Oceans Of Energy Paul Mario Koola

Facing the four Elements:Developing a Transatlantic Approach

to Sustainability

DAAD Meetingin New York City

Panel IIFIRE – HOW WILL WE POWER OUR PLANET?

October 28 – 30, 2010

Oceans Of Energy

Population Growth - Wiki

Renewable Energy

Water Shortage www.worldwatercouncil.org

1.1 billion people live without clean drinking water  2.6 billion people lack adequate sanitation

(2002, UNICEF/WHO JMP 2004)

Source: WaterGAP 2.0 - December 1999

70% of Earth’s Surface THE COASTAL POPULATION EXPLOSION - Don Hinrichsen

Overwhelming bulk of humanity - on just 10% of the earth’s land surface - concentrated along or near coasts

55-60% of all Americans now live on or near a coast 200 Mile Economic Exclusive Zone How to sustain / create ocean wealth responsibly

Huge Untapped Real Estate Power & Desalination Aquaculture Mineral Wealth (Manganese Nodules) Recreation – Floating Islands etc. Floating Airports Sensor Networks / Transportation

Oceans

Kansai Airport - Wiki

OutlineProblem

Water & Energy Shortage with Population GrowthSolution – Ocean Energy (Wave Energy)TechnologyBusiness Model Competitive AnalysisAreas of ExpertiseMarket and Sales PitchSummary

Use Ocean Real Estate e.g. Ocean Sensor Network

Problem – Lacks Power Infrastructure Solution - Ocean Energy

Infrastructure lacks power to self sustain Alternate commercial applications likely if

power infrastructure available

Princeton Ocean Network

Navy Ocean Network

Ocean Energies

TidalCurrents Offshore WindOsmotic Power Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion

(OTEC)Wave Energy

Tidal Energy

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/0/00/Tide_type.gif SeaGen - world's first commercial tidal generator in Strangford Lough Northern Ireland

Dam of the tidal power plant on the estuary of the Rance River, Bretagne, France (240 MW, 1966 )

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidal_power

Ocean Current Energy

Hammerfest Strøm AS 2006

Gulfstream Energy Incorporated 2006

http://ocsenergy.anl.gov/documents/docs/OCS_EIS_WhitePaper_Current.pdf

Offshore Wind Energy

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c7/Hywind.jpg

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Floating_loose_mooring_catenary_plain.svg

Energy generation is higher out in the sea - unobstructed by terrain features

Electricity generated is transmitted by undersea cables

Reduced visual pollution - more than 12 miles (19 km) offshore

Better accommodation of fishing and shipping lanes

Allow siting near coastal cities

Osmotic Power - Wiki

Difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water

Two practical methods– Reverse electrodialysis (RED)

• Stack of alternating cathode and anode exchange membranes

– Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO).• The water potential of 26 bars• The world's first osmotic plant with capacity of

4 kW was opened by Statraft on 24 November, 2009 in Tofte, Norway

OTEC

http://www.nrel.gov/otec/what.html

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d4/OTEC_diagram.gif

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Otec2.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c5/Otec2.jpg

Wave Energy

Wave Energy – Scalable Power Researched in depth from the

70’s Oil Crisis Time is Right, Technology

Available

Ocean Wave Energy Waves are a concentrated form of wind energy Waves are formed by winds blowing over the surface of the ocean Worldwide economically recoverable wave energy resource are in

the range of 140 to 750 TWh/yr [ETNWE 2003] The UK Dept. of Trade and Industry (DTI) predicts 35TW/year by

2025 in UK [VBR 2007]

Relative Global Wave Energy

Density (kW/m)Source: Wave Energy paper.

IMechE, 1991and  European Directory of

Renewable Energy (Suppliers and Services) 1991

Outline

Problem – Water & Energy ShortageSolution – Ocean Energy (Wave Energy)TechnologyBusiness Model Competitive AnalysisAreas of ExpertiseMarket and Sales PitchSummary

Wave Energy Converters (WEC)WEC converts slow moving oscillations in ocean

waves to electricityProblem is how to build a cost effective WEC?Total Life Cycle Cost includes Design, Fabrication,

Deployment & MaintenanceMaintenance is approx. 20% of the total cost of

the power produced (Maintenance in Ocean)UK Wave power electricity prices range from

12p/KWHr to 25p/KWHr. Scaling will see drop in prices [VBR 2007]

Wave Energy TechnologiesEvolution WE1.0 –> 2.0 –> 3.0 Floats/Buoys (heave) or Pitching Devices (slope)Oscillating Water Columns –

OWC Surge Concentrators

TAPCHANPassive or Active (Phase

Control) Shallow / Deep Water

Bottom Standing / Floating Devices

© Boyle 1996

OWC: Wavegen

Pelamis

Outline

Problem – Ocean Power InfrastructureSolution – Wave EnergyTechnologyBusiness Model Competitive AnalysisAreas of ExpertiseMarket and Sales PitchSummary

Wave Energy Technologies Viable New Marketing Model

Power Stations at Sea. (WE 3.0) First intent not to push power to shore but consume it

where produced (new market) Distributed Ocean Network

Power, Wireless Communication, Desalination (future)Power Buoys trade EnergySell Floating Power Islands (Increase Network)Autonomous Revenue Management and Control via

wireless communication to shoreInvestors own units and monitor and price power

Business Model

Outline

Problem – Ocean Power InfrastructureSolution – Wave EnergyTechnologyBusiness Model Competitive AnalysisMarket and Sales PitchSummary and Action Timeline

Competitive Analysis Key Wave Energy Players (First Movers, 2nd Gen)

Pelamis, OPT, WaveBob Time is Right – Global Warming, Carbon Credits Weakness - Aiming for Power to Shore Threat - Nuclear Concept

Use Distributed Scalable Modules For Power at Sea

Wireless Communication, Desalination (future)We can beat power from land delivered at sea

Outline

Problem – Ocean Power InfrastructureSolution – Wave EnergyTechnologyBusiness Model Competitive AnalysisAreas of ExpertiseMarket and Sales PitchSummary

Areas of Expertise Hydrodynamics Offshore Engineering Turbine / Generators Power Electronics Instrumentation Distributed Controls Communications

Outline

Problem – Ocean Power InfrastructureSolution – Wave EnergyTechnologyBusiness Model Competitive AnalysisAreas of ExpertiseMarket and Sales PitchSummary

Market and Sales Pitch Market Segments

Navy – Seabasing, Autonomous Coastal ProtectionOffshore Industry – Carbon Credits Fisheries – Pump up nutrient rich waterOceanography – Instrumentation, HurricaneRecreation – Artificial Powered Floating Islands

Sales Pitch (Power at Sea – New Market) Fractional cost of manned battery replacement at seaProfit Margin High - Multiples of cost to produce energy Compete with power to land as network scales and excess

energy is generated.

Outline

Problem – Ocean Power InfrastructureSolution – Wave EnergyTechnologyBusiness Model Competitive AnalysisMarket and Sales PitchSummary

Summary

Expand Ocean Power Infrastructure

Current Bottleneck Sustained funding

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_platform

* Eni's Devil's Tower located in 5,610 ft (1,710 m) of water, in the Gulf of Mexico, operated by Royal Dutch Shell was built at a cost of $3 billion

Generate and Sell Power for use at Sea

High Capital Costs (Billions *)Distributed DevelopmentCreate Network incrementally