Types of Faults:Faults Type Info Where are they

found/ExamplesNormal Fault The hanging wall moves downwards

generally occur in places where the lithosphere is being stretched. A normal fault drops rock on one side of the fault down relative to the other side.

Reverse Fault Along a reverse fault one rocky block is pushed up relative to rock on the other side.

Strike-Slip Fault

Move Horizontally. Scrape along side-by-side. Less noticeable.

San Andreas Fault in California, Alpine Faults

Syncline Fold Synclines are folds with younger layers at the centre of the structure. The shape of the syncline fold is upward concave. If softer rocks are at the core of the syncline, they will erode and form a valleyIf harder rocks are at the core of the syncline, erosion can carve them into a pea

Sydeling hill Maryland Washington countyPowder river basin

Anticline Faults

An anticline is a fold that maintains an upwards convex shape, with the oldest beds found at it’s core. To put it basically, it is a fold structure in which the sides of the fold slope apart.Anticlines are formed as a result of movement on non-planar faults – during both shortening and extension.The progressively older towards the centre of the fold.

Monocline A monocline is a step-like geological fold without a change in dip direction across the fold hinge because the layers dip in the same direction.

HillsReef National Park

Spreading Boundaries/ Divergence Plates

Are in the middle of the ocean . Create rift valleys occur along spreading centers where plates are moving apart and new crust is created by magma pushing up from the mantle. Picture two giant conveyor belts, facing each other but slowly moving in opposite directions as they transport newly formed oceanic crust away from the ridge crest.where new crust is generated as the plates pull away from each other.

Found in north eastern africaMid-Atlantic RidgeSee picture Below

Collison Boundary/ Convergent Boundaries

Convergent boundaries. Two colliding plates buckle at the collsion and it turns into mountain range or trench. where crust is destroyed as one plate dives under another.

Deep trench of the coast of South America in the pacific.San Andreas FaultHimalayas are the result of a collison boundarySee picture below

Transverse/ Transform Boundaries

Release energy in the form of earthquakes. The zone between two plates sliding horizontally past one another is called a transform boundary.where crust is neither produced nor destroyed as the plates slide horizontally past each other.

San Andreas Fault.See picture below

Volcanic (Subduction) Island Chain

From subduction plates. Two plate collide and it carries water. Produces Volcanoes.

Ring of FireAleutian Islands

Brainstorm impacts of a natural disaster: Loss of homes

Jobs close down Lack of supplies Causes an Increase in Mental Health Problems Economic Loss through jobs closing, refunding infrastructure Death Poverty Injuries Loss of Power/Food/Produce/Medicine Disease

Virtual Earthquake Activityhttp://www.sciencecourseware.com/eec/Earthquake/

or:

http://www.sciencecourseware.com/VirtualEarthquake/

Research current and proposed models used for detecting and surviving Earthquakes: