Facilities Management UW-Eau Claire 29 CFR 1910.146 CONFINED SPACE ENTRY Awareness Training By:...

Facilities ManagementUW-Eau Claire

29 CFR 1910.146

CONFINED SPACE ENTRY Awareness Training

By: Chaizong Lor, Safety Coordinator


Confined Space Entry

– Definitions of Confined Space Entry

– Confined Space Entry on Campus

– Potential Hazards in Confined Space

• Oxygen Rich or Deficiency• Flammability and Explosion• Toxic and Irritant Exposures• Physical Hazards

– Entry Permit– Non-permit Confined Space– Permit-Required Confined

Space

– Re-classification of Confined Space

– Air Monitoring Prior to entry– Air Monitoring During entry– Ventilating Confined Spaces– Entering Procedures– Duties of entry supervisor– Duties of Entrant– Duties of Attendant– FM Rescue Plan– Contractor– Summary

• Training Objectives:


Definitions• A space that:

– Is large enough and so configured that an employee can enter bodily and perform work.

– Has limited or restricted means of entry or exit.

– Is not designed for continuous human occupancy.

• Entry– The act by which a person intentionally

passes through an opening into a permit required confined space.

– Any part of the body passing through the opening is considered entry.


Definitions Cont.

• Entrant– A person who enters into confined space.

• Attendant– A person who stays with the entrant

outside the confined space.– Responsible for assisting the entrant

in exiting the confined space.– Calling for emergency

assistance when necessary.


Confined Space Entry on Campus

• Elevator Shaft• Boilers• Pits• Manholes

• Sewers• Tunnels• Pipes • Cooling Tower


Potential Hazards in Confined Space• Both animal and plant life require

oxygen to live. One of the primary hazards of entering confined space is “OXYGEN Deficiency”

O2

O2


Oxygen Rich or Deficiency• If Oxygen is below 19.5%, it is said to

be oxygen deficient and is not safe. • If Oxygen is above 23.5%, it is

considered to be oxygen rich and is also not safe.

• Oxygen Deficiency is caused by:– Work Being Done such as:

• Welding, cutting, or brazing.– Oxygen being diluted by another gas such

as Carbon Dioxide, Nitrogen• Resulting from fire suppression.

– Certain chemical reactions with other materials to make other compounds• Rusting or paint drying

O2

CO2


• Risk is greater if any of the following conditions exists:– Oxygen concentration >23.5% by volume.– Flammable vapor or gas concentration

greater than 10% Lower Explosion Limit (LEL).• LEL: Minimum concentration (% vol.) below

which propagation of flame does not occur in the presence of an ignition source.

Flammability & Explosion


• Substances May Include:– Liquids, Vapors, Gases, Particulates, Mists,

Solid Materials.• Products May Include:

– Sludge, Chemical Residues, Waste Materials.• Causes of Toxic & Irritant

atmospheres:– Vapors and gases from previously stored

materials and degreasing solvents.– Particulates and mists from cutting and

painting operations.– Fumes and vapors from various cleaning

solvents used in a cleaning operations.

Toxic and Irritant Exposures


• Entry and Exit:– Openings may be small or constricted.

• Machinery and Equipment:– Improper lockout/tagout of equipment could cause

serious injuries.• Electrical Hazards:

– Tools that are not grounded or properly insulated could cause electrocution & accident start-ups.

• Walking/Working Surfaces & Visibility:– Poor lighting may add to hazards caused by an

irregular, sloped, or constricted working surface.• Noise and Vibration:

– Noise from equipment can be intensified in some confined space.

Physical Hazards


Physical Hazards Cont.• Engulfment Hazards

– Loose, granular material stored in holds or tanks such as:• Sand, coal, or similar material, can engulf and

suffocate an employee.

– Surfaces that are crusted or bridged over may break loose under the weight of a worker.

– Flooding of confined space.– Water or sewage flow.

Entry Permit

• The Entry Permit is the written or printed document that is provided by the employer to allow and control entry into a permit space and that contains the information specified by performance standards.


Please refer to FM Space Entry Permit


Appendix C Confined Space Entry Permit q Permit Required q Re-Classify as Non-Permit Required q Non-Permit RequiredA. GENERAL INFORMATION (Note: This permit will remain at the jobsite until job is completed. After completion of entry, return this permit to shop supervisor and he/she will

maintain this copy in shop files and forward a photocopy to Safety Coordinator).

(Location & Description of Confined Space) (Purpose of Entry)

/ a.m./p.m / (Authorized Entrant(s)) / (Authorized Attendant(s)) (Scheduled Expiration) / (Start Date)

/ a.m/p.m./ a.m./p.m.(Authorized Entry Supervisor) / (Department) (Time Started) / (Time Completed)B. ATMOSPHERIC INITIAL ASSESSMENTYES NO q q Oxygen Deficiency <19.5%q q Oxygen Enriched >23.5%q q Flammable/Combustible Atmosphere > 10% LELq q Carbon Monoxide > 25ppmq q Hydrogen Sulfide > 10ppmq q Other Toxics (Specify): ______________________Observable potential Atmospheric HazardsYES NO YES NO q q Mechanical q q Electrical q q Burn q q Engulfment/Entrapment q q Slip, Trip, Fall q q Heat/Cold Stress q q Others: ___________________________________

C. PREPARATION FOR ENTRY: Pre-entry PrecautionYES NO q q Notification of affected departments of service interruptionq q External Barricades (Vehicle, Pedestrian)q q Confined Space Identification Signsq q Communication Equipment (Two-way radio)q q PPE: Head/Eye/Hearing/Hands Protection (Circle Type)q q Confined Space Permit-Requiredq q Pre-entry briefing on specific hazard & control methodsq q Notify contractors of permit & hazard conditionsq q Reclassify as Non-Permit Required confined spaceq q Non-Permit Required Confined Space q q Emergency Escapeq q Others: _________________________________________

D. ATMOSPHERIC TESTING

Elements of Test

Permissible Entry Level

Test Results

Tests after Isolation & Ventilation

Periodic ChecksHour 1 Hour 2 Hour 3 Hour 4 Hour 5 Hour 6

% of Oxygen 19.5% to 23.5%% of LEL > 10%

Carbon Monoxide 35ppmHydrogen Sulfide 10ppm

Sulfur Dioxide 5ppmAmmonia 25ppm

Note: Continuous/periodic tests shall be performed throughout the job. If question, contact Entry Supervisor and/or Shop Supervisor.E. Isolation Methods:YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO YES NO q q Lockout/Tagout q q Blank/Blind q q Purge/Clean q q Inert q q Ventilation q q Others:________________________

F. COMMENTS: Please identify any problems encountered during entry into this space:

G. Signatures: I/We have reviewed this permit and is aware of the hazards and precautions necessary to perform the designated work in this confined space authorized by this permit: / / (Authorized Entrant(s) Signature) / (Date) (Authorized Attendant(s) Signature) / (Date)I certify that all required precautions are taken and necessary equipment is provided for safe entry and work in this confined space. / 9-911 (Authorized Entry Supervisor Signature) / (Date) (Emergency Phone Numbers)


Non-Permit Confined Space• For non-hazardous confined space work.• Permit not required if it can be proven

that hazards can be ELIMINATED OR REMOVED through the following preventive measures:– Ventilation of space– Forced air feed– Lockout/Tagout


Permit-Required Confined Space• Confined space that has one or more of

the following characteristics:– Contains or has a potential to contain

hazardous atmospheres.– Contains hazardous or potentially hazardous

confined space work.– Contains a material that has the potential for

engulfing an entrant.– Has an internal configuration such that an

entrant could become trapped or asphyxiated.

– Contains any other serious safety or health hazard.


Reclassification of Confined Space• A space may be reclassified as a Non-

permit confined space under the following conditions:– If no actual or potential atmospheric hazards

exist.– If all hazards can be eliminated without

entry into the space.– If it is necessary to enter to eliminating a

hazard, air monitoring should be completed to test for oxygen levels, flammability, and for sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and any other suspected or known atmospheric hazard.


