Fate of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Guardia_Mid-Atlantic_06. · PDF fileBr...
date post
29-Jul-2018Category
Documents
view
214download
0
Embed Size (px)
Transcript of Fate of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Guardia_Mid-Atlantic_06. · PDF fileBr...
Fate
of P
olyb
rom
inat
ed D
iphe
nyl E
ther
s Fa
te o
f Pol
ybro
min
ated
Dip
heny
l Eth
ers
(PBD
Es) i
n W
aste
wat
ers
(PBD
Es) i
n W
aste
wat
ers
Mar
k J.
La
Guar
dia
Mar
k J.
La
Guar
dia
Virgin
ia I
nst
itute
of
Mar
ine
Sci
ence
Virgin
ia I
nst
itute
of
Mar
ine
Sci
ence
Colle
ge
of
Will
iam
and M
ary
Colle
ge
of
Will
iam
and M
ary
Glo
uce
ster
Poin
t, V
irgin
iaG
louce
ster
Poin
t, V
irgin
iam
arkl
mar
vim
svi
ms ..
edu
edu
Poly
brom
inat
ed D
iphe
nyl E
ther
s (P
BDEs
)Po
lybr
omin
ated
Dip
heny
l Eth
ers
(PBD
Es)
O
BrBrBr
Br
Br
Br
Br
BrBrBr
BD
E-2
09
O
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
Bro
min
ated
Flam
e-re
tard
ants
G
lobal
2001 d
eman
d 6
7,3
90 m
etric
tons
(MT)
Thre
e co
mm
erci
al f
orm
ula
tions
D
eca-
BD
Es,
~80%
, pla
stic
s in
com
pute
rs,
TVs,
O
cta-B
DEs,
~7%
, pla
stic
s
Pen
ta-B
DEs,
~13%
, poly
ure
than
e fo
am
s
sim
ilar
IUPA
C n
amin
g s
chem
e as
PCBs
98%
of
Penta
-use
d in N
ort
h A
mer
ica
BD
E-1
83
O
Br
Br
Br
Br
Br
BD
E-9
9
PBD
E Ex
posu
re
U.S.
bloo
d lev
els 19
73 a
nd 2
003
(pg/
g, lip
id wt
., n=
100)
Sc
hect
er e
t al.,
200
5
110100
1000
1000
0
1000
00
1000
000
Diox
ins
Dibe
nzof
uran
sCo
-Pla
nar P
CBs
Mon
o-Or
tho
PCBs
PBDE
s
pg/g (ppt)
1973
2003
Com
par
ison
Bet
wee
n C
once
ntr
atio
ns
of P
BD
Es
in B
reas
t M
ilk
fro
m N
orth
Am
eric
a an
d E
uro
pe
Sam
plin
g Y
ear
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
Concnetration (ng/g lipid weight)
050100
150
200
Nor
th A
mer
ica
Sw
eden
Fin
land
Sa
mp
les
co
lle
cte
d i
n
Au
sti
n &
De
nv
er
Sa
mp
les
co
lle
cte
d i
n N
ew
Yo
rk S
tate
Ca
na
dia
n
Mil
k B
an
k
Ca
na
dia
n
Mil
k B
an
k
4
Ca
nad
ian
Milk
Ba
nk
an
d N
ew
Yo
rk S
tate
fro
m R
yan
an
d P
atr
y 2
00
0,
De
nve
r an
d A
ust
in r
esu
lts
fro
m P
apke
et
al
20
01
; S
we
dis
h d
ata
fro
m M
eir
on
yte
Gu
vern
ius
an
d N
ore
n 2
00
1,
Fin
nis
h d
ata
fro
m S
tra
nd
ma
n e
t al
. 2
00
0
PBD
E Ex
posu
re
Cla
ssic
PO
P g
lobal
red
istr
ibution
D
etec
ted in:
US,
Euro
pea
n a
nd A
sian
fis
h,
Arc
tic
seals
, dee
p o
cean
s w
hal
es,
terr
estr
ial
birds/
eggs,
chic
kens,
,
hum
ans
PBD
Es
mim
ic t
hyr
oid
horm
ones
critica
l in
ea
rly
dev
elopm
ent
(mg/K
g (
ppm
), b
ody
wei
ght)
PBD
Es
per
sist
ent
& b
ioac
cum
ula
te
PBD
E r
estr
ictions/
legis
lation
Pen
ta-
and
Oct
a-fo
rmula
tion
s
2004,
ban f
rom
Euro
pea
n m
arke
ts
2005,
volu
nta
ry p
roduct
ion h
alt
in t
he
US
Fish
Tis
sue
and
Sedi
men
t Con
tam
inan
ts
Fish
Tis
sue
and
Sedi
men
t Con
tam
inan
ts
Mon
itorin
g Pr
ogra
m
Mon
itorin
g Pr
ogra
m --
VA D
EQVA
DEQ
Virg
inia F
ish S
urve
y (To
tal-P
BDEs
)
0
100
200
300
400
500
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
Numb
er of
Sam
ples
mirco-g/Kg (wet wt.)
2000
Virg
inia F
ish S
urve
y (To
tal-P
BDEs
)
0
100
200
300
400
500
050
100
150
200
250
300
350
Numb
er of
Sam
ples
mirco-g/Kg (wet wt.)
2000
2001
Virg
inia
Fis
h Su
rvey
(Tot
al-P
BD
Es)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
010
020
030
040
050
0N
umbe
r of S
ampl
es
mirco-g/Kg (wet wt.)
2000
2001
2002
2000
322 s
ample
s (6
9 n
d),
24 (
7%
) >
50g/K
g,
max
. 417g/K
g
2001
413 s
ample
s (6
7 n
d),
26 (
6%
) >
50g/K
g,
max
. 220g/K
g
2002
386 s
ample
s (2
4 n
d),
53 (
14%
) >
50g/K
g,
max.
14
09
g
/K
g
ww
w.d
eq
.vir
gin
ia.g
ov/
fish
tiss
ue/
ho
mep
ag
e.h
tml
Parti
tioni
ng o
f PBD
Es in
WW
TPPa
rtitio
ning
of P
BDEs
in W
WTP
Lit
tle R
iver
WW
TP
, W
ind
sor,
On
tari
o,
Can
ad
a
an
aero
bic
dig
estion (
Dec
a-BD
Es)
hal
f-liv
e ~
700 d
ays
(Ger
ecke
et a
l.,
(Chem
osp
her
e, 2
006)
re
duct
ive
deb
rom
ination (
pro
duct
s nona-
and o
cta-
BD
Es
(Ger
ecke
et a
l.,
(ES&
T,
2005)
PBD
Es in
Effl
uent
& E
fflue
nt D
omin
ated
PB
DEs
in E
fflue
nt &
Effl
uent
Dom
inat
ed
Rec
eivi
ng S
tream
Rec
eivi
ng S
tream
Pent
a- (f
orm
ulat
ion)
BD
Es
02468101214
BD
E47
BD
E100
BD
E99
BD
E154
BD
E153
PBD
E co
ngen
ers
ng/L (ppt)
Efflu
ent
Stre
am
PBD
Es
det
ecte
d in W
WTP e
fflu
ent
(ppt
to p
pb)
lo
w n
g/L
(ppt)
for
Pen
ta-
g/L
(ppb)
leve
ls f
or
Dec
a-B
DEs
Ass
oci
ated
with p
articl
es
Sim
ilar
effluen
t an
d s
trea
m c
once
ntr
ations
Eff
luen
t-dom
inat
ed s
trea
ms
Tex
tile
& p
last
ics
indust
ries
pote
ntial
sourc
es t
o W
WTPs
In
dust
rial
pre
trea
tmen
t (D
eca-
reduct
ion)
Dec
a- (f
orm
ulat
ion)
BD
Es
02,
000
4,00
06,
000
8,00
010
,000
12,0
0014
,000
BDE2
07BD
E206
BDE2
09
