Fabien GANDON, Laurent BERTHELOT, Rose DIENG A Multi-Agents Platform for a Corporate Web Semantic aa...

Fabien GANDON, Laurent BERTHELOT, Rose DIENGFabien GANDON, Laurent BERTHELOT, Rose DIENG

A Multi-Agents A Multi-Agents Platform for a Platform for a

Corporate Web Corporate Web SemanticSemantic

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A Multi-Agents A Multi-Agents Platform for a Platform for a

Corporate Web Corporate Web SemanticSemantic

PlanPlan

Corporate memory materialization in CoMMACorporate memory materialization in CoMMAObjectives & Overall ApproachObjectives & Overall ApproachUse of RDF(S) to build a corporate semantic webUse of RDF(S) to build a corporate semantic web

CoMMA MAS architecture overviewCoMMA MAS architecture overviewHandling distribution of annotationsHandling distribution of annotations

Allocating new annotationAllocating new annotationDistributed query-solvingDistributed query-solving

33 [email protected] A Multi-Agents Platform for a Corporate Web Semantic

What is CoMMA ?What is CoMMA ? CoMMACoMMA: : European project : Provide a European project : Provide a corporate memory management corporate memory management framework. Started February 2000 - framework. Started February 2000 - Ended February 2002Ended February 2002

2 application & trial scenarios2 application & trial scenarios Assist new employee integrationAssist new employee integration Support technology monitoring activitiesSupport technology monitoring activities


ApproachApproach

Corporate memories as Corporate memories as heterogeneous and heterogeneous and distributeddistributed information landscapes information landscapes

Stakeholders are a Stakeholders are a heterogeneous and heterogeneous and distributeddistributed population population

Exploitation of corporate memory involves Exploitation of corporate memory involves heterogeneous and distributedheterogeneous and distributed tasks tasks

CM MaterializationCM Materialization CM ExploitationCM ExploitationXML:XML: Web standard, Web standard, Structure, Extend, Structure, Extend, Validation, TransformValidation, Transform

RDF(S) & K. Eng.:RDF(S) & K. Eng.: Annotation, SchemasAnnotation, Schemas

Multi-Agent System:Multi-Agent System: Modularity, Distributed, Modularity, Distributed, Collaboration, Sem. M.P.Collaboration, Sem. M.P.

Machine Learning:Machine Learning: AdaptabilityAdaptability

Positioning & ApproachPositioning & Approach

CoMMACoMMA: : European project : Provide a European project : Provide a corporate memory management framework. corporate memory management framework. Started February 2000 - Ended February 2002Started February 2000 - Ended February 2002


Overall SchemaOverall Schema

Corporate Memory

Multi-Agents SystemLearning

UserAgent

Learning

ProfileAgent

Ontology and Models Agent

UserAgent

Learning

InterconnectionAgent

KnowledgeEngineer

Ontology

Models - Enterprise Model - User's Profiles



Corporate Memory


UserAgent

Learning

ProfileAgent


UserAgent

Learning


Author and/orannotator of documents

Annotation

Document



Corporate Memory


UserAgent

Learning

ProfileAgent


UserAgent

Learning


End User

Annotation

Document

Annotation

Document

Annotation

Document

Query



Corporate Memory


UserAgent

Learning

ProfileAgent


UserAgent

Learning


KnowledgeEngineer

Author and/orannotator of documents

End User

Annotation

Document

Annotation

Document

Annotation

Document

Annotation

Document

Ontology

Models - Enterprise Model - User's Profiles

Query


A Corporate Semantic WebA Corporate Semantic Web RDF :RDF : Resource Description Framework Resource Description Framework

Describe Web resourcesDescribe Web resources RDF Schema (to formalize the ontology)RDF Schema (to formalize the ontology)

OO SS

AADD

++

++

++

++MemoryMemory

Approach :Approach : OOntology in RDFS (O'CoMMA)ntology in RDFS (O'CoMMA) Description the Description the SSituation in RDF:ituation in RDF:

User ProfilesUser Profiles Organization modelOrganization model

AAnnotations in RDF describing nnotations in RDF describing DDocumentsocuments Toward a Toward a corporate semantic webcorporate semantic web Annotated world for agentsAnnotated world for agents (quickly intelligent) (quickly intelligent)


<rdfs:Class rdf:ID=‘Entity’/><rdfs:Class rdf:ID=‘Group’> <rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource=‘#Entity’ /></rdfs:Class> ......<rdf:Property rdf:ID=‘Employee’> <rdfs:subPropertyOf rdf:resource=‘#Member’ /> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource=‘#Group/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource=‘#Person’/></rdf:Property> ......