Air Monitoring Prior to Entry• Use equipment of sufficient sensitivity and

specificity to identify and evaluate any hazardous atmospheres that may exist.– Check for Oxygen content:

• At least 19.5% and less than 23.5%.– Check for Combustibles:

• Less than 10% of the LEL.– Check for Toxic Gases:

• Most commonly carbon monoxide (PEL <35 ppm)• Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) less than 10ppm• Others Substances must be less than PEL.


Air Monitoring During Entry

– Test the air at various levels to be sure that the entire space is safe.

– Never trust your senses to determine if the air in a confined space is safe.• Your senses cannot see/smell many

toxic gases & vapors, & cannot determine the level of oxygen present.

– Entrants must periodically monitor the confined space for toxic gases, oxygen, & combustible gases.

Good Air

Poor Air

Deadly Air

Methane(Lighter than Air)

Carbon Monoxide(Same as Air)

Hydrogen Sulfide(Heavier than Air)


Air Monitoring During Entry Cont.• Carry the monitoring devices into the

space to detect changes in oxygen content or the presence of flammable and/or toxic gases.

• Continue monitoring throughout the entry to ensure that atmospheric conditions remain within the acceptable limits.

• Entrants must leave the space immediately if atmospheric conditions develop that are outside the acceptable limits.


Ventilating Confined Spaces• The space must be

mechanically ventilated to acceptable levels before entry:– Use of an air blower is

required to ensure acceptable environmental conditions.

– Place the air blower intake sufficiently upwind or away from the entry point to prevent mixing of the intake air with exhausted air.


Ventilating Confined Spaces

• Direct the forced air ventilation to ventilate the immediate areas where any entrant is or will be present within the space.

• Continue forced air ventilation until all entrants have left the space.


Entering Procedures• If air test in the confined space is within acceptable

conditions, the authorized entrants may enter the confined space.

• The attendant shall retest the air periodically while the employees are in the confined space.– If air tests are not acceptable, the attendant will order entrant

out of the confined space.• The authorized entrant must stay in touch with the

attendant by sight and/or maintain verbal communication throughout the work.• Attendant and Entrant can be rotated if they are both trained and

authorized.

• A written record of the pre-entry test results will be made on the confined space entry permit and kept at the work site for the duration of the job.


Entering Procedures Cont.• Once work in the confined space is

completed:– Ensure that all workers and all equipment are

out of the confined space.– Remove any ventilation devices.– Close the access cover to the confined space.– Remove locks/tags from devices locked out

and re-energize the equipment.– Return all canceled permits to the immediate

or entry supervisor.


Duties of Entry Supervisor

• Know the hazards which may be faced during entry.

• Make sure entry permit is completed before authorizing or allowing entry.

• Make sure the necessary procedures, practices, and equipment for safe entry are in effect before allowing entry.


Duties of Entry Supervisor Cont.

• Determine that entry operations remain consistent and that acceptable entry conditions are maintained.

• Take the necessary actions when terminating an entry operation, such as closing off a permit space and canceling the permit, once the work authorized by the permit has been completed.


Duties of Entrant• Complete training as required for confined

space entry and comply with the confined space entry procedures.

• Recognize potential permit space hazards, including information on the signs, symptoms, and consequences of exposure.

• Communicate with the attendant to: – Enable the attendant to monitor entrant status– Enable the attendant to alert entrants of the

need to evacuate the space if necessary.


Duties of Entrant Cont.• Use proper equipment, which includes:

– Atmospheric testing and monitoring equipment.– Ventilation equipment needed to obtain

acceptable entry conditions.– Communication equipment necessary to

maintain contact with the authorized attendant.– Personal protective equipment, as needed.– Lighting equipment, as needed.– Barriers and shields, as needed.


Duties of Entrant Cont.• Understand emergency procedures in case of

an accident in a confined space.• Alert the attendant and exit the space

whenever:– The entrant recognizes any warning signs or

symptoms of dangerous exposure.– The entrant detects a condition prohibited by the

permit.– The entrant perceives there is danger.

• Exit the space also whenever:– The attendant orders evacuation.– An evacuation alarm is activated.


Duties of Attendant• Remain outside the permit space at all

times during entry operation or until relieved by another attendant.

• Recognize potential permit space hazards, including information on the signs, symptoms, and consequences of exposure.

• Communicate with authorized entrants to monitor entrant status and alert the entrant.


