5.loss of support (7)a.The fathers aren't giving the family any money.b.The fathers are seldom at home to help with child care.6.increasing economic responsibility (8)a.Mothers are expected to be very economical, to save a lot of money.b.Mothers are expected to contribute more money to the family income.7.social policy (9)a.The study encourages thinking about ways to entertain families.b.The study encourages thinking about ways that government can help familiesdeal with their problems.8.one apparent exception (22)a.It seems that single-parent households are not very common in Japan.b.Japan definitely does not have a lot of single-parent families.9.relatively rare (22)a.Single-parent households are very unusual in Japan.b.Compared to other countries, Japan has few single-parent households.IV. Talking and Writing.Discuss the following topics. Then choose one of them to write about.1. At one time, women were supposed to be taken care of all their lives, first by their fathersand then by their husbands. But that also meant that they were controlled by these men.Today, in many countries, women have financial and personal independenceand theresponsibility of being self-reliant. In your opinion, which way of life is better for women?2. Once, children were a financial asset to a family because they worked from a very youngage. Today, many countries have child labor laws that strictly limit the amount and type ofwork children can do. Children are now expected to put most of their energy toward theireducation. Do you think it is better for children to be only students until they finish highschool or college? Or do you think that teenagers who work gain valuable experience thathelps them become successful adults?3. Worldwide, a significant number of parents are unable to give their children good educational opportunities or a childhood without deprivation. What should governments do tohelp families meet the basic needs of all children?

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