18: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Review• Describe FDR’s Background.
• FDR was the only pres. to do what?
• How did FDR deal with the banking crisis?
• Define: 100 Days New Deal
Fireside Chats
Brain Trust
CCC
FERA
![Page 19: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
• AAA
• Agency set up to help farmers.
• Paid farmers a subsidy to reduce production. This would cause prices to rise.
• Favored large farmers over small & led to eviction of many tenant farmers and sharecroppers.
• Supreme court rule unconstitutional in 1936. Said the govt. had no authority to tell farmers to limit production.
• New = Soil conservation and Domestic Allotment Act.
![Page 20: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
National Recovery Administration• Law = National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
• Creates The NRA
• Organization that sought to increase the productivity of industry by relaxing antitrust laws.
• Sets codes-- production levels, prices, quality standards—for various industries.
• Establishes minimum wages and maximum hrs. workers can work.
![Page 21: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
![Page 24: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
![Page 25: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Problems with NRA• Section 7(a) gave workers the right to form unions but couldn’t be
enforced.
• Codes written by largest businesses and tended to favor them.
• Prices raised artificially.
• Industrial production actually declines.
• Headed by Hugh Johnson
• Supreme Court rules is unconstitutional.
![Page 26: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Schechter Bros. v. US
• Poultry biz. In Brooklyn. “Dead Chicken Case”
• Had violated NRA codes.
• Not involved in interstate commerce.• Supreme court ruled NRA was
unconstitutional because Pres. Had taken over legislative powers in drafting codes.
![Page 27: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Public Works Administration• PWA
• Was created along with NRA under the national Industrial Recovery Act.
• Provided job for the unemployed to work on public projects.
• Built schools, dams, highways, govt. buildings, low income housing, etc.
• But limited (FDR not sold on deficit spending)
• Headed by Harold Ickes who was too exact and had trouble spending the $.
![Page 28: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Tennessee Valley Authority
• TVA
• Built dams in the Tennessee valley to create electricity.
• Also created jobs and enriched the soil.
• But backwater flooded some farmers.
• Business leaders felt it was a socialist program & that it unfairly competed with private businesses.
![Page 29: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Norris Dam
![Page 31: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
2nd New Deal
• 1935
• In response to criticism from left and right.
• More aggressive towards corporate interests and the wealthy.
• Raised taxes on wealthy.
• Wagner Act (National Labor Relations Act). Gives workers the right to form unions.
![Page 32: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Social Security Act
• 1935, Social Security Act passed.
• Gave security (money) for the elderly.
• Also people with disabilities, the unemployed, and dependent children and their mothers.
• How Social Security Works:• Employees pay in throughout their careers• Workers got money back in the form of monthly
retirement checks.
![Page 33: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Housing for the Poor
• United States Housing Authority (USHA).
• Spent $540 million building apartments for low income people.
![Page 34: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
National Youth Administration
• NYA
• Youth 16-24
• Provided job training and jobs
![Page 35: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Works Progress Administration• WPA
• Big Building Projects—schools, airports, hospitals, playgrounds, etc. LARGER SCALE THAN CWA OR PWA.
• But also put unemployed teachers. Artists, writers, and actors to work.
• Wrote plays glorifying New Deal.
• Oral Histories and travel guides.
• Painted Murals.
![Page 36: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
WPA
![Page 37: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
![Page 39: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
![Page 40: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
![Page 41: FDR & The New Deal](https://reader033.fdocuments.us/reader033/viewer/2022061418/5681458c550346895db27539/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Other banking stuff
• Emergency Banking Act—gives govt. greater control over banks.
• Govt. gives money to banks.