Duties of Attendant Cont.• Monitor activities inside/outside the permit

space.• Order the authorized entrants to evacuate

the permit space immediately under any of the following condition:– The attendant detects a prohibited condition.– The attendant detects the behavioral effects

of hazard exposure in an authorized entrant.– The attendant detects a situation outside the

space that could endanger the authorized entrants.


Duties of Attendant Cont.• Summon rescue and other emergency

services as soon as the attendant determines that escape is required from the space hazards:– Warn unauthorized persons away from the

permit space.– Request unauthorized persons to exit

immediately if they have entered the permit space.

– Inform the entry supervisor if unauthorized persons have entered the permit space.


FM Rescue Plan• Use a telephone or 2-way radio to contact the

FM office and/or call 9-911for emergency services.

• When calling for emergency services, be prepared to provide the following information:– Identify the location as a “Permit-required” confined

space.– The specific location of the space (building and room

number).– The nature and details of the emergency situation.– The types of hazards that are present in the space.

• Do not enter the confined space until help arrives.


Contractor Work in FM Permit-Required Confined Space

• Shop supervisor must inform the contractor that:– The workplace contains permit spaces that can only

be entered by use of code compliant permit space program.

– The characteristics make the space a permit space.– Any precautions or procedures that FM has

implemented to protect employees in or near the permit spaces where the contractor will be working.


Contractor Cont.• Contractor shall have a confined space entry

procedure that meets OSHA requirements, and also:– Obtain any information from FM regarding permit

space hazards and entry operations.– Inform FM of the permit space program that the

contractor will follow and of any hazards they confront or create.

• When both FM and contractor employees will be working in or near permit spaces, entry operations must be coordinated between FM and the contractor.


Summary• Follow safety procedures before entry.• Identify and evaluate any hazardous

atmospheres that may exist in the confined space before entry.

• Attendant shall retest the air periodically while the employees are in the confined space.

• Contact entry supervisor when in doubt.


Confined Space Quiz1. A confined space means a space that:

a. Is large enough that an employee can enter and perform workb. Has limited or restricted means for entry or exitc. Is not designed for continuous human occupancyd. All of the above.

2. A permit-required confined space may be reclassified as a non-permit confined space under the following conditions:a. All hazards within the space cannot be eliminatedb. All hazards within the space can be eliminated without entry into the spacec. Both a & bd. None of the above


3. Which are examples of permit space hazards?

a. Hazardous atmosphere, engulfment, electrocution, and heat stress.b. Storage tanks, pits, silos, tunnels, sewers, shafts, and exhaust ducts.c. Both a & bd. None of the above.

4. The acceptable oxygen level range for confined spaces set by OSHA is:a. 17.5% to 23.5%b. 19.5% to 22%c. 19.5% to 23.5%d. None of the above


5. The primary hazard of entering a confined space is:

a. Equipment related to hazards

b. Conditions changing from non-hazardous to hazardous

c. Oxygen Deficiency

d. Electrical, mechanical, and chemical hazards

6. The entrant must constantly monitor the confined space for three primary hazards:

a. Wet surface, falling objects, & engulfment

b. Oxygen deficiency, combustible gases, & toxic gases.

c. Consumption, displacement, and reaction

d. None of the above


7. Why do you always need to test air at various levels:a. To guard an un-authorized personb. To be sure that the entire space is safec. To be sure the entrant leaves the confined space as soon as possibled. All of the above

8. If a hazardous atmosphere is detected during entry, what should you do?a. Leave the space immediatelyb. Try to finish the work as soon as possiblec. Both a & bd. None of the above


9. True/False

If conditions are safe before anyone enters a permit space, they will stay safe throughout the work.

10.True/False

If ventilation is needed, it should be started just before the space is entered.


Confined Space EntryAnswers to Quiz1. D2. B3. A4. C5. C6. B7. B8. A9. F10. F


Any Questions

??Revision Dated: May 24th, 2012

Facilities Management UW-Eau Claire 29 CFR 1910.146 CONFINED SPACE ENTRY Awareness Training By:...

Documents

Transcript of Facilities Management UW-Eau Claire 29 CFR 1910.146 CONFINED SPACE ENTRY Awareness Training By:...