FDR & A New Deal
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Transcript of FDR & A New Deal
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FDR & A New Deal
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New Deal Brain Trust
Group of lawyers, journalists, and professors Served as advisors in crafting New Deal policies
New Deal’s Goals1.Relief for needy2.Economic Recovery3.Financial Reform
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First 100 DaysMarch 9 – June 16, 1933
Congress passed 15 pieces of legislation
Closed all banks & passed Emergency Banking Relief Act Treasury department would inspect all banks Only sound banks would re-open
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Continued help for Banks
Glass – Steagall Act – 1933 Established the Federal Insurance Corporation (FDIC) Provides insurance for individual bank accounts up to $5000
Federal Securities Act Corporations needed to provide complete information on stock
offerings Made companies liable for any mis-information Created Securities & Exchange Committee
Significance: Reassures people’s faith in banks & stock market
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Housing & Home Home Owners Loan Corporations (HOLC)
Provided government loans to individuals who faced foreclosure
Federal Housing Administration Continues to furnish loans for mortgages
Significance: Helps stop the foreclosure cycle
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Fireside chats Radio chats regarding public concern
Wanted to explain to the public his New Deal plans
Result: People began to reinvest money & aided economy
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New Deal ProgramsProgram Group Significance
Agricultural Adjustment Act Farmers
Pay farmers not to grow --> Hope to increase prices
Ruled Unconstitutional
Civilian Conservation Corps Young MenGreat Plains
Built roads, developed parks, planted trees
Aimed at preventing another Dust Bowl
Tennessee Valley Authority Tennessee River Valley Constructed Dams, created jobs, established hydro-power
National Industrial Recovery Act
MenAll States
Created jobs for construction of schools & community buildings
Ruled Unconstitutional
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2nd New Deal
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FDR & Supreme CourtO Supreme Court began to rule certain programs
unconstitutional (AAA & NIRA)O WHY? Court felt Executive Branch was getting
too powerfulO FDR proposes “court-packing bill”--> REJECTED
O Ironic Result: FDR was able to appoint 7 new justices due to resignations
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New Deal Under Attack Policy of Deficit Spending
Spending more money than government receives in revenue
Attacked by Liberals (Democrats) Argued New Deal failed to help poor & economy enough
Attacked by Conservatives (Republicans) Too much government control & direct relief Fr. Charles Coughlin & Dr. Francis Townsend Huey Long & “Share-Our-Wealth”
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2nd New deal’s GoalsO Wanted to continue success of 1st
100 daysO Aimed to help the individual
O Farmers, Laborers, FamiliesO 2nd AAA created
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Eleanor RooseveltO Urged FDR to help individual
familiesO Strong ties to humanitarian effortsO Tremendous influence on FDR
Do what you feel in your heart to be right- for you'll be criticized anyway. You'll be damned if you do, and damned if you don't. - Eleanor Roosevelt
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2nd New Deal Programs Program Group Significance
Works Progress Administration American PublicUnskilled laborers
Create as many jobs as possible
Provide Paychecks & Dignity
National Youth Administration Young peopleProvide Education, counseling,
jobs & recreationStudents worked part time jobs
Wagner Act Rights of Workers
Re-established NIRA provision of collective bargaining
Set up National Labor Review Board to protect workers
Social Security Act Retirees over 65
•Provided insurance, ½ from employer, ½ from worker.Provided
Unemployment compensation by federal tax
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New Deal & Society
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New Deal Effects on Variety of Groups
• Women• FDR named several women to government
positions• Francis Perkins 1st woman named to Cabinet
(Labor)• African - Americans
• A. Phillip Randolph organized 1st black trade union• Mary McLeod Bethune work closely with NYA and
organized a “Black Cabinet”• Marian Andersen performs at Lincoln Memorial
• Who do you think is playing a large role aiding these changes?
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New Deal Effects on Variety of Groups
• Mexican - Americans• Mostly were agricultural workers who looked
to New Deal for support
• Native Americans• John Collier & Indian Reorganization Act
• Big shift in political philosophy• Changed from assimilation to autonomy• Focused on 3 areas: Political, Economic,
Cultural
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New Deal Coalition• Consisted of southern whites, urban groups, African-
Americans, and industrial workers
• Aimed policies to help these groups
• Group’s support helped FDR & Democrats dominate politics through the 1940s
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1930s SocietyO Radio & Movies helped people
escape O Gone with the WindO War of the Worlds (Orson Welles)
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• Represents the artwork of the time
Federal Art Project paid artists to
reproduceO American Gothic
O - Grant Wood 1930.
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Impact of New Deal
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Lasting Impact of the New Deal
1.Expanding Government Role in Economy
2.Protecting Workers’ Rights3.Long Lasting Social Implications4.Benefits to Environment
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Expanding Government Role in EconomyO FDIC & SEC regulate
banking & stock market
O Creating federal jobs
O Attempting to regulate supply & demand (AAA)
O Policy of deficit spending
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Protecting Workers’ Rights• National Labor Relations
Board• Still mediates disputes
between management & workers today
• Collective bargaining
• Set new standards for wages & hours
• Banned child labor• Women could organize
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Social Implications• Social Security Act
• New Deal CoalitionO Diverse group of
minorities who through FDR’s New Deal began to support Democrat party for 1st time
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Benefits to EnvironmentO CCC & TVA
O AAA