Facing the Resource Curse - · PDF fileO Oslo, January 2013 Final Report Facing the Resource...
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O Oslo, January 2013
Facing the Resource Curse:
Norways Oil for Development Program
Final Report
Scanteam Box 593 Sentrum, NO-0106 Oslo, Norway - Tel: +47 2335 7030
Web: www.scanteam.no E-mail: [email protected]
Project: Evaluation of Norways Oil for Development Program
Client: Norad Evaluation Department
Period: June 2011 November 2012
Task Team:
Mr. Arne Disch, Scanteam, co-team leader
Mr. Flemming Ole Rasmussen, Danish Energy Agency, co-team leader
Mr. Vegard Bye, Scanteam
Mr. Jarle Haarstad, Scanteam
Ms. Torun Reite, Scanteam
Resource Team:
Mr. Lars Bakka, Independent Consultant/Lawyer
Mr. Sigurd Enge, Bellona
Ms. Eva Tamber, AFF, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration (NHH)
Mr. Ragnar Torvik, Professor, Norwegian University for Science and Technology (NTNU)
Quality Assurors:
Mr. Anton Hellesy, Independent Adviser
Mr. Ulrich Meier, Scanteam
Evaluation of Norways Oil for Development Program
Scanteam Final Report i
Contents
Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................................................... vii
Executive Summary ................................................................................................ ix
1 Introduction and Background ...................................................................... 1
1.1 Objectives of the Evaluation ..................................................................... 1
1.2 Addressing the Key Questions ................................................................. 3
2 Oil for Development: The Program over Time ............................................ 5
2.1 Oil for Development: A Norwegian Model? ............................................ 6
2.2 Oil for Development Partner Countries .................................................... 8
2.3 Oil for Development Funding and Disbursements ................................... 9
2.4 Country and Partner Level Disbursements ............................................. 12
2.5 The 2006 Evaluation .............................................................................. 12
2.6 Findings and Conclusions ...................................................................... 14
3 Approach and Methodology ....................................................................... 15
3.1 Capacity Development ........................................................................... 16
3.2 Pillar Achievements ................................................................................ 17
3.3 Cross-cutting Issues ............................................................................... 18
3.4 Assessing Management, Partners and Instruments Used ...................... 18
3.5 Countries and Cases for Study ............................................................... 19
3.6 Sources of Information ........................................................................... 23
3.7 Findings and Conclusions ...................................................................... 23
4 The Petroleum Resource Pillar ................................................................... 24
4.1 Country Program Situations ................................................................... 24
4.1.1 Mozambique ............................................................................................. 24
4.1.2 Ghana ....................................................................................................... 25
4.1.3 Uganda ..................................................................................................... 27
4.1.4 Timor-Leste .............................................................................................. 28
4.2 Achievements and Challenges ............................................................... 28
4.2.1 Mozambique ............................................................................................. 28
4.2.2 Ghana ....................................................................................................... 29
4.2.3 Uganda ..................................................................................................... 30
4.2.4 Timor-Leste .............................................................................................. 31
4.2.5 Bolivia ....................................................................................................... 31
4.2.6 Ecuador .................................................................................................... 32
4.2.7 Nicaragua ................................................................................................. 33
4.2.8 Summing Up ............................................................................................. 33
4.3 Findings and Conclusions ...................................................................... 34
Evaluation of Norways Oil for Development Program
Scanteam Final Report ii
5 The Revenue/Finance Pillar ........................................................................ 36
5.1 Country Program Situations ................................................................... 36
5.2 Achievements in Timor-Leste ................................................................. 38
5.3 Achievements in other Countries ............................................................ 43
5.3.1 Uganda ..................................................................................................... 43
5.3.2 Bolivia ....................................................................................................... 44
5.3.3 Ghana ....................................................................................................... 44
5.3.4 Mozambique ............................................................................................. 44
5.3.5 Relevance, Efficiency and Effectiveness.................................................. 45
5.4 Findings and Conclusions ...................................................................... 46
6 The Environmental Pillar............................................................................. 48
6.1 Country Program Situations ................................................................... 48
6.1.1 Mozambique ............................................................................................. 48
6.1.2 Ghana ....................................................................................................... 50
6.1.3 Uganda ..................................................................................................... 50
6.1.4 Timor-Leste .............................................................................................. 51
6.1.5 Bolivia ....................................................................................................... 52
6.2 Achievements and Challenges ............................................................... 52
6.2.1 Mozambique ............................................................................................. 52
6.2.2 Ghana ....................................................................................................... 53
6.2.3 Uganda ..................................................................................................... 53
6.2.4 Timor-Leste .............................................................................................. 54
6.2.5 Bolivia ....................................................................................................... 55
6.3 HSE and National Oil Spills Response Systems ..................................... 55
6.4 Risk Sharing and Recourse .................................................................... 55
6.5 Non-Government Capacity Development ............................................... 56
6.6 Findings and Conclusions ...................................................................... 57
7 Cross-cutting Dimensions of Oil for Development ................................... 59
7.1 Good Governance .................................................................................. 59
7.2 Gender ................................................................................................... 65
7.3 Civil Society and Media .......................................................................... 68
7.4 Findings and Conclusions ...................................................................... 71
8 Implementation: Partners and Instruments............................................... 72
8.1 Norwegian Public Bodies ....................................................................... 72
8.1.1 Ministries .................................................................................................. 72
8.1.2 Norwegian Petroleum Directorate NPD................................................. 73
8.1.3 Petrad ....................................................................................................... 74
8.1.4 Other Public Bodies .................................................................................. 75
8.2 Other Implementing Partners ................................................................. 76
8.2.1 National Authorities .................................................................................. 76
8.2.