Ontology in RDFS

Entity

Group Person Employee

Member

range

domain

Ontology hierarchy

<CoMMA:Group rdf:about=“http://www-sop.inria.fr/acacia/”> <CoMMA:Employee> <CoMMA:Person rdf:about=“http://www.inria.fr/~fab/” /> </CoMMA:Employee></CoMMA:Group >

RDFannotation

RDF(S) - Aspects used by the agents managing the annotations RDF(S) - Aspects used by the agents managing the annotations

Group: Acacia Employee rangedomain Person: Fabien

Annotation triplet and graph (Acacia, Employee, Fabien)(Acacia, Employee, Fabien)


MAS ArchitectureMAS Architecture

Mémoire d'entreprise

Système Multi-AgentsApprentissage

Agent Utilisateur

Apprentissage

Agent grouped'intérêts

Agent Ontologie et Modèles

Agent Utilisateur

Apprentissage

Agent d'inter-connexion

Ingénieur dela connaissance

Auteur et/ouAnnotateur de documents

Utilisateur final

Annotation

Document

Annotation

Document

Annotation

Document

Annotation

Document

Ontologie

Modèles - Modèle d'entreprise - Profils d'utilisateurs

Requête


Multi-agents information system for the CMMulti-agents information system for the CM

CoMMACoMMA is an heterogeneous multi-agents is an heterogeneous multi-agents information systeminformation system Several types of agentsSeveral types of agents Deal with duality of information Deal with duality of information distributiondistribution::

i.e.i.e. scattered data, information & knowledge scattered data, information & knowledge i.e.i.e. diffuse captured information and knowledge diffuse captured information and knowledge

Agent paradigm adequacy: Agent paradigm adequacy: Collaboration Collaboration Global Capitalization Global Capitalization Autonomy & Individuality Autonomy & Individuality Local AdaptationLocal Adaptation

From Macroscopic to MicroscopicFrom Macroscopic to Microscopic Functional analysis for high level functions: Functional analysis for high level functions:

societiessocieties Society internal functional analysis: rolesSociety internal functional analysis: roles in in //// scenario and use-cases analysis: interactions scenario and use-cases analysis: interactions


Users' societyUsers' society

Annotations SocietyAnnotations SocietyOntology and Model SocietyOntology and Model Society

Interconnection SocietyInterconnection Society

CoMMA Society CoMMA Society Sub-societiesSub-societiesand Rolesand Roles

Ontologist AgentsOntologist Agents

MediatorsMediators

ArchivistsArchivists

Profile Profile ManagersManagers

Profiles Profiles ArchivistsArchivistsInterfaceInterface

ControllersControllers

FederatedFederatedMatchmakersMatchmakers


Users' societyUsers' society

Annotations SocietyAnnotations SocietyOntology and Model SocietyOntology and Model Society

Interconnection SocietyInterconnection Society

Roles Roles Interaction Interaction specificationsspecifications

Ontologist AgentsOntologist Agents

MediatorsMediators


Profile Profile ManagersManagers

Profiles Profiles ArchivistsArchivistsInterfaceInterface

ControllersControllers

FederatedFederatedMatchmakersMatchmakers

ontologyontology


AnnotationArchivist

AnnotationMediator

Reactive N NComplex Mental State N NGraceful Degradation Y YTemporally continuity Y YAutonomy

Goal-oriented N YCollaborative Y YFlexible N YProactive N Y

Personality N NCommunication Y YAdaptability

Learning N NCustomizable N N

Mobility N NVisual representation N NVeracity Y YBenevolence Y YRationality Y Y

Roles descriptionimplied role characteristics

Zooming on the annotation societyZooming on the annotation societyAnnotations SocietyAnnotations Society

MediatorsMediators


Scenarios anduse cases to derive interactions and protocols spec.

AMLocal:AM *:AM *:AA

*:AA

1:cfp

2:cfp

2:cfp

3:propose

3:propose

:protocol fipa contract net:content <RDF Annotation>:language CoMMA-RDF:ontology CoMMA Ontology

5:accept/reject

:protocol fipa contract net:content <propose bid = distance to current archive / refuse / not understood>:language CoMMA-RDF:ontology CoMMA Ontology

4:propose

6:accept/reject

6:accept/reject

7:inform

7:inform8:inform


Interactions AA-AM in allocating an annotationInteractions AA-AM in allocating an annotation C-Net : Annotation allocationC-Net : Annotation allocation

AM - AA AM - AA discuss best place to archivediscuss best place to archive Contract-net Contract-net (CfP, Proposal, Accept/Reject)(CfP, Proposal, Accept/Reject) Allocation criteria: pseudo-semantic measureAllocation criteria: pseudo-semantic measure<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/PR-rdf-schema-19990303#" xmlns:CoMMA="http://www.inria.fr/acacia/comma#"> <CoMMA:Article rdf:about="http://intranet/reports/R3029"> <CoMMA:Title>CfP UMTS Analysis</CoMMA:Title> <CoMMA:Author> <CoMMA:Person rdf:about="http://www.mycorp.com/~fab" /> </CoMMA: Author > </CoMMA:Article></rdf:RDF>

Article

Title

Literal: "CfP UMTS Analysis"

Article

Author

Person


Article

Title


Article

Author

Person

AnnotationAnnotation

ArchiveArchiveABISABIS

Interactions AA-AM in allocating an annotationInteractions AA-AM in allocating an annotation

Report

Title

Literal: "Negotiation in C-Net"

Literal: "Zeno paradox"......

2727Report

Author

Person

1717

How

clo

se a

re th

ey ?

Report

Author

Comity

1010

Book

Author

Person

8989

Book

Title

Literal: "Agents for dummies"

Literal: "Francs and Euros"......

4747


Allocating an annotation: lexicographical distanceAllocating an annotation: lexicographical distance

Article

Title


Report

Title

Literal: "Negotiation in C-Net"

Literal: "Zeno paradox"......

Blow

Bup

sx,x,1XL..0 L

ix,X ...Lit ; Max,0

Max )itAbscissa(L CC

C

sii

DistL(LitA, LitB) = | Abscissa(LitB) - Abscissa(LitA) |

Classic lexicographical distance: ( pseudo semantic)

DistI(LitX, [Blow, Bup])

if LitX [Blow, Bup] then = 0

else = Min(DistL (LitX, Blow), DistL (LitX, Bup))

Distance to a literal interval: ( pseudo distance)


Allocating an annotation: semantic distanceAllocating an annotation: semantic distance

Article

Author

Person

Report

Co-Author

Student

C2

C1

C3

C4 C5 C6 C7 C8

R1

R2

R4 R5 R6

R3

Concept typeshierarchy

Relation typeshierarchy

Distance from Type1 to Type2 through least common super-type DistH(Type1,Type2) = SPath(Type1,LCST) +SPath(Type2,LCST) SPath(,): number of edges through generalisation links LCST: least common super type = shared characteristicsDistTL(Type1,LitX) = (MaxC*2+1)Triple-triple: conditional sum with normalisation & weightsDist TFABIS(TripleA, TripleB) = DistC1+ DistR + DistC2

DistCi= WC* DistH(Type1,Type2) or WC* DistH(Type,Lit) or WL* N * DistI(Lit, [Blow,Bup]) N=MaxC*2/MaxL

vehicle

car bicycle

wagoncoupé

LCST Toy Example

Distance(coupé,bicycle) = 3

tandem

vehicle

car bicycle

wagoncoupé

LCST

Toy Example

Distance(coupé,wagon) = 2

tandem


ABISABISAnnotationAnnotation

Allocating an annotation: final pseudo-distanceAllocating an annotation: final pseudo-distance

DistAABIS(Triple,ABIS) = Min(DistTFABIS (Triple,Triplei)Tripleti ABIS

ABIS),(TripleDist )ABIS ,An( Dist jTABISXAABIS

Xj AnTriple

Allocation criteria:Allocation criteria: Winner = Archivist with the smallest distanceWinner = Archivist with the smallest distance Effect: cluster annotations having close semantic Effect: cluster annotations having close semantic

contribution contribution specialise the archives specialise the archives One use: specialisation improve query solving and One use: specialisation improve query solving and

respect knowledge distributionrespect knowledge distribution

CAP),(TripleDist )CAP ,An( Dist jTCAPXACAP

Xj AnTriple sub-type Dist = 0

Dist(AnX, AAY) = DistAABIS(AnX, ABISY) + DistACAP(AnX, CAPY)


Interactions AA-AM in solving a requestInteractions AA-AM in solving a request Fragmentation et distributed queriesFragmentation et distributed queries

Co-operatively solve a query (multi-stage Query-Co-operatively solve a query (multi-stage Query-Ref)Ref)

AM decomposes submitted query into sub-queries AM decomposes submitted query into sub-queries Allocation of sub-query based on ABISAllocation of sub-query based on ABIS

Overlap descriptionOverlap description Refines service description of ArchivistsRefines service description of Archivists Target multicast communications in query-solvingTarget multicast communications in query-solving Exploit archive specialisation obtained by the Exploit archive specialisation obtained by the

distribution of annotationsdistribution of annotations

query needs (in ontological terms)query needs (in ontological terms)(ABIS)(ABIS)archive contribution to memoryarchive contribution to memory

&&

DescriptionDescriptionof the overlap of the overlap need/archiveneed/archive(OBSIQ)(OBSIQ)


DOM RDF structureDOM RDF structure<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:rdfs="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/ PR-rdf-schema-19990303#" xmlns:CoMMA="http://www.inria.fr/acacia/comma#"> <CoMMA:Document> <CoMMA:CreatedBy> <CoMMA:Person> <CoMMA:FamilyName>?AuthorName</CoMMA:FamilyName> <CoMMA:FirstName>?AuthorFirstName</CoMMA:FirstName> </CoMMA:Person> </CoMMA:CreatedBy> <CoMMA:Title>?DocTitle</CoMMA:Title> <CoMMA:Edited> <CoMMA:Company> <CoMMA:Designation>~smith</CoMMA:Designation> <CoMMA:Situated> <CoMMA:Location> <CoMMA:City>Nice</CoMMA:City> <CoMMA:Country>France</CoMMA:Country> <CoMMA:Phone>?EditorPhone</CoMMA:Phone> </CoMMA:Location> </CoMMA:Situated> <CoMMA:HasForActivity> <CoMMA:Edition /> </CoMMA:HasForActivity> </CoMMA:Company> </CoMMA:Edited> <CoMMA:CreationDate>2000</CoMMA:CreationDate> <CoMMA:ReviewedBy> <CoMMA:Person> <CoMMA:FamilyName>hofstadter</CoMMA:FamilyName> <CoMMA:FirstName>douglas</CoMMA:FirstName> </CoMMA:Person> </CoMMA:ReviewedBy> <CoMMA:Concern> <CoMMA:ComputerScienceTopic /> </CoMMA:Concern> </CoMMA:Document></rdf:RDF>

?

!

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?

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!!

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1

1

1

1

1

1

22

22

22

2

3

33


Decomposition (Constraints)Decomposition (Constraints)

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Solving / DecompositionSolving / Decomposition AM simplifies + decomposes AM simplifies + decomposes sub-queries to AA sub-queries to AA Bottom-up constraintsBottom-up constraints

solvingsolving Top-down questionTop-down question

solvingsolving URI as cut/joint pointsURI as cut/joint points


Solving / DecompositionSolving / Decomposition AM simplifies + decomposes AM simplifies + decomposes sub-queries to AA sub-queries to AA Bottom-up constraintsBottom-up constraints

solvingsolving Top-down questionTop-down question

solvingsolving URI as cut/joint pointsURI as cut/joint points

Decomposition (Questions) &Decomposition (Questions) &mergingmerging

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Solving / MergingSolving / Merging AM merges partial resultsAM merges partial results AM solves cross-referencesAM solves cross-references


ConclusionConclusion

Ergonomics problems and complexityErgonomics problems and complexityLarge scale real evaluationLarge scale real evaluationWorking system Working system i.e.i.e. proof of concept proof of conceptUsability and Usefulness recognizedUsability and Usefulness recognizedDeveloper appreciation of Agent-Onto couplingDeveloper appreciation of Agent-Onto coupling Industrial interest in the dvpIndustrial interest in the dvpntnt of the prototype of the prototype

Focused criticisms:Focused criticisms: pseudopseudo-semantic distance; literal analysis-semantic distance; literal analysis overover specialisation; fine tuning, other criteria specialisation; fine tuning, other criteria decomposition improvements (existential decomposition improvements (existential

qualification, constraint focal point and heuristics)qualification, constraint focal point and heuristics) Results Results PhD to be defended in October PhD to be defended in October Take home message: "looking for Post Doc." Take home message: "looking for Post Doc."

System implementation ( ) & trial:System implementation ( ) & trial:


CoMMA: Login & JADE Agent Management GUICoMMA: Login & JADE Agent Management GUI


CoMMA: Making an annotationCoMMA: Making an annotation


CoMMA: Message passing in allocating an annotationCoMMA: Message passing in allocating an annotation


CoMMA: Submitting a queryCoMMA: Submitting a query


CoMMA: Message passing in query-solvingCoMMA: Message passing in query-solving


CoMMA: Query resultCoMMA: Query result

Fabien GANDON, Laurent BERTHELOT, Rose DIENG A Multi-Agents Platform for a Corporate Web Semantic aa...

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